Euepedanus trispinosus Roewer, 1915, subsequent designation by Suzuki (1969b: 83).

Medium-sized epedanines (3.00–5.00 mm) with a long median spine on the ocularium. Area II with a pair of long spines. The basichelicerite of chelicerae with numerous tubercles. Pedipalpal femur ventrally with 5–7 seta-tipped tubercles, and distally with two tubercles on medial side. Pedipalpal patella with at least three seta-tipped tubercles. Distitarsus of leg I with two segments (cf. Zhu and Lian 2006: 64).

(nine species). Euepedanus trispinosus Roewer, 1915, Euepedanus orientalis (Hirst, 1912), Euepedanus chaiensis Suzuki, 1969b, Euepedanus dividuus Suzuki, 1969b, Euepedanus similis Suzuki, 1985, Euepedanus pentaspinulatus Suzuki, 1985, Euepedanus spinosus Suzuki, 1985, Euepedanus flavimaculatus Zhu and Lian, 2006, and Euepedanus dashdamirovi sp. nov.

Thailand, China, Malaysia, Singapore.

Holotype male (SMF-CJM7059-01): THAILAND: Sa Kaeo (Kaew) Province: Ta Phraya District, Ta Phraya NP (No.11), 14°8.37'N 102°40.19'E, alt. 164 m, 27 October 2010, S. Dashdamirov leg. Paratypes. one female (SMF-CJM7059-02), same collecting data as holotype; one female (SMF-CJM7051-01) and one juvenile (SMF-CJM7051-02), THAILAND: Sa Kaeo (Kaew) Province: Maeng, Srakaeo District, Wat Tham Khao Maka (No.8), 13°47.23'N 101°56.87'E, alt. 46m, 26 October 2010, S. Dashdamirov leg.

Penis with a stereoscopic ventral plate (e.g., Fig. 132) and the stylus constricted apically. Anterior margin of prosoma armed with tubercles. The basichelicerite of chelicerae dorsally with five tubercles (Figs 2–4). Pedipalpal femur ventrally with six seta-tipped tubercles, and distally with two tubercles on medial side. Pedipalpal patella with three seta-tipped tubercles.

Named in honor of the collector of the type material and our good friend, Dr. Selvin Dashdamirov.

Male (holotype) habitus as in Figs 1, 9, 26, 27. Coloration (Figs 26, 27): entire body dorsally rusty yellow with black patches; median area of prosoma with black reticulations before and behind the ocularium; both lateral ridges of scuta with brown stripes; opisthosomal area I bordered posteriorly with brown and area II dark brown with paler interspaces; areae III and IV and free tergites each with a transverse dark band; venter concolorous with the dorsum; chelicerae and pedipalps reticulated; all leg segments other than trochanters and tarsi with black reticulations.

Figures 1–8. 

Euepedanus dashdamirovi sp. nov., male holotype 1 body, lateral view 2 right chelicera, lateral view 3 same, medial view 4 right basichelicerite, dorsal view 5 right cheliceral hand, frontal view 6 Right cheliceral fingers, frontal view 7 right pedipalp, lateral view 8 same, medial view. Scale bars: 1 mm (1–5, 7–8), 0.5 mm (6).

Dorsum (Figs 9, 26). Dorsal scutum more or less trapezoid in form, with sides slightly curved, proximal end of abdomen slightly enlarged and rounded. Anterior margin of prosoma with eight small tubercles at the lateral portion. Ocularium long oval, removed from anterior border of scutum by 0.50 mm, armed with an elongate, lightly curved spine. Posterior margin of prosoma bowed. Opisthosomal area I longer than other areae. Areae I and III each with a median pair of short spines. Area II with two median long spines. Area IV and all free tergites with a transverse row of seta-tipped tubercles, central ones larger than others, like slender spines. Lateral margins of the scutum with a longitudinal row of seta-tipped tubercles.

Figures 9–17. 

Euepedanus dashdamirovi sp. nov., male (Fig. 9, holotype), female (Figs 10–17, paratype) 9 male body, dorsal view 10 female body, dorsal view 11 right chelicera, medial view 12 same, lateral view 13 left basichelicerite, dorsal view 14 left cheliceral hand, frontal view 15 left pedipalp, medial view 16 ovipositor, ventral view 17 same, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm (9, 10, 15), 0.5 mm (11–14, 16, 17).

Venter (Fig. 28). Coxae with tubercular surface, coxa I with enlarged seta-tipped tubercles. Coxae II, III, and IV with only minute similar tubercles. Genital operculum with a few seta-tipped granules. Free sternites with a row of minute tubercles, each with setae on top. Spiracles clearly visible.

Chelicerae (Figs 2–6). Basichelicerite elongate, dorsally with a slight bulla, and armed with four long spines and one seta-tipped tubercle dorsally; two similar spines and one seta-tipped tubercle medially on the ectal side; one seta-tipped tubercle on the lateral side; ten seta-tipped tubercles scattered over the ventral side; medial side with a basal protuberance. Cheliceral hand widened, pro-dorsally with some seta-tipped tubercles; two seta-tipped tubercles on the ventral side. Fingers relatively strong, inner edges toothed (Fig. 6): moveable finger and fixed finger each with five stump teeth.

Pedipalps (Figs 7, 8). Coxa dorsally with two seta-tipped tubercles; ventrally with one distal seta-tipped tubercle. Trochanter ventrally and dorsally each with one enlarged and one small seta-tipped tubercles. Femur ventrally with a row of six seta-tipped tubercles, of which the two longest at the base; dorsally with two longitudinal rows of conical tubercles; distally on medial side with two seta-tipped tubercles. Patella ventro-mesally with two setiferous tubercles, and ventro-ectally with one setiferous tubercles. Tibia ventro-mesally with three setiferous tubercles, and ventro-ectally with four setiferous tubercles. Tarsus with three setiferous tubercles on each side of ventral side. Tarsal claw curved, longer than tarsus.

Legs. All segments smooth, only with scarce short setae. Femur IV slightly curved. Distitarsus I with two, distitarsus II with three tarsomeres. Distitarsi III and IV without scopula. Tarsal claws smooth. Tarsal formula (I–IV): 9(2)/24(3)/7/8.

Penis (Figs 18–25). Shaft slender, elongate. The distal fourth of the shaft broadened and nearly parallel-sided till apical portion (pars distalis). Ventral plate nearly square (ventral view, Fig. 19), and slightly indented on the distal margin (Fig. 19). Glans partially sunken into dorsal depressed portion of pars distalis and not extending the distal margin of the ventral plate. Capsula externa and capsula interna cylindrical, and the inner side of capsula interna with dense cover of fur-like microtrichia. The ventral lobe of capsula interna conspicuous, somewhat triangular; the dorsal lobe inconspicuous. Stylus with irregular shape, constricted apically. Spination symmetrical. One pair of setae A, B, and C. Two pairs of setae D, E, and F (Figs 19–21).

Figures 18–25. 

Euepedanus dashdamirovi sp. nov., genitalia of male holotype 18 penis, lateral view 19 pars distalis of penis, ventral view (arrow indicates indented distal end) 20 same, lateral view 21 same, dorsal view 22 pars distalis of penis (everted), ventral view 23 same, dorsal view 24–25 same, lateral view. Abbreviations: CE capsula externa CI capsula interna DL dorsal lobe G glans Pb pars basalis Pd pars distalis S stylus VP ventral plate VL ventral lobe. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (18), 0.25 mm (19–25).

Female (Figs 10–17, 29–31). In general appearance similar to the male, abdomen more rounded posteriorly (Figs 10, 29). Basichelicerite dorsally with three and ectally with one long spines, other seta-tipped tubercles on chelicerae less stout than those of the male (Figs 11–13). Cheliceral hand prodorsally with two enlarged seta-tipped tubercles in the middle of inner portion (Fig. 11); one seta-tipped tubercle on the ventral side (Fig. 12). Pedipalp similar to that of male (Fig. 15). Tarsal formula (I–IV): 8(2)/19(3)/7/8.

Ovipositor (Figs 16, 17). Elongate. Ventral side with four and dorsal side with six setae of different lengths.

Male holotype (female paratype): body 2.94 (2.36) long, 2.13 (2.48) wide at widest portion, scutum 2.36 (2.05) long. Ocularium 0.40 (0.30) long, 0.79 (0.69) wide. Proximal chelicerae 1.24 (1.08) long, 0.43 (0.38) wide; second 2.10 (1.72) long, 0.72 (0.59) wide; distal 0.91 (0.80) long, 0.21 (0.20) wide. Pedipalp claw 0.84 (0.80) long. Penis 1.67 long. Measurements of pedipalp and legs as in Tables 1 and 2.

The specimens were collected by hand under the decaying bark of various tree species.

Known only from the type locality.

Figures 26–31. 

Photographs of male (Figs 26–28, holotype) and female (Figs 29–31, paratype) of Euepedanus dashdamirovi sp. nov. 26, 29 body and parts of appendages, dorsal view 27, 30 body and parts of appendages, lateral view 28, 31 body and parts of appendages, ventral view. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Plistobunus rapax Pocock, 1903, by original designation.

Medium-sized epedanines (2.40–3.57 mm) with a long median spine on the ocularium. Prosoma with a row of 4–6 setiferous tubercles on each side of the frontal margin. Areae II and IV with or without long spines. The basichelicerite of chelicerae elongate and armed with numerous tubercles, dorsally with three in males and with two in female (Lian et al. 2011: 42, figs 2, 3; 44: 9, 10; 46: 18, 19. Figs 33–35, 47–49). Pedipalpal femur of male ventrally with 9–13 seta-tipped tubercles, and distally with one or two tubercles on medial side. Pedipalpal patella with at least three seta-tipped tubercles. Distitarsus of leg I with two segments. The distal part of pars basalis of penis widened and with a stereoscopic ventral plate. Stylus columnar. Capsula interna ventrally and capsula externa dorsally surround the stylus.

Plistobunus rapax Pocock, 1903, Plistobunus columnarius Lian et al., 2011, and Plistobunus jaegeri sp. nov.

China (Hong Kong and Hainan Island), Thailand (Ubon Ratchathani).

The species of this genus possess conspicuous sexual dimorphism in the armature of the appendages. The tubercles or spines in male on the basichelicerite of chelicerae, and those of the femur of pedipalps and legs are much more robust or conspicuous than those of in female; the shape of body is very similar in both sexes.

The numbers of seta-tipped tubercles distally on medial side of pedipalpal femur gives an impression of the differences between the species. Male specimens of P. rapax and P. columnarius are described with two (Lian et al. 2011: 42, fig. 6; 44, fig. 14) and those of P. jaegeri sp. nov. with only one such tubercle (Fig. 38). Females of P. columnarius (Lian et al. 2011: 46, fig. 22) and P. jaegeri sp. nov. (Fig. 52) possess no tubercles of this size or position (female of P. rapax unknown).

Holotype male (SMF-CJM7060): THAILAND: Ubon Ratchathani Province: Khong Chiam District, Pha Taem NP (No.28), 15°23.94'N 105°30.49'E, alt. 185 m, 5 November 2010, S. Dashdamirov leg. Paratype. One female (SMF-CJM7062): THAILAND: Nong Khai Province: Sangkhom District, Tham Tip Waterfall (No. 23), 18°7.57'N 102°11.16'E, alt. 198 m, 3 November 2010, S. Dashdamirov leg.

The dorso-distal margin (blue in Fig. 57a) of ventral plate much higher than the dorso-distal margin (purple in Fig. 57a) of pars basalis, the ventral and dorsal side of distal margin of pars basalis of penis not in the same level (cf. Fig. 57b). Dorsal opisthosomal areae II and IV without long spines in male (Figs 32, 63). The pedipalpal femur medio-distally with one seta-tipped tubercle, and the male patella with one short tubercle at base instead of unarmed in female (Figs 38, 52).

The new species is dedicated to Dr. Peter Jäger, Germany, an esteemed arachnologist. He is a co-founder of the Asian Society of Arachnology (ASA) and due to his efforts, arachnology in Asia has taken a large step forward.

Male (holotype) habitus as in Figs 32, 40, 62, 63. Coloration (Figs 62, 63): entire body dorsally rusty yellow with brown patches; median area of prosoma with brown reticulations in front of the ocularium; on each side behind ocularium brown outlines; both lateral ridges of the prosomal and opisthosomal scuta with dark brown stripes; opisthosomal areae I–III with light brown outlines; areae IV and V with a dark transverse band; free tergites with three large dark brown blotches; venter concolorous with the dorsum; chelicerae, pedipalps and legs rusty yellow, reticulated with light to dark brown.

Figures 32–39. 

Plistobunus jaegeri sp. nov., male holotype 32 body, lateral view 33 left chelicera, medial view 34 same, lateral view 35 left basichelicerite, dorsal view 36 left cheliceral hand, frontal view 37 left cheliceral fingers, frontal view 38 left pedipalp, medial view 39 same, lateral view. Scale bars: 1 mm (32–36, 38, 39), 0.5 mm (37).

Dorsum (Figs 40, 62). Dorsal scutum trapezoid in shape, widest portion of body at area IV, the abdomen broadly rounded posteriorly. Anterior margin of prosoma with six tubercles. Ocularium oval, removed from anterior border of scutum by 0.40 mm, armed with a long median upright spine. The anterior margin of opisthosomal area I strongly bowed and the borders of other areae slightly bowed. Opisthosomal area I with a median pair of seta-tipped tubercles; areae II and III with similar median tubercles in addition to a few smaller ones on each side; areae IV and V and free tergites with a transverse row of seta-tipped tubercles.

Venter (Fig. 64). Coxae with tubercular surface. Coxa I with enlarged seta-tipped tubercles. Coxae II–IV with minute seta-tipped tubercles. Genital operculum with a few seta-tipped granules. Free sternites with a row of small seta-tipped tubercles. Spiracles clearly visible.

Chelicerae (Figs 33–37). Basichelicerite elongate, its dorsal side centrally with three spines, distal one the longest and proximal one the shortest; the lateral side with a row of four medium-sized spines; on the medial side four seta-tipped tubercles spirally arranged, in addition with a basal protuberance; ventral side with eight seta-tipped tubercles. Cheliceral hand considerably broad, pro-dorsally with some seta-tipped tubercles; three seta-tipped tubercles on the ventral side. Fingers strong, inner edges toothed (Fig. 37): moveable finger and fixed finger with five stumpy teeth.

Pedipalps (Figs 38, 39). Coxa dorsally and ventrally each with three seta-tipped tubercles. Trochanter ventrally with three, dorsally with one seta-tipped tubercles. Femur ventrally with a row of nine; dorsally with a row of nine seta-tipped tubercles; medio-distally with one seta-tipped tubercle. Patella ventro-mesally and ventro-ectally each with two seta-tipped tubercles. Tibia ventro-mesally with three and ventro-ectally with four and ventrally with one seta-tipped basal tubercle. Tarsus with four seta-tipped tubercles on ventral side. Tarsal claw curved, longer than tarsus.

Legs (Figs 41–44). Trochanters I–IV ventrally with a few small seta-tipped granules. Femora I–IV ventrally with longitudinal row of many seta-tipped tubercles; size on femur I enlarged and on femora II–IV reduced, on femur IV inconspicuous. Patella I ventrally with two seta-tipped granules. Tarsi III and IV with smooth double claws, without scapulae. Distitarsi I and II two-jointed. The remaining leg segments unarmed. Tarsal formula (I–IV): 6(2)/15(2)/6/7.

Figures 40–54. 

Plistobunus jaegeri sp. nov. male (Figs 40–44, holotype) and female (Figs 45–54, paratype) 40, 45 body, dorsal view 41 right leg I, retrolateral view 42–44, 46 femur of right legs, retrolateral view 42 leg II 43 leg III 44 leg IV 46 leg I 47 left chelicera, medial view 48 same, lateral view 49 left basichelicerite, dorsal view 50 left cheliceral hand, frontal view 51 left cheliceral fingers, frontal view 52 left pedipalp, medial view 53 ovipositor, ventral view 54 same, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm (40–46, 52), 0.5 mm (47–51), 0.25 mm (53, 54).

Penis (Figs 55–61). The shaft slender, parallel-sided, enlarged towards glans, distal end broadest. Distal part of truncus, i.e., glans area, almost trapezoid (ventral view, Figs 55, 56, 59), and dorsally without an indentation on the distal margin (Fig. 56, cf. Fig. 19). Glans partially sunken into dorsally depressed portion of pars distalis of penis, its tip slightly extending the distal margin (blue in Fig. 57a) of the ventral plate. The distal extension of capsula externa of semi-circular shape (Fig. 60). The distal extension of capsula interna fused into a V-shaped structure (ventral view, Fig. 59). Stylus columnar, flat distally (lateral view, Fig. 60). Spination asymmetrical, in position a single seta D; spination symmetrical, one pair of setae B, two pairs of setae C, E, and F, and three pairs of setae A.

Female (Figs 45–54, 65–67). In general appearance similar to the male. Scutum more widely trapezoid and wider than that of male in the posterior margin. Opisthosomal area II with a median pair of spines, area IV with a median spine (Fig. 66). Chelicera smaller and with reduced tubercles, the dorsal surface of basichelicerite centrally with one spine, the ventral surface of cheliceral hand with one seta-tipped tubercle, inner edges of finger toothed as illustrated (Fig. 51). Pedipalpal (Fig. 52) femur ventrally with a row of six, dorsally with three conspicuous seta-tipped tubercles, medio-distally without any seta-tipped tubercle; patella with three seta-tipped tubercles. The seta-tipped tubercles on femur I (Fig. 46), as well as femora II–IV inconspicuous. Tarsal formula (I–IV): 7(2)/18(2)/7/8.

Figures 55–61. 

Plistobunus jaegeri sp. nov., genitalia of male holotype (not included Fig. 57b) 55 penis, ventral view 56 pars distalis of penis, ventral view 57a same, lateral view 58 same, dorsal view 57b pars distalis of penis, lateral view (Plistobunus columnarius Lian et al., 2011) 59 pars distalis of penis (everted), ventral view 60 same, lateral view 61 same, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CE capsula externa CI capsula interna G glans Pb pars basalis Pd pars distalis S stylus VP ventral plate. Scale bars: 0.25 mm.

Ovipositor (Figs 53, 54). On ventral side with four and on dorsal side with six setae.

Male holotype (female paratype). Body 2.40 (3.53) long, 1.94 (2.08) wide at the widest portion, scutum1.68 (2.23) long. Ocularium 0.33 (0.32) long, 0.61 (0.56) wide. Proximal chelicerae 1.24 (1.11) long, 0.35 (0.30) wide; second 1.80 (1.50) long, 0.60 (0.42) wide; distal 0.76 (0.76) long, 0.19 (0.16) wide. Pedipalpus claw 0.60 (0.79) long. Penis 0.94 long. Measurements of pedipalpus and legs as in Tables 3 and 4.

The specimens were collected by hand under stones in forest.

Known only from the type locality, the Pha Taem National Park in the Ubon Ratchathanl Province, Thailand.

Notes. The genus Plistobunus was known by two species restricted to China, i.e., P. rapax Pocock, 1903 (type species, Hong Kong) and P. columnarius Lian et al., 2011 (Hainan Island). The most distinctive characters of these two species are a pair of long dorsal spines on opisthosomal area II and a median long spine on area IV. However, these characters are not conspicuous in the male of P. jaegeri sp. nov. (Figs 32, 63).

Figures 62–67. 

Photographs of male (Figs 62–64, holotype) and female (Figs 65–67, paratype) of Plistobunus jaegeri sp. nov. 62, 65 body and parts of appendages, dorsal view 63, 66 body and parts of appendages, lateral view 64, 67 body and parts of appendages, ventral view. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Toccolus minimus Roewer, 1927, by monotypy.

Medium-sized epedanines (1.40–3.21 mm) with a median spine on the ocularium. Opisthosomal areae unarmed except for some seta-tipped tubercles. The basichelicerite of chelicerae armed with small or enlarged tubercles. Pedipalpal femur ventrally with five or six seta-tipped tubercles, and distally with two or three tubercles on medial side. Pedipalpal patella ventro-mesally with two tubercles, and ventro-ectally with one tubercle. Distitarsus of leg I with two segments.

Toccolus minimus Roewer, 1927, Toccolus chibai Suzuki, 1976, Toccolus globitarsis Suzuki, 1969, Toccolus javanensis Kury, 2008, and Toccolus kuryi sp. nov.

Thailand, Java, Malaysia, Vietnam.

(not examined). Holotype, male: THAILAND: Paktong Cha, Nakhon Ratchasima Province: 24 November – 10 December 1963. Paratypes: three females, same collection data as the holotype. All specimens were collected by H. Watanabe.

The type-specimens are all deposited in the Zoological Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Hiroshima University.

One male, one female and one juvenile (SMF-CJM7053), THAILAND: Chaiyaphum Province: Phakdi Chumphon Distr., near cave Wat Tham Kaeo (No. 15), 15°58.50'N 101°24.66'E, 350 m alt. 1 November 2010, S. Dashdamirov leg.

Male habitus as in Figs 68, 73, 96, 97. Coloration (Figs 96, 97): body light yellow with brown patches; median area of prosoma with brown reticulations; both lateral ridges of scutum with brown stripes; opisthosomal areae I–III each with a transverse band of brown markings; area IV and all free tergites with a cross series of three brown flecks; all coxae yellow with brown reticulations distally; free sternites each with brown bands, bands somewhat paler on the central portion; chelicerae and pedipalps with reticulated irregular markings; trochanters pale yellow, femur, patella, tibia, and metatarsus with black reticulations, tarsus lighter.

Dorsum (Figs 73, 96). Scutum nearly parallel-sided, slightly trapezoid, the widest portion at scutal area IV, and abdomen bluntly pointed posteriorly. Prosoma with a row of nine sharp pointed tubercles along anterior margin (Fig. 73); otherwise whole dorsum smooth. Ocularium oval, removed from anterior border of scutum by 0.33 mm, armed with a conspicuously shorter median spine than the height of ocularium (lateral view), and two small tubercles above the eyes. The posterior area of ocularium on prosoma raised and broadly rounded. The anterior margin of opisthosomal area I bowed and the borders of other areae slightly bowed. Opisthosomal areae I–IV with a row of seta-tipped tubercles and a longitudinal row of similar tubercles on the lateral margins. Free tergites with a transverse row of seta-tipped tubercles each, anal operculum with scattered granules.

Venter (Fig. 98). Coxae with tubercular surface, coxa I with enlarged seta-tipped tubercles. Coxae II–IV with minute tubercles. Genital operculum and free sternites with seta-tipped granules. Spiracles clearly visible.

Chelicerae (Figs 69–70, 74–77). Basichelicerite elongate and armed with three long, curved spines dorsally (Figs 69, 70); one similar spine distally on the ectal side (Figs 70, 74); six seta-tipped tubercles scattered over the ventral side (Fig. 69); medial side with a basal protuberance (Fig. 69). Tubercle on left basichelicerite more medially than on right one (arrowed in Fig. 75). Cheliceral hand considerably widened, pro-dorsally with some seta-tipped tubercles, the inner ones much larger than the outer ones (Fig. 76); ectally with two seta-tipped tubercles at the subdistal portion (Figs 70, 76); one enlarged seta-tipped tubercle and a smaller one on the ventral side (Fig. 70). Fingers strong, inner edges toothed (Fig. 77): moveable finger with five teeth, the proximal one square, the other four pointed; fixed finger with six crested teeth.

Figures 68–72. 

Toccolus globitarsis Suzuki, 1969. Male 68 body, lateral view 69 left chelicera, medial view 70 same, lateral view 71 left pedipalp, medial view 72 same, lateral view. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Pedipalps (Figs 71, 72). Coxa dorsally with three seta-tipped tubercles, one strong distal, one subdistal more exteriorly placed, one blunt proximal; ventrally with two seta-tipped tubercles. Trochanter ventrally with two setiferous tubercles, dorsally with an enlarged one and a small one. Femur ventrally with a row of five setiferous tubercles of which the longest one close to the base; dorsally with a row of ten setiferous tubercles of which the distal two inconspicuous; distally on medial side with two setiferous tubercles. Patella ventro-mesally with two setiferous and ventro-ectally with one setiferous tubercles. Tibia ventro-mesally with three and ventro-ectally with four setiferous tubercles. Tarsus on ventral side para-median with three setiferous tubercles each. Tarsal claw curved, longer than tarsus.

Legs. All segments unarmed, nearly smooth. Legs I–II slender, legs III–IV much stronger. Femora I–III not curved, almost straight, femur IV slightly curved. Distitarsi I and II with two tarsomeres. Distitarsi III and IV without scopula, only two bare claws present. Tarsal formula (I–IV): 7(2)/16(2)/6/7.

Penis (Figs 87–95). Shaft slender, nearly parallel-sided and only slightly distended, then more pronounced towards apical portion (pars distalis). Ventral surface of pars distalis formed by ventral plate conspicuously widened distally, and at its distal end with a deep and rounded incision (Fig. 88). Glans partially sunken into dorsally depressed portion of pars distalis and extending the distal margin of the ventral plate (Figs 88–90). Capsula externa cylindrical. Capsula interna inside with a dense coat of fur-like microtrichia, including ventral lobe and dorsal lobe; everted ventral lobe ventrally extended beyond the ventral plate, and folded on both sides; everted dorsal lobe embracing the capsula externa, and with two small triangular projections on the sides of the distal margin of pars distalis. Stylus curled by the membrane forming irregular shape. Spination symmetrical. One pair of setae A, B, and F. Two pairs of setae C1–2, D1–2, and E1–2 (Figs 88–92).

Figures 73–86. 

Toccolus globitarsis Suzuki, 1969, male (Figs 73–77) and female (Figs 78–86) 73, 78 body, dorsal view 74, 75 basichelicerite, dorsal view 74 left 75 right 76 left cheliceral hand, frontal view 77 left cheliceral fingers, frontal view 79 left chelicera, medial view 80 same, lateral view 81 left basichelicerite, dorsal view 82 left cheliceral hand, frontal view 83 left pedipalp, medial view 84 same, lateral view 85 ovipositor, ventral view 86 same, dorsal view. Scale bars: 1 mm (73–78, 83–84), 0.5 mm (79–82), 0.25 mm (85–86).

(Figs 78–86, 99–101). Generally similar to male except abdomen slightly wider than in male (Figs 78, 99). The median spine on ocularium greatly enlarged and ocularium with two reduced tubercles above each eye. Chelicerae not enlarged but of normal shape, with a slight difference in inner edges of cheliceral finger (Fig. 82). Femora of pedipalpi dorsally with a row of five setiferous tubercles, distally on medial side with three setiferous tubercles. Tarsal formula (I–IV): 6(2)/15(2)/6/7.

Ovipositor (Figs 85, 86). Ventral surface with four setae and dorsal surface with six setae.

Figures 87–95. 

Toccolus globitarsis Suzuki, 1969, genitalia of male 87 penis, dorsal view 88 pars distalis of penis, ventral view 89, 90 same, lateral view 91 same, dorsal view 92 pars distalis of penis(everted), ventral view 93, 94 same, lateral view 95 same, dorsal view. Abbreviations: CE capsula externa CI capsula interna DL dorsal lobe G glans Pb pars basalis Pd pars distalis S stylus VP ventral plate VL ventral lobe. Scale bars: 0.25 mm.

Male (female): body 2.89 (2.41) long, 2.35 (2.10) wide at widest portion, scutum 2.27 (1.80) long. Ocularium 0.45 (0.32) long, 0.77 (0.62) wide. Proximal chelicerae 1.60 (1.01) long, 0.50 (0.36) wide; second 2.56 (1.52) long, 0.92 (0.51) wide; distal 1.15 (0.74) long, 0.25 (0.14) wide. Pedipalpal claw 0.95 (0.87) long. Penis 1.15 long. Measurements of pedipalp and legs as in Tables 5 and 6.

The specimens were collected in litter and under stones.

Thailand (Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Chieng Mai Province, Chaiyaphum Province).

Figures 96–101. 

Photographs of male (Figs 96–98) and female (Figs 99–101) of Toccolus globitarsis Suzuki, 1969. 96, 99 body and parts of appendages, dorsal view 97, 100 body and parts of appendages, lateral view 98, 101 body and parts of appendages, ventral view. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Holotype male (SMF-CJM7065): THAILAND: Loel Province: Nang Hin District, near cave Wat Tham Malohan (No.18a), 17°06.47'N 101°52.69'E, alt. 362 m, 2 November 2010, S. Dashdamirov leg. Paratype. One female (SMF-CJM7063): THAILAND: Nong Khai Province: Sangkhom District, Tham Tip Waterfall (No. 23), 18°07.57'N 102°11.16'E, alt. 198 m, 3 November 2010, S. Dashdamirov leg.

The distal part of glans nearly triangular (ventral and dorsal views, Figs 119, 121) and the tip curved ventrally (lateral view, Fig. 120). Basichelicerite dorsally with three spines (Figs 103, 104, 112, 113). Pedipalpal femur ventrally with a row of six setiferous tubercles, the longest one at the base (Figs 108, 116).

The specific name is a patronym in honor of Dr. Adriano B. Kury, a well-known arachnologist from Brazil. A. Kury (2000) created a website of Opiliones and built a platform for acquiring knowledge accessible for everyone. He redefined the family Epedanidae to include four subfamilies (Kury 1993).

Male (holotype) habitus as in Figs 102, 110, 124–126. Coloration (Figs 124–126): body light yellow with brown patches; median area of prosoma with brown reticulations; both lateral ridges of scutum with brown stripes; opisthosomal areae I–III each with a transverse brownish band; area IV with a series of three brown flecks; all free tergites brown; all coxae yellow with brown reticulations distally; free sternites each with brown bands, these somewhat paler on the central portion; chelicerae and pedipalps reticulated; trochanters pale yellow, femur, patella, tibia and metatarsus with black reticulations, tarsus lighter.

Figures 102–109. 

Toccolus kuryi sp. nov., male holotype 102 body, lateral view 103 left chelicera, medial view 104 same, lateral view 105 left basichelicerite, dorsal view 106 left cheliceral hand, frontal view 107 left pedipalp, medial view 108 same, lateral view 109 right pedipalp, medial view. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Dorsum (Figs 110, 124). Scutum trapezoid in appearance, both parts nearly parallel-sided, the widest portion of body at opisthosomal area IV, posterior end of opisthosoma bluntly rounded. Prosoma with a row of ten sharply pointed tubercles along anterior margin. Dorsal scutum smooth. Ocularium oval, removed from anterior border of prosoma scutum by 0.38 mm, armed with a conspicuous short median spine of about the height of ocularium (lateral view), four small tubercles above both eyes. The area behind ocularium raised, and the posterior margin of prosoma smoothly rounded. The anterior margin of opisthosomal area I markedly bowed out, borders of other scutal areae slightly bowed out. Opisthosomal areae I–IV with a row of seta-tipped tubercles each and a longitudinal row of similar tubercles on left and right lateral margins. Free tergites with a transverse row of seta-tipped tubercles and anal operculum with scattered granules.

Venter (Fig. 126). Coxae with tubercular surface, coxa I additionally with enlarged seta-tipped tubercles. Coxae II–IV with minute tubercles. Genital operculum and free sternites with seta-tipped granules. Spiracles clearly visible.

Chelicerae (Figs 103–106). Basichelicerite elongate, armed with two long, curved spines, one short spine dorsally; another one distally on the ectal side; six seta-tipped tubercles scattered over the ventral side; medial side with a basal protuberance (Fig. 103). Cheliceral hand considerably widened, pro-dorsally with few seta-tipped tubercles, the inner ones larger than the outer ones; ectally with two seta-tipped tubercles at the subdistal portion; one enlarged seta-tipped tubercle and a smaller one on the ventral side. Fingers strong, inner edges toothed (Fig. 106): moveable finger with five teeth, the proximal one cut rectangularly, the other four pointed; fixed finger with five pointed teeth.

Figures 110–117. 

Toccolus kuryi sp. nov., male (Fig. 110, holotype) and female (Figs 111–117, paratype) 110, 111 body, dorsal view 112 right chelicera, lateral view 113 same, medial view 114 right basichelicerite, dorsal view 115 right cheliceral hand, frontal view 116 right pedipalp, lateral view 117 same, medial view. Scale bars: 1 mm (110–113, 116, 117), 0.5 mm (114, 115).

Pedipalps (Figs 107–109). Coxa dorsally with three seta-tipped tubercles, one strong distal, one sub-distal exterior to it, and a blunt one situated proximally; ventrally with two seta-tipped tubercles. Trochanter ventrally with two setiferous tubercles and dorsally with an enlarge one and a small one. Femur ventrally with a row of five (right pedipalp, Fig. 102) or six (left pedipalp, Fig. 108) setiferous tubercles, the longest one at the base of the row; dorsally with a row of ten setiferous tubercles, distal one and proximal one inconspicuous; disto-medially side with two setiferous tubercles. Patella ventro-mesally with two and ventro-ectally with one setiferous tubercles. Tibia ventro-mesally with three and ventro-ectally with four setiferous tubercles. Tarsus with three setiferous tubercles each ventro-ectally and ventro-medially. Tarsal claw massive, curved, longer than tarsus.

Legs. All segments unarmed, nearly smooth. Legs I–II slender, legs III–IV strong. Femora I–III not curved, almost straight, femur IV slightly curved. Distitarsi I and II with two tarsomeres. Distitarsi III and IV without scopula and with two unpectinated claws. Tarsal formula (I–IV): 7(2)/16(2)/7/7.

Penis (Figs 118–121). Shaft slender, nearly parallel-sided, apical part (pars distalis) distended. Ventral plate conspicuously constricted apically, and dorsally with deep indented near the glans. Glans partially sunken into dorsal depressed portion of pars distalis and extended the distal margin of the ventral plate (Fig. 120). The distal part of glans almost triangular (ventral and dorsal views, Figs 119, 121), the tip curved ventrally. Spination symmetrical. One pair of setae A, B, and F. Two pairs of setae C1–2, D1–2, and E1–2 (Figs 120, 121).

(SMF-CJM7063) (Figs 111–117, 122, 123, 127–129). Body nearly oval. Granulation and spination of body similar to the male (Figs 111, 127). Prosoma with a row of eight sharp pointed tubercles along anterior margin (Fig. 111). Surface of dorsum smooth. Ocularium with only one conspicuous tubercle near the left eye except for the long median spine. Chelicerae of normal shape, not enlarged, slight difference in inner edges of cheliceral finger (Fig. 115). Femora of pedipalpi ventrally with six and dorsally with a row of five setiferous tubercles, disto-medially with three setiferous tubercles. Tarsal formula (I–IV): 6(2)/15(2)/7/7.

Ovipositor (Figs 122, 123). Ventral side with four, dorsal side with six setae.

Measurements. Male (female): body 2.27 (2.76) long, 2.08 (1.96) wide at widest portion, scutum 1.95 (1.79) long. Ocularium 0.41 (0.30) long, 0.69 (0.51) wide. Proximal chelicerae 1.24 (0.84) long, 0.47 (0.31) wide; second 2.20 (1.37) long, 0.78 (0.45) wide; distal 0.97 (0.62) long, 0.22 (0.14) wide. Pedipalp claw 0.82 (0.79) long. Penis 1.02 long. Measurements of pedipalp and legs as in Tables 7 and 8.

The specimens were collected under stones (SMF-CJM7065) and under Acacia bark and rotten stumps (SMF-CJM7063).

Thailand (Loel Province, Nong Khai Province).

Figures 118–123. 

Toccolus kuryi sp. nov., genitalia of male holotype 118 penis, dorsal view 119 pars distalis of penis, dorsal view 120 same, lateral view 121 same, ventral view 122 ovipositor, ventral view 123 same, dorsal view. Abbreviations: G glans Pb pars basalis Pd pars distalis VP ventral plate. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (118), 0.25 mm (119–123).

Figures 124–129. 

Photographs of male (Figs 124–126, holotype) and female (Figs 127–129, paratype) of Toccolus kuryi sp. nov. 124, 127 body and parts of appendages, dorsal view 125, 128 body and parts of appendages, lateral view 126, 129 body and parts of appendages, ventral view. Scale bars: 1 mm.