Male dichoptic. Both sexes with bare, medial vitta extending ventrally from oral margin, usually to base of antenna, except interrupted by pruinosity at facial tubercle in S. interrupta and only extending to facial tubercle in S. metallica. Gena bare. Katepimeron bare. Scutellum with at least anterior margin densely pruinose. Narrow intersection of vein R₁ with vein C. Anterior ventral half of vein C before crossvein h without setae. Distance between apices of veins R₁ and R₂₊₃ longer than distance between apices of veins R₂₊₃ and vein R₄₊₅+M₁. Abdominal pile erect. Phallapodeme banana-shaped.

Male. Body length: 9.2–17.1 mm. Wing length: 7.7–12.1 mm. Head. Face black, bare, concave beneath antenna, produced downwards and pruinose except with bare, medial vitta extending from oral margin, usually to base of antenna, except interrupted by pruinosity at facial tubercle in male S. interrupta Moran sp. n., and only extending to facial tubercle in male S. metallica (Bigot, 1882) or just beyond in the female; gena broad, as broad or broader than long, bare, shiny; anterior tentorial pit short, extending along ventral one-third of eye, pilose; frontal prominence distinct; frons broad, of variable size, at least partially pruinose; vertex variable in shape and pruinosity; ocellar triangle pilose, small; eye bare; male dichoptic; antenna length variable; kidney-shaped basoflagellomere, except sub-triangular in S. brevicornis, S. vespiformis and S. vittata, with bare arista dorsally placed.

Thorax. About as long as broad, short pilose except in Sphecomyia metallica; postpronotum pilose; proepimeron pilose; anterior anepisternum bare, posterior anepisternum pilose; scutum with or without pruinose vittae; scutellum with at least anterior margin densely pruinose, without apical sulcus and with ventral pile fringe; katepisternum bare anteriorly, discontinuously pilose posteriorly with broadly separated patches; anepimeron with anterior portion pilose, and dorsomedial and posterior bare; katepimeron bare; metathoracic pleuron bare; without hypopleural pile at the base of the posterior thoracic spiracle; meron bare, except variable pilose in S. vespiformis; metathoracic spiracle about same size as flagellum; metasternum pilose; postmetacoxal bridge incomplete; plumula simple, elongate, short, not reaching calypteral margin; calypter yellow.

Legs. Coxae pilose anteriorly, bare posteriorly; hind coxa pruinose anteriorly; metafemur narrow, at most slightly swollen, without basoventral setose patch; metatibia transverse apically, rounded basoventrally.

Wing. Hyaline; stigmatic crossvein present; crossvein r-m at outer fourth of cell dm; anterior ventral half of vein C before crossvein h without setae (Fig. 3B); narrow intersection of vein R₁ with vein C (Fig. 3B); distance between apices of veins R₁ and R₂₊₃ longer than distance between apices of veins R₂₊₃ and R₄₊₅+M₁ (Fig. 3B); cell r₂₊₃ open; vein R₄₊₅ straight; vein R₄₊₅+M₁ no longer than crossvein h; vein M₂ absent; vein CuP+CuA short, curved.

Abdomen. Oval, slightly longer than broad, often with pruinose bands; abdominal pile erect.

Male genitalia. Surstyli symmetric; aedeagus segmented, with phallapodeme separated from basiphallus and distiphallus; phallapodeme banana-shaped (Fig. 2A–O); well-developed ctenidion.

As in male, except for usual sexual dimorphism.

13 Nearctic (12 Western, 1 Eastern) and 3 Palaearctic species.

Latreille (1825) first referenced the genus in French vernacular as Sphecomye based on specimens collected in Carolina by D. Bose. No description was included, nor was a specific epithet assigned to the specimens, thus the name is considered unavailable. Stark (1828) provided a translation from French vernacular as Sphecomyia, but as it referenced Latreille (1825) it still is not considered available. Sphecomyia is first made available in Latreille (1829) in which description of the genus is provided. Macquart (1842) designated Chrysotoxum vittatum Wiedemann as the type species by monotypy.

In this paper, Sphecomyia is redefined as the monophyletic unit of species within Criorhinina that possess the following characters: a bare, medial vitta extending ventrally from the oral margin in both sexes, a bare gena, a bare katepimeron, a scutellum with at least anterior margin densely pruinose, an anterior ventral half of vein C before crossvein h without setae and a narrow intersection of vein R₁ with vein C. While the combination of characters used to define Sphecomyia is unique, the subtribe Criorhinina is rife with homoplasy and the presence of one or more of these character states without all the others should not be taken as an indication a species belongs in Sphecomyia.

Brachymyia Williston, 1882 and Eurhinomallota Bigot, 1882 are newly synonymized with Sphecomyia as the type species of both genera fall within this definition and are combined with it as a result of this change. This decision is further supported by molecular evidence showing a close relationship with Sphecomyia, i.e., the present COI gene tree and a multi-gene molecular phylogeny of the Criorhinina which will be presented in an upcoming paper. It is the authors opinion that combination with Sphecomyia, as opposed to resurrecting the concept as a monotypic genus, serves to emphasize its relationship with the group.

There are three major, monophyletic lineages of Sphecomyia. The vittata group, composed of the species with pruinose vittae on the scutum, i.e., S. brevicornis, S. interrupta sp. n., S. sexfasciata Moran sp. n., S. vespiforme, and S. vittata. Secondly, the pattonii group comprised of species with broadened fore tarsi and without pruinose vittae on the scutum, i.e., S. aino (Stackelberg, 1955), S. cryptica Moran sp. n., S. dyari, S. hoguei Moran sp. n., S. oraria Moran sp. n., S. pattonii, S. pseudosphecomima Moran sp. n., S. tsherepanovi (Violovitsh, 1973), and S. weismani Moran sp. n. The third group comprises only one species, Sphecomyia metallica, which has a completely pruinose scutum. S. metallica shares several characters with the vittata group. It has elongated surstyli, with a rounded baso-ventral lobe, reminiscent of the vittata group and it lacks the broadened fore tarsi of the pattonii group. Morphological characters of Sphecomyia are discussed in greater detail in the morphology section (see below).

Also of note, Shatalkin (1975) redefined Brachymyia as representing the species of Criorhina which lack a ventral scutellar fringe and possess hypopleural pile. The type of Brachymyia, Sphecomyia metallica, does not fit this generic definition as it has a ventral scutellar fringe and lacks hypopleural pile. Neither Criorhina berberina (Fabricius, 1805) nor the other species Shatalkin combined with Brachymyia are closely related to the type. Definitions of other criorhinine genera might change after this work.

Species similar to S. pseudosphecomima or S. tsherepanovi but can be distinguished by the following characters: cell c bare on basal two-thirds; ocellar triangle pale pilose; silver-yellow pruinose; basiphallus as in Fig. 2A.

Male. Body length: 10.0 to 13.5 mm. Wing length: 8.2 to 8.4 mm. Head. Face silver-yellow pruinose with shiny, black, medial vitta extending from oral margin to base of antenna; frons broad, about as long as broad at antenna, two-thirds as broad at vertex as at antenna, bare, with silver-yellow pruinosity along posterior rim; vertex triangular, longer than broad, shiny, with ocellar triangle pale pilose; postocular border silver-yellow pruinose; postocular pile black; occipital pile pale; male narrowly dichoptic; antenna black, pale pilose, with length of segments roughly in a 3:3:2 ratio.

Thorax. Sub-shiny black; postpronotum pale pilose, scutum pale pilose, except with black pile posteromedially; scutellum, postalar callus, proepimeron pale pilose, posterior anepisternum pale pilose; posterior katepisternum pale pilose with broadly separated patches; anterior anepimeron, metasternum pale pilose; postpronotum, anterior eighth of scutellum, broad posterior margin of anepisternum and dorso-posterior corner of katepisternum silver-yellow pruinose; area between postpronota weakly silver-yellow pruinose, except shiny medially; anepimeron shiny; scutum without pruinose vittae; ventral calypter with long pale pile.

Legs. Foreleg black, except reddish-yellow at apex of femur; fore tarsi slightly broadened; midleg yellow, except basal four-fifths of femur and last two tarsomeres black; hind leg reddish-yellow, except last two tarsomeres black; legs pale pilose, except black pilose on fore tibia, fore tarsi, extreme apex of fore femur and last two mid and hind tarsomeres; hind coxa silver-yellow pruinose.

Wing. Hyaline; microtrichia absent from following areas: cell bc; basal two-thirds of cell c; basal fourth of cell sc; cell r₁ from base almost to crossvein r-m; broad basal portion of cell br (before origin of M) and about basal two-fifths of narrower portion of this cell (caudad of spurious vein only); cell bm, except apex and narrow anterior and posterior margins of about apical fourth; broad anterior margin of cell cua; narrow, elongate, oval area proximal to vein A₁.

Abdomen. Tergites and sternites shiny to sub-shiny, black with silver-yellow pruinosity as follows: tergite 1 pruinose posteriorly; tergite 2 with thin, interrupted, medial band which curves posteriorly to reach the posterolateral corners; tergite 3 with thin, medial, interrupted band which does not curve anteriorly; tergite 4 with similar but thinner band; sternite 1 weakly pruinose; sternites 2 and 3 pruinose on anterior third and sub-shiny black on remainder; sternite 4 with anteromedial pruinose spots; pile of abdomen pale.

Male genitalia. Surstylus not elongated, about as long as broad, curving upward ventrally; pilose on anterolateral outer surface of surstylus; minute spines on ventral surface and apical half of interior lateral surface; basal fourth of ventral surface of the surstylus produced into a lobe directed anteriorly, with minute pubescence on ventral and lateral inner surface; cerci rounded, with no invagination on posterior border; aedeagus as in Fig. 2A.

Similar to male except normal sexual dimorphism.

Far Eastern Russia including Sakhalin Island and westerly into Eastern Siberia (Fig. 24).

Collected visiting flowers of Cornus alba (L.) Opiz, Weigela middendorffiana C. Koch, Rhododendron aureum Georgi, and Rhododendron dauricum L. Known to hilltop. Recorded flying in June and July.

Two morphospecies are recognized in the Sphecomyia aino complex, S. aino from continental East Palaearctic and S. tsherepanovi from the Japanese and Kuril Islands. Sphecomyia aino are silver-yellow pruinose with mostly pale pile on their antennal segments and ocellar triangle. Sphecomyia tsherepanovi are silver-white pruinose with mostly black pile on their antennal segments and ocellar triangle. Additionally, the two populations were found to possess differently shaped dorsal horn on their basiphallus (Fig. 2A, L). We argue that these character differences, along with the 3% difference in the DNA barcode between the two taxa, especially considering that the mainland population has little to no variation in COI even across distances greater than 3000 km, are significant enough to warrant separation into two distinct species.

Of note are a male and female pair of specimens collected together in mainland Russia. Both possess characters associated with S. tsherepanovi. They are silver-white pruinose. The female is fully black pilose on its antennal segments and ocellar triangle, while the male is mixed pale and black pilose on these regions. The basiphallus of the male is identical to that of Fig. 2A. Both were barcoded, with Folmer regions identical to S. aino recovered. We consider this pair aberrant and not representative of S. aino. The male appears teneral as its exoskeleton is light brown in color. The female has a completely black pilose scutum and face along with a mixed pale and black pilose scutellum. These characters are not seen in another specimen of either species and may be indicative of a mutation. It is also is possible the female is teneral. Lending support to this hypothesis is communication with Russian Syrphidae researcher Valery Mutin who indicates all local specimens he collected fit the typical S. aino morphospecies concept. Still it is possible, though unlikely, that these specimens indicate that the mainland species is more variable than we have come to believe.

Species most similar to S. interrupta sp. n. and S. sexfasciata sp. n. but can be distinguished by the following characters: scutum with two pairs of pruinose vittae; cell c completely microtrichose; antenna possessing a 2:2:1 ratio of segments; frons bare; anepimeron not pruinose; anterior three-fourths of scutellum pruinose; medial facial vitta not interrupted by a spot of pruinosity.

Male. Body length: 11.0–16.0 mm. Wing length: 9.7–10.9 mm. Head. Face yellow pruinose with shiny, black, medial vitta extending from oral margin to base of antenna; frons broad, about as long as broad at antenna, two-thirds as broad at vertex as at antenna, bare, with yellow pruinosity along posterior third; vertex triangular, longer than broad, shiny, with ocellar triangle black pilose; postocular border yellow pruinose; postocular pile black; occipital pile yellow; male narrowly dichoptic; antenna black, black pilose, with length of segments roughly in a 2:2:1 ratio.

Thorax. Matte black; postpronotum yellow pilose; scutum yellow pilose, except with black pile posteromedially; scutellum yellow pilose anteriorly and black pilose posteriorly; postalar callus, proepimeron, posterior anepisternum yellow pilose; posterior katepisternum yellow pilose with broadly separated patches; anterior anepimeron yellow pilose; metasternum yellow pilose; postpronotum, anterior three-fourths of scutellum, broad posterior margin of anepisternum and dorso-posterior corner of katepisternum yellow pruinose; anepimeron usually shiny, rarely with weak pruinosity; scutum with two pairs of pruinose vittae: anterior pair long, running from anterior edge of scutum to transverse suture; posterior pair shorter and terminating before posterior edge; ventral calypter with long yellow pile.

Legs. Foreleg reddish-yellow, except basal four-fifths of femur and last three tarsomeres black; midleg reddish-yellow, except basal four-fifths of femur and last three tarsomeres black; hind leg reddish-yellow, except last two tarsomeres black; legs yellow pilose, except black pilose on last three tarsomeres; hind coxa yellow pruinose.

Wing. Hyaline; microtrichia absent from following areas: broad anterior margin of cell cua.

Abdomen. Tergites and sternites shiny to sub-shiny, black with yellow pruinose markings as follows: tergite 1 pruinose along posterior margin; tergite 2 with broad, interrupted, truncate medial band which meets a broad, uninterrupted posterior band in the posterolateral corners of tergite; tergite 3 with broad medial band, sometimes very narrowly interrupted, that joins with broad posterior band in two places, creating a medial diamond-shaped spot of no pruinosity; pattern on tergite 4 same as tergite 3; sternite 1 shiny; sternites 2 to 4 variable pruinose: ranging from almost completely pruinose, with a small region of non-pruinosity posteromedially to mostly pruinose, except with narrow anterior border and transverse subapical band shiny to dull black; sternites 6 to 8 pruinose; pile of abdomen yellow.

Male genitalia. Surstylus elongated, about two and a half times as long as broad, apex acute, directed ventrally; pile on dorsal surface of surstylus, increasing in length posteriorly; minute spines on ventral surface and apical three-fourths of lateral inner and outer surface; basal fourth of the ventral surface of the surstylus produced into a lobe directed ventrally, with minute pubescence on ventral and lateral inner surface; cerci rounded, with invagination on posterior border; aedeagus as in Fig. 2B.

Similar to male except normal sexual dimorphism.

U.S.A.: Washington, Oregon, California, Idaho, and Montana. Canada: Alberta and British Columbia (Fig. 23). Extends south from southern British Columbia, as well as the southeastern corner of Alberta, through the coastal and mountainous areas of Washington state, through Oregon and into the Sierra Nevada and midcoastal regions of California. Also known from forested regions of northern Idaho and western Montana.

Collected visiting flowers of Vaccinium L. sp., Phacelia Juss. sp., Ceanothus L. sp. and Berberis aquifolium Pursh. Recorded flying late April through late July, with one outlier in late August.

Sphecomyia brevicornis shows intraspecific variation on sternites 2 to 4. Northern specimens (i.e. Washington, British Columbia, Idaho, Montana) possess larger non-pruinose, shiny areas on these sternites (Fig. 21G). On Californian specimens these sternites are more pruinose (Fig. 21H). In Oregon there are apparent intermediates of the two states. Californian specimens can be, but are not always, weakly pruinose on the anepimeron, as opposed to the shiny anepimeron found in most. No other morphological characters to distinguish between the two populations were found. Two barcodes for S. brevicornis were recovered. One from an Alberta specimen and one from a California specimen. The two were 1.3% different, however, neither barcode was complete with the Albertan one missing data at both ends of the sequence and the Californian one missing the middle B fragment. Additional and complete sequences of both the northern and southern morphotypes of S. brevicornis are needed to determine whether a gradient exists or whether two discrete clusters are resolved.

It can be confused with S. cryptica sp. n., S. dyari, S. hoguei sp. n., S. oraria sp. n., and S. pattonii but is distinguished by a tergite 1 densely pruinose only in the posterior corners.

Male. Body length: 13.2–14.3 mm. Wing length: 9.9–10.5 mm. Head. Face yellow pruinose with shiny, black, medial vitta extending from oral margin to base of antenna; frons broad, about as long as broad at antenna, two-thirds as broad at vertex as at antenna, bare, with silver pruinosity along posterior half; vertex triangular, longer than broad, shiny, with ocellar triangle black pilose; postocular border yellow pruinose; postocular pile black; occipital pile yellow; male narrowly dichoptic; antenna black, black pilose, with length of segments roughly in a 3:3:2 ratio.

Thorax. Shiny black; postpronotum yellow pilose with occasional black pile; scutum and scutellum mostly black pilose with occasional yellow pile; postalar callus mixed black and yellow pilose; proepimeron yellow pilose; anepisternum yellow pilose posteriorly; posterior katepisternum yellow pilose with broadly separated patches; anterior anepimeron yellow pilose; metasternum yellow pilose; postpronotum, anterior eighth of scutellum, broad posterior margin of anepisternum and dorso-posterior corner of katepisternum yellow pruinose; area between postpronota weakly silver pruinose, except shiny medially; anepimeron shiny; scutum without pruinose vittae; ventral calypter with long yellow pile.

Legs. Foreleg black, except extreme apex of femur and anterior fourth of tibia reddish-yellow; fore tarsi slightly broadened; midleg reddish-yellow, except basal four-fifths of femur and last two tarsomeres black; hind leg reddish-yellow, except basal four-fifths of femur and last two tarsomeres black; legs yellow pilose, except black pilose on fore tibia, fore tarsi, extreme apex of fore femur, and last two mid and hind tarsomeres; hind coxa silver pruinose.

Wing. Hyaline; microtrichia absent from following areas: cell bc; basal sixth of cell c; basal fourth of cell sc; cell r₁ from base almost to crossvein r-m; broad basal portion of cell br (before origin of M) and about basal two-fifths of narrower portion of this cell (caudad of spurious vein only); cell bm, except apex and narrow anterior and posterior margins of about apical fourth; broad anterior margin of cell cua; narrow, elongate, oval area proximal to vein A₁.

Abdomen. Tergites and sternites shiny to sub-shiny, black with yellow pruinose markings as follows: tergite 1 pruinose in posterolateral corners; tergite 2 with broad, interrupted, truncate medial band which meets a narrow, uninterrupted posterior band in the posterolateral corners of tergite; tergite 3 with similar medial band, but more narrowly interrupted; pattern on tergite 4 same as tergite 3, except medial band very narrowly or incompletely interrupted; sternite 1 shiny; sternites 2 to 4 mostly pruinose, except with narrow anterior border and transverse subapical band shiny to dull black; sternites 6 to 8 pruinose; pile of abdomen yellow, except with some black pile present on posterior halves of tergites 3 and 4 and on postabdomen.

Male genitalia. Surstylus not elongated, about as long as broad, curving downward ventrally; pile on anterolateral outer surface of surstylus; minute spines on ventral surface and apical half of interior lateral surface; basal fourth of the ventral surface of the surstylus produced into a lobe directed posteroventrally, with minute pubescence on ventral and lateral inner surface; cerci rounded, with no invagination on posterior border; aedeagus as in Fig. 2C.

Similar to male except normal sexual dimorphism.

Canada: British Columbia. U.S.A.: Washington (Fig. 26). Known from two close localities on the central coast of British Columbia and several clustered localities in southeastern Washington.

Collected visiting flowers of Heracleum maximum W. Bartram. Recorded flying April through June.

U.S.A.: Oregon: Klamath County, Lake of the Woods, 42.36056, −122.205, 1500 m.

Holotype male, pinned. Original label: “Crater Lake // Nat. Park” “A. L. Lovett // Coll 8 22” “CNC47005”. [1♂, CNC47005, CNC]

Paratypes : U.S.A., California: Del Norte Co., Darlingtonia, HWY 199, Six Rivers National Forest, 41.838611, −123.946111, 120 m, F.C. Thompson, 1.vi.2009, USNM_ENT01261991; USNM_ENT01261992; USNM_ENT01261993 (3♂, USNM); M. Hauser, 1.vi.2009, KMM0891; KMM0892 (2♂, CSCA). Oregon: 12–15 miles east of Ashland, Dead Indian Road, 42.2695, −122.4388, 1371 to 1493 m, H.A. Scullen, 17.vii.1930, KMM0805 (1♀, WIRC); Anna Creek, 42.9253, −122.1727, A.L. Lovett, 22.viii, CNC47006 (1♂, CNC); Crater Lake National Park, 42.8684, −122.1685, 2133 m, E.C. Van Dyke, 17.vii.1922, KMM0913; KMM0915 (2♀, CAS); A.L. Lovett, 22.viii, CNC47004; (1♂, CNC); KMM0903; KMM0904 (2♂, AMNH); D.C. Lowrie, 21.vii.1951, USNM01261990 (1♂, USNM); KMM0902 (1♀, WSU); E.C. Van Dyke, 14.vii.1934, KMM0914 (1♂, CAS); Douglas Co., Diamond Lake, 43.1699, −122.1681, E.C. Van Dyke, 16.vii.1934, KMM0916 (1♂, CAS); Jackson Co., 1.5 miles north Mount Ashland Ski Bowl, 42.1058, −122.6994, P. Rude, 4.vii.1970, EMEC371299 (1♂, EMEC); Jackson Co., Mount Ashland, 42.08, −122.7175, 2073 m, P. Rude, 26.vii.1966, EMEC371298; EMEC371348 (2♀, EMEC); Klamath Co., Crescent Lake, 43.5084, −121.9685, E.R. Jaycox, 4.vii.1952, CNC143004 (1♀, CNC); Klamath Co., Klamath Falls, Coary Ranch, 42.225, −121.78111, Prunus demissa, J. Schuh, 12.vi.1964, USNM1028902 (1♂, USNM); Klamath Co., Lake of the Woods, 42.3606, −122.205, E.C. Van Dyke, 10.vii.1934, KMM0906; KMM0907; KMM0908; KMM0909; KMM0910; KMM0911; KMM0912; KMM0917 (7♂,1♀, CAS); 42.360561, −122.205000, 1508 m, H.A. Scullen, 18.vii.1930, KMM0905 (1♂, WIRC); Klamath Co., Pelican Butte Road, 42.4633, −122.1103, P.H. Arnaud Jr., 29.vii.1967, USNM1071333 (1♂, USNM); Linn Co., Hoodoo Ski Bowl, 44.4072, −121.8719, 1402 m, P.A. Opler, 25.vii.1966, EMEC371347; EMEC371349; EMEC371350 (1♂,2♀, EMEC); Linn Co., Marion Forks, 44.6155, −121.9468, R.L. Fischner, 30.vi.1962, USNM01261994 (1♀, USNM); Mount Hood, Cloud Cap, 45.402875, −121.654162, 1520 m, M.C. Lane, 17.vii.1933, KMM0793; KMM0794 (2♂, WIRC); Mount Hood, 45.5389 -121.5681, 1524 m, M.C. Lane, 21.vi.1925, KMM0798 (1♂, WIRC); G.P. Englekardt, viii, USNM1028877; USNM1028911 (1♂,1♀, USNM); Mount Jefferson, 44.67429, −121.7990, subalpine regions, J.C. Bridwell, 20.vii.1907, CNC47015 (1♀, CNC); Timberline near Government Camp, Mount Hood, 45.3309, −121.7107, E.C. Van Dyke, 28.vii.1937, KMM0841; KMM0842 (2♀, CAS); Vidae Falls, Crater Lake National Park, 42.8844, −122.09970, B.V. Peterson, 10.vii.1968, CNC47016 (1♀, CNC).

Species similar to S. columbiana, S. dyari, S. hoguei sp. n., S. oraria sp. n., and S. pattonii but can be distinguished by the following characters: tergite 1 with uninterrupted, pruinose band along posterior margin; scutellum mixed black and yellow pilose; ventral calypter with long yellow pile; sternites 2 to 4 almost completely pruinose, with a triangular region of non-pruinosity posteromedially.

Male. Body length: 11.9–14.2 mm. Wing length: 8.9–10.7 mm. Head. Face yellow pruinose with shiny, black, medial vitta extending from oral margin to base of antenna; frons broad, about as long as broad at antenna, two-thirds as broad at vertex as at antenna, bare, with yellow pruinosity along posterior third; vertex triangular, longer than broad, shiny, with ocellar triangle black pilose; postocular border yellow pruinose; postocular pile black; occipital pile yellow; male narrowly dichoptic; antenna black, black pilose, length of segments roughly in a 3:3:2 ratio.

Thorax. Sub-shiny black; postpronotum yellow pilose; scutum yellow pilose, except with black pile posteromedially; scutellum mostly yellow pilose with occasional black pile; postalar callus, proepimeron, posterior anepisternum yellow pilose; posterior katepisternum yellow pilose with broadly separated patches; anterior anepimeron yellow pilose; metasternum yellow pilose; postpronotum, anterior fourth of scutellum, broad posterior margin of anepisternum and dorso-posterior corner of katepisternum yellow pruinose; area between postpronota weakly yellow pruinose, except shiny medially; anepimeron shiny; scutum without pruinose vittae; ventral calypter with long yellow pile.

Legs. Foreleg black, except extreme apex of femur and anterior third of tibia reddish-yellow; fore tarsi slightly broadened; midleg reddish-yellow, except last two tarsomeres black; hind leg reddish-yellow, except last two tarsomeres black; legs yellow pilose, except, fore tibia, fore tarsi, extreme apex of fore femur and last two mid and hind tarsomeres black pilose; hind coxa yellow pruinose.

Wing. Hyaline; microtrichia absent from following areas: cell bc; cell r₁ from base to about halfway to crossvein r-m; broad basal portion of cell br (before origin of M) and about basal two-fifths of narrower portion of this cell (caudad of spurious vein only); cell bm, except apex and narrow anterior and posterior margins of about apical fourth; broad anterior margin of cell cua; narrow, elongate, oval area proximal to vein A₁.

Abdomen. Tergites and sternites shiny to sub-shiny, black with yellow pruinose markings as follows: tergite 1 pruinose along posterior margin; tergite 2 with broad, interrupted, truncate medial band which meets a narrow, uninterrupted posterior band in the posterolateral corners of tergite; tergite 3 with similar medial band, but more narrowly interrupted; pattern on tergite 4 same as tergite 3 except medial band very narrowly or incompletely interrupted; sternite 1 shiny; sternites 2 to 4 almost completely pruinose, with a triangular region of non-pruinosity posteromedially; sternites 6 to 8 pruinose; pile of abdomen yellow, except sometimes with scattered black pile present on postabdomen.

Male genitalia. Surstylus elongated, about twice as long as broad, curving upward dorsally; pile on dorsal surface of surstylus, increasing in length posteriorly; minute spines on ventral surface, with apical three-fourths of lateral inter surface also with spines; basal fourth of the ventral surface of the surstylus produced into a lobe directed anteriorly, with no minute pubescence present; cerci rounded, with invagination on posterior border; aedeagus as in Fig. 2D.

Similar to male except normal sexual dimorphism.

U.S.A.: Oregon (Fig. 25). Restricted to the Oregon portion of the Cascade Range.

Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the Greek kryptos (Brown 1956: 241), which means hidden or secret and references the difficulty of distinguishing this species from S. dyari and S. pattonii.

Cole and Lovett (1921) misidentified specimens Lovett collected as S. pattonii. Lovett noted he observed them “entirely in the forenoon, occurring just at the edge of clearings and flying swiftly, close to the ground, resting occasionally in low growing shrubbery at the very edge of dense forests”. They have been collected visiting flowers of Prunus virginiana var. demissa (Nutt. ex Torr. and A. Gray) Torr. A specimen collected by Bridwell notes it was collected in the sup-alpine region. Recorded flying June through August.

Gold Lake Camp, Plumas County, California. [USNM]

Can be confused with S. columbiana, S. cryptica sp. n., S. hoguei sp. n., S. oraria sp. n., and S. pattonii but can be distinguished by the following characters: Tergite 1 with uninterrupted, pruinose band along posterior margin. Scutellum mixed black and yellow pilose. Ventral calypter with long yellow pile. Sternites 2 to 4 with a posteromedial, triangular region of non-pruinosity on sternites 2 to 4 that is smaller on ensuing sternites. The species can only be distinguished from S. hoguei sp. n. by male genitalia in which the narrowest part of the surstylus is about one-fourth the width of base.

Male. Body length: 11.2–14.4 mm. Wing length: 9.1–10.6 mm. Head. Face yellow pruinose with shiny, black, medial vitta extending from oral margin to base of antenna; frons broad, about as long as broad at antenna, two-thirds as broad at vertex as at antenna, bare, with yellow pruinosity along posterior three-fourths; vertex triangular, longer than broad, shiny, with ocellar triangle black pilose; postocular border yellow pruinose; postocular and occipital pile yellow; male narrowly dichoptic; antenna black, black pilose, length of segments roughly in a 3:3:2 ratio.

Thorax. Copper shine; postpronotum, scutum and scutellum yellow pilose, except scutum with black pile posteromedially; postalar callus, proepimeron, posterior anepisternum yellow pilose; posterior katepisternum yellow pilose with broadly separated patches; anterior anepimeron yellow pilose; metasternum yellow pilose; postpronotum, anterior fourth of scutellum, broad posterior margin of anepisternum and dorso-posterior corner of katepisternum yellow pruinose; area between postpronota weakly yellow pruinose, except shiny medially; anepimeron shiny; scutum without pruinose vittae; ventral calypter with long yellow pile.

Legs. Foreleg black, except extreme apex of femur and anterior third of tibia reddish-yellow; fore tarsi slightly broadened; midleg reddish-yellow, except basal four-fifths of femur and last two tarsomeres black; hind leg reddish-yellow, except basal four-fifths of femur and last two tarsomeres black; legs yellow pilose, except fore tibia, fore tarsi, apex of fore femur and last two mid and hind tarsomeres black pilose; hind coxa yellow pruinose.

Wing. Hyaline; microtrichia absent from following areas: cell bc; cell r₁ from base to about halfway to crossvein r-m; broad basal portion of cell br (before origin of M) and about basal two-fifths of narrower portion of this cell (caudad of spurious vein only); cell bm, except apex and narrow anterior and posterior margins of about apical fourth; broad anterior margin of cell cua; narrow, elongate, oval area proximal to vein A₁.

Abdomen. Tergites and sternites shiny to sub-shiny, black with yellow pruinose markings as follows: tergite 1 pruinose along posterior margin; tergite 2 with broad, interrupted, truncate, medial band which meets a narrow, uninterrupted, posterior band in the posterolateral corners of tergite; tergite 3 with similar medial band, but more narrowly interrupted; pattern on tergite 4 same as tergite 3 except medial band very narrowly or incompletely interrupted; sternite 1 shiny; sternites 2 to 4 almost completely pruinose, with a triangular region of non-pruinosity posteromedially, with each ensuing region smaller; sternites 6 to 8 pruinose; abdominal pile yellow.

Male genitalia. Surstylus elongate, curving upward dorsally, more than three times as long as broad, about fourth the width of base at narrowest point; pile on dorsal surface of surstylus, symmetric in length; minute spines on ventral surface, with apical four-fifth of lateral inner surface also with spines; basal fourth of the ventral surface of the surstylus not produced into a lobe, but instead with slight invagination and no minute pubescence present; cerci with slight invagination on posterior border; aedeagus as in Fig. 2E.

Similar to male except normal sexual dimorphism.

U.S.A.: California, Oregon and Nevada (Fig. 25). Throughout the Sierra Nevada Mountains and Warner Mountains along with the portions of the Cascade Range, Klamath Mountains and the Northern Coast Ranges surrounding the Great Valley.

Species collected visiting flowers Ceanothus cuneatus (Hook.) Nutt. and recorded leafsitting on Veratrum californicum Durand. Recorded flying mid-May through mid-August.

U.S.A.: California: San Bernardino County, Summit of Mount Sorenson west of Running Springs, 34.237778, −117.155833, 1912 m.

Type. Holotype male, pinned. Original label: “USA: CA: San Bernardino Co. // Summit of Mount Sorenson // W of Running Springs; 1912 m // 31°14’16”N, 117°09’21”W // 8.vi.2003; J&A. Skevington” “CNC Diptera // # 110224” “Sphecomyia // dyari // [Handwritten] Det. J. Skevington, 2003”, “Leg removed // for DNA // analysis”. [1♂, CNC_Diptera110224, CNC]

Paratypes : U.S.A., CALIFORNIA: Idyllwild, San Jacinto Mountains, 33.7456 -116.7161, J.W. MacSwain, 6.vii.1950, CNC143023 (1♂, CNC); 23.v.1940, CNC143019 (1♂, CNC); Los Angeles Co., Camp Baldy, 34.2689 -117.6286, 1981 m, R. DeNoble, 26.vi.1950, EMEC371314 (1♂, EMEC); R.C. Bechtel, 26.vi.1956, KMM0897 (1♂, CAS); R.W. Bushing, 26.vi.1956, KMM0896 (1♂, CAS); KMM0789 (1♂, SEMC); 7.vii.1958, KMM0898 (1♀, SEMC); San Bernardino Co., Forest Home, 34.0887. −116.9315, E.C. Van Dyke, 17.vi.1928, KMM0895 (1♂, CAS); San Bernardino Co., San Bernardino Mountains, Santa Ana River at Camp Metoche, 34.18, −116.88, 1710 m, J.N. Hogue, 8–9.vi.2013, LACM342617 (1♂, LACM); San Bernardino Co., Snow Crest Camp, 34.2546 -117.6337, A.A. Grigarick, 7.vii.1952, CNC143018 (1♀, CNC); D.E. Barcus, 7.vii.1952, KMM0899 (1♀, SEMC); E.M. Evans, 7.vii.1952, KMM0790 (1♀, SEMC); San Bernardino Co., Up Santa Ana River, 34.1465, −117.0563, J. & G. Sperry, 6.vi.1956, USNM1071433 (1♂, USNM); San Bernardino. Co., San Antonio Falls NE Mount Baldy P.O., 34.2719, −117.6342, Rhamnus californica in flower, J. Powell, 18.vi.1981, EMEC371306 (1♀, EMEC).

It can be confused with S. columbiana, S. cryptica sp. n., S. dyari, S. oraria sp. n. and S. pattonii but can be distinguished by the following characters: tergite 1 with uninterrupted, pruinose band along posterior margin; scutellum mixed black and yellow pilose; ventral calypter with long yellow pile; sternites 2 to 4 with a posteromedial, triangular region of non-pruinosity on sternites 2 to 4 that is smaller on ensuing sternites. The species can only be distinguished from S. hoguei sp. n. by male genitalia in which the narrowest part of the surstylus is about one half the width of base.

Male. Body length: 12.5–14.7 mm. Wing length: 8.8–10.5 mm. Head. Face yellow pruinose with shiny, black, medial vitta extending from oral margin to base of antenna; frons broad, about as long as broad at antenna, two-thirds as broad at vertex as at antenna, bare, with yellow pruinosity along posterior three-fourths; vertex triangular, longer than broad, shiny, with ocellar triangle black pilose; postocular border yellow pruinose; postocular and occipital pile yellow; male narrowly dichoptic; antenna black, black pilose, length of segments roughly in a 3:3:2 ratio.

Thorax. Copper shine; postpronotum, scutum and scutellum yellow pilose, except scutum with black pile posteromedially; postalar callus, proepimeron, posterior anepisternum yellow pilose; posterior katepisternum yellow pilose with broadly separated patches; anterior anepimeron yellow pilose; metasternum yellow pilose; postpronotum, anterior fourth of scutellum, broad posterior margin of anepisternum and dorso-posterior corner of katepisternum yellow pruinose; area between postpronota yellow pruinose, except shiny medially; anepimeron shiny; scutum without pruinose vittae; ventral calypter with long yellow pile.

Legs. Foreleg black, except extreme apex of femur and anterior third of tibia reddish-yellow; fore tarsi slightly broadened; midleg reddish-yellow, except basal four-fifths of femur and last two tarsomeres black; hind leg reddish-yellow, except basal four-fifths of femur and last two tarsomeres black; legs yellow pilose, except fore tibia, fore tarsi, apex of fore femur and last two mid and hind tarsomeres black pilose; hind coxa yellow pruinose.

Wing. Hyaline; microtrichia absent from following areas: cell bc; cell r₁ from base to about halfway to crossvein r-m; broad basal portion of cell br (before origin of M) and about basal two-fifths of narrower portion of this cell (caudad of spurious vein only); cell bm, except apex and narrow anterior and posterior margins of about apical fourth; broad anterior margin of cell cua; narrow, elongate, oval area proximal to vein A₁.

Abdomen. Tergites and sternites shiny to sub-shiny, black with yellow pruinose markings as follows: tergite 1 pruinose along posterior margin; tergite 2 with broad, interrupted, truncate medial band which meets a narrow, uninterrupted posterior band in the posterolateral corners of tergite; tergite 3 with similar medial band, but more narrowly interrupted; pattern on tergite 4 same as tergite 3 except medial band very narrowly or incompletely interrupted; sternite 1 shiny; sternites 2 to 4 almost completely pruinose, with a triangular region of non-pruinosity posteromedially, with each ensuing region smaller; sternites 6 to 8 pruinose; abdominal pile yellow.

Male genitalia. Surstylus elongated, curving upward dorsally, more than three times as long as broad, no less than half the width of base at narrowest point; pile on dorsal surface of surstylus, symmetric in length; minute spines on ventral surface, with apical four-fifths of lateral inner surface also with spines; basal fourth of the ventral surface of the surstylus not produced into a lobe, with no invagination or minute pubescence present; cerci with slight invagination on posterior border; aedeagus as in Fig. 2F.

Similar to male except normal sexual dimorphism.

U.S.A.: California (Fig. 25). Known from San Gabriel, San Bernardino, and San Jacinto mountains.

Collected visiting flowers of Frangula californica (Eschsch.) A. Gray. Recorded flying late May through early July.

Etymology. The specific epithet honors J. N. (Jim) Hogue who collected many of the specimens of S. hoguei sp. n., S. interrupta sp. n., and S. sexfasciata sp. n.

U.S.A. California: San Bernardino Co., Summit of Heap's Peak west of Running Springs, 34.2347, −117.1397, 1957 m.

Types. Holotype male, pinned. Original label: “USA: CA: San Bernardino Co. // Summit of Heap’s Peak W. // Of Running Springs; 1957 m // 34°14’05” N, 117°08’23” W // 25.v.2003; J. Skevington”, “CNC DIPTERA // #110220”, “Sphecomyia // brevicornis // [Handwritten] Det. J. Skevington, 2003”, “Leg removed // for DNA // analysis”. [1♂, CNC_DIPTERA110220, CNC]

Paratypes : U.S.A., CALIFORNIA: Camp Angelus, 34.1461, −116.9825, white Ceanothus, A.L. Melander, 20.v.1947, KMM0900 (1♂, RMNH); San Bernardino Co., Mill Creek, 34.0972, −117.0289, 1828–1920 m, on Ceanothus, Timberlake, 30.v.1934, UCRC442807 (1♂, UCRC); San Bernardino Co., San Antonio Canyon, 34.160256, −117.678477, 1889–1950 m, J.N. Hogue, 20.vi.1968, LACM329893 (1♀, LACM).

Species similar to S. brevicornis and S. sexfasciata sp. n. but can be distinguished by the following characters: scutum with two pairs of pruinose vittae; cell c completely microtrichose; antenna possessing a 3:3:2 ratio of segments; frons bare; anepimeron not pruinose; scutellum entirely pruinose; medial facial vitta interrupted by a macula of pruinosity on tubercle.

Male. Body length: 12.5–14.0 mm. Wing length: 8.9–10.7 mm. Head. Face yellow pruinose with shiny, black, medial vitta extending from oral margin to base of antenna, except interrupted on facial tubercle by yellow pruinosity; frons broad, about as long as broad at antenna, two-thirds as broad at vertex as at antenna, bare, with yellow pruinosity along posterior half; vertex triangular, longer than broad, shiny, with ocellar triangle black pilose; postocular border yellow pruinose; postocular pile black; occipital pile yellow; male narrowly dichoptic; antenna black, black pilose, with length of segments roughly in a 3:3:2 ratio.

Thorax. Matte black; postpronotum yellow pilose; scutum yellow pilose, except with black pile posteromedially; scutellum, postalar callus, proepimeron, posterior anepisternum yellow pilose; posterior katepisternum yellow pilose with broadly separated patches; anterior anepimeron yellow pilose; metasternum yellow pilose; postpronotum, anterior three-fourths of scutellum, broad posterior margin of anepisternum and dorso-posterior corner of katepisternum yellow pruinose; anepimeron shiny; scutum with two pairs of pruinose vittae: anterior pair long, running from anterior edge of scutum to transverse suture; posterior pair shorter and terminating before posterior edge; ventral calypter with long yellow pile.

Legs. Foreleg reddish-yellow, except basal four-fifths of femur and last two tarsomeres black; midleg reddish-yellow, except basal four-fifths of femur and last two tarsomeres black; hind leg reddish-yellow, except last two tarsomeres black; legs yellow pilose, except black pilose on last three tarsomeres; hind coxa yellow pruinose.

Wing. Hyaline; microtrichia absent from following areas: cell bc; narrow anteromedial region of cell bm; broad anterior margin of cell cua.

Abdomen. Tergites and sternites shiny to sub-shiny, black with yellow pruinose markings as follows: tergite 1 pruinose along posterior margin; tergite 2 with broad, interrupted, truncate medial band which meets a broad, uninterrupted posterior band in the posterolateral corners of tergite; tergite 3 with broad medial band, sometimes very narrowly interrupted, that joins with broad posterior band in two places creating a medial diamond-shaped spot of no pruinosity; pattern on tergite 4 same as tergite 3; sternite 1 pruinose on posterior half; sternites 2 to 4 completely pruinose; sternites 6 to 8 pruinose; pile of abdomen yellow.

Male genitalia. Surstylus elongated, about two and a half times as long as broad, apex acute, with rounded curve, directed ventrally; pile on dorsal surface of surstylus, increasing in length posteriorly; minute spines on ventral surface and apical three-fourth of lateral inner and outer surface; basal fourth of the ventral surface of the surstylus produced into a conspicuous lobe which extends ventrally, with minute pubescence on ventral and lateral inner surface; cerci rounded, with invagination on posterior border; aedeagus as in Fig. 2G.

Medial, facial vittae not interrupted.

U.S.A.: California (Fig. 23). Known only from the San Bernardino Mountains.

Collected visiting flowers of Ceanothus L. Recorded flying late May to late June.

Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the Latin interruptus (Brown 1956: 441) which means broken apart, between, off, or asunder. It references that the medial facial vitta is interrupted on the tubercle by a macula of pruinosity.

Sphecomyia metallica is not easily confused with any other congeneric as it is the only species which is long pilose and also completely pruinose on the scutum and scutellum.

Male. Body length: 9.2–13.2 mm. Wing length: 7.9–10.7 mm. Head. Face silver pruinose with shiny, black, medial vitta extending from oral margin to tubercle; frons broad, about as long as broad at antenna, as broad at vertex as at antenna, pale pilose and silver pruinose; vertex polygonal, slightly longer than broad, silver pruinose, with ocellar triangle pale pilose; postocular border silver; postocular and occipital pile pale; broadly dichoptic in male; antenna black, pale pilose, length of segments roughly in a 3:3:2 ratio.

Thorax. Black; long pilose; postpronotum, scutum, scutellum, postalar callus, proepimeron, posterior anepisternum pale pilose; posterior katepisternum pale pilose with broadly separated patches; anterior anepimeron pale pilose; metasternum pale pilose; postpronotum, mesonotum, broad posterior margin of anepisternum, dorso-posterior corner of katepisternum and anepimeron silver pruinose.

Legs. Foreleg black, except extreme apex of femur and anterior third of tibia reddish-yellow; mid and hind leg similar; tarsi not modified; leg pale pilose; hind coxa silver pruinose.

Wing. Hyaline; wing completely microtrichose.

Abdomen. Tergites and sternites shiny to sub-shiny, black with silver pruinosity as follows: tergite 1 completely silver pruinose; tergite 2 weakly silver pruinose; tergite 3 weakly silver pruinose along margins with thin, interrupted medial band; tergite 4 as tergite 3; sternites 1 to 4 completely silver pruinose; pile of abdomen long, pale.

Male genitalia. Surstylus elongated, about 2½ times as long as broad, apex acute, with rounded curve, directed ventrally; pile on dorsal surface of surstylus, increasing in length posteriorly; minute spines on ventral surface and apical three-fourth of lateral inner and outer surface; basal fourth of the ventral surface of the surstylus produced into a lobe directed ventrally, with minute pubescence on ventral and lateral inner surface; cerci rounded, with conspicuous invagination on posterior border; aedeagus as in Fig. 2H.

Similar to male except normal sexual dimorphism and as follows: medial facial vittae extends past tubercle to terminate just below antenna.

U.S.A.: California, Oregon (Fig. 26). Mostly restricted to California, with a short extension into coastal Oregon.

Associated with lowland Arctostaphylos Adans. sp., more commonly known as manzanitas or bearberries. The plant ranges from small shrubs to trees of over 6 m. It has small, clustered, bell-shaped, pink or white flowers. Also collected on flowers of Ribes sanguineum Pursh and Ribes menziesii Pursh. Due to their unusual flight period of December through mid-April, more research is necessary to reveal the true distribution of the species.

Although the type locality is listed as Mexico, the authors believe that the type is from current-day California as it was collected prior to 1848 when the state was still part of Mexico.

Contrary to the previous treatment, Eurhinomallota metallica Bigot, 1882 is senior to Brachymyia lupina Williston, 1882. Bigot’s name was published in the bimonthly Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France in March of 1882. Williston’s name was published in the April 1882 issue of the Canadian Entomologist. The improper treatment arose because the Bulletin itself was obscure until recently, with the Annales de la Société entomologique de France, the annually published compilation, taken as the date of publication for many species.

The combination of Eurhinomallota with Sphecomyia is supported by the type species’ possession of all characters used to distinguish Sphecomyia from other Criorhinina. This decision is further supported by molecular evidence showing a close relationship with Sphecomyia, i.e., the present COI gene tree (Fig. 27) and a multi-gene molecular phylogeny of the Criorhinina which will be presented in an upcoming paper. It is the authors opinion that combination with Sphecomyia, as opposed to resurrecting the concept as a monotypic genus, serves to emphasize its relationship with the group.

U.S.A.: California: Marin County, 2 miles SE Inverness, Inverness Ridge, 38.1014, −122.8869.

Holotype male, pinned. Original label: “CALIF: Marin Co., // 2 mi SE Inverness, // Inverness Ridge, // at light, May 15, // 1970, J. A. Powell” “Univ. Calif. // Insect Survey // Specimen # // 111082” “UC Berkley // EMEC // 371304 // [BARCODE]”. [1♂, EMEC371304, EMEC].

Paratypes : U.S.A.: California: Humboldt Co., Blocksburg, 40.2756 -123.6364, B.P. Bliven, 30.v.1937, KMM0894 (1♀, CAS); Marin Co., 2 mi. SE Inverness, Inverness Ridge, 38.1014, −122.8870, 243–316 m, H. Ewing, 7.v.1971, EMEC371305 (1♂, EMEC); Marin Co., Lily Pond, Alpine Lake, 37.9538, −122.6349, 457 m, D.D. Munroe, 10.v–4.vi.1970, CNC47070 (1♀, CNC); Mendocino Co., NCCRP, 3 mi. N. Branscomb, 39.6464 -123.4470, 427 m, C. Strong, 21–23.v.1982, EMEC371315 (1♀, EMEC); San Luis Obispo Co., Atascadero, 35.4883 -120.6703, J. LeCroy, 4.v.1986, LACM329903 (1♀, LACM); Santa Clara Co., Creek along Sandborn road, 2.7 km SE Congree-Springs road, 37.2347, −122.0589, 440 m, P.H. Arnaud, Jr., 14.iv.1974, USNM1028896 (1♂, USNM); Sonoma Co., Plantation, 38.5903 -123.3103, D. Burdick, 1.v.1958, INHS776993 (1♂, INHS); Sonoma Co., Stillwater Cove, 38.5424, −123.2888, E.I. Schlinger, 23.v.1954, KMM0893 (1♂, CAS); USNM1028841 (1♂, CNC); Walnut Creek, 37.9103, −122.0653, v, USNM1028837 (1♀, USNM).

It can be confused with S. columbiana, S. cryptica sp. n., S. dyari, S. hoguei sp. n., and S. pattonii but can be distinguished by the following characters: tergite 1 with uninterrupted, pruinose band along posterior margin. Scutellum black pilose. Ventral calypter with long yellow pile. Sternites 2 to 4 mostly pruinose, with narrow anterior border and transverse subapical band shiny to dull black.

Male. Body length: 11.1–14.6 mm. Wing length: 8.9–11.6 mm. Head. Face yellow pruinose with shiny, black, medial vitta extending from oral margin to base of antenna; frons broad, about as long as broad at antenna, two-thirds as broad at vertex as at antenna, bare, with yellow pruinosity along posterior half; vertex triangular, longer than broad, shiny, with ocellar triangle black pilose; postocular border yellow pruinose; postocular pile black; occipital pile yellow; male narrowly dichoptic; antenna black, black pilose, with length of segments roughly in a 3:3:2 ratio.

Thorax. Sub-shiny black; postpronotum yellow pilose with occasional black pile; scutum, scutellum and postalar callus mostly black pilose with occasional yellow pile; proepimeron and posterior anepisternum yellow pilose; posterior katepisternum yellow pilose with broadly separated patches; anterior anepimeron yellow pilose; metasternum yellow pilose; postpronotum, anterior fourth of scutellum, broad posterior margin of anepisternum and dorso-posterior corner of katepisternum yellow pruinose; area between postpronota yellow pruinose, except shiny medially; anepimeron shiny; scutum without pruinose vittae; ventral calypter with long yellow pile.

Legs. Foreleg black, except extreme apex of femur and anterior third of tibia reddish-yellow; fore tarsi slightly broadened; midleg reddish-yellow, except basal four-fifths of femur and last two tarsomeres black; hind leg reddish-yellow except last two tarsomeres black; legs yellow pilose, except fore tibia, fore tarsi, apex of fore femur and last two mid and hind tarsomeres black pilose; hind coxa yellow pruinose.

Wing. Hyaline; microtrichia absent from following areas: cell bc; cell r₁ from base to about halfway to crossvein r-m; broad basal portion of cell br (before origin of M) and about basal two-fifths of narrower portion of this cell (caudad of spurious vein only); cell bm, except apex and narrow anterior and posterior margins of about apical fourth; broad anterior margin of cell cua; narrow, elongate, oval area proximal to vein A₁.

Abdomen. Tergites and sternites shiny to sub-shiny, black with yellow pruinose markings as follows: tergite 1 pruinose along posterior margin; tergite 2 with broad, interrupted, narrowing, medial band which meets a narrow, uninterrupted posterior band in the posterolateral corners of tergite; tergite 3 with similar, but truncate, medial band, but more narrowly interrupted; pattern on tergite 4 same as tergite 3 except medial band very narrowly or incompletely interrupted; sternite 1 shiny; sternites 2 to 4 mostly pruinose, each with narrow anterior border and transverse subapical band shiny to dull black; sternites 6 to 8 pruinose; pile of abdomen yellow, except sometimes with scattered black pile present on postabdomen.

Male genitalia. Surstylus not elongated, about as long as broad, curving upward dorsally; pile on dorsal surface of surstylus, increasing in length posteriorly; minute spines on ventral surface, with apical half of lateral inner surface also with spines; basal fourth of the ventral surface of the surstylus produced into a lobe directed anteriorly, with minute pubescence on ventral and lateral inner surface; cerci rounded, with no invagination on posterior border; aedeagus as in Fig. 2I.

Similar to male except normal sexual dimorphism.

U.S.A.: California (Fig. 25). A lowland species spread throughout the California Coast Ranges.

Recorded flying late April through May.

Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the Latin orarius (Brown 1956: 576), meaning ‘of the coast’.

Species similar to S. columbiana, S. cryptica sp. n., S. dyari, S. hoguei sp. n. and S. oraria sp. n. but can be distinguished by the following characters: tergite 1 with uninterrupted, pruinose band along posterior margin; scutellum black pilose; ventral calypter with long black pile; sternites 2 to 4 mostly pruinose, with narrow anterior border and transverse subapical band shiny to dull black.

Male. Body length: 12.1–16.0 mm. Wing length: 8.3–11.8 mm. Head. Face yellow pruinose with shiny, black, medial vitta extending from oral margin to base of antenna; frons broad, about as long as broad at antenna, two-thirds as broad at vertex as at antenna, bare, with yellow pruinosity along posterior fourth; vertex triangular, longer than broad, shiny, with ocellar triangle black pilose; postocular border yellow pruinose; postocular pile black, occipital pile yellow; male narrowly dichoptic; antenna black, black pilose, with length of segments roughly in a 3:3:2 ratio.

Thorax. Sub-shiny black; postpronotum yellow pilose with occasional black pile; scutum and scutellum mostly black pilose with occasional yellow pile; postalar callus mixed black and yellow pilose; proepimeron, posterior anepisternum yellow pilose; posterior katepisternum yellow pilose with broadly separated patches; anterior anepimeron yellow pilose; metasternum yellow pilose; postpronotum, anterior fourth of scutellum, broad posterior margin of anepisternum and dorso-posterior corner of katepisternum yellow pruinose; area between postpronota yellow pruinose, except shiny medially; anepimeron shiny; scutum without pruinose vittae; ventral calypter with long black pile.

Legs. Foreleg black, except extreme apex of femur and anterior third of tibia reddish-yellow; fore tarsi slightly broadened; midleg reddish-yellow, except basal four-fifths of femur and last two tarsomeres black; hind leg reddish-yellow except last two tarsomeres black; legs yellow pilose, except fore tibia, fore tarsi, apex of fore femur and last two mid and hind tarsomeres black pilose; hind coxa yellow pruinose.

Wing. Hyaline; microtrichia absent from following areas: cell bc; cell r₁ from base almost to crossvein r-m; broad basal portion of cell br (before origin of M) and about basal two-fifths of narrower portion of this cell (caudad of spurious vein only); cell bm except apex and narrow anterior and posterior margins of about apical fourth; broad anterior margin of cell cua; narrow, elongate, oval area proximal to vein A₁.

Abdomen. Tergites and sternites shiny to sub-shiny, black with yellow pruinose markings as follows: tergite 1 pruinose along posterior margin; tergite 2 with broad, interrupted, narrowing medial band which meets a narrow, uninterrupted posterior band in the posterolateral corners of tergite; tergite 3 with similar, but truncate, medial band more narrowly interrupted; pattern on tergite 4 same as tergite 3 except medial band very narrowly or incompletely interrupted; sternite 1 shiny; sternites 2 to 4 mostly pruinose, each with narrow anterior border and transverse subapical band shiny to dull black; sternites 6 to 8 pruinose; pile of abdomen yellow, except sometimes with scattered black pile present on postabdomen.

Male genitalia. Surstylus elongated, about 1½ times as long as broad, curving upward dorsally; pile on dorsal surface of surstylus, increasing in length posteriorly; minute spines on ventral surface of surstylus, with apical three-fourths of lateral inner surface also with spines; basal fourth of the ventral surface of the surstylus produced into a lobe directed anteriorly, with minute pubescence on ventral and lateral inner surface; cerci rounded, with no invagination on posterior border; aedeagus as in Fig. 2J.

Similar to male except normal sexual dimorphism.

U.S.A.: Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Montana. Canada: British Columbia (Fig. 25). Widespread throughout coastal and mountainous areas of Washington state except seemingly absent from the Columbia basin. Extends into coastal and forested parts of northeastern Oregon. Extends north into forested coastal and inland areas of British Columbia. Also known from forests of northern Idaho and western Montana.

The authors collected this species visiting Rubus L. sp. on a forested slope near a river. Also collected visiting flowers of Heracleum lanatum Michx. Known hilltopper. Recorded flying late April through mid-August, with one outlier from mid-October.

U.S.A.: California: Tulure Co., Ash Mountain Headquarters, 36.4868, −118.8398, 518 m.

Holotype female, pinned. Original label: CAL: Tulare Co. // Ash Mt. HQ, 1700’ // IV-28-1979 // J. Powell, coll.” “EMEC // 371308 // [BARCODE]”. [1♀, EMEC371308, EMEC]

Paratypes : U.S.A.: California: Kern Co., Glennville, 35.7236, −118.7021, E.G. Linsley, J.W. MacSwain, R.F. Smith, 24.iv.1949, CNC91444 (1♀, CNC); Yosemite National Park, 37.7399, −119.5911, E.C. Van Dyke, 16.v.1921, USNM1028990 (1♀, USNM).

Species similar to S. aino or S. tsherepanovi but can be distinguished by the following characters: cell c bare on basal third; ocellar triangle pale pilose; silver-yellow pruinose.

Female. Body length: 9.9 –12.7 mm. Wing length: 7.7–7.9 mm. Head. Face silver-yellow pruinose with shiny, black, medial vitta extending from oral margin to base of antenna; frons black pilose posteriorly, silver-yellow pruinose on lateral margins; postocular border silver-yellow pruinose; postocular and occipital pile pale; antenna black, black pilose, with length of segments roughly in a 3:3:2 ratio.

Thorax. Sub-shiny black; postpronotum, scutum, scutellum, postalar callus, proepimeron, posterior anepisternum pale pilose; posterior katepisternum pale pilose with broadly separated patches; anterior anepimeron pale pilose; metasternum pale pilose; postpronotum, anterior eighth of scutellum, broad posterior margin of anepisternum and dorso-posterior corner of katepisternum silver-yellow pruinose; area between postpronota weakly silver-yellow pruinose, except shiny medially; anepimeron shiny; scutum without pruinose vittae; ventral calypter with long yellow pile.

Legs. Foreleg black except extreme apex of femur; midleg reddish-yellow, except last two tarsomeres black; hind leg reddish-yellow except last two tarsomeres black; all of fore tibia and tarsus black pilose, remainder of leg pale pilose.

Wing. Hyaline; microtrichia absent from following areas: cell bc; basal third of cell c; basal fourth of cell sc; cell r₁ from base almost to crossvein r-m; broad basal portion of cell br (before origin of M) and about basal two-fifths of narrower portion of this cell (caudad of spurious vein only); cell bm except apex and narrow anterior and posterior margins of about apical fourth; broad anterior margin of cell cua; narrow, elongate, oval area proximal to vein A₁.

Abdomen. Tergites and sternites shiny to sub-shiny, black with silver-yellow pruinosity as follows: tergite 1 pruinose posteriorly; tergite 2 with thin, interrupted, medial band which curves posteriorly to reach the posterolateral corners; tergite 3 with thin, interrupted, medial band which does not curve anteriorly; tergite 4 with similar but thinner band; sternite 1 shiny; sternites 2 to 4 pruinose, with indistinct spot of non-pruinosity posteromedially; pile of abdomen pale.

Unknown.

U.S.A.: California (Fig. 26). Known from three localities in the Sierra Nevada Range.

Recorded flying late April through mid-May.

Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the Greek pseudo (Brown 1956: 652) meaning false and sphex meaning wasp (Brown 1956: 652) and the latin mima (Brown 1956: 652) for mimic. The epithet referencing that it is one of the few non-wasp mimics of Sphecomyia.

U.S.A: California, Ventura Co., Ventura Mountains, Pine Mountain Creek, just south of Reyes Creek Campground, 34.677, −119.308, 1190 m.

Holotype male, pinned. Original label: “USA: California: Ventura Co. // Ventura Mountains, Pine Mountain // creek just S. of Reyes Cr. Cmpgrd. // 34.677° N, −119.308° W, elev 1190 m // at Prunus virginiana var. demisa // 29 April–1 May 2016 // J. N. Hogue, notes JNH# 526” “LACM ENT 342251”. [1♂, LACMENT342251, LACM]

Paratypes : U.S.A.: California, Arroyo Seco, 34.118483, −118.191733, C.D. Michener, 27.i.1935, CNC46969 (1♂, CNC); Monterey Co., Highway. 1, roadside canyon 3.5 km N Lucia, 36.0589, −121.5875, K.C. Holston, 15.v.2001, KMM0901 (1♀, CSCA); Riverside Co., Morongo Valley, 34.0451, −116.5668, W. Laidlaw, 28.iv.1972, JSS45129 (1♀, CAS); Riverside Co., Riverside, 33.9533, −117.3919, Salix lasiolepis, 26.ii.1933, UCRC428629; UCRC428631 (1♂,1♀, UCRC); San Bernardino Co., Big Morongo Canyon Preserve, 34.0507, −116.5694, J.H. Skevington, K. Moran, 25.iv.2016, CNC517072 (1♀, CNC); Ventura Co., Ventura Mountains, Pine Mountain Creek, just South of Reyes Creek Campground, 34.677, −119.308, 1190 m, Prunus virginiana var. demisa, A.M. Haberkern, 30.iv.2016, LACMENT342306 (1♂, USNM); J.N. Hogue, 29.iv–1.v.2016, LACMENT342252 (1♂, LACM).

Species similar to S. brevicornis and S. interrupta sp. n. but can be distinguished by the following characters: scutum with three pairs of pruinose vittae; cell c completely microtrichose; antenna possessing a 3:3:2 ratio of segments; frons pilose; anepimeron pruinose; anterior three-fourth of scutellum pruinose; medial facial vitta not interrupted by a macula of pruinosity on tubercle.

Male. Body length: 12.3–12.6 mm. Wing length: 8.9–9.6 mm. Head. Face yellow pruinose with shiny, black, medial vitta extending from oral margin to base of antenna; frons broad, about as long as broad at antenna, two-thirds as broad at vertex as at antenna, sparsely yellow pilose, with yellow pruinosity along posterior fourth; vertex triangular, longer than broad, shiny, with ocellar triangle black pilose; postocular border yellow pruinose; postocular pile black; occipital pile yellow; male narrowly dichoptic; antenna black, black pilose, length of segments roughly in a 3:3:2 ratio.

Thorax. Matte black; postpronotum yellow pilose; scutum yellow pilose, except with black pile posteromedially; scutellum, postalar callus, proepimeron, posterior anepisternum yellow pilose; posterior katepisternum yellow pilose with broadly separated patches; anterior anepimeron yellow pilose; metasternum yellow pilose; postpronotum, scutellum, broad posterior margin of anepisternum and dorso-posterior corner of katepisternum yellow pruinose; anepimeron yellow pruinose anteriorly; scutum with three pairs of pruinose vittae, anterior pair long running from anterior edge of scutum to transverse suture, posterior pair shorter and terminating before posterior edge and a small medial pair along the lateral margins of the scutum; ventral calypter with long yellow pile.

Legs. Fore femur, except for extreme apex, along with last two tarsi black; rest of leg yellow; midleg with femur except extreme apex, and last two tarsomeres, black; rest of leg reddish-yellow; hind leg reddish-yellow except last two tarsomeres black; legs yellow pilose, except black pilose on last three tarsomeres;

Wing. Hyaline; microtrichia absent from following areas: broad anterior margin of cell cua.

Abdomen. Tergites and sternites shiny to sub-shiny, black with yellow pruinose markings as follows: tergite 1 pruinose along posterior margin; tergite 2 with broad, interrupted, truncate medial band which meets a broad, uninterrupted posterior band in the posterolateral corners of tergite; tergite 3 with broad medial band, sometimes very narrowly interrupted, that joins with broad posterior band in two places creating a medial diamond-shaped spot of no pruinosity; pattern on tergite 4 same as tergite 3; sternites 1 to 4 completely pruinose; sternites 6 to 8 pruinose; pile of abdomen yellow.

Male genitalia. Surstylus elongated, about 2½ times as long as broad, apex acute, directed ventrally, with abrupt curve; pile on dorsal surface of surstylus, increasing in length posteriorly; minute spines on ventral surface and apical three-fourth of lateral inner and outer surface; basal fourth of the ventral surface of the surstylus produced into a lobe directed ventrally, with minute pubescence on ventral and lateral inner surface; cerci rounded, with invagination on posterior border; aedeagus as in Fig. 2K.

Similar to male except normal sexual dimorphism.

U.S.A.: California (Fig. 23). Lowland chaparral in southern California.

Collected visiting flowers of Salix lasiolepis Benth. and Prunus virginiana var. demisa (Nutt. ex Torr. and A. Gray) Torr. Recorded flying late January through mid-May.

Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the Latin sex (Brown 1956: 700), which means six, and the Latin fasciata (Brown 1956: 134), which means band or stripe. It references the three pairs of vittae on the scutum, a character unique within the genus Sphecomyia.

Species similar to S. aino or S. pseudosphecomima but can be distinguished by the following characters: cell c bare on basal two-thirds; ocellar triangle black pilose; silver-white pruinose; basiphallus as in Fig. 2L.

Male. Body length: 10.9–14.2 mm. Wing length: 8.4–9.0 mm. Head. Face silver-white pruinose with shiny, black, medial vitta extending from oral margin to base of antenna; frons broad, about as long as broad at antenna, two-thirds as broad at vertex as at antenna, bare, with silver-white pruinosity along posterior rim; vertex triangular, longer than broad, shiny, with ocellar triangle entirely, or at least mostly, black pilose; postocular border silver-white pruinose; postocular pile black; occipital pile pale; male narrowly dichoptic; antenna black, mostly black pilose, with length of segments roughly in a 3:3:2 ratio.

Thorax. Sub-shiny black; postpronotum pale pilose; scutum pale pilose, except with black pile posteromedially; scutellum, postalar callus, proepimeron, posterior anepisternum pale pilose; posterior katepisternum pale pilose with broadly separated patches; anterior anepimeron pale pilose; metasternum pale pilose; postpronotum, anterior eighth of scutellum, broad posterior margin of anepisternum and dorso-posterior corner of katepisternum silver-white pruinose; area between postpronota weakly silver-white pruinose, except shiny medially; anepimeron shiny; scutum without pruinose vittae; ventral calypter with long pale pile.

Legs. Foreleg black, except reddish-yellow at apex of femur; fore tarsi slightly broadened; midleg yellow, except basal four-fifths of femur and last two tarsomeres black; hind leg reddish-yellow, except last two tarsomeres black; legs pale pilose, except black pilose on fore tibia, fore tarsi, extreme apex of fore femur and last two mid and hind tarsomeres; hind coxa silver-white pruinose.

Wing. Hyaline; microtrichia absent from following areas: cell bc; basal two-thirds of cell c; basal fourth of cell sc; cell r₁ from base almost to crossvein r-m; broad basal portion of cell br (before origin of M) and about basal two-fifths of narrower portion of this cell (caudad of spurious vein only); cell bm, except apex and narrow anterior and posterior margins of about apical fourth; broad anterior margin of cell cua; narrow, elongate, oval area proximal to vein A₁.

Abdomen. Tergites and sternites shiny to sub-shiny, black with silver-white pruinosity as follows: tergite 1 pruinose posteriorly; tergite 2 with thin, interrupted, medial band which curves posteriorly to reach the posterolateral corners; tergite 3 with thin, interrupted, medial band which does not curve anteriorly; tergite 4 with similar but thinner band; sternite 1 weakly pruinose; sternites 2 and 3 pruinose on anterior third and sub-shiny on remainder; sternite 4 with anteromedial pruinose spots; pile of abdomen pale.

Male genitalia. Surstylus not elongated, about as long as broad, curving upward ventrally; pile on anterolateral outer surface of surstylus; minute spines on ventral surface and apical half of interior lateral surface; basal fourth of the ventral surface of the surstylus produced into a lobe directed anteriorly, with minute pubescence on ventral and lateral inner surface; cerci rounded, with no invagination on posterior border; aedeagus as in Fig. 2L.

Similar to male except normal sexual dimorphism.

Japan: Hokkaido, Honshu. Russia: Kuril Islands (Fig. 24).

Collected visiting flowers of Philadelphus satsumi Siebold ex Lindl. and J. Paxton. Recorded flying early June through mid-July.

See S. aino.

It can be confused with S. vittata but can be distinguished by the following characters: anepimeron not pruinose; anterior half of scutellum pruinose; sternite 2 completely black or with faint, interrupted, pruinose band anteriorly.

Male. Body length: 14.8–15.9 mm. Wing length: 10.4–12.1 mm. Head. Face yellow pruinose with shiny, black, medial vitta extending from oral margin to base of antenna; frons enlarged antero-dorsally, longer than broad and as broad at vertex as at antenna, bare, with yellow pruinosity along posterior rim; vertex triangular, longer than broad, shiny, with ocellar triangle yellow pilose; postocular border yellow pruinose; postocular and occipital pile yellow; male narrowly dichoptic; antenna black, black pilose, with length of segments roughly in a 4:4:1 ratio.

Thorax. Matte black; postpronotum, scutum, scutellum, postalar callus, proepimeron, posterior anepisternum yellow pilose; posterior katepisternum yellow pilose with broadly separated patches; anterior anepimeron yellow pilose; metasternum yellow pilose; postpronotum, anterior half of scutellum, broad posterior margin of anepisternum and dorso-posterior corner of katepisternum yellow pruinose; anepimeron shiny; scutum with two pairs of pruinose vittae, anterior pair long running from anterior edge of scutum to transverse suture, posterior pair shorter and terminating before posterior edge; ventral calypter with long yellow pile.

Legs. Legs yellow to reddish-yellow. Legs yellow pilose.

Wing. Hyaline; microtrichia absent from following areas: cell bc; broad basal portion of cell br (before origin of M) and about basal two-fifths of narrower portion of this cell (caudad of spurious vein only); cell bm anteromedially; broad anterior margin of cell cua.

Abdomen. Tergites and sternites shiny to sub-shiny, black with yellow pruinose markings as follows: tergite 1 pruinose along posterior margin; tergite 2 with broad, interrupted, narrowing medial band which does not meet a narrow, uninterrupted posterior band in the posterolateral corners of tergite; tergite 3 with similar band, but thinner and more narrowly interrupted; pattern on tergite 4 same as tergite 3 except medial band very narrowly or incompletely interrupted; sternite 1 shiny; sternite 2 completely black or with faint, interrupted band anteriorly; sternite 3 and 4 with uninterrupted, or narrowly interrupted band anteriorly; sternites 6 to 8 pruinose; pile of abdomen yellow.

Male genitalia. Surstylus elongated, about two and a half times as long as broad, apex cute, with abrupt curve, directed ventrally; pile on dorsal surface of surstylus, increasing in length posteriorly; minute spines on ventral surface and apical three-fourth of lateral inner and outer surface; basal fourth of the ventral surface of the surstylus produced into a lobe directed posteroventrally, with minute pubescence on ventral and lateral inner surface; cerci rounded, with invagination on posterior border; aedeagus as in Fig. 2M.

Similar to male except normal sexual dimorphism.

Often found in June or July along rivers and streams in Betula L./Pinus L. forest. Copulation has been observed on the trunk of Populus tremula L., Crataegus maximowiczii C.K.Schneid., Hesperis matronalis L., Pimpinella saxifraga L., Rubus idaeus L., Sorbus aucuparia L., and Spiraea salicifolia L. Immature stages are not described but are probably associated with sap-runs or lesions in the trunk of Populus tremula (Speight 2014).

Southern Norway to northern Sweden, Finland and Russian Karelia, the Baltic States, Poland, and throughout Siberia, reaching the Pacific coast (Fig. 24).

It can be confused with S. vespiformis but can be distinguished by the following characters: anepimeron pruinose; anterior three-fourths of scutellum pruinose; sternite 2 with anterior corners and lateral margins pruinose.

Male. Body length: 10.9–17.1 mm. Wing length: 7.9–12.1 mm. Head. Face yellow pruinose with shiny, black, medial vitta extending from oral margin to base of antenna; frons not enlarged antero-dorsally, longer than broad and as broad at vertex as at antenna, bare, with yellow pruinosity along posterior fourth; vertex triangular, longer than broad, shiny, with ocullar triangle yellow, black or mixed black and yellow pilose; postocular border yellow pruinose; postocular and occipital pile yellow; male narrowly dichoptic; antenna black, black pilose, with length of segments roughly in a 4:4:1 ratio.

Thorax. Matte black; postpronotum, scutum completely yellow pilose, except sometimes with black pile posteromedially; scutellum yellow pilose, except sometimes with black pile on non-pruinose portion; postalar callus, proepimeron, posterior anepisternum yellow pilose; posterior katepisternum yellow pilose with broadly separated patches; anterior anepimeron yellow pilose; metasternum yellow pilose; postpronotum, anterior three-fourths of scutellum, broad posterior margin of anepisternum, dorso-posterior corner of katepisternum and yellow pruinose; anepimeron pruinose anteriorly; scutum with two pairs of tear shaped pruinose vittae, anterior pair short stopping before transverse suture, posterior pair longer but terminating before posterior edge; ventral calypter with long yellow pile.

Legs. Legs yellow to reddish-yellow. Legs yellow pilose.

Wing. Hyaline; microtrichia absent from following areas: cell bc; basal third of cell sc; broad basal portion of cell br (before origin of M) and about basal two-fifths of narrower portion of this cell (caudad of spurious vein only); cell bm except apex and narrow posterior margins of about apical half; broad anterior margin of cell cua.

Abdomen. Tergites and sternites shiny to sub-shiny, black with yellow pruinose markings as follows: tergite 1 pruinose along posterior margin; tergite 2 with broad, interrupted, truncate medial band which meets a broad, uninterrupted, posterior band in the posterolateral corners of tergite; tergite 3 with similar band, but more narrowly interrupted; pattern on tergite 4 same as tergite 3 except medial band very narrowly or incompletely interrupted; sternite 1 shiny; sternite 2 with anterior corners and lateral margins pruinose; sternite 3 mostly pruinose with posteromedial region of non-pruinosity, sternite 4 pruinose on anterior third and lateral margins; sternites 6 to 8 pruinose; pile of abdomen yellow.

Male genitalia. Surstylus elongated, about 2½ times as long as broad, apex rounded, directed ventrally; pile on dorsal surface of surstylus, increasing in length posteriorly; minute spines on ventral surface and apical three-fourth of lateral inner and outer surface; basal fourth of the ventral surface of the surstylus produced into a lobe directed posteroventrally, with minute pubescence on ventral and lateral inner surface; cerci rounded, with invagination on posterior border; aedeagus as in Fig. 2N.

Similar to male except normal sexual dimorphism.

Manitoba east to New Brunswick south to Florida west to New Mexico and Utah. Widespread east of the Great Plains (Fig. 23).

Collected on flowers of Acer spicatum Lam., Alliaria petiolata (M. Beib.) Cavara and Grande, Corema (D. Don) sp., Cornus florida L., Crataegus marshallii Eggl., Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees, Prunus gracilis Engelm. and A. Gray, Prunus serotina Ehrh., Prunus virginiana L., Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott, Physocarpus opulifolius (L.) Maxim., Symplocos Jacq. sp., Corus sp., Viburnum cassinoides L., Viburnum lentago L., Viburnum prunifolium L., and Viburnum rafinesquianum Schult. Also collected at Acer L. sap runs. Usually collected in deciduous woods, often near a stream or river, but has also been taken in sphagnum bog. One female has been collected in leaves at base of a hardwood tree.

Known hilltopper. Authors have personally observed specimens flying in a lazy-S-type pattern similar to that of wasps. Recorded flying early March through late July.

Desmarest (1848) assigned the name Sphecomyia boscii to the specimens Latreille used to establish Sphecomyia. The name was forgotten until its rediscovery in Evenhuis and Thompson (1990). We do not assign a neotype as it is uncertain if the series is lost. It is not listed among the MNHN types, nor did the primary author encounter it during a visit to the collection.

COI barcoding recovered two clusters of S. vittata with a maximum barcode divergence barcode of 2.41%. Specimens of both clusters were compared, and no morphological differences were found.

U.S.A.: Arizona: Greenlee Co., Hannagan Meadows, 33.6392, −109.3263, 2743 m.

Holotype male, pinned. Original label: “Hannagan Meadows, 9000’ // Greenlee Co. ARIZ. // I.VII 1966 // R. F. Sternitzky” “CNC DIPTERA 91440”. [1♂, CNC_DIPTERA91440, CNC]

Paratypes: U.S.A.: Arizona: Apache Co., Alpine, 33.8481, −109.1431, 2438 m, R.F. Sternitzky, 27.vi.1966, CNC91439 (1♀, CNC); 3.vii.1966, CNC91438 (1♂, CNC); Apache Co., McNary, 34.0719 -109.8550, 2225 m, R.F. Sternitzky, 5.vii.1966, CNC91441 (1♀, CNC); CNC91442 (1♂, USNM); Cochise Co., Parker Canyon, Huachuca Mountains, 31.4278, −110.4519, 1585 m, R.F. Sternitzky, 25.vi.1966, CNC91443 (1♀, CNC).

It can be confused with S. columbiana, S. cryptica sp. n., S. dyari, S. hoguei sp. n., S. oraria sp. n., and S. pattonii but is easily distinguished by a scutellum with the anterior half pruinose.

Male. Body length: 13.6–14.6 mm. Wing length: 9.7–11.0 mm. Head. Face yellow pruinose with shiny, black, medial vitta extending from oral margin to base of antenna; frons broad, about as long as broad at antenna, two-thirds as broad at vertex as at antenna, bare, with yellow pruinosity along posterior three-fourths; vertex triangular, longer than broad, shiny, with ocellar triangle yellow pilose; postocular border yellow pruinose; postocular and occipital pile yellow; male narrowly dichoptic; antenna black, yellow pilose, length of segments roughly in a 3:3:2 ratio.

Thorax. Sub-shiny black; postpronotum, scutum, scutellum, postalar callus, proepimeron, posterior anepisternum yellow pilose; posterior katepisternum yellow pilose with broadly separated patches; anterior anepimeron yellow pilose; metasternum yellow pilose; postpronotum, anterior half of scutellum, broad posterior margin of anepisternum and dorso-posterior corner of katepisternum yellow pruinose; area between postpronota yellow pruinose, except shiny medially; anepimeron shiny; scutum without pruinose vittae; ventral calypter with long yellow pile.

Legs. Foreleg black, except extreme apex of femur and anterior third of tibia reddish-yellow; fore tarsi slightly broadened; midleg reddish-yellow, except basal four-fifths of femur and last two tarsomeres black; hind leg reddish-yellow, except last two tarsomeres black; legs yellow pilose, except fore tibia, fore tarsi, apex of fore femur black pilose; hind coxa yellow pruinose.

Wing. Hyaline; microtrichia absent from following areas: cell bc; broad basal portion of cell br (before origin of M) and about basal two-fifths of narrower portion of this cell (caudad of spurious vein only); cell bm except apex and narrow anterior and posterior margins of about apical fourth; broad anterior margin of cell cua.

Abdomen. Tergites and sternites shiny to sub-shiny black; with yellow pruinose markings as follows: tergite 1 pruinose along posterior margin; tergite 2 with broad, interrupted, truncate medial band which meets a narrow, uninterrupted posterior band in the posterolateral corners of tergite; tergite 3 with similar medial band, but more narrowly interrupted; pattern on tergite 4 same as tergite 3 except medial band very narrowly or incompletely interrupted; sternite 1 shiny; sternites 2 to 4 almost completely pruinose, with a triangular region of non-pruinosity posteromedially; sternites 6 to 8 pruinose; pile of abdomen and postabdomen yellow.

Male genitalia. Surstylus not elongated, about as long as broad, curving downward ventrally; pile on dorsal and apical fourth of lateral outer surface of surstylus; minute spines on ventral surface, with apical half of lateral inner surface also with spines; basal fourth of the ventral surface of the surstylus produced into a lobe directed anteriorly, with minute pubescence on ventral and lateral inner surface; cerci rounded, with no invagination on posterior border; aedeagus as in Fig. 2O.

Similar to male except normal sexual dimorphism.

Arizona (Fig. 26). Known from the Mogollon Rim and Madrean Sky Islands.

Recorded flying late June through early July.

Etymology. The specific epithet honors K. E. Weisman who published a series of four papers on Sphecomyia that summarized most of what was previously known about the genus.