Ceratina lucidula Smith, 1854 by original designation.

Minute bees (3–6 mm long); usually metallic (rarely with the metasoma red); body elongated, with a slightly petiolate metasoma, the first segment as elongate-triangular; integument with extensive impunctate smooth areas, especially on head (paraocular area above antenna and on gena, sometimes on the whole head) and on mesonotum; second submarginal cell narrowed, sometimes converging to a point anteriorly, becoming almost triangular (Moure 1941; Michener 2007).

Among the species of Ceratina (Ceratinula) occurring in South America, C. (C.) fioreseana Oliveira, sp. nov. is similar to C. (C.) manni, especially in the pattern of facial maculation (Fig. 8). However, it is easily distinguished by the smaller and slimmer body, the color of the legs, antennal scape, pedicel and first three flagellomeres (honey-yellow in fioreseana sp. nov. and dark brown in manni); the integumental microsculpture on the paraocular region and on the upper part of the clypeus (smooth in fioreseana sp. nov. and microreticulate in manni); the yellow genal stripe (following the orbit in the lower region in fioreseana sp. nov. and on the upper portion of the head diverging upward from the orbit in manni).

The male genitalia also differ widely between the species, especially in the structure and shape of the valves, gonostyle, S5, S6 and S7 (Figs 3A–F; 7A–F).

Both sexes: integument color tending more to greenish with golden metallic sheen. Female: five yellow maculations on face and one stripe on gena; median paraocular yellow maculation not filling the entire space between the eye and antennal socket, and not reaching the height of upper part of the epistomal suture (Figs 1A, E; 8A; 9A, B); maculation of lower paraocular areas tiny, below tentorial pit (Figs 1A, E; 8A); lower paraocular area polished, smooth (Figs 1A; 8A); supraclypeal plain raised surface subpentagonal (Figs 1A; 8A; 9A, B); stripe of gena on lower half, adjacent to eye (Fig. 1C); antennal scape, pedicel and following three antennomeres honey-yellow (Fig. 1A, C, E); legs, from trochanters, honey-yellow (Fig. 1B–D). Male: clypeus almost totally yellow, except for a narrow strip that borders the upper edge above the tentorial pits; two large paraocular yellow spots close to clypeus; labrum and mandible almost entirely yellow; antennal scape and F1–F3 honey-yellow, pedicel brownish (Fig. 2A, B, F); apical margin of S5 uniformly concave (Fig. 3F); apical margin of S6 tri-concave, with deeper median concavity bearing three strongly sclerotized denticles (Fig. 3E); S7 narrow, less sclerotized, with very narrow base, concave on basal margin, with long narrow dorsally-directed, spatulate projection on median portion of apical margin (Fig. 3D).

Figure 1. 

Female holotype of Ceratina (Ceratinula) fioreseana sp. nov., deposited at the Entomological Collection of the Natural History Museum of the Federal University of Bahia (MHNBA-MZUFBA), in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil A head in frontal view B body in lateral view C head in lateral view D mesosoma in lateral view E labrum in frontal view.

Brazil, Goiás, Água Fria de Goiás, Fazenda Nossa Senhora Aparecida, Bayer Forward Farming, 14°49'25.946"S, 47°43'30.742"W (–14.823874, –47.725206), Cerrado vegetation (Savanna), alt. 1073 m a.s.l. (Fig. 10).

♀: Structure (mm): total body length 4.9; forewing length 3.5; head width 1.37; eye length 0.83, width 0.47; gena width in profile 0.22; ocellocular distance 0.28; diameter of median ocellus 0.10; upper interorbital distance 0.86, median interorbital distance 0.75, lower interorbital distance 0.68; clypeus length 0.48, width 0.6; labrum length 0.17, width 0.36; scape length 0.3, width 0.08; F1 length 0.05; F2 length 0.05; F3 length 0.05; metatibia length 0.9, width 0.2; T2 width 1.25; T4 width 1.38. Antennal sockets located in deep depression (Fig. 8A); supraclypeal area level with clypeus and median paraocular region, the frons below; head sutures deep and distinct; a puncture line delimiting the supraclypeal plain raised area above, with lateral branches divergent basally, maximum diameter of puncture on line ca. 0.5 DS basally; supraclypeal plain raised surface subpentagonal (Figs 1A, C, E; 8A; 9A, B). Coloration: integument mostly dark metallic golden-olive-green (Fig. 1 A–E), except for following parts: large elliptical longitudinal maculation on median paraocular area, extending upward and downward from level of antennal socket, not filling the entire space between the eye and antennal socket, and not reaching the height of upper part of the epistomal suture (maculation width ca. 1DS, length 2.3DS, ending at a height ca. 1.25DS from epistomal suture – scape maximum width – Figs 1A; 8A; 9A, B); large yellow subtriangular longitudinal maculation on disc of clypeus (Figs 1A, E; 8A); wide brownish honey-yellow band on apical 1/3 of clypeus, with base of subtriangular maculation on clypeus extending into this area (Fig. 1E); tiny round yellow maculation on lower paraocular area below tentorial pit (Fig. 1A, E); yellow stripe occupying lower half of gena, adjacent to eye (Fig. 1C); mandible reddish honey-brown, slightly darker on base and apex, with rounded translucent yellow area at base; labrum honey-yellow (Fig. 1E); antennal scape, pedicel and following three antennomeres honey-yellow (Fig. 1A, C, E); yellow maculation on pronotal lobe, outline areas translucent, reddish brown (Fig. 1B, D); legs honey-yellow from trochanter, meso- and meta- coxae slightly lighter brown, profemur with elliptical yellow maculation on apex of dorsal surface (Fig. 1B–D); light yellow longitudinal stripe on median line of dorsal surface of basal 1/2 of protibia (Fig. 1C); mesotibia with tiny pale-yellow spot on base of outer surface. Pubescence: whitish, simple and sparse (Fig. 1B, D), shorter and sparser on head, denser on venter, longer on labrum (thicker), sides of mesosoma (especially on mesepisternum), metasoma (T3–T6) and legs, especially on metafemur and tibia; longest setae on face between ocelli (1.5DO, much finer), very short on clypeus, lower paraocular, supraclypeal and vertexal areas (0.75DO); gena nearly glabrous; sides of mesepisternum with pilosity relatively dense, sparse, long and uniformly distributed (1.5DO); posterior 2/3 of mesoscutum nearly glabrous; plumose setae easily visible only on pronotal lobe and surrounding areas (very short, whitish silvery), surrounding propodeal spiracle and on metatibia (ca. 3DO) (Fig. 1B, D); pilosity on metasoma simple, gradually longer and denser toward apex; denser on base and apical border of tergum, with glabrous area on disc from T1–T3 along its width; T4–T6 evenly setaceous; seta on sterna ca. 3DO. Microsculpture: Integument smooth, polished, and shiny on most of surface; punctation piliferous, deep, distinct, and sparse. Punctures denser and more deep on sides of clypeus, upper part of supraclypeal area, anterior 1/3 of mesoscutum, mesepisternum and T4–T6, punctures larger on mesepisternum and mesoscutum and smaller on mesoscutellum and metanotum; metanotum and propodeum very coarsely microreticulate between sparse punctures; lower paraocular area, between antennal alveolus and tentorial pit, and near epistomal suture on upper half of clypeus, smooth, polished and shiny, not microreticulate; gena practically impunctate, smooth and polished; mesoscutum with punctation large, dense and deep on anterior 1/3, posterior 2/3 almost entirely smooth and polished, except for contours with small dense punctation; mesoscutellum with punctation very fine and dense, with impunctate polished area on disc; T1–T3 with punctation smaller and sparser, and broad glabrous impunctate polished area on each side of disc; T4–T6 with punctation evenly dense, large and deep.

♂: Structure (mm): total body length 4.5; forewing length 3.5; head width 1.37; eye length 0.87, width 0.52; gena width in profile 0.17; ocellocular distance 0.24; diameter of median ocellus 0.12; upper interorbital distance 0.85, median interorbital distance 0.64, lower interorbital distance 0.64; clypeus length 0.42, width 0.49; labrum length 0.18, width 0.33; scape length 0.24, width 0.08; F1 length 0.05; F2 length 0.065; F3 length 0.07; metatibia length 0.83, width 0.18; T2 width 1.15; T4 width 1.38. Antennal sockets located in deep depression (Fig. 8B); frons and supraclypeal area level with clypeus and median paraocular region as in female but sutures less distinct (Fig. 2A, E, F); comparing with the female: eyes closer medially, scape shorter and wider, gena narrower in profile. Male terminalia: apical margin of S5 uniformly concave (Fig. 3F); apical margin of E6 tri-concave, with deeper median concavity bearing three strongly sclerotized denticles (Fig. 3E); S7 narrow, less sclerotized, with very narrow base, concave on basal margin, with long narrow dorsally-directed spatulate projection on median portion of apical margin (Fig. 3D); gonostyle robust, enlarged and recurved, with an angulation in the middle portion almost forming 90 degrees, with apical portion directed to valves, lateral-distal surface of apical portion flattened, apex truncated (Fig. 3 A, B); valves in lateral view wider and subrectangular at base, hook-shaped in apical 1/4, with dentiform projection dorsomedially, which is connected to base by membranous/less-sclerotized transparent portion (Fig. 3A–C). Coloration: similar to that of female, except for antennal pedicel brownish (Fig. 2A–F); clypeus yellow, narrowly black along epistomal suture from tentorial pit upward, apical margin yellowish brown, translucent (Figs 2A, E, F; 8B); labrum entirely yellow, with three rounded yellowish brown translucent maculations on each side and middle basically and apical contour equally yellowish brown, translucent (Fig. 2E); lower paraocular area yellow from slightly below base of clypeus downward, upper margin of maculation rounded (Figs 2A, E, F; 8B); mandible yellow, brownish red at base and apex (Fig. 2E); gena without yellow maculation (Fig. 2C); wide yellow stripe on external surface of protibia, from base to apex, occupying almost entire upper surface (Fig. 2B), tarsus pale yellow, contrasting with other segments of legs (Fig. 2B). Pubescence: pilosity whitish as in female, slightly shorter and sparser, especially on mesoscutum, terga and legs. Microsculpture: punctation finer and sparse, shallower, space between spots much larger (varying from 1–4DP), especially on mesoscutum, mesepisternum and terga; clypeus smooth, polished and shiny on most surface; larger smooth impunctate areas on T1–T3 and mesoscutellum.

Figure 2. 

Male paratypes of Ceratina (Ceratinula) fioreseana sp. nov., deposited at the Entomological Collection of the Natural History Museum of the Federal University of Bahia (MHNBA-MZUFBA), in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil: Paratype A head in frontal view B body in lateral view C head in lateral view D mesosoma in lateral view. Paratype E labrum in frontal view F head in frontal view.

Figure 3. 

Male genitalia and associated metasomal sternum of paratype of Ceratina (Ceratinula) fioreseana sp. nov., deposited at the Entomological Collection of the Natural History Museum of the Federal University of Bahia (MHNBA-MZUFBA), in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil A genital capsule in dorsal view B genital capsule in ventral view C genital capsule in lateral view D seventh sternum in dorsal view (E7) E sixth sternum in dorsal view (E6) F fifth sternum in dorsal view (E5) G seventh tergum in dorso-lateral view.

Some male specimens, such as the male paratype (Fig. 2A), have a discolored translucent area in the middle of the apical 1/2 of the clypeus. Other specimens have a uniformly yellow clypeus (Fig. 2F).

(1♀, 3♂) – Holotype ♀ (MHNBA) // Brazil, Goiás, Água Fria de Goiás, Fazenda Nossa Senhora Aparecida, Bayer Forward Farming, 14°49'25.946"S, 47°43'30.742"W (–14.823874, –47.725206), 29.XI.2018, 15:00–15:34 h, Cerrado Savanna, alt. 1073 m a.s.l. Paratype used for description ♂ (MHNBA) // Brazil, Goiás, Água Fria de Goiás, Fazenda Nossa Senhora Aparecida, Bayer Forward Farming, 14°49'25.946"S, 47°43'30.742"W (–14.823874, –47.725206), 30.XI.2018, 10:40–11:40 h, Cerrado Savanna, alt. 1073 m a.s.l. Paratypes: 2 ♂ (MHNBA) // Brazil, Goiás, Água Fria de Goiás, Fazenda Nossa Senhora Aparecida, Bayer Forward Farming, 14°49'25.946"S, 47°43'30.742"W (–14.823874, –47.725206), 29.XI.2018, 15:00–15:34 h, Cerrado Savanna, alt. 1073 m a.s.l. All specimens were collected with an entomological net on flowers of Mentha piperita L. (mint, family Lamiaceae), in planted vegetable garden.

The specific epithet is a patronym honoring Oli Antonio Fiorese, Edileusa Fiorese, Henrique Gustavo Fiorese and Kaio Felipe Fiorese, owners of the Nossa Senhora Aparecida farm (located in Água Fria de Goiás, Goiás State, midwestern Brazil), where the type specimens of the new species were collected. We honor their recognition of bees as key pollinators important to sustainable production, adapting their production to meet the standards for environmental certification, and also adopting various pollinator-friendly measures through the Bayer Forward Farming Project. Because of these procedures, their property has been certified as a model farm by environmental agency Round Table on Responsible Soy Association (RTRS), being the only farm in Brazil within the Bayer Forward Farming Project, and the twenty-fifth in the world.

Brazil, Paraíba, Guarabira (previously known as Independencia).

Both sexes: integument color tending more to greenish with golden metallic sheen. Female: five yellow maculations on face and one stripe on gena; median paraocular yellow maculation almost filling the entire space between the eye and antennal socket, and almost reaching the height of upper part of the epistomal suture (Fig. 9, C, D); oval maculation on lower paraocular areas large, near tentorial pit (Figs 4A, B; 5A, D–F; 8C); lower paraocular area microreticulate (Figs 5E; 8C); supraclypeal plain raised surface subtriangular (Fig. 9, A, B); stripe of gena on superior half, extending above dorsal margin of eye, broader and divergent superiorly and closer to eye in lower portion (Figs 4C; 5B, C); antennal scape, pedicel and following three antennomeres brown (Figs 4A–C; 5A–F); coxae, trochanters and femurs of all legs brown, protibia and tarsus lighter honey-brown, meso- and metatibiae and basitarsi lighter brown, following tarsomeres lighter honey-brown (Figs 4C; 5B, C). Male: clypeus almost totally yellow, except for a narrow strip that borders the upper edge above the tentorial pits; two large paraocular yellow spots close to clypeus; labrum and mandible almost entirely yellow; apical margin of S5 slightly tri-concave, median concavity deepest (Fig. 7F); apical margin of S6 strongly bilobed, with deep median concavity intruding almost to midlength of sternum (Fig. 7E).

Figure 4. 

Female syntype of Ceratina (Ceratinula) manni Cockerell, 1912 deposited at the Entomological Collection of the American Museum of Natural History (AMNH, New York, United States of America) A head in frontal view (Photograph: I_HHG3587) B body in dorsal view (Photograph: I_HHG3585) C body in lateral view (Photograph: I_HHG3586) D labels (Photograph: I_HHG3588). Ownership rights to these images and their copyright belong to AMNH and Hadel Go. Photographs by Copyright Hadel Go 2011-2016 downloaded from the Discover Life Website.

Figure 5. 

Female of Ceratina (Ceratinula) manni Cockerell, 1912 A head in frontal view B body in lateral view C head and mesosoma in lateral view D labrum in frontal view E median paraocular area and clypeus in detail F head in frontal view A, E specimen from Amélia Rodrigues, Bahia, deposited at the Reference Collection of the Laboratório de Bionomia, Biogeografia e Sistemática de Insetos (BIOSIS), Federal University of Bahia (MHNBA-MZUFBA), in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil; Specimens B,C, F from Caracol, Piauí, and D Milagres, Bahia, deposited at the Entomological Collection of the Federal University of Integração Latino-Americana (CE-UNILA), in Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil.

Figure 6. 

Male of Ceratina (Ceratinula) manni Cockerell, 1912, specimen from Crato, Ceará, deposited at the Entomological Collection of the Federal University of Integração Latino-Americana (CE-UNILA), in Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil A head in frontal view B body in lateral view C labrum in frontal view D head and mesosoma in lateral view.

♀: Structure (mm): total body length 4.7; forewing length 3.2; head width 1.3; eye length 0.89, width 0.43; gena width in profile 0.26; ocellocular distance 0.33; diameter of median ocellus 0.12; upper interorbital distance 0.91, median interorbital distance 0.78, lower interorbital distance 0.67; clypeus length 0.43, width 0.61; labrum length 0.22, width 0.44; scape length 0.31, width 0.09; F1 length 0.09; F2 length 0.05; F3 length 0.05; metatibia length 0.54, width 0.16; T2 width 1.25; T4 width 1.45. Antennal sockets located in shallow depression (Fig. 8C), frons and supraclypeal area raised above clypeus and median paraocular region, head sutures shallow; a puncture line delimiting the supraclypeal plain raised area above, with lateral branches divergent basally, maximum diameter of puncture on line ca. 1 DS basally; supraclypeal plain raised surface subtriangular (Figs 5A, E, F; 8C; 9C, D). Coloration: integument mostly dark metallic golden-olive-green (Figs 4A–C; 5A–F), except following parts: large elliptical longitudinal yellow maculation in median paraocular area, extending upward and downward from level of antennal socket, almost filling the entire space between the eye and antennal socket, and almost reaching the height of upper part of the epistomal suture (maculation width ca. 1.4DS, length 2.4DS, ending at a height ca. 0.5DS – scape maximum width – Figs 5A, E, F; 8C; 9C, D); large yellow subtriangular longitudinal maculation on disc of clypeus (Figs 4A, B; 5A, D, E, F; 8C); oval relatively large yellow maculation on lower paraocular areas near tentorial pit (Figs 4A, B; 5A, D, E, F; 8C); wide brownish honey-yellow band on apical 1/3 of clypeus (Fig. 4A, B); yellow stripe occupying superior half of gena, extending above dorsal margin of eye, broader and divergent superiorly and closer to eye in lower portion (Figs 4C; 5B, C); mandible honey-brown, more reddish on base and more blackened on apex; labrum honey-brown, slightly lighter basally (Fig. 5D); antennal scape, pedicel and first three flagellomeres brown, scape with tiny dark honey-brown area on basis and apex (Figs 4A–C; 5A, C, F); yellow maculation on pronotal lobe demarcated by translucent reddish brown band (Figs 4C; 5B, C); coxae, trochanters and femurs of all legs brown with slight dark-olive-green metallic sheen; profemur with lighter-brown apical area; protibia and tarsus lighter honey-brown, tibia with longitudinal yellow stripe dorsally in basal 1/2; meso- and metatibiae and basitarsi lighter brown, following tarsomeres honey-brown; meso- and metatibiae with tiny pale-yellow spot on base of dorsal surface (Figs 4C; 5B, C). Pubescence: whitish, simple and sparse, shorter and sparser on head, denser on venter, longer on labrum (very coarse), sides of mesosoma, metasoma (T3–T6) and legs, especially on metafemur and tibia; longest setae on face between ocelli (1.5DO, much finer), very short on clypeus, lower paraocular, supraclypeal, and vertexal areas (0.5DO); gena nearly glabrous; sides of mesepisternum with relatively dense, long, uniformly distributed pilosity (1.5DO); posterior 2/3 of mesoscutum nearly glabrous; plumose setae easily visible only on pronotal lobe and its surroundings (very short, whitish silver), surrounding propodeal spiracle and on metatibia (ca. 3DO); pilosity on metasoma simple, gradually longer and denser toward apex; denser on base and apical border of tergum; T1–T3 with glabrous area on disc; T4–T6 evenly setaceous; setae on sterna ca. 2.25DO. Microsculpture: Integument impunctate, polished and shiny on most of surface; punctation piliferous, deep and sparse. Punctures denser and deeper on supraclypeal area, anterior 1/3 of mesoscutum, mesepisternum and T4–T6, punctures larger on face and smaller on mesoscutellum; metanotum and propodeum very coarsely microreticulate between sparse punctures; finely microreticulate area on lower paraocular area, between antennal alveolus and tentorial pit, also near epistomal suture on upper half of clypeus (Fig. 5E); gena nearly impunctate, smooth and polished with some very superficial large punctures in middle longitudinally on yellow stripe and some denser and deeper punctures in upper portion (Fig. 5C); mesoscutum with punctation large, dense and deep on anterior 1/3, posterior 2/3 nearly smooth and polished, except for contours with dense small punctures; mesoscutellum with punctation very fine and dense, and smooth polished area on each side of disc; T1–T3 with punctation very fine and sparse, and broad glabrous smooth polished area on each side of disc; T4–T6 with punctation evenly dense, coarse and marked.

Figure 7. 

Male genitalia and associated metasomal sternum of Ceratina (Ceratinula) manni Cockerell, 1912, specimen from Serra Negra do Norte, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, deposited at the Entomological Collection of the Federal University of Integração Latino-Americana (CE-UNILA), in Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil A genital capsule in dorsal view (red arrow shows the bidentate apex) B genital capsule in ventral view C genital capsule in lateral view D seventh sternum in dorsal view (E7) E sixth sternum in dorsal view (E6) F fifth sternum in dorsal view (E5).

Figure 8. 

Head of Ceratina (Ceratinula) Moure, 1941 species in frontal view A (female holotype) B (male paratype) Specimens of Ceratina (Ceratinula) fioreseana sp. nov., deposited at the Entomological Collection of the Natural History Museum of the Federal University of Bahia (MHNBA-MZUFBA), in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil C, D Ceratina (Ceratinula) manni Cockerell, 1912: C female specimen from Amélia Rodrigues, Bahia, deposited at the Reference Collection of the Laboratório de Bionomia, Biogeografia e Sistemática de Insetos (BIOSIS), Federal University of Bahia (MHNBA-MZUFBA), in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil D male specimen from Crato, Ceará, deposited at the Entomological Collection of the Federal University of Integração Latino-Americana (CE-UNILA), in Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil. Drawings by Luisa de Lima Ruschioni.

Figure 9. 

Head of Ceratina (Ceratinula) Moure, 1941 species in frontal view, showing the supraclypeal area and median paraocular area A, B female holotype of Ceratina (Ceratinula) fioreseana sp. nov., specimen deposited at the Entomological Collection of the Natural History Museum of the Federal University of Bahia (MHNBA-MZUFBA), in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil C, D female specimen of Ceratina (Ceratinula) manni Cockerell, 1912 from Amélia Rodrigues, Bahia, deposited at the Reference Collection of the Laboratório de Bionomia, Biogeografia e Sistemática de Insetos (BIOSIS), Federal University of Bahia (MHNBA-MZUFBA), in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. Details: pls = puncture line delimiting the supraclypeal plain raised area above; ues = upper part of the epistomal suture.

♂: Structure (mm): total body length 3.9; forewing length 3.06; head width 1.3; eye length 0.76, width 0.46; gena width in profile 0.23; ocellocular distance 0.24; diameter of median ocellus 0.12; upper interorbital distance 0.84, medium interorbital distance 0.61, lower interorbital distance 0.57; clypeus length 0.49, width 0.57; labrum length 0.21, width 0.33; scape length 0.23, width 0.08; F1 length 0.05; F2 length 0.04; F3 length 0.06; metatibia length 0.5, width 0.14; metasomal width 1.19 (measured on T4). Antennal sockets located in shallow depression (Fig. 8D), frons and supraclypeal area raised above clypeus and median paraocular area, head sutures shallow (Fig. 6A); comparing with the female: eyes closer medially, scape shorter and wider, gena narrower in profile (Fig. 6D). Male terminalia: apical margin of S5 slightly tri-concave, median concavity deepest (Fig. 7F); apical margin of S6 strongly bilobed, with deep median concavity intruding almost to midlength of sternum (Fig. 7E); S7 quite narrow and less sclerotized, almost transparent in median portion which is wider, apical margin rounded (Fig. 7D; this structure was broken, with part missing, and not possible to see in its entirety); gonostyle robust, enlarged and recurved, with an angulation in the median and preapical portion almost forming a 90 degrees, lateral-distal surface flattened, apical portion directed to valves ending in narrow bidentate apex (Fig. 7A); valves slender in apical 1/2, hook-shaped, with dentiform projection dorsomedially, which is connected to base by less-sclerotized, transparent membranous portion (Fig. 7A–C). Coloration: similar to that of female (Fig. 6A–D) except clypeus yellow, narrowly black along epistomal suture from tentorial pit upward, honey-brown translucent stripe on apical border and darker irregularly rounded honey-brown translucent maculation in middle of disc (Fig. 6A, C); labrum yellow, paler than clypeus, with paired oval translucent brown maculation laterally, and apical margin translucent brown (Fig. 6C); lower paraocular area yellow from slightly below base of clypeus downward, upper margin of maculation rounded (Figs 6A, C, 8D); mandible yellow, brownish at base and apex (Fig. 6C); gena without yellow stripe (Fig. 6B, D); apex of scape lighter brown; legs with small yellow maculation on apices of femurs and base of tibiae; wide yellow stripe on protibia, from base to apex, occupying almost entire dorsal surface (Fig. 6B, D); tarsus entirely yellow (Fig. 6B). Pubescence: pilosity whitish as in female, slightly shorter and sparse, especially on mesoscutum, terga and legs. Microsculpture: punctures smaller and sparser, interspaces much larger, especially on mesoscutum, mesepisternum and tergum; clypeus smooth, polished and shiny on most surface; with smooth impunctate areas on T1–T3 slightly larger, as well as those of mesoscutellum; microreticulation of metanotum and basal area of propodeum shallower.

In females, the large elliptical yellow longitudinal maculation on the disc of the clypeus is sometimes enlarged apically, as observed in some specimens from Piauí State; these also have a small translucent brown oval maculation in the middle of the disc (Fig. 5F), invading the area of the wide brownish honey-yellow band on the apical third of the clypeus.

(new geographical records indicated by*). Ceratina manni is endemic to northeastern Brazil and occurs mainly within the limits of the Caatinga region (Fig. 10), being recorded from near sea level to 945 m a.s.l. The records from João Pessoa and vicinity by Cruz (2013) in peri-urban and rural areas and in Mamanguape, all in Paraíba, indicate that the species is not restricted to the semiarid region, and occurs in other areas of open vegetation, at least near the limit of the Caatinga (open dry diagonal, or South American diagonal of open formations – Vanzolini 1974). The record from São Paulo state (Salesópolis, Boracéia Biological Station – Wilms 1995), secondarily cited by Pedro and Camargo (2000), Imperatriz-Fonseca et al. (2011) and in the Discover Life website (2020 -Table 2) must be checked (see remarks below).

Figure 10. 

Geographic distribution map of Ceratina (Ceratinula) fioreseana sp. nov. and Ceratina (Ceratinula) manni Cockerell, 1912 in and Brazil: (1) Goiás, Água Fria de Goiás, Fazenda Nossa Senhora Aparecida, Bayer Forward Farming (fioreseana Type locality); (2) Bahia, Maracás; (3) Bahia, Milagres; (4) Bahia, Amélia Rodrigues; (5) Piauí, Caracol; (6) Ceará, Crato; (7) Rio Grande do Norte, Serra Negra do Norte, Estação Ecológica do Seridó; (8) Paraíba, Cacimba de Dentro, Fazenda Cachoeira da Capivara; (9) Paraíba, Mamanguape; (10) Paraiba, João Pessoa, Periurban Area – Sítio ponta de Gramame; (11) Paraíba, Conde, Granja Pitumirim; (12) Paraíba, Alhandra, Assentamento Tapuiu – Sítio Olho D’água; (13) Paraíba, Guarabira (manni Type locality).

Brazil: *Piauí State: Caracol. *Ceará state: Crato. Rio Grande do Norte state: Serra Negra do Norte (Zanella 2000, 2003). Paraíba state: Cacimba de Dentro (Zanella and Martins 2005), Alhambra, Conde, João Pessoa (Cruz 2013), Mamanguape (Aguiar and Martins 2003). *Bahia state: Amélia Rodrigues, Maracás, Milagres.

(11♀, 2♂). 1 ♂ // (CE-UNILA HYAP 6072) // Brasil, Rio Grande do Norte, Serra Negra do Norte, Estação Ecológica do Seridó, 17.xii.1994, Zanella FCV and Moura ON leg.; 1 ♀ // (CE-UNILA HYAP 6073) // Brasil, Rio Grande do Norte, Serra Negra do Norte, Estação Ecológica do Seridó, 30.xii.1994, Zanella FCV and Moura ON leg.; 1 ♀ // (CE-UNILA HYAP 3350) // Brasil, Paraíba, Cacimba de Dentro, Fazenda Cachoeira da Capivara, 25.x.2003, F. Zanella leg.; 1 ♀ // (CE-UNILA HYAP 1109) // Brasil, Piauí, Caracol, 518 m, 13.xii.2010, F. Zanella and A. Carvalho leg.; 1 ♀ // (CE-UNILA HYAP 1110) // Brasil, Piauí, Caracol, 518 m, 13.xii.2010, F. Zanella and A. Carvalho leg.; 1 ♂ // (CE-UNILA HYAP 1120) // Brasil, Ceará, Crato, Estrada para Exú, Encosta, 07.ii.2011, F. Zanella leg.; 1 ♀ // (CE-UNILA HYAP 1117) // Brasil, Bahia, Maracás, 13°26'33.8"S, 40°20'42.6"W, 945 m, 13.iii.2012, Zanella FCV. leg.; 1 ♀ // (CE-UNILA HYAP 1118) // Brasil, Bahia, Maracás, 13°26'33.8"S, 40°20'42.6"W, 945 m, 13.iii.2012, Zanella FCV. leg.; 1 ♀ // (CE-UNILA HYAP 1112) // Brasil, Bahia, Milagres, 12°54'19.2"S, 39°50'46.5"W, 758 m, 16.iii.2012, Zanella FCV. leg.; 1 ♀ // (CE-UNILA HYAP 1115) // Brasil, Bahia, Milagres, 12°54'19.2"S, 39°50'46.5"W, 758 m, 16.iii.2012, Zanella FCV. leg.; 1 ♀ // (BIOSIS-UFBA, Favízia 06380) // Brasil, Bahia, Amélia Rodrigues, 12°22'31.70"S, 38°46'05.82"W, 21.i.2017, Hora: 13:10 P. 11, n° 404, on flowers of Stemodia foliosa Benth. Silva, Anjos and Melo leg.; 1 ♀ // (BIOSIS-UFBA, Favízia 06381) // Brasil, Bahia, Amélia Rodrigues, 12°22'31.70"S, 38°46'5.82"W, 21.i.2017, Hora: 13:10 P. 11, n° 405, on flowers of Stemodia foliosa Benth. Silva, Anjos and Melo leg.; 1 ♀ // (BIOSIS-UFBA, Favízia 06382) // Brasil, Bahia, Amélia Rodrigues, 12°22'31.70"S, 38°46'5.82"W, 11.iii.2017, Hora: 10:00 P. 11, on flowers of Stemodia foliosa Benth. Silva, Anjos and Melo leg. (Fig. 10).

Wilms (1995:52) reported C. manni from the Boracéia Biological Station (2 females), located in Salesópolis, São Paulo, southeastern Brazil. These specimens would have been deposited in the Zoological Museum of São Paulo University (MZSP) and examined by Pedro and Camargo (2000). Unfortunately, the material collected by Wilms (1995) and cited by Pedro and Camargo (2000), Silveira et al. (2002), Imperatriz-Fonseca et al. (2011), and in the Discover Life website (2020 – Table 2) could not be located, so this record must be verified. Additionally, this record from Boraceia is from the Atlantic Forest in southeastern Brazil, far from the Caatinga, at an altitude of approximately 800 m a.s.l. and in a tropical rain forest with more than 3000 mm mean annual rainfall (Wilms 1995).