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An illustrated synopsis of the framework for species description based on 39 shell and operculum features (excluding shell colour and living animal colour). Number codes ascribed to each character are linked to descriptions and measurement methods outlined in Table
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Distribution of 8 Alycaeus species in Peninsular Malaysia based on materials examined. Alycaeus altispirus is not included in the maps because no specific locality was given for the materials examined (see Discussion section under the species). Note the red areas are limestone karsts (derived from
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Distribution of 3 Alycaeus species in Peninsular Malaysia based on materials examined. Note the red areas are limestone karsts (derived from
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Distribution of 4 Alycaeus species in Peninsular Malaysia based on materials examined. Note the red areas are limestone karsts (derived from
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Distribution of 2 Alycaeus species in Peninsular Malaysia based on materials examined. Note the red areas are limestone karsts (derived from
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Distribution of 5 Alycaeus species in Peninsular Malaysia based on materials examined. Note that two records of Alycaeus roebeleni in Thailand, north of Peninsular Malaysia are not shown in the map. The red areas are limestone karsts (derived from
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Photographs of 18 living Alycaeus species. A–B Alycaeus balingensis Tomlin, 1948, BOR/MOL 8356 C Alycaeus liratulus (Preston, 1907), BOR/MOL 8334 D Alycaeus thieroti Morgan, 1885b, BOR/MOL 6835 E Alycaeus conformis Fulton, 1902, BOR/MOL 6809 F Alycaeus gibbosulus Stoliczka, 1872, BOR/MOL 6850 G Alycaeus gibbosulus Stoliczka, 1872, BOR/MOL 8526 H Alycaeus jousseaumei Morgan, 1885a, BOR/MOL 8341 I Alycaeus jousseaumei Morgan, 1885a, BOR/MOL 8336 J Alycaeus alticola sp. n., BOR/MOL 8398 K Alycaeus charasensis sp. n., BOR/MOL 8399 L Alycaeus clementsi sp. n., BOR/MOL 8364 M Alycaeus costacrassa sp. n., BOR/MOL 6811 N Alycaeus expansus sp. n., BOR/MOL 6367 O Alycaeus kapayanensis Morgan, 1885b, BOR/MOL 13005 P Alycaeus kelantanensis Sykes, 1902, BOR/MOL 8325 Q Alycaeus kelantanensis Sykes, 1902, BOR/MOL 6200 R Alycaeus kurauensis sp. n., BOR/MOL 6851 S Alycaeus perakensis Crosse, 1879a, BOR/MOL 6852 T Alycaeus regalis sp. n., BOR/MOL 6881 U Alycaeus selangoriensis sp. n., BOR/MOL 6371 V–W Alycaeus senyumensis sp. n., BOR/MOL 6249. All photographs by Junn Kitt Foon.
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Alycaeus alticola sp. n. A–E Shell of holotype, BOR/MOL 8398 F–H Close up of shell of holotype, BOR/MOL 8398 I–L Operculum of paratype, BOR/MOL 8398 M–Q Shell of paratype, BOR/MOL 8398. Scale bars: A–G, I–Q 1 mm; H 0.5 mm. All photographs by Junn Kitt Foon.
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Alycaeus altispirus (Möllendorff, 1902) A–E Shell of lectotype,
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Alycaeus balingensis Tomlin, 1948. A–E Shell of syntype,
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Alycaeus carinata Maassen, 2006 A–E Shell of paratype,
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Alycaeus charasensis sp. n. A–E Shell of holotype, BOR/MOL 8400 F–H Close up of shell of holotype, BOR/MOL 8400 I–L Operculum of paratype, BOR/MOL 6891 M–Q Shell of paratype, BOR/MOL 267. Scale bars: A–G, M–Q, H 1 mm; I–L 0.5 mm. All photographs by Junn Kitt Foon.
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Alycaeus clementsi sp. n. A–E Shell of holotype, BOR/MOL 12970 F–H Close up of shell of holotype, BOR/MOL 12970 I–L Operculum of paratype, BOR/MOL 6865 M–Q Shell of paratype, BOR/MOL 8377. Scale bars: A–G, M–Q 1 mm; H, I–L 0.5 mm. All photographs by Junn Kitt Foon.
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Alycaeus conformis Fulton, 1902. A–D Shell of syntype,
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Alycaeus costacrassa sp. n. A–E Shell of holotype, BOR/MOL 6811 F–H Close up of shell of holotype, BOR/MOL 6811 I–L Operculum of holotype, BOR/MOL 6811 M–Q Shell of BOR/MOL 6818 R–V Shell of BOR/MOL 12992. Scale bars: A–G 1 mm; H, I–L 0.5 mm. All photographs by Junn Kitt Foon.
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Alycaeus expansus sp. n. A–E Shell of holotype, BOR/MOL 12983 F–H Close up of shell of holotype, BOR/MOL 12983 I–L Operculum of holotype, BOR/MOL 12983 M–Q Shell of BOR/MOL 245. Scale bars: A–H 1 mm; I–L 0.5 mm. All photographs by Junn Kitt Foon.
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Alycaeus gibbosulus Stoliczka, 1872. A–E Shell of BOR/MOL 8525 F–H Close up of shell of BOR/MOL 8525 I–L Operculum of BOR/MOL 8525 M–Q Shell of BOR/MOL 12960. Scale bars: A–Q 1 mm. All photographs by Junn Kitt Foon.
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Alycaeus ikanensis sp. n. A–E Shell of holotype, BOR/MOL 12972 F–H Close up of shell of holotype, BOR/MOL 12972 I–L Operculum of holotype, BOR/MOL 12972 M–Q Shell of paratype, BOR/MOL 6834. Scale bars: A–H, M–Q 1 mm; I–L 0.5 mm. All photographs by Junn Kitt Foon.
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Alycaeus jousseaumei Morgan, 1885a. A–E Shell of syntype,
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Alycaeus kapayanensis Morgan, 1885b. A–E Shell of syntype,
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Alycaeus kelantanensis Sykes, 1902. A–E Shell of syntype,
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Alycaeus kurauensis sp. n. A–E Shell of holotype, BOR/MOL 12967 F–H Close up of shell of holotype, BOR/MOL 12967 I–L Operculum of paratype, BOR/MOL 6851 M–Q Shell of paratype, BOR/MOL 6851. Scale bars: A–E, F, G, M–Q 1 mm; H, I–L 0.5 mm. All photographs by Junn Kitt Foon.
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Alycaeus liratulus (Preston, 1907). A–E Shell of syntype,
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Alycaeus perakensis Crosse, 1879a. A–E Shell of syntype,
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Alycaeus regalis, sp. n. A–E Shell of holotype, BOR/MOL 12990 F–H Close up of shell of holotype, BOR/MOL 12990 I–L Operculum of paratype, BOR/MOL 6881. Note operculum with proteinaceous interior extension. Scale bars: A–E, F, G, H 1 mm; I–L 0.5 mm. All photographs by Junn Kitt Foon.
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Alycaeus roebeleni Möllendorff, 1894. A–E Shell of syntype,
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Alycaeus selangoriensis sp. n. A–E Shell of holotype, BOR/MOL 12988 F–H Close up of shell of holotype, BOR/MOL 12988 I–L Operculum of paratype, BOR/MOL 6808. Scale bars: A–E, F, G, H 1 mm; I–L 0.5 mm. All photographs by Junn Kitt Foon.
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Alycaeus senyumensis sp. n. A–E Shell of holotype, BOR/MOL 12965 F–H Close up of shell of holotype, BOR/MOL 12965 I–L Operculum of paratype, BOR/MOL 6880 M–Q Shell of paratype, operculum of BOR/MOL 12966. Scale bars: A–E, F, G, M–Q 1 mm; H, I–L 0.5 mm. All photographs by Junn Kitt Foon.
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Alycaeus thieroti Morgan, 1885b. A–E Shell of syntype,
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Alycaeus virgogravida sp. n. A–E Shell of holotype, BOR/MOL 12978 F–H Close up of shell of holotype, BOR/MOL 12978 I–L Operculum of holotype, BOR/MOL 12978. Scale bars: A–E, F, G 1 mm; H, I–L 0.5 mm. All photographs by Junn Kitt Foon.
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Synoptic view of the 23 Alycaeus taxa in Peninsular Malaysia. Scale bar: 5 mm. Photograph of Alycaeus carinata by Thor Seng Liew. Photograph of Alycaeus altispirus by Páll-Gergely Barna, courtesy of R. Janssen,