Type material of Acanthocephala, Nematoda and other non-helminths phyla (Cnidaria, Annelida, and Arthropoda) housed in the Helminthological Collection of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute/ FIOCRUZ (CHIOC), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 1979 to 2016

Abstract The third part of the catalogue of type material in the Helminthological Collection of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute/FIOCRUZ (CHIOC), comprising types deposited between 1979 and 2016, is presented to complement the first list of all types that was published in 1979. This part encompasses Acanthocephala, Nematoda and the other non-helminth phyla Cnidaria, Annelida, and Arthropoda. Platyhelminthes was covered in the first (Monogenoidea) and second (Rhabditophora Trematoda and Cestoda) parts of the catalogue published in September 2016 and March 2017, respectively. The present catalogue comprises type material for 116 species distributed across five phyla, nine classes, 50 families, and 80 genera. Specific names are listed systematically, followed by type host, infection site, type locality, and specimens with their collection numbers and references. Species classification and nomenclature are updated.


Introduction
The century-old Helminthological Collection of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute/FI-OCRUZ (CHIOC), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, contains helminths that form part of the fauna of Brazil, and other countries, and are from a wide range of hosts captured in a variety of different biomes. The samples are holotypes, paratypes, and representative specimens of Platyhelminthes, Acanthocephala, Nematoda, and other nonhelminth phyla. The CHIOC holds around 38,400 samples of helminth parasites from South America and other continents, and represents the largest such collection in Latin America and one of the largest collections worldwide (Rego 1982, Knoff et al. 2010). Details about the history and composition of CHIOC were presented in .
The first catalogue of all type material held in the CHIOC recorded 719 types of helminths (only holotypes or type series): 408 nematodes, 216 digenetic trematodes, 11 monogenoids, 52 acanthocephalans, 28 cestodes, and four of pentastomids (Rego et al. 1979). Since its publication, the collection has grown substantially with the number of types increasing significantly as well. Recently, Lopes et al. ( , 2017 published another catalogue listing 203 type species of Monogenoidea and 104 type species of the other three classes of platyhelminths (Rhabditophora, Trematoda, and Cestoda). Thus, the present catalogue is the third list of type species held in this collection, and encompasses those of Acanthocephala, Nematoda, and the non-helminth phyla Cnidaria, Annelida and Arthropoda that have been deposited in CHIOC since 1979. The purpose of this article is to inform the scientific community about the types deposited in CHIOC as of December 1, 2016, and follows the articles of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1999).

Materials and methods
The specimens are stored in glass or plastic vials in 70% ethanol (with or without 5% glycerin), 4-10% formaldehyde (with or without 2% acetic acid), 70% ethanolformaldehyde-acetic acid (AFA) or as microscope slide preparations. All the material is available for consultation, but holotypes are not loaned. Unless otherwise stated, all type material is in good condition.
The catalogue is arranged taxonomically as phyla, classes, orders, families, genera, and species, under the original spelling and combinations. Phyla and classes are arranged phylogenetically, starting with helminth phyla. Orders, families, genera, and species are arranged alphabetically. The information on each entry is presented in the following format: by five species, distributed in three families, and four genera. The most representative families were the nematode families Cucullanidae, with 18 species, followed by Pharyngodonidae, with seven.
One hundred and sixteen parasites of 101 species of vertebrate and eight species of invertebrate hosts were catalogued. The invertebrate hosts were beetles, diplopods, and crustaceans. Most of the type species recorded (47%) were parasites of bony fishes, such as those of Monogenoidea, Trematoda, and Cestoda (Lopes et al. , 2017. Only one species was a parasite of cartilaginous fishes. The hosts of parasite species of Tetrapoda were frogs, birds, reptiles, and mammals. Cricetidae (Rodentia) was the host family that exhibited the greatest diversity of parasites, with ten species.
Among the Acanthocephala listed, five species were parasites of bony fishes, one species was a parasite of frogs (Bufonidae), one species was a parasite of birds (Phalacrocoracidae), and one species was a parasite of crab-eating foxes (Canidae). Among the nematodes, five species were parasites of beetles (Passalidae) and two were parasites of diplopods (Rhinocricidae and Spirobolellidae). Species of nematode parasites of fishes included 41 of bony fishes and only one of cartilaginous fishes (Arhynchobatidae). Three nematode species were parasites of frogs (Bufonidae). The nematodes parasites of reptiles included five species parasitic on the suborder Autarchoglossa (Gymnophthalmidae, Scincidae and Teiidae), five parasites of snakes (Boidae, Colubridae, and Viperidae), and three parasites of lizards (Hoplocercidae, Liolaemidae, and Tropiduridae). Nine nematode species were parasites of birds (Ardeidae, Bucconidae, Cuculidae, Dendrocolaptidae, Opisthocomidae, Threskiornithidae, Tinamidae, and Tyrannidae). Species of nematode parasites of mammals included 16 parasites of rodents (Caviidae, Cricetidae, Dasyproctidae, Echimyidae, and Muridae), four parasites of the order Carnivora (Canidae, Felidae, and Mustelidae), two parasites of armadillos (Dasypodidae), two parasites of opossums (Didelphidae), and one parasite of bats (Molossidae). Myxozoans and copepods parasitized bony fishes. The single polychaeta species was a parasite of freshwater crayfish (Parastacidae) and the single Hirudinea species was a parasite of turtles (Podocnemididae).
Most of the species catalogued were collected in Brazil (88%), coming from all regions of the country. Other countries with cataloged material are from America (United States, Mexico, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Bolivia, and Argentina), the Caribbean (Cuba) and Africa (Democratic Republic of Congo). This third part of the catalogue of type material housed in CHIOC from 1979 to 2016 includes, in total, 423 species of parasites from 251 different hosts caught in almost all Brazilian states, and almost all continents, with the exception of the Middle East and Oceania (Lopes et al. , 2017. Most of the deposits were made by Brazilian researchers, but foreigners also made a significant contribution, expanding and diversifying the country's known parasitological heritage. All these data testify to the importance of CHIOC and its recognition on the world stage as a depositary, and serve as testimony of helminth parasite biodiversity, thereby placing CHIOC among the most significant collections of the world. Reference. Rodrigues (1992).  Gomes et al. (1992). Remarks. There is no paratype "i" as indicated in the original description, which was a mistake.

Remarks. Holotype female and other paratypes males and females deposited in CZACC.
Reference. García and Morffe (2014). Reference. Ferraz and Thatcher (1988 Remarks. Paratype from CHIOC cited as "33697" in the original description due to a mistake. Other paratypes deposited in the ASCR collection. Reference. Moravec et al. (1997). Remarks. Type material from CHIOC cited as "33716" in the original description due to a mistake. Other paratypes deposited in the ASCR collection.

Cucullanus tucunarensis
Remarks. Dasyprocta leporina (Linnaeus, 1758) was cited as the type host in the original description, but D. fuliginosa is the host of all type material of CHIOC as indicated in the cataloguing data. Other male and female paratypes deposited in the MNHN collection.

Ichthyouris voltagrandensis
Reference. Cárdenas et al. (2012). Remarks. There is no paratype CHIOC 32722 "c" as indicated in the original description, which was a mistake. Other paratype deposited in the IPCAS collection.
Reference. Martins and Onaka (2006). Holotype. CHIOC 37524 a. Paratypes. CHIOC 33598, 37524 b-e. Remarks. The holotype and some paratypes received new numbers because part of the type material was mounted from CHIOC 33598 by the authors after the publication. CHIOC 33598 was indicated as holotype and paratypes in the original description.