2urn:lsid:arphahub.com:pub:45048D35-BB1D-5CE8-9668-537E44BD4C7Eurn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:91BD42D4-90F1-4B45-9350-EEF175B1727AZooKeysZK1313-29891313-2970Pensoft Publishers10.3897/zookeys.711.1475314753CatalogueAcanthocephalaAnimaliaAnnelidaArthropodaClitellataCnidariaCopepodaEunicidaIncertae sedisInvertebrataMaxillopodaNemataPolychaetaRhynchobdellidaCatalogues and ChecklistsAfricaAmericasType material of Acanthocephala, Nematoda and other non-helminths phyla (Cnidaria, Annelida, and Arthropoda) housed in the Helminthological Collection of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute/ FIOCRUZ (CHIOC), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 1979 to 2016LopesDaniela A.1GomesDelir Corrêa1KnoffMarceloknoffm@ioc.fiocruz.br1Laboratório de Helmintos Parasitos de Vertebrados, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil, 4365 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrazilInstituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZRio de JaneiroBrazil
201723102017711152FFC4FE3C-FFAA-FF87-F42F-FF91FFACFFC3D94E8B43-C7A7-4473-86D4-FFBFAD6852DC11499482806201708082017Daniela A. Lopes, Delir Corrêa Gomes, Marcelo KnoffThis is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.http://zoobank.org/D94E8B43-C7A7-4473-86D4-FFBFAD6852DC
The third part of the catalogue of type material in the Helminthological Collection of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute/FIOCRUZ (CHIOC), comprising types deposited between 1979 and 2016, is presented to complement the first list of all types that was published in 1979. This part encompasses Acanthocephala, Nematoda and the other non-helminth phyla Cnidaria, Annelida, and Arthropoda. Platyhelminthes was covered in the first (Monogenoidea) and second (RhabditophoraTrematoda and Cestoda) parts of the catalogue published in September 2016 and March 2017, respectively. The present catalogue comprises type material for 116 species distributed across five phyla, nine classes, 50 families, and 80 genera. Specific names are listed systematically, followed by type host, infection site, type locality, and specimens with their collection numbers and references. Species classification and nomenclature are updated.
Lopes DA, Gomes DC, Knoff M (2017) Type material of Acanthocephala, Nematoda and other non-helminths phyla (Cnidaria, Annelida, and Arthropoda) housed in the Helminthological Collection of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute/ FIOCRUZ (CHIOC), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 1979 to 2016. ZooKeys 711: 1–52. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.711.14753
Introduction
The century-old Helminthological Collection of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute/FIOCRUZ (CHIOC), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, contains helminths that form part of the fauna of Brazil, and other countries, and are from a wide range of hosts captured in a variety of different biomes. The samples are holotypes, paratypes, and representative specimens of Platyhelminthes, Acanthocephala, Nematoda, and other non-helminth phyla. The CHIOC holds around 38,400 samples of helminth parasites from South America and other continents, and represents the largest such collection in Latin America and one of the largest collections worldwide (Rego 1982, Knoff et al. 2010). Details about the history and composition of CHIOC were presented in Lopes et al. (2016).
The first catalogue of all type material held in the CHIOC recorded 719 types of helminths (only holotypes or type series): 408 nematodes, 216 digenetic trematodes, 11 monogenoids, 52 acanthocephalans, 28 cestodes, and four of pentastomids (Rego et al. 1979). Since its publication, the collection has grown substantially with the number of types increasing significantly as well. Recently, Lopes et al. (2016, 2017) published another catalogue listing 203 type species of Monogenoidea and 104 type species of the other three classes of platyhelminths (Rhabditophora, Trematoda, and Cestoda). Thus, the present catalogue is the third list of type species held in this collection, and encompasses those of Acanthocephala, Nematoda, and the non-helminth phyla Cnidaria, Annelida and Arthropoda that have been deposited in CHIOC since 1979. The purpose of this article is to inform the scientific community about the types deposited in CHIOC as of December 1, 2016, and follows the articles of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1999).
Materials and methods
The specimens are stored in glass or plastic vials in 70% ethanol (with or without 5% glycerin), 4–10% formaldehyde (with or without 2% acetic acid), 70% ethanol-formaldehyde-acetic acid (AFA) or as microscope slide preparations. All the material is available for consultation, but holotypes are not loaned. Unless otherwise stated, all type material is in good condition.
The catalogue is arranged taxonomically as phyla, classes, orders, families, genera, and species, under the original spelling and combinations. Phyla and classes are arranged phylogenetically, starting with helminth phyla. Orders, families, genera, and species are arranged alphabetically. The information on each entry is presented in the following format:
1. Original genus-species combination with author(s) and year of publication. An asterisk (*) denotes the type species of the genus.
2. Type host: updated scientific name, author(s) and year, with original scientific name in square brackets (when changed), followed by principal taxonomic group in parentheses.
3. Infection site in the host.
4. Type locality: country, province or state, department, specific locality and coordinates (if available).
5. Primary type status: sex (if applicable/ possible), CHIOC catalog number. Categories for types follow articles 73–75 of the Code (ICZN 1999).
6. Remark sections are inserted when necessary and include additional information about host, locality, or status of the types.
7. References include publications in which the species was described and those that mention type specimens in the CHIOC.
The valid names adopted for parasitized hosts follow specific bibliographies. Diplopod names are in accordance with Pérez-Asso (1996); beetles with Boucher (2005); crustaceans with Young (1998); fishes with Froese and Pauly (2016); amphibians with Frost (2016); reptiles with Uetz et al. (2016); birds with Lepage and Warnier (2014); and mammals with Wilson and Reeder (2005). Mention of acanthocephalans, nematodes, myxozoans, annelids, copepods, and host species in this list does not imply that the authors of the present report agree with their validity or taxonomy. Some species catalogued have been synonymized and the comments about their taxonomy are provided in the remark sections. The higher classification of Acanthocephala follows Amin (1985, 2013); Nematoda follows De Ley and Blaxter (2002, 2004); Myxozoa follows Fiala et al. (2015); Annelida follows Beesley et al. (2000) and Sawyer (1986); and Copepoda follows Martin and Davis (2001). The classification of families and genera follows specific references.
Abbreviation list
BMNHBritish Museum of Natural History, Collection at the Department of Zoology, Natural History Museum, London, England;
CHFC Helminthological Collection of the Science College, University of the Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay;
CHIBB Reference Helminthological Collection of the Parasitology Department, Bioscience Institute, Paulista State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil;
CHIOCHelminthological Collection of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;
CHIP–URG Helminthological Collection of the Laboratory of Ichthyoparasitology, University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil;
CHMLP/MLPHelminthological Collection of the Museum of La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina;
CMNPACanadian Museum of Nature Invertebrate Collections-Parasites, Ottawa, Canada;
CNHE National Collection of Helminths, Institute of Biology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico;
CZACCHelminthological Collection of the Zoological Collections, Institute of Ecology and Systematic, Havana, Cuba;
FCAV/UNESP Helminthological Collection of the Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Paulista State University, São Paulo, Brazil;
HWMLHarold W. Manter Laboratory, University of Nebraska State Museum, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA;
INPANational Institute for Amazon Research, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil;
IPCAS/IPCR/ASCR Institute of Parasitology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, České Budějovice, Czech Republic;
MNHN/INVENational Museum of Natural History, Paris, France;
MNRJCarcinological Collection of the National Museum of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;
RITRoyal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium;
RMCACollection of the Royal Museum of Central Africa, Tervuren, Belgium;
USNMUnited States National Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C, USA;
USNPCUnited States National Parasitological Collection, Beltsville, Maryland, USA.
Results and discussion
This database and bibliographic survey provides the diversity types of Acanthocephala, Nematoda and other non-helminth phyla, such as Cnidaria (Myxozoa), Annelida (Polychaeta and Hirudinea) and Arthropoda (Copepoda), in CHIOC, from Brazil and other countries of the world, for a period of more than 35 years of parasitological studies. This catalogue adds 38 primary types of Acanthocephala, represented by eight species distributed among eight families and eight genera; approximately 420 primary types of Nematoda, represented by 99 species, distributed across 36 families and 64 genera; four primary types of Myxozoa, represented by one family, two genera and two species; eight primary types of one species of Polychaeta and six primary types of one species of Hirudinea; and 22 primary types of Copepoda, represented by five species, distributed in three families, and four genera. The most representative families were the nematode families Cucullanidae, with 18 species, followed by Pharyngodonidae, with seven.
One hundred and sixteen parasites of 101 species of vertebrate and eight species of invertebrate hosts were catalogued. The invertebrate hosts were beetles, diplopods, and crustaceans. Most of the type species recorded (47%) were parasites of bony fishes, such as those of Monogenoidea, Trematoda, and Cestoda (Lopes et al. 2016, 2017). Only one species was a parasite of cartilaginous fishes. The hosts of parasite species of Tetrapoda were frogs, birds, reptiles, and mammals. Cricetidae (Rodentia) was the host family that exhibited the greatest diversity of parasites, with ten species.
Among the Acanthocephala listed, five species were parasites of bony fishes, one species was a parasite of frogs (Bufonidae), one species was a parasite of birds (Phalacrocoracidae), and one species was a parasite of crab-eating foxes (Canidae). Among the nematodes, five species were parasites of beetles (Passalidae) and two were parasites of diplopods (Rhinocricidae and Spirobolellidae). Species of nematode parasites of fishes included 41 of bony fishes and only one of cartilaginous fishes (Arhynchobatidae). Three nematode species were parasites of frogs (Bufonidae). The nematodes parasites of reptiles included five species parasitic on the suborder Autarchoglossa (Gymnophthalmidae, Scincidae and Teiidae), five parasites of snakes (Boidae, Colubridae, and Viperidae), and three parasites of lizards (Hoplocercidae, Liolaemidae, and Tropiduridae). Nine nematode species were parasites of birds (Ardeidae, Bucconidae, Cuculidae, Dendrocolaptidae, Opisthocomidae, Threskiornithidae, Tinamidae, and Tyrannidae). Species of nematode parasites of mammals included 16 parasites of rodents (Caviidae, Cricetidae, Dasyproctidae, Echimyidae, and Muridae), four parasites of the order Carnivora (Canidae, Felidae, and Mustelidae), two parasites of armadillos (Dasypodidae), two parasites of opossums (Didelphidae), and one parasite of bats (Molossidae). Myxozoans and copepods parasitized bony fishes. The single polychaeta species was a parasite of freshwater crayfish (Parastacidae) and the single Hirudinea species was a parasite of turtles (Podocnemididae).
Most of the species catalogued were collected in Brazil (88%), coming from all regions of the country. Other countries with cataloged material are from America (United States, Mexico, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Bolivia, and Argentina), the Caribbean (Cuba) and Africa (Democratic Republic of Congo). This third part of the catalogue of type material housed in CHIOC from 1979 to 2016 includes, in total, 423 species of parasites from 251 different hosts caught in almost all Brazilian states, and almost all continents, with the exception of the Middle East and Oceania (Lopes et al. 2016, 2017). Most of the deposits were made by Brazilian researchers, but foreigners also made a significant contribution, expanding and diversifying the country’s known parasitological heritage. All these data testify to the importance of CHIOC and its recognition on the world stage as a depositary, and serve as testimony of helminth parasite biodiversity, thereby placing CHIOC among the most significant collections of the world.
List of type speciesPhylum Acanthocephala Kohlreuther, 1771Class Archiacanthocephala Meyer, 1931Order Oligacanthorhynchida Petrochenko, 1956Oligacanthorhynchidae Southwell & Macfie, 1925Prosthenorchis Travassos, 1915AnimaliaOligacanthorhynchidaOligacanthorhynchidae52410E3D-5619-5A9D-8D8A-259C0CBD3369ProsthenorchiscerdocyonisGomes, Olifiers, Souza, Barbosa, D’Andrea, & Maldonado Jr., 2015Type host.
Brazil, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Nhumirim Ranch (18°59'S, 56°39'W).
Holotype.
♂ CHIOC 35804 a.
Paratypes.
CHIOC 35804 b (allotype ♀), 30812 c (5♀♀, 6♂♂).
Reference.
Gomes et al. (2015).
Class Eoacanthocephala Van Cleave, 1936Order Gyracanthocephala Van Cleave, 1936Quadrigyridae Van Cleave, 1920Machadosentis Noronha, 1992AnimaliaGyracanthocephalaQuadrigyridae6B9E5DE2-6E87-5ABA-95AB-166A0BCB916CMachadosentistravassosiNoronha, 1992Type host.
Brazil, Pará State, Mexiana Island (Amazon River delta), natural canals and breeding tanks of fish farm at Santo Ambrósio Farm (00°05'30"S, 49°34'50"W).
There are two paratypes in CHIOC collected from Mexico, but there are some inconsistencies with regard to the collecting localities in the original description and the cataloging data. Holotype, allotype, and other paratypes are deposited in the HWML collection. Additional paratypes are deposited in CMNPA, CNHE, and USNM.
CHIOC 35617 and 35618 collected in Pedra de Guaratiba (23°01'S, 43°38'W), Rio de Janeiro (Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil) from the sciaenid fish Micropogoniasfurnieri. Holotype, allotype, and other paratypes deposited in CHMLP.
Reference.
Timi et al. (2009).
AnimaliaRhabditidaCucullanidae89833076-36CC-5E2B-A90F-96BF72F7EC3EDichelyne (Cucullanellus) tornquistiPaschoal, Vieira, Cezar & Luque, 2014Type host.
Brazil, Amazonas State, Barcelos, Jauari waterway, left margin of the Aracá River.
Holotype.
♂ CHIOC 35044 a.
Paratypes.
CHIOC 34844, 35044 b (allotype ♀), c–f (♀♀), g–k (♂♂), l–m (synlophe ♂♂), n (synlophe).
Remarks.
Dasyproctaleporina (Linnaeus, 1758) was cited as the type host in the original description, but D.fuliginosa is the host of all type material of CHIOC as indicated in the cataloguing data. Other male and female paratypes deposited in the MNHN collection.
Democratic Republic of Congo, Ituri province, Mogwalu.
Paratype.
CHIOC 37903 (♀).
Remarks.
CHIOC number was not included in the original description. Holotype and paratype females deposited in CZACC. Other paratypes deposited in the RMCA collection.
Democratic Republic of Congo, Ituri province, Mogwalu.
Paratype.
CHIOC 37904 (♀).
Remarks.
CHIOC number was not included in the original description. Holotype and paratype females deposited in CZACC. Other paratypes deposited in the RMCA collection.
Democratic Republic of Congo, Kivu Region, Katale (01°19'S, 29°22'E).
Paratypes.
CHIOC 37822 a–d (♂♂).
Remarks.
CHIOC number was not included in the original description. Female holotype and male and female paratypes deposited in CZACC. Other paratypes deposited in the RMCA collection.
Bolivia, Chuquisaca Department, 2 km SW of Monteagudo (19°49'S, 63°58'W), 1130 m high.
Paratype.
CHIOC 34809.
Remarks.
Paratype from CHIOC collected in Cochabamba, 13 km N of Colomi (17°13'29"S, 65°53"30"W), 3152 m high. Holotype, allotype, and paratypes deposited in the HWML collection. Other two paratypes deposited in CNHE.
Reference.
Jiménez-Ruiz and Gardner (2003).
Gracilioxyuris Feijó, Lopes Torres, Maldonado Jr. & Lanfredi, 2008AnimaliaRhabditidaOxyuridae527A3EEF-78CA-59E1-B26C-269ED127D642GracilioxyurisagilisFeijó, Torres, Maldonado Jr. & Lanfredi, 2008Type host.
CHIOC 35779 collected in the Baixio Lake (03°17'27.2"S, 60°04'29.6"W), Iranduba; CHIOC 35780 collected in the Iauara Lake (03°36'39.2"S, 61°16'33.0"W), Manacapuru; CHIOC 35781 collected in the Araçá Lake (03°46'15.8"S, 62°20'10.3"W), Codajás; CHIOC 35782 collected in the Ananá Lake (03°53'54.8"S, 61°40'18.4"W), Anori (all localities in the Amazonas State). Other paratypes deposited in the INPA collection.
Paratype from CHIOC cited as "35525" in the original description due to a mistake. Holotype and allotype deposited in the FCAV/UNESP of Jaboticabal, São Paulo State.
Brazil, São Paulo State, Botucatú (22°52'47"S, 48°26'42"W).
Paratypes.
CHIOC 35826 (♂, ♀).
Remarks.
Holotype, allotype and additional paratypes deposited in FCAV/UNESP of Araçatuba, São Paulo State. Paratypes from CHIOC cited as “35824” in the original description due to a mistake. CHIOC 35826 collected in Jaú (22°17'44"S, 48°33'28"W), São Paulo State.
Cuba, Mayabeque Province, San José de las Lajas, La Jaula.
Paratypes.
CHIOC 38211 a (♀), 38211 b (♂).
Remarks.
CHIOC number was not included in the original description. Male holotype and male and female paratypes deposited in CZACC. Other paratypes deposited in the RIT collection.
Carapace, plastron, head, over the eyes, pelvic appendages, cloaca, mouth and nostrils.
Type locality.
Brazil, Pará State, Belém, Zoobotanical Park of the Emílio Goeldi Museum.
Holotype.
CHIOC 37524 a.
Paratypes.
CHIOC 33598, 37524 b–e.
Remarks.
The holotype and some paratypes received new numbers because part of the type material was mounted from CHIOC 33598 by the authors after the publication. CHIOC 33598 was indicated as holotype and paratypes in the original description.
Brazil, Rio de Janeiro State, Angra dos Reis (23°01'S, 44°19'W).
Paratypes.
CHIOC 34819 (10♀♀).
Remarks.
Species placed in Acantholochus Cressey, 1984 by Tavares and Luque (2003) and transferred to Hamaticolax by Morales-Serna and Gómez (2010). Holotype and other female paratypes deposited in the MNRJ carcinological collection.
References.
Tavares and Luque (2003), Morales-Serna and Gómez (2010).
Brazil, Rio de Janeiro State, Angra dos Reis (23°01'S, 44°19'W).
Holotype.
♀ CHIOC 35393.
Paratypes.
CHIOC 35392 (5♀♀), 35394 (5♀♀).
Reference.
Tavares and Luque (2005).
Acknowledgments
The authors are grateful to Erik Russell Wild for reviewing the English of this manuscript. We thank Adriana Mainenti, Juliane Nunes Bernardo, Magda Sanches, Marianna Silva Costa, and Tainah Domingos Soares for technical support.
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