Research Article |
Corresponding author: Valeria Bauni ( valeria.bauni@fundacionazara.org.ar ) Academic editor: Aaron Bauer
© 2022 Valeria Bauni, Claudio Bertonatti, Adrián Giacchino, Facundo Schivo, Ezequiel Mabragaña, Ignacio Roesler, Juan José Rosso, Pablo Teta, Jorge D. Williams, Agustin M. Abba, Guillermo H. Cassini, María Berta Cousseau, David A. Flores, Damián M. Fortunato, María Emilia Giusti, Jorge Pablo Jayat, Jorge Liotta, Sergio Lucero, Tomás Martínez Aguirre, Javier A. Pereira, Jorge Crisci.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Bauni V, Bertonatti C, Giacchino A, Schivo F, Mabragaña E, Roesler I, Rosso JJ, Teta P, Williams JD, Abba AM, Cassini GH, Cousseau MB, Flores DA, Fortunato DM, Giusti ME, Jayat JP, Liotta J, Lucero S, Aguirre TM, Pereira JA, Crisci J (2022) Biodiversity of vertebrates in Argentina: patterns of richness, endemism and conservation status. ZooKeys 1085: 101-127. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1085.76033
|
Optimising conservation efforts requires an accurate record of the extant species as well as their geographic distributions. Nevertheless, most current conservation strategies start from an incomplete biodiversity inventory. Argentina has an extraordinary diversity of species, however, until now an updated inventory of its fauna has not been carried out. In this context, the main objective of this work is to present the results of the first national inventory of vertebrate species. Experts from each major vertebrate taxonomic group assembled and compiled its respective inventory. The information gathered included taxonomic rank, conservation status, endemism and geographic distribution. Species richness and representativeness were calculated for each taxonomic group, distinguishing between native, endemic and exotic, for each Argentinian province. Our results show Argentina harbours 3,303 species: 574 marine fish, 561 freshwater fish, 177 amphibians, 450 reptiles, 1,113 birds, and 428 mammals. Native species constitute 98.1% of the total taxa. The results achieved were spatially represented showing a pattern of higher richness from north to south and from east to west. Species considered as threatened account for 17.8% and 15.2% are endemic. There are five Extinct species. These results provide key information on developing strategies and public policies at the national and provincial levels and constitute a tool for the management and conservation of biodiversity.
Amphibians, biological inventory, birds, freshwater fish, mammals, marine fish, reptiles
There are many estimates of the total number of species in the world, which oscillate by tens of millions (
Recently, the IPBES Panel (Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services) drew the world’s attention by confirming that human actions have raised -and accelerated- the global extinction rate of wild species at an unprecedented rate when compared to the last 10 million years. So much so that 25% of animals and plants species assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) are threatened (
In this context, optimising conservation efforts requires accurately recording species and assessing where they live (
The earliest systematic record of biodiversity in Argentina dates back to the studies of Félix de Azara (Azara 1801, 1802–1805). Since then, lists, catalogues, and reference collections have been added, which require being constantly updated. In Argentina, extraordinary ecosystem diversity results in a great diversity of species. In the case of faunal species, precise estimates of their richness are mostly scattered and outdated. For the case of plant species, there is an updated and complete national catalogue comprising 10,221 species of vascular plants (
Amidst a global change crisis, knowing the list of existing taxa became essential (
Despite representing only 3.45% of described species (73,118 species) and a much lower fraction of extant species (
The continental area of Argentina extends for 2,791,810 km² (
Experts were convened to elaborate and compile an updated inventory of vertebrate species in Argentina: marine and freshwater fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. In order to expedite the following analyses, a single merged database was compiled for all taxa, which included the following information for each recorded species: Class, Order, Family, scientific name, common name, synonyms, and national conservation status (or international, in the case of groups that did not have national evaluations; e.g., marine fish). If a species was endemic to Argentina, the region of endemism and distribution (presence by province) were also included. Argentinian provinces have authority over their natural resources and conservation actions must be conducted in agreement with the corresponding authorities. Therefore, the presentation of results segregated by provinces is not a matter of convenience, but applicability. The inventory also considers introduced, invasive and/or exotic species.
The conservation categories used by the different national lists were homologised to unify criteria differing between them, and fit to the international categories of the IUCN (Table
Unified Conservation Status Categories | Acronym |
---|---|
Extinct | EX |
Extinct in the Wild | EW |
Regionally Extinct | EXR |
Critically Endangered | CR |
Endangered | EN |
Vulnerable | VU |
Near Threatened | NT |
Least Concern | LC |
Not Threatened | NA |
Data Deficient | DD |
Not Evaluated | NE |
Not applicable | NAP |
Marine fishes. The list of marine fish compiles information that includes the continental shelf and slope between 34°S and 55°S and the Uruguayan shelf based on the existence of the Argentina-Uruguay Common Fishing Zone. It is based on different bibliographic sources (
Freshwater fishes. The list was compiled from different information sources regarding the presence and distribution of freshwater fish in Argentina (
Amphibians and reptiles. For the compilation of these groups the information was obtained from an exhaustive bibliographic review, comprising lists published by
Birds. Taxonomic order was based on the combination of different sources frequently used by Neotropical ornithologists, which are mostly used as references in scientific publications from Argentina (e.g., El Hornero and Nuestras aves). Systematics follows the nomenclature proposed by specialists in the “Argentina Committee of Ornithological Records” (CARO, Spanish abbreviation) (
Mammals. The taxonomic list in this work was based on
The complete list of all vertebrates was published as a book and is freely accessible at the following web: https://www.fundacionazara.org.ar/img/libros/inventario-biologico-argentino.pdf (
Argentina’s national vertebrate inventory comprises 3,303 species: 574 marine fish, 561 freshwater fish, 177 amphibians, 450 reptiles, 1113 birds and 428 mammals. In total, 98.1% are native (3,240 spp.) and 15.2% (492 spp.) endemic (Table
Total number (and percentage) of species richness, native species, exotic species, and percentage endemism by taxonomic group. *The percentage of endemic species is calculated over the total of native species of the group.
Taxonomic group | Total | Native | Exotic | Endemic* |
---|---|---|---|---|
Marine fishes | 574 (17.4%) | 570 (99.3%) | 4 (0.7%) | 20 (3.5%) |
Freshwater fishes | 561 (17%) | 539 (96.1%) | 22 (3.9%) | 96 (17.8%) |
Amphibians | 177 (5.4%) | 176 (99.4%) | 1 (0.6%) | 52 (29.5%) |
Reptiles | 450 (13.6%) | 446 (99.1%) | 4 (0.9%) | 216 (48.4%) |
Birds | 1,113 (33.7%) | 1,102 (99.0%) | 11 (1.0%) | 21 (1.9%) |
Mammals | 428 (13%) | 407 (95.1%) | 21 (4.9%) | 87 (21.4%) |
Total | 3,303 (100%) | 3,240 (98.1%) | 63 (1.9%) | 492 (15.2%) |
Misiones province exhibits the highest species richness of continental vertebrates in Argentina (1,190 spp.) followed by Salta (1,092 spp.) and Corrientes (1,079 spp., Fig.
Neuquén has the highest number of exotic species, which includes five freshwater fishes and five birds as well as eleven mammals. Santa Cruz has the highest percentage of exotic freshwater fishes (six species, 46.2%; Appendix
Catamarca displays the highest number of endemic species (41 reptiles, 23 mammals, nine amphibians, and eight freshwater fishes) (Fig.
Species considered as threatened (577 spp.) account for 17.8% of all native species, comprising 198 birds, 133 reptiles, 98 mammals, 74 marine fishes, 27 freshwater fishes, and 47 amphibians (Table
Number of species in each conservation status category and total numbers and percentages of threatened and threatened endemic species (EX, Extinct; EXR, Regionally Extinct; CR, Critically Endangered; EN, Endangered; VU, Vulnerable; NT, Near Threatened; LC, Least Concern; NA, Not Threatened; DD, Data Deficient; NE, Not Evaluated; NAP, Not Applicable; “?”, possible). *CR, EN, VU, percentages are calculated over the total of native species of the group. ** Percentages are calculated over the total of endemic species of the group.
Taxonomic Group | EX | EXR | EXR? | CR | EN | VU | NT | LC | NA | DD | NE | NAP | Threatened species* | Threatened Endemic species** |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Marine fishes | – | – | – | 17 | 17 | 40 | 16 | 300 | – | 35 | 143 | 2 | 74 (13.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
Freshwater fishes | – | – | – | 3 | 2 | 22 | 194 | 115 | 12 | 31 | 160 | – | 27 (5.0%) | 11 (11.5%) |
Amphibians | – | – | – | – | 18 | 29 | – | – | 100 | 20 | 9 | – | 47 (26.7%) | 33 (63.5%) |
Reptiles | – | – | – | – | 38 | 95 | – | – | 218 | 49 | 46 | – | 133 (29.8%) | 56 (25.9%) |
Birds | 2 | – | 3 | 18 | 90 | 90 | – | 790 | – | 23 | 86 | – | 198 (18.0%) | 12 (57.1%) |
Mammals | 3 | 2 | – | 7 | 26 | 65 | 40 | 175 | – | 72 | 6 | 11 | 98 (24.1%) | 32 (36.8%) |
Total | 5 | 2 | 3 | 45 | 191 | 341 | 250 | 1380 | 330 | 230 | 450 | 13 | 577 (17.8%) | 144 (29.3%) |
Twenty-one percent of species were Not Evaluated or Data Deficient, with fish contributing the largest number of species (191 freshwaters, 178 marines).
Misiones has the highest number of threatened vertebrate species (CR, EN, VU) with 176, which corresponds to 15% of extant native species in the province. The total number of threatened species is higher in northern provinces and in the Argentinian Sea (Fig.
Threatened species by taxonomic group and province A number of threatened species by taxonomic group and total number of total threatened vertebrate species in each province B percentage of threatened species over the number of total native species of each taxonomic group present in the province and total threatened species in each province as a percentage of total vertebrate species.
The results obtained in this study constitute the first analysis of geographical occurrence and conservation status, which highlights endemism, of all vertebrates that inhabit Argentina. Moreover, results are further disaggregated by both native and exotic species. Altogether, this study represents a precise, updated and spatially explicit source of information of vertebrate species, at both the national and provincial levels, for all assessed taxonomic groups. In this regard, it may serve as a reliable tool for multiple uses and users. The information generated by experts in this study establish the foundations for further research in multiple aspects and disciplines of conservation science, involving the assessed taxa. Our results facilitate prioritising research lines and conservation programmes in-situ and ex-situ, further assisting researchers and decision-makers focusing on either endemic or threatened species. In addition, we expect our products to become essential for local decision-makers, who usually lack spatially explicit information regarding actual biodiversity in their areas. This inventory might also be used as background information to update legislation in order to strengthen the protection of endemic and endangered species in each province. More importantly, it will provide key assistance in clarifying the potential geographic distribution of species captured, hunted, traded, or illegally introduced into the country.
The National Biodiversity Strategies and Action Plan (NBSAP) is a process by which countries can plan to address the threats to their flora and fauna. They are the principal instruments for the implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity, both at the national and at the global level (
Updating inventories of species is a continuous and tedious process, as new descriptions and nomenclatural changes are published. One of the most complex tasks to complete in this study was to collect information, from different sources such as systematic lists or databases, field surveys, bibliographic reviews and analysis of natural history collections. Simultaneously, taxonomic changes may occur while collecting information. Another complex challenge was introduced by non-standardised and differing conservation categories. The differing national catalogues for each taxonomic group, when present, use different criteria in their classifications. To even these differences, this work unifies the aforementioned criteria with the international categories in order to comprehensively analyse data and make worldwide comparisons, when applicable. Marine fishes do not have national categorisation, and the IUCN Red List criteria were applied to assess their extinction risk at the global level. Using these criteria on a national scale poses disadvantages (
Latin America and the Caribbean region support rich biological diversity, accounting for around 60% of global terrestrial life, alongside with diverse freshwater and marine flora and fauna (
The decline in species richness as latitude increases is one of the most consistent patterns in biogeography, having been identified in groups of organisms such as mammals, fish, insects, and plants (
Almost 18% of vertebrate species present in Argentina are threatened. The taxonomic group with the highest number of threatened is reptiles, with almost 30% of their species under some category of threat. On the other hand, amphibians have 63.5% of endemic species under threat. Argentina has five Extinct species, two Regionally Extinct and three possibly Regionally Extinct, belonging to mammals and birds. Among mammals, Pteronura brasiliensis has not been recorded in the country since 1980 but a solitary specimen has recently been observed in Chaco and Formosa provinces. Among birds, the extinct Primolius maracana was last recorded in the 1990’s (
Worldwide, 27% of mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians are threatened by invasive alien species (
Argentina has 492 endemic vertebrate species, which represent almost 15% of the native vertebrates of the country. Approximately, 50% of reptiles and 30% of amphibians are endemic. This information is valuable for planning conservation strategies. Apart from threatened species, endemic species are indeed an important target of global conservation efforts (
If we consider the species in Not Evaluated and Data Deficient categories altogether, they totalise 21% of the total vertebrate diversity of Argentina. Freshwater and marine fish are taxonomic groups with the highest number of Not Evaluated species (35.4% and 31.2%, respectively). This number is higher than threatened species and shows that these species should be regarded as relatively high priorities for research in order to clarify their true status (
Protected areas (PA) are critical for biodiversity conservation (
The importance of compiling a national inventory of vertebrate species is not only relevant from a taxonomic standpoint. It also constitutes a mandatory input in further assessing current biodiversity, as well as in prioritising efforts in environmental management, decision-making, and development of public policies at the national or provincial level. For instance, identifying priority provinces or taxa for in situ or ex situ conservation, science and education, and developing monitoring and early warning systems in the presence of exotic species that can potentially become invasive. This inventory provides the basis to analyse, study, objectively quantify, monitor, prioritise and value the vertebrate biodiversity of Argentina. In addition, to update the legislation, document the current diversity and geographic occurrence of species (as a future reference) and provide citizens with a simple tool that allows them to know their natural heritage.
Only results for a single animal subphylum are presented here. In the future, the final objective of our initiative is to include groups of invertebrates, which represent a larger volume of species. When completed, Argentina will have a complete national inventory of animal biodiversity. The effort at this scale should stimulate a continuity that emulates the Catalogue of Life (
The authors want to thank the work done by Fernando Vázquez Mazzini for materializing the inventory into a book. Thanks are due to Sergio Bogan for his support and advice, to Florencia Chomnalez and Adriana Vescovo for advice on maps, and to the National Geographic Institute (IGN) for the availability of freely accessible layers for the generation of them. Special thanks to Diego S. Aquino for his contribution in language revision and Aaron Bauer for his invaluable contributions to improve the manuscript.
Total number (and percentage, regarding national richness) of native and endemic species by taxonomic group and province. The number of exotic species is the difference between the richness and the number of native species in each case. * Buenos Aires includes Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. ** Not all species are endemic to the Argentina Sea but may be from a portion of it.
Taxonomic group | Marine fishes | Freshwater fishes | Amphibians | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Province | Richness | Native | Exotic | Endemic | Richness | Native | Exotic | Endemic | Richness | Native | Exotic | Endemic |
Buenos Aires* | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 227 (40.5%) | 216 (40.1%) | 11 (50.0%) | 6 (6.3%) | 30 (16.9%) | 29 (16.5%) | 1 (100.0%) | 2 (3.8%) |
Catamarca | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 38 (6.8%) | 35 (6.5%) | 3 (13.6%) | 8 (8.3%) | 26 (14.7%) | 26 (14.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | 9 (17.3%) |
Chaco | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 166 (29.6%) | 165 (30.6%) | 1 (4.5%) | 4 (4.2%) | 48 (27.1%) | 48 (27.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
Chubut | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 17 (3.0%) | 12 (2.2%) | 5 (22.7%) | 2 (2.1%) | 17 (9.6%) | 17 (9.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 4 (7.7%) |
Córdoba | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 56 (10.0%) | 50 (9.3%) | 6 (27.3%) | 7 (7.3%) | 33 (18.6%) | 32 (18.2%) | 1 (100.0%) | 10 (19.2%) |
Corrientes | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 297 (52.9%) | 296 (54.9%) | 1 (4.5%) | 8 (8.3%) | 59 (33.3%) | 59 (33.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (3.8%) |
Entre Ríos | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 265 (47.2%) | 259 (48.1%) | 4 (18.2%) | 4 (4.2%) | 42 (23.7%) | 42 (23.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
Formosa | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 172 (30.7%) | 171 (31.7%) | 1 (4.5%) | 1 (1.0%) | 50 (28.2%) | 50 (28.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (1.9%) |
Jujuy | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 49 (8.7%) | 48 (8.9%) | 1 (4.5%) | 11 (11.5%) | 47 (26.6%) | 47 (26.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 12 (23.1%) |
La Pampa | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 25 (4.5%) | 20 (3.7%) | 5 (22.7%) | 2 (2.1%) | 11 (6.2%) | 11 (6.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (3.8%) |
La Rioja | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 17 (3.0%) | 14 (2.6%) | 3 (13.6%) | 3 (3.1%) | 15 (8.5%) | 15 (8.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 4 (7.7%) |
Mendoza | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 24 (4.3%) | 18 (3.3%) | 6 (27.3%) | 2 (2.1%) | 10 (5.6%) | 9 (5.1%) | 1 (100.0%) | 3 (5.8%) |
Misiones | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 335 (59.7%) | 331 (61.4%) | 4 (18.2%) | 39 (40.6%) | 63 (35.6%) | 62 (35.2%) | 1 (100.0%) | 2 (3.8%) |
Neuquén | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 19 (3.4%) | 14 (2.6%) | 5 (22.7%) | 1 (1.0%) | 23 (13.0%) | 23 (13.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 9 (17.3%) |
Río Negro | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 24 (4.3%) | 19 (3.5%) | 5 (22.7%) | 4 (4.2%) | 24 (13.6%) | 24 (13.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 7 (13.5%) |
Salta | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 160 (28.5%) | 156 (28.9%) | 4 (18.2%) | 12 (12.5%) | 54 (30.5%) | 53 (30.1%) | 1 (100.0%) | 10 (19.2%) |
San Juan | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 26 (4.6%) | 20 (3.7%) | 6 (27.3%) | 6 (6.3%) | 15 (8.5%) | 14 (8.0%) | 1 (100.0%) | 5 (9.6%) |
San Luis | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 21 (3.7%) | 16 (3.0%) | 5 (22.7%) | 4 (4.2%) | 18 (10.2%) | 18 (10.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 7 (13.5%) |
Santa Cruz | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 13 (2.3%) | 7 (1.3%) | 6 (27.3%) | 1 (1.0%) | 4 (2.3%) | 4 (2.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (1.9%) |
Santa Fe | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 215 (38.3%) | 211 (39.1%) | 4 (18.2%) | 2 (2.1%) | 53 (29.9%) | 52 (29.5%) | 1 (100.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
Santiago del Estero | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 49 (8.7%) | 47 (8.7%) | 2 (9.1%) | 3 (3.1%) | 31 (17.5%) | 31 (17.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (3.8%) |
Tierra del Fuego | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 8 (1.4%) | 5 (0.9%) | 3 (13.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
Tucumán | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 60 (10.7%) | 56 (10.4%) | 4 (18.2%) | 6 (6.3%) | 27 (15.3%) | 27 (15.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 7 (13.5%) |
Argentina Sea | 574 (100%) | 570 (99.3%) | 4 (0;7%) | 20 (3.5%)** | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
Taxonomic group | Reptiles | Birds | Mammals | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Province | Richness | Native | Exotic | Endemic | Richness | Native | Exotic | Endemic | Richness | Native | Exotic | Endemic |
Buenos Aires* | 60 (13.3%) | 56 (12.6%) | 4 (100.0%) | 12 (5.6%) | 479 (43.0%) | 471 (42.7%) | 8 (72.7%) | 5 (23.8%) | 122 (28.5%) | 112 (27.5%) | 10 (47.6%) | 10 (11.5%) |
Catamarca | 79 (17.6%) | 79 (17.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 41 (19.0%) | 437 (39.3%) | 435 (39.5%) | 2 (18.2%) | 11 (52.4%) | 91 (21.3%) | 87 (21.4%) | 4 (19.0%) | 23 (26.4%) |
Chaco | 100 (22.2%) | 99 (22.2%) | 1 (25.0%) | 1 (0.5%) | 422 (37.9%) | 419 (38.1%) | 2 (18.2%) | 3 (14.3%) | 102 (23.8%) | 96 (23.6%) | 6 (28.6%) | 5 (5.7%) |
Chubut | 53 (11.8%) | 53 (11.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 34 (15.7%) | 283 (25.4%) | 280 (25.4%) | 3 (27.3%) | 6 (28.6%) | 98 (22.9%) | 91 (22.4%) | 7 (33.3%) | 14 (16.1%) |
Córdoba | 70 (15.6%) | 70 (15.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 16 (7.4%) | 410 (36.8%) | 406 (36.8%) | 4 (36.4%) | 7 (33.3%) | 74 (17.3%) | 64 (15.7%) | 10 (47.6%) | 10 (11.5%) |
Corrientes | 104 (23.1%) | 103 (23.1%) | 1 (25.0%) | 4 (1.9%) | 511 (45.9%) | 509 (46.2%) | 2 (18.2%) | 1 (4.8%) | 108 (25.2%) | 98 (24.1%) | 10 (47.6%) | 5 (5.7%) |
Entre Ríos | 63 (14.0%) | 63 (14.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 385 (34.6%) | 381 (34.6%) | 4 (36.4%) | 3 (14.3%) | 64 (15.0%) | 56 (13.8%) | 8 (38.1%) | 3 (3.4%) |
Formosa | 91 (20.2%) | 90 (20.2%) | 1 (25.0%) | 2 (0.9%) | 429 (38.5%) | 427 (38.7%) | 2 (18.2%) | 2 (9.5%) | 108 (25.2%) | 102 (25.1%) | 6 (28.6%) | 3 (3.4%) |
Jujuy | 65 (14.4%) | 65 (14.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 6 (2.8%) | 584 (52.5%) | 582 (52.8%) | 2 (18.2%) | 6 (28.6%) | 139 (32.5%) | 135 (33.2%) | 4 (19.0%) | 8 (9.2%) |
La Pampa | 48 (10.7%) | 48 (10.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | 20 (9.3%) | 280 (25.2%) | 277 (25.1%) | 3 (27.3%) | 6 (28.6%) | 53 (12.4%) | 45 (11.1%) | 8 (38.1%) | 10 (11.5%) |
La Rioja | 60 (13.3%) | 60 (13.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 33 (15.3%) | 370 (33.2%) | 368 (33.4%) | 2 (18.2%) | 10 (47.6%) | 67 (15.7%) | 63 (15.5%) | 4 (19.0%) | 16 (18.4%) |
Mendoza | 80 (17.8%) | 80 (17.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 47 (21.8%) | 325 (29.2%) | 321 (29.1%) | 4 (36.4%) | 9 (42.9%) | 74 (17.3%) | 65 (16.0%) | 9 (42.9%) | 21 (24.1%) |
Misiones | 100 (22.2%) | 99 (22.2%) | 1 (25.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 561 (50.4%) | 559 (50.7%) | 2 (18.2%) | 1 (4.8%) | 131 (30.6%) | 126 (31.0%) | 5 (23.8%) | 3 (3.4%) |
Neuquén | 69 (15.3%) | 69 (15.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 48 (22.2%) | 268 (24.1%) | 263 (23.9%) | 5 (45.5%) | 7 (33.3%) | 69 (16.1%) | 58 (14.3%) | 11 (52.4%) | 10 (11.5%) |
Río Negro | 73 (16.2%) | 72 (16.1%) | 1 (25.0%) | 47 (21.8%) | 323 (29.0%) | 320 (29.0%) | 3 (27.3%) | 6 (28.6%) | 95 (22.2%) | 87 (21.4%) | 8 (38.1%) | 9 (10.3%) |
Salta | 116 (25.8%) | 116 (26.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 23 (10.6%) | 603 (54.2%) | 600 (54.4%) | 3 (27.3%) | 8 (38.1%) | 159 (37.1%) | 155 (38.1%) | 4 (19.0%) | 15 (17.2%) |
San Juan | 63 (14.0%) | 63 (14.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 38 (17.6%) | 316 (28.4%) | 314 (28.5%) | 2 (18.2%) | 8 (38.1%) | 50 (11.7%) | 46 (11.3%) | 4 (19.0%) | 14 (16.1%) |
San Luis | 50 (11.1%) | 50 (11.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 19 (8.8%) | 319 (28.7%) | 316 (28.7%) | 3 (27.3%) | 8 (38.1%) | 51 (11.9%) | 42 (10.3%) | 9 (42.9%) | 9 (10.3%) |
Santa Cruz | 31 (6.9%) | 31 (7.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 17 (7.9%) | 252 (22.6%) | 249 (22.6%) | 3 (27.3%) | 5 (23.8%) | 82 (19.2%) | 76 (18.7%) | 6 (28.6%) | 7 (8.0%) |
Santa Fe | 82 (18.2%) | 81 (18.2%) | 1 (25.0%) | 3 (1.4%) | 437 (39.3%) | 434 (39.4%) | 3 (27.3%) | 4 (19.0%) | 72 (16.8%) | 62 (15.2%) | 10 (47.6%) | 2 (2.3%) |
Santiago del Estero | 68 (15.1%) | 68 (15.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 9 (4.2%) | 376 (33.8%) | 374 (33.9%) | 2 (18.2%) | 5 (23.8%) | 74 (17.3%) | 72 (17.7%) | 2 (9.5%) | 6 (6.9%) |
Tierra del Fuego | 1 (0.2%) | 1 (0.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 228 (20.5%) | 226 (20.5%) | 2 (18.2%) | 5 (23.8%) | 64 (15.0%) | 57 (14.0%) | 7 (33.3%) | 1 (1.1%) |
Tucumán | 68 (15.1%) | 66 (14.8%) | 2 (50.0%) | 19 (8.8%) | 500 (44.9%) | 498 (45.2%) | 2 (18.2%) | 10 (47.6%) | 112 (26.2%) | 107 (26.3%) | 5 (23.8%) | 15 (17.2%) |
Argentina Sea | 3 (0.7%) | 3 (0.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 64 (5.8%) | 64 (5.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 52 (12.1%) | 52 (12.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) |
Province | Total | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Richness | Native | Exotic | Endemic | |
Buenos Aires* | 918 (27.8%) | 884 (27.3%) | 34 (54.0%) | 35 (7.1%) |
Catamarca | 671 (20.3%) | 662 (20.4%) | 9 (14.3%) | 92 (18.7%) |
Chaco | 838 (25.4%) | 828 (25.6%) | 10 (15.9%) | 13 (2.6%) |
Chubut | 468 (14.2%) | 453 (14.0%) | 15 (23.8%) | 60 (12.2%) |
Córdoba | 643 (19.5%) | 622 (19.2%) | 21 (33.3%) | 50 (10.2%) |
Corrientes | 1,079 (32.7%) | 1,065 (32.9%) | 14 (22.2%) | 20 (4.1%) |
Entre Ríos | 819 (24.8%) | 801 (24.7%) | 16 (25.4%) | 10 (2.0%) |
Formosa | 850 (25.7%) | 840 (25.9%) | 10 (15.9%) | 9 (1.8%) |
Jujuy | 884 (26.8%) | 877 (27.1%) | 7 (11.1%) | 43 (8.7%) |
La Pampa | 417 (12.6%) | 401 (12.4%) | 16 (25.4%) | 40 (8.1%) |
La Rioja | 529 (16.0%) | 520 (16.0%) | 9 (14.3%) | 66 (13.4%) |
Mendoza | 513 (15.5%) | 493 (15.2%) | 20 (31.7%) | 82 (16.7%) |
Misiones | 1,190 (36.0%) | 1177 (36.3%) | 13 (20.6%) | 45 (9.1%) |
Neuquén | 448 (13.6%) | 427 (13.2%) | 21 (33.3%) | 75 (15.2%) |
Río Negro | 540 (16.3%) | 523 (16.1%) | 17 (27.0%) | 73 (14.8%) |
Salta | 1,092 (33.1%) | 1,080 (33.3%) | 12 (19.0%) | 68 (13.8%) |
San Juan | 470 (14.2%) | 457 (14.1%) | 13 (20.6%) | 71 (14.4%) |
San Luis | 459 (13.9%) | 442 (13.6%) | 17 (27.0%) | 47 (9.6%) |
Santa Cruz | 382 (11.6%) | 367 (11.3%) | 15 (23.8%) | 31 (6.3%) |
Santa Fe | 859 (26.0%) | 840 (25.9%) | 19 (30.2%) | 11 (2.2%) |
Santiago del Estero | 598 (18.1%) | 592 (18.3%) | 6 (9.5%) | 25 (5.1%) |
Tierra del Fuego | 304 (9.2%) | 292 (9.0%) | 12 (19.0%) | 6 (1.2%) |
Tucumán | 767 (23.2%) | 754 (23.3%) | 13 (20.6%) | 57 (11.6%) |
Argentina Sea | 119 (3.6%) | 119 (3.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 20 (4.1%) |
Number of exclusive endemic species. * Buenos Aires includes Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires.
Province | Marine fishes | Freshwater fishes | Amphibians | Reptiles | Birds | Mammals | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Buenos Aires* | – | 3 | 1 | 6 | – | 4 | 14 |
Catamarca | – | 5 | 4 | 17 | – | 5 | 31 |
Chaco | – | 2 | – | – | – | 1 | 3 |
Chubut | – | 1 | 1 | 13 | – | 4 | 19 |
Córdoba | – | 3 | 2 | – | – | 4 | 9 |
Corrientes | – | 1 | 2 | 3 | – | 2 | 8 |
Entre Ríos | – | 2 | – | – | – | – | 2 |
Formosa | – | – | – | 1 | – | – | 1 |
Jujuy | – | 3 | 6 | 2 | – | 2 | 13 |
La Pampa | – | – | – | – | – | 1 | 1 |
La Rioja | – | 2 | 1 | 7 | – | 3 | 13 |
Mendoza | – | 1 | 1 | 12 | – | 5 | 19 |
Misiones | – | 35 | 2 | – | – | 1 | 38 |
Neuquén | – | – | 6 | 26 | – | 1 | 33 |
Río Negro | – | 1 | 2 | 21 | – | – | 24 |
Salta | – | 5 | 2 | 8 | – | 2 | 17 |
San Juan | – | 5 | 2 | 9 | – | 3 | 19 |
San Luis | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Santa Cruz | – | 1 | – | 10 | 1 | – | 12 |
Santa Fe | – | 1 | – | – | – | 1 | 2 |
Santiago del Estero | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
Tierra del Fuego | – | – | – | – | 5 | 1 | 6 |
Tucumán | – | 3 | 1 | 5 | – | 8 | 17 |
Argentina Sea | 20 | – | – | – | – | 0 | 20 |
20 | 74 | 33 | 140 | 6 | 48 | 321 |
Number and percentage of threatened (CR, EN, VU) species per taxonomic group and province. Percentages are calculated in relation to the total native species of the group present in the province. * Total over the number of threatened native species present in the province. ** Buenos Aires includes Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires.
Province | Marine fishes | Freshwater fishes | Amphibians | Reptiles | Birds | Mammals | Total* |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Buenos Aires** | 0 (0.0%) | 6 (2.8%) | 4 (13.3%) | 12 (20.0%) | 56 (11.7%) | 14 (11.5%) | 92 (10.4%) |
Catamarca | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (5.7%) | 7 (26.9%) | 12 (15.2%) | 38 (8.7%) | 13 (14.3%) | 72 (10.9%) |
Chaco | 0 (0.0%) | 4 (2.4%) | 1 (2.1%) | 24 (24.0%) | 46 (10.9%) | 18 (17.6%) | 93 (11.2%) |
Chubut | 0 (0.0%) | 5 (41.7%) | 7 (41.2%) | 9 (17.0%) | 35 (12.4%) | 14 (14.3%) | 70 (15.5%) |
Córdoba | 0 (0.0%) | 8 (16.0%) | 3 (9.1%) | 15 (21.4%) | 34 (8.3%) | 9 (12.2%) | 69 (11.1%) |
Corrientes | 0 (0.0%) | 5 (1.7%) | 2 (3.4%) | 24 (23.1%) | 65 (12.7%) | 17 (15.7%) | 113 (10.6%) |
Entre Ríos | 0 (0.0%) | 5 (1.9%) | 3 (7.1%) | 9 (14.3%) | 34 (8.8%) | 6 (9.4%) | 57 (7.1%) |
Formosa | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (1.8%) | 1 (2.0%) | 17 (18.7%) | 46 (10.7%) | 17 (15.7%) | 84 (10.0%) |
Jujuy | 0 (0.0%) | 4 (8.3%) | 11 (23.4%) | 9 (13.8%) | 59 (10.1%) | 24 (17.3%) | 107 (12.2%) |
La Pampa | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (9.1%) | 6 (12.5%) | 23 (8.2%) | 4 (7.5%) | 34 (8.5%) |
La Rioja | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (7.1%) | 1 (6.7%) | 10 (16.7%) | 28 (7.6%) | 10 (14.9%) | 50 (9.6%) |
Mendoza | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (10.0%) | 18 (22.5%) | 29 (8.9%) | 9 (12.2%) | 57 (11.6%) |
Misiones | 0 (0.0%) | 10 (3.0%) | 1 (1.6%) | 39 (39.0%) | 95 (16.9%) | 31 (23.7%) | 176 (15.0%) |
Neuquén | 0 (0.0%) | 4 (28.6%) | 8 (34.8%) | 12 (17.4%) | 23 (8.6%) | 11 (15.9%) | 58 (13.6%) |
Río Negro | 0 (0.0%) | 5 (26.3%) | 8 (33.3%) | 15 (20.5%) | 39 (12.1%) | 13 (13.7%) | 80 (15.3%) |
Salta | 0 (0.0%) | 9 (5.8%) | 11 (20.4%) | 21 (18.1%) | 65 (10.8%) | 25 (15.7%) | 131 (12.1%) |
San Juan | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (5.0%) | 1 (6.7%) | 10 (15.9%) | 22 (7.0%) | 8 (16.0%) | 42 (9.2%) |
San Luis | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (12.5%) | 0 (0.0%) | 4 (8.0%) | 21 (6.6%) | 6 (11.8%) | 33 (7.5%) |
Santa Cruz | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (42.9%) | 1 (25.0%) | 2 (6.5%) | 42 (16.7%) | 12 (14.6%) | 60 (16.3%) |
Santa Fe | 0 (0.0%) | 8 (3.8%) | 2 (3.8%) | 14 (17.1%) | 43 (9.8%) | 8 (11.1%) | 75 (8.9%) |
Santiago del Estero | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (6.4%) | 1 (3.2%) | 10 (14.7%) | 31 (8.2%) | 10 (13.5%) | 55 (9.3%) |
Tierra del Fuego | 0 (0.0%) | 4 (80.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 45 (19.7%) | 7 (10.9%) | 56 (19.2%) |
Tucumán | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (5.4%) | 6 (22.2%) | 9 (13.2%) | 51 (10.2%) | 15 (13.4%) | 84 (11.1%) |
Argentina Sea | 74 (13.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (100%) | 17 (26.6%) | 8 (15.4%) | 102 (14.9%) |