Neonrosella vitiata (Darwin, 1854)

13 specimens, southern Thailand, Andaman Sea in the eastern Indian Ocean, Phang-Nga Province, Na-Tai District, Na-Tai rocky shore, 20 Mar 2018, A Pochai leg. ZCBUU-CP-024-036.

Parietes white with dark orange spots or longitudinal stripes. Tergum with broad spur. Area with lateral tergal depressor crests on basal margin long and carrying numerous and deep crests. Lateral scutal depressor crests numerous and deep. Cirrus II with equal rami. Cirrus III antenniform in both rami; lesser curvature with hook-like spines. Lesser curvature of cirrus IV without spines. Maxillule with two large spines and two smaller spines before notch; five pairs of spines and a cluster of 12 spines after notch. Mandible with five teeth; the third teeth tridentate; the fourth teeth quadridentate and the fifth teeth close to the fourth teeth; seven smaller setae on lower margin; without setae under inferior angle. Labrum with three canine-like teeth on each cutting margin. Penis with basi-dorsal point.

Peduncle absent. Body length 2–3 cm. Shell white with orange longitudinal lines; low conic; composed of four shell plates including one carina, two laterals, and one rostrum (Fig. 1A, D, E). Base calcareous with parietal tubes; two rows of irregular shape and size of parietal tubes; inner laminar compartment carrying larger parietal tubes that its intraparietal septum radiating to the outer laminar; outer laminar compartment carrying three smaller and horizontal parietal tubes between larger tubes from inner laminar (Fig. 1B, C). External shell plate ornamented with rough and white with orange longitudinal striation; some exhibited decolouration or erosion of shell plate but carina always possesses 4–5 remnants of orange spots close to the orifice (Fig. 1D). Basal margin of each shell plate irregularly undulated. Internal shell plate smooth and white; interior part close to orifice oranges and with horizontal striation (Fig. 1E). Orifice kite-shaped or pentagonal (Fig. 1F). External surface of opercular plates white with irregular orange-brown spots (Fig. 1F, G). Internal surface of opercular plates mostly white with orange (Fig. 1F, H). Tergum smaller than scutum (Fig. 1G, H). Tergum triangular to polygonal shaped; dorsal surface with horizontal lines; longitudinal furrow on dorsal side broad. Spur of tergum broad with rounded tip. Scutal margin smooth without teeth. Basal margin of tergum longer than carina margin or area with lateral depressor muscle crests thick (ten crests). Tergal articular ridge with broad width but low ridge and thus when articulated, tergum occupies small area of scutum (Fig. 1I–L). Scutum triangular with height similar to width. External surface of scutum without horizontal striation. Ventral surface of scutum with long adductor ridge. Lateral scutal depressor crests deep and numerous (five crests) (Fig. 1M–R).

Figure 1. 

Shell plate and operculum morphology of Neonrosella vitiata (Darwin, 1854) A anterior view of shell B basal view of shell without body tissue C basal view of shell with body tissue intact D external view of individual shell plates (parietes) E internal view of individual shell plates F (left) close-up on external view of operculum (right) internal view of intact operculum G external view of operculum (one side of both tergum and scutum) H internal view of operculum (one side of both tergum and scutum) I–L tergum I external view J internal view K SEM of internal view L close-up on crests for lateral tergal depressor muscle M)–R) scutum M external view N internal view O SEM of internal view P close-up of crests at edge of basal margin (bm) close to occludent margin (om) Q close-up of crests for lateral scutal depressor muscle R close-up of articular ridge (ar).

Cirrus I with unequal rami; anterior ramus (20-segmented) length longer than that of posterior ramus (10-segmented), approximately 2.5 times (Fig. 2A); intermediate segments of posterior ramus normal or not protuberant; greater and lesser curvature of both rami without spine; basipod without spines; protopod with serrulated setae on the posterior side; serrulated setae found in both rami (Fig. 2B–E). Cirrus II with equal rami and similar length (both rami with 10-segmented) (Fig. 2F); lesser curvature of both rami without spines (Fig. 2G–H); posterior ramus with serrulated setae (Fig. 2I); anterior ramus with serrulated setae along the entire length from apex to basipod and bi-pinnate setae on distal segments near apex (Fig. 2J); protopod with long serrulated setae on anterior side (Fig. 2K). Cirrus III with unequal rami; posterior ramus (27-segmented) longer than anterior ramus (19-segmented) about 1.5 fold; both rami antenniform (Fig. 2L); basis without spine (Fig. 2M); basis with plumose setae on posterior side (Fig. 2N); protopod with plumose setae on anterior side (Fig. 2O); serrulated and bidentate setae found in both rami (Fig. 2P, Q); lesser curvature of proximal region of both rami carrying spines (7-segmented on anterior ramus and 4-segmented on posterior ramus) (Fig. 2R, S); spines on both rami with hook-like shaped and thick (Fig. 2T, U). Cirrus IV–VI with equal and long rami (Fig. 3A, H, O); basis of cirrus IV–VI carrying triangular and slender spines (Fig. 3B, C, K, S); only first proximal segment of greater curvature of posterior ramus carrying triangular and slender spines (Fig. 3E, J, T). Cirrus IV, anterior ramus 17-segmented, posterior ramus 18-segmented (Fig. 3A). Cirrus V–VI, anterior ramus 22-segmented, posterior ramus 22-segmented (Fig. 3H, O). Lesser curvature of Cirrus IV–VI without spines and carrying two pairs of long serrulated setae and one pair of shorter simple setae (Fig. 3F, G, L, M, N, U, V).

Figure 2. 

SEM showing cirral morphology of Neonrosella vitiata (Darwin, 1854) A–E cirrus I A overview of cirrus I morphology B close-up at proximal region of cirrus I C serrulated seta on posterior side of protopod D serrulated seta on anterior ramus E serrulated seta on posterior ramus F–K cirrus II F overview of cirrus II morphology G posterior ramus H anterior ramus Iserrulated seta on posterior ramus J serrulated setae on anterior ramus K serrulated seta on anterior side of protopod L–U cirrus III L overview of cirrus III morphology M close-up on basipod and protopod N plumose seta on posterior side of basipod O plumose seta on anterior side of protopod P anterior seta on anterior ramus Q posterior seta on posterior ramus R posterior ramus S anterior ramus T close-up on posterior ramus showing spines on lesser curvature U close-up on anterior ramus showing spines on lesser curvature. Abbreviations: pr, protopod; bs, basipod; pos, posterior ramus; ant, anterior ramus. Scale bars in µm.

Figure 3. 

SEM showing cirral morphology of Neonrosella vitiata (Darwin, 1854) A–G cirrus IV A overview of cirrus IV morphology B close-up at basis and protopod C basipod with spines D greater curvature of both rami E close-up on spines on posterior ramus F lesser curvature of posterior ramus (1, 2 and 3 indicating first pair of long serrulated setae-longest, second pair of serrulated setae-second longest and third pair of simple setae-shortest, respectively) G lesser curvature of anterior ramus (number described as F) H–N cirrus V H overview of cirrus V morphology I proximal region showing greater curvature of both rami J close-up on greater curvature of posterior ramus carrying spines K basipod with spines L lesser curvature of anterior ramus M close-up on a segment on lesser curvature of anterior ramus showing type of setae (inset showing serrulated setae and number as described in F) N lesser curvature of posterior ramus (number as described in F) O–V cirrus VI O overview of cirrus VI morphology Q greater curvature of posterior ramus R greater curvature of both rami S basipod with spines T close-up on spines on posterior ramus U lesser curvature of anterior ramus V lesser curvature of posterior ramus (number described as F). Abbreviations: pr, protopod; bs, basipod; pos, posterior ramus; ant, anterior ramus. Scale bars in µm.

Maxilla bi-lobate; upper lobe covered with densely packed serrulated setae; lower lobe with a few serrulated setae carrying more packed setules (Fig. 4A–C). Maxillule with U-shaped notch; two large spines and two small spines before notch; five pairs of small and slender spines after notch (Fig. 4D); cutting edge after notch carrying another 12 smaller spines followed by a cluster of serrulated setae (Fig. 4E). Mandible with five teeth; the first teeth largest; the second teeth bidentate; the third teeth tridentate; the fourth teeth quadridentate; the fifth teeth only single close to the fourth teeth; lower margin narrow with a pack of seven small setae followed by three larger setae close to inferior angle; no setae under inferior angle; simple setae scattered on surface of mandible (Fig. 4F–H). Labrum with V-shaped notch; three canine-shaped teeth with densely packed simple setae on each side of cutting margin (Fig. 4I–L). Mandibular palp rectangular with serrulated setae on superior margin (Fig. 4M, N). Penis long with annulation with basi-dorsal point on the dorsal side of penis base (Fig. 4O inset); a few simple setae scattered randomly along whole length; two bundles of simple and long setae found at the tip of penis (Fig. 4O–Q).

Figure 4. 

SEM showing mouth parts of Neonrosella vitiata (Darwin, 1854) A–C maxilla A overview of maxilla morphology B serrulated setae on upper lobe C serrulated setae on lower lobe D–E maxillule D overview E spines and serrulated setae on inferior angle F–H mandible F overview of mandible morphology and inset showing close-up of lower margin G bidentate 2^nd teeth H tridentate 3^rd teeth, quadri-dentate 4^th teeth and single 5^th teeth I–L labrum I overview of labrum morphology of interior labrum and inset showing close-up of teeth on labrum J close-up of teeth on right side of labrum K close-up on teeth on left side of labrum L exterior side of labrum M–N mandibular palp M overview of mandibular palp morphology N serrulated setae on superior margin O–Q penis O overview of whole penis on side view and inset showing basi-dorsal point (arrow head) on base of the penis P close-up on apex of penis Q annulation along penis. Abbreviations: ul, upper lobe of maxilla; ll, lower lobe of maxilla. Scale bars in µm.

Neonrosella vitiata was collected only during the lowest tide (March) of the year and at the lowest littoral zone, an area submerged most of the time throughout the year. It was found on rocks covered with seaweed, densely packed green and red algae, hydroids, sponges, limpets, other acorn barnacles including Tetraclita species at the algal crust zone of the intertidal region. The barnacles were found mostly in solitary form, in connection with Newmanella spinosus, or with conspecifics as small colonies of only two or three individuals per colony.

Great Barrier Reef (Raine’s Islet), Australia (Darwin 1854); Lucipara Islands, Banda Sea (Hoek 1913), Zamboanga, Philippines (Broch 1922); Goram Island (Hiro 1936); Oropusyakaru and Madarai Islands (Hiro 1937); Philippines (Rosell 1972); Singapore (Jones and Hosie 2016) and Andaman Sea of eastern Indian Ocean, Phang-Nga Province, southern Thailand (new record).

Newmanella radiata (Bruguière, 1789). Additional species: New. hentscheli Kolosvary, 1942, New. kolosvaryi Ross & Perreault, 1999, New. spinosus Chan & Cheang, 2016.

NMNS-006535-00001, deposited in NMNS (not examined).

17 specimens, southern Thailand, Andaman Sea in the eastern Indian Ocean, Phang-Nga Province, Na-Tai District, Na-Tai rocky shore, 20 Mar 2018, A Pochai leg. ZCBUU-CP-007-023.

Parietes and opercular plates green on external and internal surfaces. External shell plate with numerous radiating or longitudinal lines extending from apex to base. Scutal margin of tergum with serrated teeth and broad spur with cutting edges. Cirrus II with equal rami and slight curvature of both rami carrying triangular spines. Basis of cirri IV–VI without spines. Greater curvature of both anterior ramus and posterior ramus of Cirrus IV with triangular spines. Mandible with five teeth, the third teeth bidentate, the fourth teeth with serrations and small teeth along the edge, and the fifth teeth sits on the middle of lower margin surrounded by other small spines. Labrum with four teeth on each cutting margin. Penis without basi-dorsal point.

Peduncle absent. Body length 2–3 cm. Shell green with longitudinal folds or lines from orifice toward base or radiating lines; low conic; composed of four shell plates including one carina, two laterals and one rostrum. Base calcareous with parietal tubes; three rows of irregular shape and size of parietal tubes (Fig. 5A–F). External shell plate with longitudinal fold or striation from apex to base; some exhibited decolouration or erosion of shell plate. Basal margin of each shell plate irregularly undulated (Fig. 5E). Internal shell plate smooth and white to pale green; interior part close to orifice green and with some white horizontal striations (Fig. 5F). Orifice pentagonal (Fig. 5G). External surface of opercular plates white with irregular green spots or lines (Fig. 5G). Internal surface of opercular plates mostly white with green, in particular scutum (Fig. 5H). Tergum smaller than scutum (Fig. 5I, J). Tergum triangular with clear spur protruding from basal margin; dorsal surface with horizontal lines; longitudinal furrow on dorsal side broad connected to spur. Spur of tergum broad with cutting edge tip. Scutal margin with serrated teeth. Basal margin of tergum with lateral depressor muscle crests thick (9–10 crests); tergal articular ridge with narrow width (Fig. 5I). Scutum triangular with height 1.3 times base. External surface of scutum with horizontal lines. Lateral depressor crest deep and numerous (5–8 crests) (Fig. 5J).

Figure 5. 

Shell plate and operculum morphology of Newmanella spinosus Chan & Cheang, 2016 A anterior view of shell B basal view of shell with body tissue C external and anterior view of shell without body tissue D internal and basal view of shell plates showing parietal tubes E external view of parietes F internal view of parietes G close-up on orifice and exterior opercular plates H internal view of operculum without intact tissues I internal view (left) and external view (right) of tergum J internal view (left) and external view (right) of scutum.

Cirrus I with unequal rami; anterior ramus (21-segmented) length approx. twice as long as posterior ramus (10-segmented) (Fig. 6A); intermediate segments of posterior ramus normal or not protuberant (Fig. 6B); greater and lesser curvature of both rami without spines (Fig. 6C, D); basipod without spines; serrulated setae found in both anterior and posterior rami (Fig. 6F, G); protopod on the posterior side with plumose setae (Fig. 6H). Cirrus II with equal rami and similar length (both rami with 10-segmented) (Fig. 6I); greater curvature of posterior ramus with serrulated setae (Fig. 6J, K); lesser curvature of posterior ramus with hook-like triangular spines (Fig. 6L) and lesser curvature of anterior ramus with slender spines and serrulated setae (Fig. 6M); apex of posterior ramus with long serrulated setae (Fig. 6N, O); apex of anterior ramus with bi-pinnate setae (Fig. 6P). Cirrus III with unequal rami; posterior ramus (26-segments) longer than anterior ramus (22-segmented, approximately 1.2 times; both rami antenniform (Fig. 6Q); basipod with spines (Fig. 6R) and anterior side of basipod with serrulated setae (Fig. 6S); weak curvature of both rami with hook-like triangular spines (Fig. 6T, U); greater curvature of anterior ramus with short spines (Fig. 6V); Both rami with serrulated setae and bidentate setae (Fig. 6W–Y). Cirrus IV–VI with semi-equal and long rami (Fig. 7A, G, K); basis of cirrus IV–VI without spines, only denticles observed (Fig. 7E, J, N). Cirrus IV, anterior ramus 20-segmented posterior ramus 21-segmented (Fig. 7A); Greater curvature of posterior ramus with slender spines (Fig. 7B, C); Greater curvature of anterior ramus with broad triangular spines (Fig. 7B, D); each segment carries two pairs of long serrulated setae and one pair of shorter simple setae (Fig. 7F). No spine on each segment at lesser curvature side. Cirrus V, anterior ramus 19-segmented posterior ramus 20-segmented (Fig. 7G); Greater curvature of posterior ramus with slender spines (Fig. 7H) while no spines on anterior ramus (Fig. 7I). Cirrus VI, anterior ramus 24-segmented, posterior ramus 26-segmented (Fig. 7K); greater curvature of both rami with slender spines (Fig. 7L, M).

Figure 6. 

SEM showing cirral morphology of Newmanella spinosus Chan & Cheang, 2016 A–H cirrus I A overview of cirrus I morphology B close-up at proximal region of cirrus I C close-up on posterior ramus D close-up on anterior ramus E apex of anterior ramus F serrulated setae on anterior ramus G serrulated setae on posterior ramus H plumose setae on posterior side of protopod I–P cirrus II I overview of cirrus II morphology J proximal region of cirrus II K serrulated and bidentate setae on greater curvature of posterior ramus L hook-like triangular spines on lesser curvature of posterior ramus M spines (asterisks) on lesser curvature of anterior ramus N close-up on apex on posterior ramus O serrulated setae on posterior ramus P serrulated and bidentate setae on anterior ramus Q–Y cirrus III Q overview of cirrus III morphology R slender spines on basipod S plumose setae on anterior side of basipod T hook-like triangular spines on lesser curvature of posterior ramus U hook-like triangular spines on lesser curvature of anterior ramus V greater curvature of anterior ramus with spines W serrulated setae and bidentate setae on posterior ramus X serrulated setae on anterior ramus Y bidentate setae on anterior ramus. Abbreviations: pr, protopod; bs, basipod; pos, posterior ramus; ant, anterior ramus. Scale bars in µm.

Figure 7. 

SEM showing cirral morphology of Newmanella spinosus Chan & Cheang, 2016 A–F cirrus IV A overview of cirrus IV morphology B close-up on proximal region of greater curvature C slender spines on greater curvature of posterior ramus D triangular spines on greater curvature of anterior ramus E close-up on basipod showing denticles without spine F lesser curvature of both rami showing two pairs of long serrulated setae and a pair of simple setae G–J cirrus V G overview of cirrus V morphology H greater curvature of posterior ramus showing spines I greater curvature of both rami (the other side) without spine J close-up on basipod without spine (only denticles) K–N Cirrus VI K overview of cirrus VI morphology L greater curvature of both rami M close-up on slender spines on greater curvature of anterior ramus N close-up on basipod without spine. Abbreviations: pr, protopod; bs, basipod; pos, posterior ramus; ant, anterior ramus. Scale bars in µm.

Maxilla bi-lobate; both lobes covered with serrulated setae (Fig. 8A, B, C). Maxillule with V-shaped notch; two large spines and five smaller spines before notch; six pairs of long slender spines and following seven smaller spines closed to inferior angle after notch (Fig. 8D); cutting edge after notch carrying a cluster of serrulated setae (Fig. 8E). Mandible with five teeth; the first teeth largest; the second and the third teeth bidentate; the fourth teeth serrated; the fifth teeth only single in the middle of lower margin surrounded by small and slender spines; lower margin narrow with a pack of 12 spines (irregular length); no setae under inferior angle (Fig. 8F). Labrum with V-shaped notch; four teeth with densely packed simple setae on each side of cutting margin (Fig. 8H–J). Mandibular palp rectangular carrying densely packed serrulated setae on superior margin (Fig. 8K–L). Penis long and annulated without basi-dorsal point (Fig. 8M inset); a few simple setae scattered randomly along whole length; at the tip of penis carrying two clusters of simple and long setae (Fig. 8M–P).

Figure 8. 

SEM showing mouth parts of Newmanella spinosus Chan & Cheang, 2016 A–C maxilla A overview of maxilla morphology showing upper lobe (ul) and lower lobe (ll) B serrulated setae on upper lobe C serrulated setae on lower lobe D–E maxillule D overview of maxillule morphology E serrulated setae on inferior angle of maxillule F mandible (inset showing close up of third-fifth teeth of mandible) G–J labrum G exterior view of labrum H interior view of labrum I teeth on labrum (left margin from H) J teeth on labrum (right margin from H) K mandibular palp L close-up on superior side showing serrulated setae on mandibular palp M–P penis M overview of whole penis on side view and inset showing smooth dorsal side (dash line) on the base of the penis without basi-dorsal point N apex of penis carrying setae O penis with annulation P base of penis. Abbreviations: ul, upper lobe of maxilla; ll, lower lobe of maxilla. Scale bars in µm.

The specimens were collected only during the lowest tide (March) of the year at the lowest tide littoral zone, the same habitat as Neonrosella vitiata.

Western Pacific from Taiwan (type locality) and Philippines (Chan and Cheang 2016) and Andaman Sea of eastern Indian Ocean (Phang-Nga Province, southern Thailand).