Research Article |
Corresponding author: Guo-Xi Xue ( xueguoxi95227@163.com ) Corresponding author: Hai-Ying Tian ( haiyingflying@163.com ) Academic editor: Thomas Simonsen
© 2020 Guo-Xi Xue, Yutaka Inayoshi, Meng Li, Fu-Ming Zhang, Da-Kun Lai, Hai-Ying Tian.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Xue G-X, Inayoshi Y, Li M, Zhang F-M, Lai D-K, Tian H-Y (2020) New records of Celaenorrhinus pyrrha de Nicéville, 1889 and C. munda (Moore, 1884) from China (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae). ZooKeys 985: 61-70. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.985.46835
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Celaenorrhinus pyrrha de Nicéville, 1889, a rare species of Hesperiidae previously known to be distributed from northeastern India to Indochina, is reported from southwestern Yunnan and southwestern Chongqing, China. A 658 bp COI gene sequence of this species is published for the first time. Although Chongqing is obviously isolated from the main distribution range, morphological characters of the specimens from this locality do not indicate a subspecies differentiation. Another rare taxon, C. munda munda (Moore, 1884), is also recorded from China for the first time based upon a male specimen from Cuona County in the Tibet Autonomous Region. This is the second specimen of C. munda from China, over 100 years after the holotype of C. munda joka Evans, 1949. The genitalia of both species are illustrated and described. Some taxonomic notes and a distribution map are provided as well.
COI, distribution, fauna, female genitalia, male genitalia, subspecies
The genus Celaenorrhinus Hübner, [1819] includes over 100 species worldwide (
Celaenorrhinus pyrrha is known from Sikkim, Bhutan through Assam to Indochina (
Celaenorrhinus munda was recorded from China by
Since the genitalia structures of Celaenorrhinus pyrrha and C. munda have not been illustrated in detail except for the simple hand drawings by
9♂♂, 7♀♀ of Celaenorrhinus pyrrha and 1♂ of Celaenorrhinus munda munda were studied. Specimens from China are deposited in Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, and those from Thailand and Vietnam are in the private collections of Mr. Kotaro Saito (Tokyo) and Mr. Yutaka Inayoshi (Chiang Mai). Detailed information for each specimen can be found in the Results under each species.
The terminology of morphology mainly follows those of
The genitalia of both sexes were examined in glycerin and photographed using an Olympus SZX7 stereomicroscope after clearing in a cold 10% NaOH solution. Images were taken with a Canon PowerShot G16 digital camera. Image post-processing was accomplished with Adobe Photoshop CS 8.0.1.
One leg of each dried specimen (Table
Species | Locality | Date | Sex | Voucher ID | Accession number |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Celaenorrhinus pyrrha | China, Yunnan, Yingjiang, Jinzhuzhai | 27.IV.2016 | male | A56 | MT997273 |
China, Chongqing, Simian Mountain | 16.VIII.2016 | male | A57 | MT997274 | |
China, Chongqing, Simian Mountain | 16.VIII.2016 | male | A58 | MT997275 | |
China, Chongqing, Simian Mountain | 16.VIII.2016 | female | A59 | MT997276 | |
China, Chongqing, Simian Mountain | 16.VIII.2016 | female | A60 | MN443912 | |
Celaenorrhinus macrostictus | Gabon, MDC Lonmin | 29.I.2008 | male | – | JN277521.1* |
Celaenorrhinus dargei | Nigeria, Obudu Plateau | 11.IV.2007 | – | – | KP149680.1* |
Celaenorrhinus patula | China, Tibet, Motuo | VII.2018 | – | SCAU He1657 | MN199383.1* |
COI sequences of Celaenorrhinus macrostictus, C. dargei and C. patula (Table
Celaenorrhinus pyrrha
de Nicéville, 1889: 181. Type locality: Bhutan;
Material dissected and sequenced: 1♂ 1♀, China, Chongqing, Simian Mountain, 785 m, 16 August 2016, leg. Guoxi Xue [Dissection ID CQ164, CQ165; DNA voucher ID A58, A59]; 1♂, China, Yunnan, Yingjiang, Jinzhuzhai, 27 April 2016, leg. Guoxi Xue [Dissection ID YN25, DNA voucher ID A56]. Material dissected: 1♂ 1♀, China, Chongqing, Simian Mountain, 17 June 2007, 23 September 2007, 500–1,000 m [Dissection ID CQ125, CQ67]; 1♂ 1♀, Thailand, Nan, Doi Phu Kha, 4, 18 October 1991, leg. Inayoshi Yutaka [Dissection ID Th1, Th2]. Material sequenced: 1♂ 1♀, China, Chongqing, Simian Mountain, 785 m, 16 August 2016, leg. Guoxi Xue [DNA voucher ID A57, A60]. Other material examined: China • 1♀, Chongqing, Simian Mountain, 785 m, 16 August 2016, leg. Guoxi Xue; 2♀♀, Chongqing, Simian Mountain, 17 June 2007, 23 September 2007, 500–1,000 m. Vietnam • 1♂, Lam Dong Province, near Dalat City, Nong Trai, 1,200 m, 16 August 2003, leg. Kotaro Saito; 1♂, Dalat City, Nong Trai, 10 September 2008, leg. T. Saito; 2♂♂, Dalat City, Nong Trai, 1,200 m, 12 April 2009, 24 May 2009, leg. Kotaro Saito.
Adults of Celaenorrhinus pyrrha and C. munda munda. 1–3 C. pyrrha 1 male, China, Chongqing, Simian Mountain, 785 m, 16 August 2016, leg. Guoxi Xue [Dissection ID CQ164, DNA voucher ID A58] 2 male, China, Yunnan, Yingjiang, Jinzhuzhai, 27 April 2016, leg. Guoxi Xue [Dissection ID YN25, DNA voucher ID A56] 3 female, China, Chongqing, Simian Mountain, 785 m, 16 August 2016, leg. Guoxi Xue [DNA voucher ID A60] 4 C. munda munda, male, China, Tibet, Cuona County, Lebugou, 19 June 2013, leg. Songyun Lang [Dissection ID Tib1] a dorsal side b ventral side. Scale bars: 1 cm.
A 658 bp partial COI sequence was successfully generated from each specimen used for DNA extraction (Table
Uncorrected pairwise genetic distances (Kimura-2-parameter) for the COI sequences of Celaenorrhinus species.
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. MT997273_A56 | |||||||
2. MT997274_A57 | 0.000 | ||||||
3. MT997275_A58 | 0.000 | 0.000 | |||||
4. MT997276_A59 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | ||||
5. MN443912_A60 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | 0.000 | |||
6. MN199383.1 | 0.082 | 0.082 | 0.082 | 0.082 | 0.082 | ||
7. JN277521.1 | 0.075 | 0.075 | 0.075 | 0.075 | 0.075 | 0.089 | |
8. KP149680.1 | 0.078 | 0.078 | 0.078 | 0.078 | 0.078 | 0.075 | 0.043 |
Male genitalia (Fig.
Male genitalia of Celaenorrhinus pyrrha from Chongqing [Dissection ID CQ125] A genital capsule, lateral view B genital capsule, dorsal view C genital capsule, ventral view D genital capsule, lateral view, valva and aedeagus removed E tegumen and gnathos, ventral view F right valva, inner surface G aedeagus, lateral view I aedeagus, with cornuti pulled out H aedeagus, dorsal view J juxta, posterior view.
Female genitalia (Fig.
According to our years of field surveys, and records in the literature (
Distribution map of Celaenorrhinus pyrrha and C. munda. Triangle C. pyrrha a Yingjiang (Yunnan Province) b Simian Mountain (Chongqing) Circle C. munda Red C. munda munda Blue C. munda maculicornis Black C. munda joka c Cuona County (Tibet Autonomous Region) d Simla (Type locality of ssp. munda) e Khasi (Type locality of ssp. maculicornis).
Plesioneura munda Moore, 1884: 48, type locality: Simla, India.
Celaenorrhinus munda munda;
China • 1?, Tibet, Cuona County, Lebugou, 19 June 2013, leg. Songyun Lang.
Male genitalia (Fig.
Male genitalia of Celaenorrhinus munda munda from Cuona, southern Tibet [Dissection ID Tib1] A genitalia capsule, lateral view, valva and aedeagus removed B tegumen and gnathos, dorsal view C tegumen and gnathos, ventral view D left valva, outer surface E left valva, inner surface F left valva, dorsal view G aedeagus, lateral view H aedeagus, dorsal view I aedeagus, ventral view J juxta, posterior view.
Three subspecies have been described for Celaenorrhinus munda, of which C. munda joka Evans, 1949 is only known from the type locality, Tsekou, Yunnan, where the holotype was captured in 1898 as the only known exemplar of the species from China (
Celaenorrhinus munda maculicornis Elwes & Edwards, 1897 is distributed from Sikkim, Assam to Myanmar (
The nominate subspecies has been recorded from the northwestern Himalayas and Sikkim (
We express our sincere thanks to Dr. Songyun Lang (Chongqing), Dr. Hao Xu (Chongqing) and Mr. Kotaro Saito (Tokyo) for their various help. We are grateful to Dr. Alexander L. Monastyrskii (Hanoi), Dr. David J. Lohman (The City College of New York, USA) and the editor for their valuable comments on the manuscript. This study was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41401067) and the Forest Resource Service Center of Simian Mountain, Chongqing.
Alignment of sequences
Data type: molecular data