Latest Articles from ZooKeys Latest 10 Articles from ZooKeys https://zookeys.pensoft.net/ Fri, 29 Mar 2024 08:14:19 +0200 Pensoft FeedCreator https://zookeys.pensoft.net/i/logo.jpg Latest Articles from ZooKeys https://zookeys.pensoft.net/ An annotated checklist of the eukaryotic parasites of humans, exclusive of fungi and algae https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/67403/ ZooKeys 1069: 1-313

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1069.67403

Authors: Blaine A. Mathison, Sarah G. H. Sapp

Abstract: The classification of “parasites” in the medical field is a challenging notion, a group which historically has included all eukaryotes exclusive of fungi that invade and derive resources from the human host. Since antiquity, humans have been identifying and documenting parasitic infections, and this collective catalog of parasitic agents has expanded considerably with technology. As our understanding of species boundaries and the use of molecular tools has evolved, so has our concept of the taxonomy of human parasites. Consequently, new species have been recognized while others have been relegated to synonyms. On the other hand, the decline of expertise in classical parasitology and limited curricula have led to a loss of awareness of many rarely encountered species. Here, we provide a comprehensive checklist of all reported eukaryotic organisms (excluding fungi and allied taxa) parasitizing humans resulting in 274 genus-group taxa and 848 species-group taxa. For each species, or genus where indicated, a concise summary of geographic distribution, natural hosts, route of transmission and site within human host, and vectored pathogens are presented. Ubiquitous, human-adapted species as well as very rare, incidental zoonotic organisms are discussed in this annotated checklist. We also provide a list of 79 excluded genera and species that have been previously reported as human parasites but are not believed to be true human parasites or represent misidentifications or taxonomic changes.

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Checklist Tue, 9 Nov 2021 15:08:25 +0200
Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of Brentisentis yangtzensis Yu & Wu, 1989 (Acanthocephala, Illiosentidae) https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/34809/ ZooKeys 861: 1-14

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.861.34809

Authors: Rui Song, Dong Zhang, Jin-Wei Gao, Xiao-Fei Cheng, Min Xie, Hong Li, Yuan-An Wu

Abstract: The mitogenome of Brentisentis yangtzensis is 13,864 bp in length and has the circular structure typical of metazoans. It contains 36 genes: 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), two ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs) and 12 protein-encoding genes (PCGs). All genes are transcribed from the same strand. Thirteen overlapping regions were found in the mitochondrial genome. The overall A+T content of B. yangtzensis is 68.3% versus 31.7% of G+C content (A = 27.8%, T = 40.5%, C = 9.0%, G = 22.7%). B. yangtzenensis (Illiosentidae) and Leptorhynchoides thecatus (Rhadinorhynchidae) form a sister clade, showing the relatively close relationship between the Illiosentidae and the Rhadinorhynchidae. The mitochondrial gene arrangements of acanthocephalan species are relatively conserved, with only a few translocations of tRNAs (trnS1, trnS2, trnV, and trnK) detected. An identical gene order was found both in a sister clade (Centrorhynchus aluconis and Plagiorhynchus transversus) and across different classes (B. yangtzensis (Palaeacanthocephala), Acanthosentis cheni (Eoacanthocephala) and Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus (Archiacanthocephala), Oncicola luehei and L. thecatus (Palaeacanthocephala)). More studies and more sequences of acanthocephalan species are needed to gain a clear understanding of the phylogenetic relationships.

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Research Article Mon, 8 Jul 2019 21:44:24 +0300
Checklist of acanthocephalan parasites of South Africa https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/27710/ ZooKeys 789: 1-18

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.789.27710

Authors: Ali Halajian, Lesley R. Warner, Sareh Tavakol, Nico J. Smit, Wilmien J. Luus-Powell

Abstract: Twenty-one species of acanthocephalans, representative of thirteen genera from ten families of seven orders and three classes, are included in this updated checklist of acanthocephalans in South Africa. Although South Africa appears to have a less diverse acanthocephalan fauna compared to some other countries such as Iran in Asia, or Brazil in South America, this is probably an artefact of fewer parasitological surveys.

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Checklist Wed, 10 Oct 2018 10:40:13 +0300
Type material of Acanthocephala, Nematoda and other non-helminths phyla (Cnidaria, Annelida, and Arthropoda) housed in the Helminthological Collection of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute/ FIOCRUZ (CHIOC), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 1979 to 2016 https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/14753/ ZooKeys 711: 1-52

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.711.14753

Authors: Daniela A. Lopes, Delir Corrêa Gomes, Marcelo Knoff

Abstract: The third part of the catalogue of type material in the Helminthological Collection of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute/FIOCRUZ (CHIOC), comprising types deposited between 1979 and 2016, is presented to complement the first list of all types that was published in 1979. This part encompasses Acanthocephala, Nematoda and the other non-helminth phyla Cnidaria, Annelida, and Arthropoda. Platyhelminthes was covered in the first (Monogenoidea) and second (RhabditophoraTrematoda and Cestoda) parts of the catalogue published in September 2016 and March 2017, respectively. The present catalogue comprises type material for 116 species distributed across five phyla, nine classes, 50 families, and 80 genera. Specific names are listed systematically, followed by type host, infection site, type locality, and specimens with their collection numbers and references. Species classification and nomenclature are updated.

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Catalogue Mon, 23 Oct 2017 22:39:49 +0300
A checklist of helminth parasites of Elasmobranchii in Mexico https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/6067/ ZooKeys 563: 73-128

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.563.6067

Authors: Aldo Iván Merlo-Serna, Luis García-Prieto

Abstract: A comprehensive and updated summary of the literature and unpublished records contained in scientific collections on the helminth parasites of the elasmobranchs from Mexico is herein presented for the first time. At present, the helminth fauna associated with Elasmobranchii recorded in Mexico is composed of 132 (110 named species and 22 not assigned to species), which belong to 70 genera included in 27 families (plus 4 incertae sedis families of cestodes). These data represent 7.2% of the worldwide species richness. Platyhelminthes is the most widely represented, with 128 taxa: 94 of cestodes, 22 of monogeneans and 12 of trematodes; Nematoda and Annelida: Hirudinea are represented by only 2 taxa each. These records come from 54 localities, pertaining to 15 states; Baja California Sur (17 sampled localities) and Baja California (10), are the states with the highest species richness: 72 and 54 species, respectively. Up to now, 48 elasmobranch species have been recorded as hosts of helminths in Mexico; so, approximately 82% of sharks and 67% of rays distributed in Mexican waters lack helminthological studies. The present list provides the host, distribution (with geographical coordinates), site of infection, accession number in scientific collections, and references for the parasites. A host-parasite list is also provided.

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Checklist Mon, 15 Feb 2016 02:30:40 +0200
Complete mitochondrial DNA sequence of the endangered fish (Bahaba taipingensis): Mitogenome characterization and phylogenetic implications https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/5964/ ZooKeys 546: 181-195

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.546.5964

Authors: Linlin Zhao, Tianxiang Gao, Weihua Lu

Abstract: To understand the systematic status of Bahaba taipingensis within Sciaenidae, the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) sequence of Chinese bahaba has recently been determined by long PCR and primer walking methods. The complete mitochondrial genome is 16500 bp in length and contains 37 mitochondrial genes (13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes and 22 transfer RNA genes) as well as a control region (CR) as other bony fishes. Within the control region, we identified the extended termination associated sequence domain (ETAS), the central conserved sequence block domain (CSB-D, SCB-E and CSB-F) and the conserved sequence block domain (CSB-1, CSB-2 and CSB-3). Phylogenetic analyses revealed that B. taipingensis is more closely related to Pseudosciaeniae than Argyrosominae and Sciaeninae. Additionally, B. taipingensis is the sister taxon of Miichthys miiuy, and those two are sister to Collichthys plus Larimichthys.

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Research Article Wed, 16 Dec 2015 16:34:38 +0200
Helminths of three species of opossums (Mammalia, Didelphidae) from Mexico https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/5565/ ZooKeys 511: 131-152

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.511.9571

Authors: Karla Acosta-Virgen, Jorge López-Caballero, Luis García-Prieto, Rosario Mata-López

Abstract: From August 2011 to November 2013, 68 opossums (8 Didelphis sp., 40 Didelphis virginiana, 15 Didelphis marsupialis, and 5 Philander opossum) were collected in 18 localities from 12 Mexican states. A total of 12,188 helminths representing 21 taxa were identified (6 trematodes, 2 cestodes, 3 acanthocephalans and 10 nematodes). Sixty-six new locality records, 9 new host records, and one species, the trematode Brachylaima didelphus, is added to the composition of the helminth fauna of the opossums in Mexico. These data, in conjunction with previous records, bring the number of taxa parasitizing the Mexican terrestrial marsupials to 41. Among these species, we recognized a group of helminths typical of didelphids in other parts of the Americas. This group is constituted by the trematode Rhopalias coronatus, the acanthocephalan Oligacanthorhynchus microcephalus and the nematodes Cruzia tentaculata, Gnathostoma turgidum, and Turgida turgida. In general, the helminth fauna of each didelphid species showed a stable taxonomic composition with respect to previously sampled sites. This situation suggests that the rate of accumulation of helminth species in the inventory of these 3 species of terrestrial marsupials in the Neotropical portion of Mexico is decreasing; however, new samplings in the Nearctic portion of this country will probably increase the richness of the helminthological inventory of this group of mammals.

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Checklist Thu, 2 Jul 2015 00:00:00 +0300
The systematics of Echinorhynchus Zoega in Müller, 1776 (Acanthocephala, Echinorhynchidae) elucidated by nuclear and mitochondrial sequence data from eight European taxa https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/4790/ ZooKeys 484: 25-52

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.484.9132

Authors: Matthew T. Wayland, Jouni K. Vainio, David I. Gibson, Elisabeth A. Herniou, D. Timothy J. Littlewood, Risto Väinölä

Abstract: The acanthocephalan genus Echinorhynchus Zoega in Müller, 1776 (sensuYamaguti 1963) is a large and widespread group of parasites of teleost fish and malacostracan crustaceans, distributed from the Arctic to the Antarctic in habitats ranging from freshwaters to the deep-sea. A total of 52 species are currently recognised based on the conventional morphological species concept; however, the true diversity in the genus is masked by cryptic speciation. The considerable diversity within Echinorhynchus is an argument for subdividing the genus if monophyletic groups with supporting morphological characters can be identified. With this objective in mind, partial sequences of two genes with different rates of evolution and patterns of inheritance (nuclear 28S rRNA and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) were used to infer the phylogenetic relationships among eight taxa of Echinorhynchus. These included representatives of each of three genus group taxa proposed in a controversial revision of the genus based on cement gland pattern, namely Echinorhynchus (sensu stricto), Metechinorhynchus Petrochenko, 1956 and Pseudoechinorhynchus Petrochenko, 1956. These groupings have previously been rejected by some authorities, because the diagnostic character is poorly defined; this study shows that Echinorhynchus (sensu stricto) and Metechinorhynchus are not natural, monophyletic groups. A revision of Echinorhynchus will require tandem molecular phylogenetic and morphological analyses of a larger sample of taxa, but this study has identified two morhological characters that might potentially be used to define new genera. The estimated phylogeny also provides insight into the zoogeographical history of Echinorhynchus spp. We postulate that the ancestral Echinorhynchus had a freshwater origin and the genus subsequently invaded the sea, probably several times. The freshwater taxa of the E. bothniensis Zdzitowiecki & Valtonen, 1987 clade may represent a reinvasion of freshwater by one or more ancestral marine species.

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Research Article Thu, 26 Feb 2015 00:00:00 +0200
The oribatid mite subgenus Galumna (Galumna) (Acari, Oribatida, Galumnidae) in the Philippines https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/4216/ ZooKeys 452: 1-13

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.452.8212

Authors: Sergey Ermilov, Leonila Corpuz-Raros, Andrey Tolstikov

Abstract: Five species of the subgenus Galumna (Galumna) (Acari, Oribatida, Galumnidae) are registered in the Philippine oribatid mite fauna. A new species, G. (G.) makilingensissp. n., is described; it is most similar morphologically to G. (G.) tokyoensis Aoki, 1966, but differs from the latter by the morphology of porose areas Aa and Ap, rostral setae, and length of interlamellar setae. Three species, G. (G.) crenata Deb & Raychaudhuri, 1975, G. (G.) cf. exigua Sellnick, 1925 and G. (G.) khoii Mahunka, 1989, are recorded in the Philippines for the first time. The species G. (G.) crenata is redescribed. An identification key to the Philippine species of Galumna (Galumna) is given.

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Research Article Tue, 4 Nov 2014 00:00:00 +0200
Acanthocephalans of the nominotypical subgenus of Plagiorhynchus (Plagiorhynchidae) from charadriiform birds in the collection of the Natural History Museum, London, with a key to the species of the subgenus https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/1969/ ZooKeys 6: 75-90

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.6.94

Authors: Zlatka Dimitrova

Abstract: Specimens of three species of the nominotypical subgenus of Plagiorhynchus Lühe, 1911 (Acanthocephala, Plagiorhynchidae) are deposited in the Parasitic Worms Collection of the Natural History Museum, London. Two of these species are from birds collected in the United Kingdom: Plagiorhynchus (Plagiorhynchus) crassicollis (Villot, 1875) from Charadrius hiaticula L. and P. (P.) odhneri Lundström, 1942 from C. hiaticula and Haematopus ostralegus L. The third species, P. (P.) charadrii (Yamaguti, 1939), is from Charadrius alexandrinus nihonensis Deignan in the Pescadore Islands (near Taiwan). Since the morphology of the three species is poorly known, these specimens are described and figured and any variation is commented upon. A key to the species of the subgenus Plagiorhynchus is presented.

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Research Article Wed, 11 Mar 2009 00:00:00 +0200