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Research Article
Identification key to and checklist of the Swedish Phlaeothripidae (Thysanoptera)
expand article infoEmma Wahlberg‡, Carl-Axel Gertsson§
‡ Department of Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History,, Stockholm, Sweden
§ Unaffiliated, Lund, Sweden

Corresponding author: Emma Wahlberg ( emma.wahlberg@nrm.se )

Academic editor: Elison Fabricio B. Lima
© 2022 Emma Wahlberg, Carl-Axel Gertsson.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation: Wahlberg E, Gertsson C-A (2022) Identification key to and checklist of the Swedish Phlaeothripidae (Thysanoptera). ZooKeys 1096: 161-187. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1096.83011
ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:1F2F4CF1-5ED6-4ED9-B766-226F03B4C0CE
Open Access

Abstract

The Swedish fauna of thrips (Thysanoptera) in the family Phlaeothripidae consists of 49 species. A key to the species of Phlaeothripidae found in Sweden is provided. One species is recorded as new for the country, and 10 new regional records are presented. A checklist of all Swedish tubuliferan species with regional distributions is also given.

Keywords

Distribution, first record, identification, morphology, taxonomy, Thrips, Tubulifera

Introduction

Thysanoptera Haliday, 1836, more commonly known as thrips, are minute insects which are often not longer than 3 mm; larger species may reach 5 mm in size. Thrips have caught attention not only from researchers but also from the commercial and private sector, due to their impact as pests in agriculture (Paine 1992) and even as invasive species (Held et al. 2005; Boyd and Held 2006). The group least studied in Sweden is the family Phlaeothripidae Uzel, 1895. Some species are found in flowers, e.g., in the genus Haplothrips Amyot & Serville, 1843 (Fig. 1), but most of the known species in Sweden are found in soil, leaf litter, and decaying wood.

Figure 1. 

Haplothrips leucanthemi in flower of Leucanthemum vulgare.

The research regarding Palaearctic taxa is scarce. Only a few regional checklists have been published in recent years, and the most relevant identification keys focus on the species in Great Britain (Mound et al. 1976, 2018; Kirk 1996). In recent years the fauna of Poland, a region with a previously similarly understudied thrips fauna, has been studied more extensively, which has led to a large gain in both taxonomic and ecological knowledge (Kucharczyk and Zawirska 1994; Kąkol and Kucharczyk 2004; Kucharczyk 2004; Kucharczyk and Kucharczyk 2008; Dubovský et al. 2010; Kucharczyk and Wyrozumski 2015). Most of the knowledge of Swedish taxa is based on older identification literature, e.g., Ahlberg (1926), Mound et al. (1976), and Kirk (1996), often not specific for Scandinavian conditions. A few papers have been published reporting new species at irregular intervals, reporting sporadic observations (Qvick 1977; Vasiliu-Oromulu et al. 2000; Kobro 2011; Sörensson 2012; Gertsson 2015a; Gertsson and Fägerström 2017). Kobro and Rafoss (2006) produced a key to the genus Hoplothrips in Norway, and Kobro (2013) produced an identification key to Norwegian thrips in general but only covered the most common and for amateurs easily distinguished species. The overlaps of the distributions the of Swedish and Norwegian species is currently not known, and no identification key to the Swedish fauna exists. Gertsson (2015b) provided a checklist of Nordic thrips. However, this was based only on previously collected specimens in museum collections. Recently new records to the fauna were made from freshly collected material, with a total of 5 new species for Sweden and several new regional records (Gertsson and Fägerström 2017; Gertsson 2021; Gertsson et al. 2022). In this paper we update the Swedish checklist of the family Phlaeothripidae and provide an identification key to the species with photographic illustrations.

Material and methods

For this study we have examined representative specimens from the collections of The Swedish Museum of Natural History, Sweden (NHRS), Lund Museum of Zoology (MZLU), Sweden, Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum Senckenberg (SMF), Germany, and the private collections of Sverre Kobro and Manfred R. Ulitzka. In addition, newly collected material has been used, prepared on slides with Euparal according to the method outlined in Kobro (2013). The exception to this method is the preservation prior to maceration and the maceration step, where in this study fresh material has been stored in 80% ethanol prior to DNA extraction. Maceration has thereafter been carried out during DNA extraction before preparation on microscopic slides. This method has successfully been used for one-step DNA extraction and maceration for small insect specimens (Wahlberg and Johanson 2018; Wahlberg 2019). DNA extract is stored at the NHRS for further studies. The material was examined and photographed using manual focus stacking on Nikon Eclipse 80i and Swift 380T microscopes, with Nikon DS-Fi1 and Swift SC1003 cameras. Photos were automatically aligned and stacked using Helicon Focus 8.0.4 and Swift Imaging 3.0, and edited and finalized in Adobe Photoshop CC 23.2.0. The distributional data are provided on county level. The material collected and preserved during this project is deposited at the NHRS.

Swedish faunistic provinces and abbreviations

Sweden is traditionally divided in to faunistic provinces, most based on historical cultural regions overlapping with administrative counties (Fig. 2). They are in the checklist and map abbreviated as below, from south to north.

Figure 2. 

Map of Swedish faunistic provinces.

Sk Skåne

Bl Blekinge

Ha Halland

Sm Småland

Öl Öland

Go Gotland

GS Gotska Sandön

Ög Östergötland

Vg Västergötland

Bo Bohuslän

Ds Dalsland

Nä Närke

Sö Södermanland

Up Uppland

Vs Västmanland

Vr Värmland

Dr Dalarna

Gä Gästrikland

Hs Hälsingland

Me Medelpad

Hr Härjedalen

Jä Jämtland

Ån Ångermanland

Vb Västerbotten

Nb Norrbotten

Ås Åsele lappmark

Ly Lycksele lappmark

Pi Pite lappmark

Lu Lule lappmark

To Torne lappmark

Characters

The identification key is intended to be used for adult specimens, both females and males in various life stages and both winged and micropterous forms. For this reason, some species that express great intraspecific variation it is possible to find one species at several locations in the key (indicated by “[part]”). In Thysanoptera the most important morphological characters for species identification include antennal shape, presence, shape, and length of setae, structure of mouth parts, and measurements of segments (Fig. 3). This always requires high magnification and specimen preparation. Large setae may be blunt, expanded (Fig. 10G), or acute at apex, and care need to be taken in preparation for avoiding collapse of expanded apices. The antennal segments often carry sensory organs in the shape of large trichomes, sense cones. These are more robust and broader than bristles that they might be confused with (Fig. 6A–C). Maxillary stylets are parts of the feeding apparatus and can be seen in macerated specimens (Fig. 4A, B), and the width and distance of the stylets and presence or absence of the median extension called maxillary bridge are used for separation of subfamilies and species groups. The last abdominal segment, segment X, may be either tapering and longitudinally divided (in most of the Thysanoptera families) or complete and tube-shaped. The latter being one of the defining characters of the family Phlaeothripidae (Fig. 3) and is in the key only referred to as the tube. Comprehensive and detailed descriptions of the anatomy and morphology of Thysanoptera are provided in Schliephake and Klimt (1979) and Moritz (2006).

Figure 3. 

Habitus of Haplothrips utae, dorsal view. Roman numbers indicate abdominal segment number. Scale bar: 100 μm.

Taxonomy

Phlaeothripidae Uzel, 1895

Diagnosis

The last abdominal segment, segment X, tubular in both males and females (Figs 3, 5C, 7A, B), without longitudinal division and without saw-like ovipositor. In macropterous forms fore wings without longitudinal veins and surface without microtrichia (Fig. 3). Wing fringes not on sockets but embedded into the wing membrane. Wing retaining setae present in all (European) macropterous species.

Notes

There are about 3,700 known species of Phlaeothripidae in the world (Mound and Tree 2020; ThripsWiki 2022). Most of these species are described from tropical and subtropical areas. In Sweden 49 species are known. The Phlaeothripidae are diverse in their biology; feeding on decaying matter, pollen, fungal spores and hyphae, and prey, and sometimes expressing polymorphism and sociality (Kirk 1996; Mound 2004).

Key to the species of Phlaeothripidae from Sweden

1 Maxillary stylets broad, at least 5 μm wide (twice as wide as base of postocular setae) (Fig. 4A) 1 (Idolothripinae)
– Maxillary stylets slender, less than 5 μm wide (Fig. 4B) 8 (Phlaeothripinae)
2 (1) Anterior margin of ocellar triangle with long setae (Fig. 4C); large and dark species with elongated head 3
– Setae at anterior margin of ocellar triangle short or absent (Fig. 4D) 5
3 (2) Lateral wings of pelta (abdominal tergite I) slender (Fig. 5E) Megalothrips bonanni
– Lateral wings of pelta triangular (Fig. 5D) 4
4 (2) Tarsi pale and tibiae brown (Fig. 5C) Bacillothrips nobilis
– Tarsi and tibiae yellow (Fig. 5F) Megathrips lativentris
5 (2) Eyes ventrally elongated (Fig. 5A) 6
– Eyes ventrally not elongated 7
6 (5) Body (excluding antennae, legs, and wings) brown with yellow pronotum and yellow transverse band on metanotum Bolothrips bicolor
– Body uniformly brown Bolothrips dentipes
7 (5) Maxillary stylets close together, meeting or almost meeting medially (Fig. 4D) Cryptothrips nigripes
– Maxillary stylets widely separated, at least half of head width apart (Fig. 4A) Bolothrips icarus
8 (1) Maxillary bridge present (Fig. 5B) 9
– Maxillary bridge absent (Fig. 4B) 28
9 (8) Antennal segment IV with 2 sense cones (Fig. 6A) Xylaplothrips fuliginosus
– Antennal segment IV with 3 or 4 sense cones (Fig. 6B, C) 10 (Haplothrips)
10 (9) Antennal segment III without sense cones (cf. Fig. 9E) Haplothrips minutus
– Antennal segment III with at least 1 sense cone 11
11 (10) Antennal segment III with 1 sense cone 12
– Antennal segment III with 2 sense cones 14
12 (11) Postocular setae expanded or bluntly pointed (Fig. 6D) Haplothrips subtilissimus
– Postocular setae acute (Fig. 6E) 13
13 (12) Tube more than 2.3 times longer than wide (Fig. 7A) Haplothrips alpester [part]
– Tube less than 2.3 times longer than wide (Fig. 7B) Haplothrips aculeatus
14 (11) Postocular setae short, not longer than the width of the eye (Fig. 6F) 15
– Postocular setae well developed and long (Fig. 7C) 18
15 (14) Setae S1 on tergite IX blunt apically (Fig. 7D) 16
– Setae S1 on tergite IX acute 17
16 (15) Antennal segment IV yellow at base (Fig. 7E) Haplothrips leucanthemi
– Antennal segment IV completely brown (Fig. 7F) Haplothrips propinquus
17 (15) Both anteromarginal and anteroangular setae stout and at least twice as long as discal setae (Fig. 7G) Haplothrips alpicola
– Anteromarginal setae minute, anteroangular setae sometimes longer but not as stout Haplothrips angusticornis
18 (14) Setae S1 on tergite IX blunt apically (cf. Fig. 7D) 19
– Setae S1 on tergite IX acute 21
19 (18) Postocular setae acute (Fig. 7H) Haplothrips tritici [part]
– Postocular setae bluntly pointed (Fig. 5B) 20
20 (19) Maxillary stylets one 1/3–1/4 of head width apart (Fig. 5B); tibia I brown Haplothrips senecionis
– Maxillary stylets about 1/5 of the head width apart (Fig. 7C); tibia I yellow apically Haplothrips statices
21 (18) Distal cilia of fore wings with barbs (in high magnification), in lower magnification visible as a rough or frizzled surface (Fig. 8A) Haplothrips setiger
– Distal cilia of fore wings smooth 22
22 (21) Postocular setae bluntly pointed (Fig. 8B) 23
– Postocular setae acute (Fig. 7H) 24
23 (22) Maxillary stylets about a fourth of head width apart (Fig. 8B); tibia I yellow but brown basally Haplothrips verbasci
– Maxillary stylets about half of head width apart (Fig. 8C); tibia I wholly yellow Haplothrips acanthoscelis
24 (22) Maxillary stylets close together, almost meeting medially (Fig. 8D) Haplothrips utae
– Maxillary stylets at least a third of head width apart (Fig. 4E) 25
25 (24) Maxillary stylets half of head width apart (cf. Fig. 8C) Haplothrips distinguendus
– Maxillary stylets 0.3–0.4 of head width apart (Fig. 7H) 26
26 (25) Antennal segments III–IV, sometimes also V–VI, brown with yellow base, segments VII–VIII brown (Fig. 8E) Haplothrips hukkineni
– Antennal segment III shaded yellow to light brown, IV–VII brown (Fig. 8F) 27
27 (26) Anteromarginal setae short, about as long as discal setae (Fig. 8G) Haplothrips alpester [part]
– Anteromarginal setae long, at least twice as long as discal setae (cf. Fig. 7G) Haplothrips tritici [part]
28 (8) Fore femora with apical teeth (Fig. 9A); 3 sense cones on antennal segment III–IV (Fig. 9B) Acanthothrips nodicornis
– Fore femora without apical teeth; if teeth are present then antennal segment IV with 4 sense cones 29
29 (28) Eyes ventrally elongated (Fig. 9C) Cephalothrips monilicornis
– Eyes not ventrally elongated 30
30 (29) Mouth cone long and pointed, extending beyond posterior margin of pronotum (Fig. 9D) Poecilothrips albopictus
– Mouth cone shorter 31
31 (30) Antennal segment III without sense cones (Fig. 9E) Lispothrips crassipes
– Antennal segment III with at least 1 sense cone (Fig. 9F) 32
32 (31) Antennal segment III with 1 sense cone 33 (Liothrips)
– Antennal segment III with 2 or 3 sense cones (Fig. 9F) 34
33 (32) Setae S1 on abdominal tergite IX about as long as tube (Fig. 9G) Liothrips austriacus
– Setae S1 on abdominal tergite IX about half as long as tube (Fig. 10A) Liothrips setinodis
34 (32) Abdomen clearly bicolored, with at least segment VIII–IX largely yellow (Fig. 10B); tube yellow but often with dark transverse terminal band or shading; micropterous forms usually with head and pronotum yellow 35
– Abdomen uniformly brown or uniformly yellow, sometimes with pale or red markings 36
35 (34) Abdominal segment VIII–X yellow (Fig. 10B) Hoplothrips pedicularius
– Abdominal segment VI–X yellow Hoplothrips caespitis [part]
36 (34) Pronotum with 5 pairs of well-developed setae, sometimes short but stout (Fig. 10C) 37
– Pronotum with 4 pairs of well-developed setae, anteromarginals not distinctly stouter than discal setae 43
37 (36) Postocular setae present but short, shorter or as long as width of eyes (Fig. 10D); setae S1 on abdominal tergite IX distinctly shorter than half of the length of tube (Fig. 10F) 38 (Phlaeothrips)
– Postocular setae well developed and as long as or longer than the length of eyes (Fig. 10E); setae S1 on abdominal tergite IX at least half as long as tube (Fig. 10G) 41
38 (37) Head with lateral tubercles (Fig. 10H) 39
– Head without lateral tubercles (Fig. 10D) 40
39 (38) Antennal segment III about 3 times as long as wide. Tibia I often completely yellow (Fig. 10I) Phlaeothrips coriaceus
– Antennal segment III less than 2.6 times as long as wide. Tibia I usually yellow apically (Fig. 10J) Phlaeothrips denticauda
40 (38) Fore tibiae largely yellow, mid and hind tibiae distinctly bicolored with yellow apex and base (Fig. 10K) Phlaeothrips annulipes
– All tibiae brown Phlaeothrips bispinosus
41 (37) Postocular setae (Fig. 10E) and setae S1 on abdominal tergite IX expanded apically (Fig. 10G). Fore wings constricted medially Hoplandrothrips bidens
– Postocular setae and setae S1 on abdominal tergite IX acute. Fore wings parallel sided 42
42 (41) Large pronotal setae expanded apically (Fig. 11A) Holothrips schaubergeri
– Large pronotal setae acute Hoplothrips polysticti [part]
43 (36) Antennal segment IV with 2 sense cones (Fig. 9F) 44
– Antennal segment IV with 3 or 4 sense cones 48
44 (43) Maxillary stylets about 1/3 of head width apart (Fig. 11B) 45
– Maxillary stylets close together, meeting or almost meeting medially (Fig. 4B) 46
45 (44) Large pronotal setae expanded apically (cf. Fig. 11A). Antennal segments VII and VIII broadly attached Hoplothrips longisetis
– Pronotal setae acute Hoplothrips caespitis [part]
46 (44) Setae S1 as long as or longer than tube (Fig. 11C) Hoplothrips unicolor [part]
– Setae S1 shorter than tube 47
47 (46) Antennal segment I slightly tapering apically, apical width less than 40 microns (Fig. 11D). Macropterous females with clusters of small sense cones on antennal segments IV–V (Fig. 11D) Hoplothrips semicaecus [part]
– Antennal segment I more evenly tubular, apical width more than 40 microns Hoplothrips carpathicus
48 (43) Antennal segment IV with 3 sense cones 49
– Antennal segment IV with 4 sense cones 52
49 (48) Macropterous females with cluster of small sense cones on antennal segments IV–V (Fig. 11D). Males with small eyes, abdominal sternite VIII with irregularly and broadly shaped glandular pore area on sternite VIII Hoplothrips semicaecus [part]
– Antennal segments different. Males without consciously small eyes, if small then with a defined circular glandular pore area on abdominal sternite VIII (Fig. 11E) 50
50 (49) Setae S1 on abdominal tergite IX blunt apically (Fig. 11F) Thorybothrips unicolor
– Setae S1 on tergite abdominal IX acute (Fig. 11G) 51
51 (50) Setae S1 on abdominal tergite IX as long as or longer than tube (Fig. 11C) Hoplothrips unicolor [part]
– Setae S1 on abdominal tergite IX shorter than tube (Fig. 11G) Hoplothrips polysticti [part]
52 (48) Major pronotal setae expanded (cf. Fig. 11A) Hoplandrothrips williamsianus
– Major pronotal setae acute or blunt, not expanded 53
53 (52) Antennal segment III asymmetric with long and strongly inwards curving sense cone at inner margin (Fig. 11H) Hoplothrips fungi
– Sense cones on segment III forwardly pointing and stout 54
54 (53) Antennal segments IV–VI brown, IV at most slightly shaded (Fig. 11D) 55
– Antennal segments IV–VI bicolored with basal half yellow (Fig. 11I) 56
55 (54) Antennal segment VIII not distinctly constricted at base, VII and VIII confluent (Fig. 11D) Hoplothrips semicaecus [part]
– Antennal segment VIII constricted at base, separating VII and VIII (Fig. 11J) Hoplothrips polysticti [part]
56 (54) All tibiae completely yellow (Fig. 11K) Hoplothrips corticis
– Only fore tibia yellow, mid and hind tibiae at most yellow basally and apically (Fig. 11L) Hoplothrips ulmi

Checklist of the Swedish Phlaeothripidae

Idolothripinae Bagnall, 1908

Diagnosis. The Idolothripinae are distinguished by the broad maxillary stylets. The maxillary stylets are at least 5 μm broad.

Notes. There are seven known species in Sweden in this subfamily. The broad maxillary stylets are hypothesized to be an adaptation to feeding on fungal spores (Mound and Palmer 1983).

Bacillothrips Buffa, 1908

Bacillothrips nobilis (Bagnall, 1909)

Figs 4C, 5C, D

Distribution. Go.

Remarks. First record for Sweden. In Fennoscandia this species has previously been recorded from Denmark, Norway, and Finland (Kobro 2011; Gertsson 2015b). Feeding on fungal spores (Mound 1974), and found in dry grass, sedges, and on dead branches mainly from Salix L. (Mound et al. 1976; Schliephake and Klimt 1979).

Material examined. Sweden • 1♀; Gotland, Gotlands kommun, Vitärtskällan; 57.8512°N, 18.8123°E; 10 Jul. 2011; B. Eklund, leg.; Malaise trap; Loc. 029-06.

Bolothrips Priesner, 1926

Bolothrips bicolor Heeger, 1852

Distribution. Up.

Bolothrips dentipes (Reuter, 1880)

Fig. 5A

Distribution. Sk, Sm, Öl, Ög, Bo, Sö, Up, Lu.

Bolothrips icarus (Uzel, 1895)

Fig. 4A

Figure 4. 

head, dorsal view A Bolothrips icarus B Hoplothrips carpathicus C Bacillothrips nobilis (ocellar triangle) D Cryptothrips nigripes. Abbreviations: bps: base of postocular seta, ms: maxillary stylets. Scale bars: 100 μm.

Distribution. Sk, Öl, Go, GS, Sö, Up.

Remark. First record for Sö.

Material examined. Sweden • 1♀; Södermanland, Nyköping kommun, Skeppsvik; dry meadow at roadside with Crepis, Vicia, and Plantago; 58.6399°N, 16.8225°E; 3 Jun. 2021; E. Wahlberg, leg.

Cryptothrips Uzel, 1895

Cryptothrips nigripes (Reuter, 1880)

Fig. 4D

Distribution. Sk, Sm, Öl, Bo, Sö, Up, Vs, Vr, Dr, Lu.

Megathrips Targioni-Tozzetti, 1881

Megathrips lativentris (Heeger, 1852)

Fig. 5F

Figure 5. 

A, B head, dorsal view A Bolothrips dentipes (ventral margins of eyes also visible) B Haplothrips senecionis C habitus, dorsal view, Bacillothrips nobilis D, E pelta D B. nobilis E Megalothrips bonanni F fore leg, Megathrips lativentris. Abbreviations: mb: maxillary bridge, ps: postocular setae, lwp: lateral wings of pelta. Scale bars: 100 μm (A, B, D, E), 1 mm (C).

Distribution. Sk, Bl, Sm, Öl, Go, GS, Ög, Vg, Bo, Ds, Nä, Sö, Up, Vr, Dr, Gä, Hs, Me, Hr, Jä, Ån, Vb, Nb, Ly, Pi, Lu, To.

Megalothrips Uzel, 1895

Megalothrips bonanni Uzel, 1895

Fig. 5E

Distribution. Sk.

Phlaeothripinae Uzel, 1895

Diagnosis. Differentiated from Idolothripinae by the slender maxillary stylets, at most 3 microns wide.

Notes. The majority of phlaeothripids belongs to this subfamily; from Sweden 42 species are known. The life histories are very varying, ranging from species feeding on fungal hyphae to predatory species (Mound and Tree 2020).

Acanthothrips Uzel, 1895

Acanthothrips nodicornis (Reuter, 1880)

Fig. 9A, B

Distribution. Sm, Bo, Sö, Up, Vs, Vr, Dr.

Cephalothrips Uzel, 1895

Cephalothrips monilicornis (Reuter, 1880)

Fig. 9C

Distribution. Sk, Vg, Öl, Sm, Sö, Up, Vr.

Remark. First record for Vg.

Material examined. Sweden • 2♀♀; Västergötland, Laxå kommun, Finnerödja; sandy slope with Carex and Calluna; 58.9297°N, 14.3400°E; 5 Jun. 2021; E. Wahlberg, leg.

Haplothrips Amyot & Serville, 1843

Haplothrips acanthoscelis (Karny, 1910)

Fig. 8C

Distribution. Sk, Öl.

Haplothrips aculeatus (Fabricius, 1803)

Fig. 7B

Distribution. Sk, Bl, Ha, Sm, Öl, Go, Ög, Vg, Bo, Sö, Up.

Remarks. First record for Ha.

Material examined. Sweden • 1♀; Halland, Varberg kommun, Tvååker; meadow on old cultivated land with Quercus, Fagus, and Fraxinus; 57.0208°N, 12.4795°E; 19 May 2021; E. Wahlberg, leg.

Haplothrips alpester Priesner, 1914

Figs 6E, 7A, 8G

Figure 6. 

A–C part of antenna, dorsal view, I–VI: segment number A Xylaplothrips fuliginosus B Haplothrips subtilissimus C segment IV, ventral view, H. subtilissimus D–F dorsal view of right side of head D H. subtilissimus E H. alpester F H. leucanthemi. Abbreviations: sc: sense cones, br: bristle, ps: postocular setae. Scale bars: 100 μm.

Distribution. Sk, Öl, Vg, Sö, Vr, Ly.

Remarks. First record for Sö. This species is variable in the number of sense cones on segment III.

Material examined. Sweden • 1♂; Södermanland, Nyköping kommun, Skeppsvik; marsh with Hierochloë, Juncus, Carex, Luzula and Schoenoplectus; 58.6456°N, 16.8431°E; 3 Jun. 2021; E. Wahlberg, leg.

Haplothrips alpicola Priesner, 1950

Fig. 7G

Figure 7. 

A, B dorsal view of tube A Haplothrips alpester B H. aculeatus C head, dorsal view, H. statices D tergite IX, dorsal setae, H. leucanthemi E, F antennae, dorsal view, antennal segment IV marked E H. leucanthemi F H. propinquus G part of pronotum, dorsal view, H. alpicola H head dorsal view, H. tritici. Abbreviations: ms: maxillary stylets, S1: setae 1, am: anteromarginal setae, ds: discal setae, ps: postocular setae. Scale bars: 100 microns.

Distribution. Ly.

Haplothrips angusticornis Priesner, 1921

Distribution. Sk, Ög, Up, Vr.

Haplothrips distinguendus (Uzel, 1895)

Distribution. Sk, Sm, Vg, Up.

Haplothrips hukkineni Priesner, 1939

Fig. 8E

Figure 8. 

A distal portion of fore wing, Haplothrips setiger B–D dorsal view of head B H. verbasci C H. acanthoscelis D H. utae E, F antennae, III–VI: segment number E H. hukkineni F H. tritici G pronotum, dorsal view, H. alpester. Abbreviations: ps: postocular setae, ms: maxillary stylets, am: anteromarginal setae, ds: discal setae. Scale bars: 100 μm.

Distribution. Sk, Sm, Öl, Go Sö, Up, Vr.

Haplothrips leucanthemi (Schrank, 1781)

Figs 1, 6F, 7D–E

Distribution. Sk, Ha, Sm, Öl, Bo, Ds, Nä, Ög, Sö, Up, Vr, Jä, Vb, Lu, To.

Remark. First record for Ha.

Material examined. Sweden • 1♂; Halland, Halmstad kommun, Särdal; on Armeria maritima; 56.7367°N, 12.6472°E; 19 May 2021; E. Wahlberg, leg.

Haplothrips minutus (Uzel, 1895)

Distribution. Sk, Sö.

Haplothrips propinquus Bagnall, 1933

Fig. 7F

Distribution. Sk, Sö, Up, Vr, Gä, Hs, Jä, Lu.

Haplothrips senecionis Bagnall, 1932

Fig. 5B

Distribution. Öl.

Haplothrips setiger Priesner, 1921

Fig. 8A

Distribution. Sk.

Haplothrips statices (Haliday, 1836)

Fig. 7C

Distribution. Sk, Bl, Ha, Sm, Öl, Ög, Bo, Sö, Up, Hs, Hr, Jä, Ån, Nb, Lu.

Haplothrips subtilissimus (Haliday, 1852)

Fig. 6B–D

Distribution. Sk, Sm, Sö, Up.

Remark. First record for Sm.

Material examined. Sweden • 1♀; Småland, Kalmar kommun, Bottorp; alley with Quercus and Prunus; 56.591923°N, 16.212710°E; 11 May 2021; E. Wahlberg, leg.

Haplothrips tritici (Kurdjumov, 1912)

Figs 7H, 8F

Distribution. Sö.

Remark. Setae variable in shape.

Haplothrips utae Klimt, 1970

Figs 3, 8D

Distribution. Sk, Sm.

Haplothrips verbasci Osborn, 1896

Fig. 8B

Figure 9. 

A fore leg, Acanthothrips nodicornis B antennal segment IV, A. nodicornis C head, ventral view, Cephalothrips monilicornis D head and pronotum with mouth cone (mesonotum detached), Poecilothrips albopictus E, F antennae, I–VIII: segment number E Lispothrips crassipes F Hoplothrips longisetis G abdominal segments IX–X, parts of the protruding phallus visible right side under the tube, Liothrips austriacus. Abbreviations: sc: sense cones, mc: mouth cone, S1: setae 1. Scale bars: 100 μm.

Distribution. Sk.

Holothrips Karny, 1911

Holothrips schaubergeri (Priesner, 1920)

Fig. 11A

Distribution. Sö.

Hoplandrothrips Hood, 1912

Hoplandrothrips bidens (Bagnall, 1910)

Fig. 10E, G

Figure 10. 

A abdominal segments IX–X, Liothrips setinodis B abdomen, dorsal view, VI–X: segment number, Hoplothrips pedicularius C pronotom, dorsal view, Phlaeothrips annulipes D–E left half of head, dorsal view D P. annulipes E Hoplandothrips bidens F, G abdominal segments IX (setae) and X F P. annulipes G H. bidens H head, dorsal view, Phlaeothrips coriaceus I–K fore legs, dorsal view I P. coriaceus J P. denticauda K mid leg, P. annulipes. Abbreviations: S1: setae 1, am: anteromarginal setae, ds: discal setae, ps: postocular setae. Scale bars: 100 μm.

Distribution. Sk, Öl, Up.

Hoplandrothrips williamsianus Priesner, 1923

Distribution. Vr.

Hoplothrips Amyot & Serville, 1843

Hoplothrips caespitis (Uzel, 1895)

Distribution. Sk.

Remarks. This species is variable in body colour, occurring in both bicolored and completely brown forms.

Hoplothrips carpathicus Pelikán, 1961

Fig. 4B

Distribution. Sk, Ds, Sö, Up, Vr.

Hoplothrips corticis (de Geer, 1773)

Fig. 11K

Figure 11. 

A anterolateral portion of pronotum, dorsal view, Holothrips schaubergeri B head, dorsal view, Hoplothrips longisetis C segments IX (setae) and X, H. unicolor D antennae, I–VIII: segment number, H. semicaecus E abdominal sternite VIII, H. unicolor F, G abdominal segments IX–X F Thorybothrips unicolor G Hoplothrips polysticti H antennal segment III, H. fungi I antenna, H. ulmi J antennal segments V–VIII, H. polysticti K, L mid leg K H. corticis L H. ulmi. Abbreviations: aa: anteroangular setae, ms: maxillary stylets, sc: sense cones, ga: glandular pore area. Scale bars: 100 μm.

Distribution. Sk, Bl, Öl, Go, GS, Sm, Ög, Bo, Sö, Up, Vb, Nb.

Remark. First record for Nb.

Material examined. Sweden • 1♀; Norrbotten, Åsele, Björnlandet national park; 63.9702°N, 18.0533°E; 12–26 Jul. 2011; K. Norberg, B.O. Johansson, leg.; Malaise trap; Loc. 034-04.

Hoplothrips fungi (Zetterstedt, 1828)

Fig. 11H

Distribution. Bl, Öl, Go, Up, Hs.

Hoplothrips longisetis (Bagnall, 1910)

Figs 9F, 11B

Distribution. Sk, Ds, Vr.

Hoplothrips pedicularius (Haliday, 1836)

Fig. 10B

Distribution. Sk, Sm, Sö, Up, Vr, Dr, Hs.

Hoplothrips polysticti (Morison, 1949)

Fig. 11G, J

Distribution. Sk, Ög, Vr, Dr, Vb.

Remarks. This species is variable in the number of sense cones on both antennal segments III and IV, as well as in number of large pronotal seatae.

Hoplothrips semicaecus (Uzel, 1895)

Fig. 11D

Distribution. Sk, Ha, Up.

Remarks. First record for Ha. Very variable in the number of sense cones on both antennal segments III and IV, as well as many structural differences in macropterous and apterous males and females.

Material examined. Sweden • 3♂♂; Halland, Falkenberg kommun, Vessigebro; deciduous forest (Fagus), in Fomes fomentarius; 57.0575°N, 12.7888°E; 18 May 2021; E. Wahlberg, leg.

Hoplothrips ulmi (Fabricius, 1781)

Fig. 11I, L

Distribution. Sk, Bl, Ha, Sm, Öl, Go, GS, Ög, Bo, Ds, Sö, Up, Vs, Vr, Dr, Ån, Vb, Lu.

Hoplothrips unicolor (Vuillet, 1914)

Fig. 11C, E

Distribution. Sö.

Remark. This species is variable in the number of sense cones on antennal segment IV.

Liothrips Uzel, 1895

Liothrips austriacus (Karny, 1910)

Fig. 9G

Distribution. Vr.

Liothrips setinodis (Reuter, 1880)

Fig. 10A

Distribution. Ha, Up.

Lispothrips Reuter, 1899

Lispothrips crassipes (Jablonowski, 1894)

Fig. 9E

Distribution. Sm.

Phlaeothrips annulipes Reuter, 1880

Fig. 10C, D, F, K

Distribution. Sk, Sm, Ög, Bo, Sö, Up, Vs, Vr, Dr, Vb.

Phlaeothrips bispinosus Priesner, 1919

Distribution. Vr.

Phlaeothrips coriaceus Haliday, 1836

Fig. 10H, I

Distribution. Sk, Bl, Ha, Sm, Öl, Go, Bo, Sö, Up, Vs, Hs, Vb.

Phlaeothrips denticauda Priesner, 1914

Fig. 10J

Distribution. Sk, Vr.

Poecilothrips Uzel, 1895

Poecilothrips albopictus Uzel, 1895

Fig. 9D

Distribution. Sk, Vr.

Thorybothrips Priesner, 1924

Thorybothrips unicolor (Schille, 1911)

Fig. 11F

Distribution. Öl, Go.

Xylaplothrips Priesner, 1928

Xylaplothrips fuliginosus (Schille, 1911)

Fig. 6A

Distribution. Sm, Ha, Sö, Ds, Vr, Dr, Lu, To.

Remark. First record for Ha and Sö.

Material examined. Sweden • 1♂; Halland, Falkenberg kommun, Vessigebro; on Larix decidua, 56.9748°N, 12.7288°E, 19 May 2021; E. Wahlberg, leg. • 2♀♀; Södermanland, Nyköping kommun, Skeppsvik; mixed forest; 58.6458°N, 16.8431°E; 03 Jun. 2021; E. Wahlberg, leg. • 1♀; Södermanland, Gnesta kommun, Fridsta; private garden with mixed vegetation; 59.0673°N, 17.1550°E; 14–21 Jun. 2021; E. Wahlberg, leg., window trap. • 1♂ Södermanland, Gnesta kommun, Önnersta; on dead Betula; 59.0470°N, 17.1460°E; 16 Jul. 2021; E. Wahlberg, leg.

Acknowledgements

We thank Andrea Hastenpflug-Vesmanis (Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum Senckenberg, Germany), Christoffer Fägerström (Lund Museum of Zoology, Sweden), Manfred R. Ulitzka (Thrips-ID, Offenburg, Germany), and Sverre Kobro (Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Norway) for their help in providing material used in this study. Raul Vicente kindly provided proofreading and linguistic help. This study is part of a project funded by the Swedish Taxonomy Initiative (SLU.dha.2020.4.3-228).

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