Research Article |
Miao-Miao Li‡, Xian-Wei Liu§, Kai Li‡
|
Corresponding author: Kai Li ( kaili@admin.ecnu.edu.cn ) Academic editor: David Eades
© 2015 Miao-Miao Li, Xian-Wei Liu, Kai Li.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Li M-M, Liu X-W, Li K (2015) Review of the genus Apotrechus in China (Orthoptera, Gryllacrididae, Gryllacridinae). ZooKeys 482: 143-155. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.482.8713
|
 |
Abstract
In the present paper, the genus Apotrechus Brunner-Wattenwyl, 1888 is revised. Two new species from China are described and illustrated: Apotrechus quadratus sp. n. and Apotrechus truncatolobus sp. n.. A new key and the distributional data are given.
Keywords
Gryllacrididae , Gryllacridinae , Apotrechus , new species, China
Introduction
The genus Apotrechus was proposed by
So far, the genus Apotrechus includes nine species in the world, among them, A. unicolor Brunner-Wattenwyl, 1888, A. swinhoei (Griffini, 1909), and A. illawarra Rentz, 1990 are recorded in Australia; A. insolitus (Walker, 1869) is distributed in Vietnam and others are recorded in China. In this paper, tow new species of Apotrechus are identified and described, namely Apotrechus quadratus sp. n. and A. truncatolobus sp. n., which are distributed in Guangxi.
Material and methods
All specimens of the genus were collected by light-trapping and net-catching from China. Adult specimens were preserved in 70% ethanol in the field, then removed and dried in the lab. The specimens were observed with the help of a Leica MZ 12.5 dissecting microscope and illustrated with the aid of a drawing tube attached to the microscope. Line drawings were made with Adobe Illustrator CS 6 graphic software. The length of the body was measured mesaby the distance between apex of fastigium verticis and posterior margin of tenth abdominal tergite, ovipositor by distance between base of subgenital plate and apex of ovipositor; pronotum, tegmina and hind femora by distance between summit of base and apex. All lengths are presented in millimeters. The venation nomenclature used in this paper is based on the interpretation of
Taxonomy
Apotrechus
Apotrechus:
Type species
Apotrechus unicolor Brunner-Wattenwyl, 1888.
Generic diagnosis
Body small, wings absent. Fastigium of vertex rather wide than scape, without lateral carinae; frons smooth, ocelli inconspicuous. Fore and mid tibiae with 4–5 pairs of spurs on ventral surface, mid tibia without inner upper apical spur on dorsal surface. Hind tibia armless or with rather small spine on ventral surface. Subgenital plate of male without styli. Ovipositor rather short, upcurved.
Key to the Chinese species of the genus Apotrechus
| 1 | Fore and mid femora with black apical part | 2 |
| – | Fore and mid femora without black apical part | 5 |
| 2 | External margin of hind femur without spine; lobes of male subgenital plate with acute apex | A. trilobus Bian & Shi, 2014 |
| – | External margin of hind femur with spines | 3 |
| 3 | Body smaller, about 14–18 mm long | 4 |
| – | Body larger, about 23 mm long; hind margin of female subgenital plate slightly concave | A. quadratus sp. n. |
| 4 | Male 9th abdomenal tergite deeply excised; hind margin of female subgenital plate truncated | A. nigrigeniculatus Liu & Yin, 2002 |
| – | Male 9th abdomenal tergite shallowly excised; hind margin of female subgenital plate rounded | A. fallax Liu & Bi, 2008 |
| 5 | Frons without blackish longitudinal stripe; lobes of male 9th abdomenal tergite with roundly truncate apex | A. truncatolobus sp. n. |
| – | Frons with 2–3 blackish longitudinal stripes; lobes of male 9th abdomenal tergite with acute apex | 6 |
| 6 | Frons smooth | 7 |
| – | Frons sunken; dorsal side of hind tibia armed with 3 external and 2 internal spines | A. parvospinus (Liu & Yin, 2002) |
| 7 | Frons with 2 blackish longitudinal stripes; male subgenital plate with incurved lobes; female subgenital plate a bit broader than long | 8 |
| – | Frons with 3 blackish longitudinal stripes; male subgenital plate with straight lobes; female subgenital plate transverse, ovipositor with lateral lobes at base | A. transversus Liu et al., 2010 |
| 8 | Lobes of male subgenital plate with finger-shaped apex; ovipositor without lateral lobes at base | A. digitatus Liu & Bi, 2008 |
| – | Lobes of male subgenital plate with broadly rounded apex; ovipositor with lateral lobes at base | A. bilobus Guo & Shi, 2012 |
Apotrechus trilobus
Apotrechus trilobus:
Description
Male. Body medium sized. Wings absent. Fastigium of vertex rounded, about 2 times as wide as scape; eyes reniform, prominent; ocelli inconspicuous. Pronotum almost hexagon, paranota lower. Fore coxa with a spine, fore tibia on ventral surface with 5 pairs of spurs (included 1 pair of apical spurs); mid tibia without inner upper apical spur but with 4 pairs of spurs (included 1 pair of apical spurs) on ventral surface. Ventral surface of hind femur with 10–11 internal spines, but without external spine, hind tibia unarmed or with 1–2 minute spines on dorsal surface, bearing 3 pairs of apical spurs. 9th abdominal tergite divided into two lobes, which bearing spine-like apex pointing downwards, epiproct medially furrowed (Fig.
Female. Unknown.
Coloration
Body infuscate. Fastigium of vertex with darkish black longitudinal band; frons with 3 blackish longitudinal stripes, middle stripe broad, not connected with the longitudinal band of fastigium of vertex (Figs
Measurements
Material
1♂, Yunnan, Pingbian, Yuping, 2000m, 20.V.2009, Xian-Wei Liu et al. leg.
Distribution
China: Yunnan.
Apotrechus quadratus , sp. n.
Description
Female. Body large. Wings apterous. Fastigium of vertex roundly projected, about 2 times as wide as scape; eyes reniform, produced; ocelli faintly. Pronotum almost hexagon, lateral lobes longer than high. Fore coxa with a spine, fore tibia on ventral surface with 5 pairs of spurs (included 1 pair of apical spurs) but without inner upper apical spur; mid tibia on ventral surface with 4 pairs of spurs (included 1 pair of apical spurs). Hind femur on ventral surface armed 8 internal spines and 1–3 external spines; hind tibia on dorsal surface bearing 6 pairs of rather small spines and 2 pairs of apical spurs. Cerci shorter, conical; subgenital plate broad, square, and hind margin slightly concave (Fig.
Male. Unknown.
Coloration
Body yellowish brown. Fastigium of vertex with 2 pairs of darkish black longitudinal bands; frons with 3 blackish longitudinal spots; inner margin of basal antenna and first segment with blackish spots. Lateral and fore margin of pronotum black, in the middle with a darkish black vertical stripe. Mesonotum and metanotum also with a black spot at middle parts (Figs
Measurements
Material
Holotype ♀, Guangxi, Xing’an, Maoer Mountain, 1700–2100m, 30.VII–6.VIII. 2013, Xian-Wei Liu et al. leg.
Distribution
China: Guangxi.
Diagnosis
This new species is closely related to A. nigrigeniculatus Liu & Yin, 2002, but differs mainly in the the latter in body larger and subgenital plate of female with hind margin slightly concave.
Etymology
The specific epithet referrers to shape of female subgenital plate.
Apotrechus nigrigeniculatus
Apotrechus nigrigeniculatus:
Measurements
Material
Distribution
China: Sichuan.
Apotrechus fallax
Apotrechus fallax:
Measurements
Material
1♀, Guizhou, Leigongshan, 1620–2178m, 2.VIII.2004, Pian Xu leg.; 1♂, Guizhou, Leigong Mountain, 1000–1100m, 2–3.VI.2005, Zheng-Guang Zhang leg.; 2♂♂, Guizhou, Jiangkou, Fanjingshan, 1200–1800m, 6.VIII.2014, Miao-Miao Li & Mei-Ling Sun leg..
Distribution
China: Guizhou.
Apotrechus truncatolobus , sp. n.
Description
Male. Body medium sized. Wings absent. Fastigium of vertex rounded, about 2 times as wide as scape; eyes ovoid, prominent, ocelli inconspicuous. Cephalic margin of pronotum slightly projected, posterior margin slightly truncated, lateral lobes lower. Fore coxa with a spine, fore tibia on ventral surface with 5 pairs of spurs (included 1 pair of apical spurs); mid tibia without inner upper apical spur but on ventral surface with 4 pairs of spurs (included 1 pair of apical spurs); hind tibia without spine or on dorsal surface with 1–2 minute spines, with 3 pairs of apical spurs. Hind femur with 10–12 internal spines and 7–8 external spines on ventral surface. Lobes of 9th abdominal tergite with roundly truncated apex (Fig.
Female. Cerci short, conical; subgenital plate strongly transverse, with straight hind margin and rounded posterio-lateral corner (Fig.
Coloration
Body yellowish brown, occiput slightly with darkish black. Frons without blackish longitudinal stripes; dorsal margin of abdominal with a darkish black longitudinal band in the middle (Fig.
Measurements
Material
Holotype ♂, paratype 1♂1♀, Guangxi, Wuming, Daming Mountain, 1200m, 28–31.VII.2012, Wen-Xuan Bi leg.
Distribution
China: Guangxi.
Diagnosis
This new species almost the same as its congeners, but the frons without blackish longitudinal stripe; lobes of male 9th abdominal tergite with roundly truncate apex.
Etymology
The specific epithet referrers roundly truncate lobes of male 9th abdominal tergite.
Apotrechus parvospinus
Eremus parvospinus:
Apotrechus parvospinus:
Measurements
Material
Distribution
China: Guangxi.
Apotrechus transversus
Apotrechus transversus:
Measurements
Material
1♂1♀, Zhejiang, Longquan, Fengyanshan, 1400m, 27.VII.2007, Qiang Fu leg.; 2♀♀, Zhejiang, Longquan, Fengyanshan, Huangmaojian, 1500–1900m, 31.VII–2.VIII.2008, Xian-Wei Liu & Wen-Xuan Bi.
Distribution
China: Zhejiang.
Apotrechus digitatus
Apotrechus digitatus:
Measurements
Material
1♀1♂, Guizhou, Leigong Mountain, 1620–2178m, 2.VIII.2004, Kai Yan & De-Yan Ge leg.
Distribution
China: Guizhou.
Apotrechus bilobus
Apotrechus bilobus:
Measurements
Material
Distribution
China: Zhejiang.
Acknowledgements
We thank Han-Qiang Wang & Li Dai for their help with the manuscript; we are grateful to all collectors of the specimens recorded in this paper. This research was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai, China (No. 14ZR1413000), The Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China (Grant No. 2005DKA21402) and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XXH12504-1-03).
References
- Bian X, Wang S-Y, Shi F-M (2014) One new species of the Genus Apotrechus (Orthoptera: Gryllacrididae), with provided morphological photographs for five Chinese species. Zootaxa 3884(4): 379–386. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.3884.4.7
- Brunner von Wattenwyl C (1888) Monograohie der Stenopelmatiden und Gryllacriden. Verhandlungen der Zoologisch-botanischen in Wien 38: 247–349.
- Eades DC, Otte D, Naskrecki P, Cigliano MM (2014) Orthoptera Species File Online (Version 5.0). http://orthoptera.speciesfile.org/Common/basic/Taxa.aspx?TaxonNameID=1130971 [accessed Mar. 2014]
- Griffini A (1909) Studi sui Grillacridi del Museo di Oxford. Parte Ia, specie etiopiche, indo-malesi ed australiane. Atti della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano 47: 300–338.
- Guo L-Y, Shi F-M (2012) Notes on the genus Apotrechus (Orthoptera: Gryllacrididae: Gryllacridinae). Zootaxa 3177: 52–58.
- Karny HH (1937) Orthoptera fam. Gryllacrididae. Gener Insectorum 206: 82.
- Kirby WF (1906) A Synonymic Catalogue of Orthoptera. 2. British Museum (Natural History), London, 562 pp.
- Liu X-W, Yin H-S (2002) Two new species of Gryllacridinae from China (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatidae). Zoological Research 23(5): 417–418.
- Liu X-W, Bi W-X (2008) Two new species of the genus Apotrechus (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatidae: Gryllacrinae). Entomotaxonomia 30(1): 11–14.
- Liu X-W, Bi W-X, Zhang F (2010) Orthoptera: Stenopelmatoidea. In: Xu H-C, Ye T-X (Eds) Insects of Fengyangshan National Nature Reserve.China Forestry Publishing House, Beijing, 53–68.
- Rentz DCF, John B (1990) Studies in Australian Gryllacrididae: Taxonomy, biology, ecology and cytology. Invertebrate Taxonomy 3(8): 1053–1210. doi: 10.1071/IT9891053
- Walker F (1869) Catalogue of the specimens of DermapteraSaltatoria and supplement to Blattariae in the Collection of the British Museum. British Museum (Natural History), London, 224 pp.