Sinanapis crassitarsa Wunderlich & Song, 1995 from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan.

The males of Sinanapis can be distinguished from other male anapids by the palp with at least 3 patellar apophyses (Figs 2C, 4A, 6H, 9D), the ventrally flat bulb lacking conductor (Figs 2E, 4B, 6E, 9C), the embolus coiling around the bulb margin in at least one loop (Figs 2E, 4B, 6E, 9C), and having ventral cusps on metatarsus and tarsus I (Figs 1A, 4D, 6D). Females of Sinanapis can be distinguished from other Chinese anapids by the globular spermathecae spaced by less than 1.5 diameters (Figs 4H, 7I, 9F), and the copulatory ducts with at least one loop (Figs 4H, 7I, 9F).

Sinanapis crassitarsa Wunderlich & Song, 1995 (♂), S. longituba Lin & Li, 2012 (♂, ♀), S. medogense sp. n. (♂, ♀), and S. wuyi Jin & Zhang, 2013 (♂, ♀).

China (Tibet, Yunnan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Fujian, Hainan), Laos, Vietnam.

This genus gender is considered as masculine at its establishment by Wunderlich and Song (1995). But it was later corrected to feminine by World Spider Catalog (2018).

Holotype ♂ (IZCAS), CHINA: Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Mengla County, Menglun Town, tropical botanical garden near rainforest, in leaf litter, 2.X.1987, L.M. Yu leg. (not examined).

1♂ (SMF), LAOS: Champasak Province, Muang Bachieng, Ban Lak 35, That Etu, secondary forest, sieved leaf litter near waterfall, 15°11.628'N, 106°06.105'E; 595 m, 26-XI-2009, P. Jäger leg.

Sinanapis crassitarsa may be distinguished from the other two species except S. medogense sp. n. by having a rasper-like dentigerous patellar process and the absence of anterior median eyes (Figs 1D, 2C, D). In contrast, the other two species lack the dentigerous patellar process, and the anterior median eyes are present (Figs 3G, 4A, 9D). It may be distinguished from S. medogense sp. n. by the wide, laminar basal patellar apophysis, and the dentigerous patellar process is as large as the dorsal patellar apophysis (Figure 2B–D, F). In contrast, S. medogense sp. n. has a narrow, tubular basal patellar apophysis, and its dentigerous patellar process is smaller than dorsal patellar apophysis (Figure 6A, B, F–I).

Figure 1. 

Sinanapis crassitarsa Wunderlich & Song, 1995, A–C Male habitus D, E Prosoma (chelicerae and appendages omitted) A dorsal B, E lateral C ventral D anterior. Abbreviations: Cu cusps on leg I; LS labial spur. Scale bars: 0.50 (A–C); 0.20 (D, E).

Figure 2. 

Sinanapis crassitarsa Wunderlich & Song, 1995, A–C Male left palp D Dorsal patellar apophyses on palp E Bulb F Basal patellar apophysis A prolateral B, F reterolateral C, D dorsal E ventral. Abbreviations: BA basal patellar apophysis; Cy cymbium; DA dorsal patellar apophysis; DP dentigerous patellar process; Em embolus; Fe femur; LA lateral patellar apophysis; Pa patella; PS patellar spine; TA tibial apophysis; Te tegulum; Ti tibia. Scale bars: 0.20 (A–C); 0.10 (D, E); 0.05 (F).

See Figs 1A–E, 2A–F and Wunderlich and Song (1995), see also Song et al. (1999) and Lin et al. (2013).

China (Yunnan), Laos, and Vietnam.

Holotype: ♂ (IZCAS), CHINA: Hainan Province, Qiongzhong City, Mt. Limushan Nature Reserve, in leaf litter, 19°11.000'N, 109°44.000'E; 655 m, 12.VIII.2007, S.Q. Li & C.X. Wang leg. Paratypes: 3♂, 11♀ (IZCAS), same data as holotype (examined).

4♂, 2♀ (NHMSU), CHINA: Hainan Province, Qiongzhong City, Yinggeling National Natural Reserve, Yinggezui Management Station, 19°03.037'N, 109°44.899'E; 622 m, 8–9.V.2011, Y.Y. Zhou leg.; 1♀ (NHMSU), CHINA: Hainan Province, Baisha County, Yuanmen Town, Hongxin Village, Yinggeling, 19°03.643'N, 109°31.329'E; 598±11 m, 27.III.2013, Z.G. Chen leg.

The male of S. longituba can be distinguished from S. crassitarsa and S. medogense sp. n. by the presence of anterior median eyes (Figure 3G), lacking in two latter species (Figs 1D, 5G), and by the absence of a rasper-like dentigerous process (Figure 3A, B), whereas the dentigerous process is present in the other two species (Figs 2C, 6H). It differs from S. wuyi by the robust leg I in both sexes (Figs 3A–D, 4C, D), as against the normal leg I seen in S. wuyi (Figure 8A, B, D, E). It further differs from S. wuyi by having a very long basal patellar apophysis, 3 times longer than palpal femur (Figure 4A, B), while the basal patellar apophysis is shorter than the palpal femur in S. wuyi (Figure 9A, B). The female of S. longituba can be distinguished from that of the congeners by the larger copulatory openings and the longer copulatory ducts around the spermathecae (Figure 4G, H). On the other hand, the copulatory openings are smaller in S. medogense sp. n. (Figure 7G, I) and S. wuyi (Figure 9E, F) and their shorter copulatory ducts do not around the spermathecae.

Figure 3. 

Sinanapis longituba Lin & Li, 2012, A, B, E Male habitus C, D, F Female habitus G, H Prosoma (appendages omitted) A, C dorsal B, D ventral E, F, H lateral G anterior. Abbreviations: CT cheliceral tubercle; LS labial spur. Scale bars: 0.50 (A–F); 0.20 (G, H).

Figure 4. 

Sinanapis longituba Lin & Li, 2012, A, B Male left palp C, D Male leg I E Female abdomen FEpigyneG, H Vulva A, D prolateral B, C reterolateral E–G ventral H doral. Abbreviations: BA basal patellar apophysis; BC booklung cover; CD copulatory ducts; CO copulatory opening; Cy cymbium; Cu cusps on leg I; DA dorsal patellar apophysis; Em embolus; FD fertilization ducts; Fe femur; LA lateral patellar apophysis; Pa patella; S spermathecae; TA tibial apophysis; Te tegulum; Ti tibia. Scale bars: 0.20 (A, B, E–H); 0.50 (C, D).

See Figs 3A–H, 4A–H and Lin and Li (2012).

China (Hainan).

Holotype: ♂ (NHMSU), CHINA: Tibet Autonomous Region, Nyingchi Prefecture, Medog County, Renqinbeng Mountain, 29°19.050'N, 95°19.998'E; 1314 m, 26.VIII.2015, J.L. Wu leg. Paratypes: 1♂, 2♀ (NHMSU), same data as holotype.

The specific name derives from the type locality; adjective.

The male of this new species can be distinguished from that of S. longituba and S. wuyi by the lack of anterior median eyes and having a rasper-like dentigerous process (Figs 5G, 6G, H). In the case of the two latter species, the anterior median eyes are present, and the rasper-like dentigerous patellar process is absent (Figs 3G, 4A, 9D; Yuan and Peng, 2014: figs 7, 9). It also differs from S. crassitarsa by having a tubular basal apophysis, and a smaller dentigerous process (Figure 6A, B, G–I). In S. crassitarsus, the basal apophysis is laminar, and the dentigerous process is larger (Figure 2A–D, F). The female of the new species differs from S. longituba by having shorter copulatory ducts, each coiling with less than two loops next to the spermatheca (Figure 7I). In S. longituba, each copulatory coil around the spermatheca in more than two loops (Figure 4H). S. medogense further differs from S. wuyi by the absence of anterior median eyes, and by having a white pattern on the abdomen (Figure 5C, F), whereas the anterior median eyes are present and the abdominal white pattern is absent in S. wuyi (Figure 8D, F; Yuan and Peng, 2014: figs 7, 9).

Figure 5. 

Sinanapis medogense sp. n., male holotype (A–B, E, G–I) and female paratype (C–D, F) from Xizang. A–F Habitus G, H Prosoma I Chelicerae A, C dorsal B, D ventral E–F, H lateral G, I frontal. Abbreviations: CT cheliceral tubercle; LS labial spur. Scale bars: 0.50 (A–F); 0.25 (G–I).

Figure 6. 

Sinanapis medogense sp. n., male holotype from Xizang. A, B, E, F Left palp C, D Left leg I G, H Palpal patella and tibia I Patellar apophysis A, D, G prolateral B, C retrolateral E ventral F, H, I dorsal. Abbreviations: BA basal patellar apophysis; Cu cusps on leg I; Cy cymbium; DA dorsal patellar apophysis; DP dentigerous patellar process; Em embolus; Fe femur; LA lateral patellar apophysis; Pa patella; TA tibial apophysis; Ti tibia; Te tegulum. Scale bars: 0.25 (A, B, E–H); 1.00 (C); 0.50 (D); 0.05 (I).

Figure 7. 

Sinanapis medogense sp. n., male holotype (A–C, E, F) and female paratype (D, G–I) from Xizang. A–D Abdomen E Spinnerets F Epigastric scutum GEpigyneH, I Vulva (lactic acid-treated) A, D, F–H ventral B, I dorsal C, E antapical. Abbreviations: BC booklung covers; CD copulatory duct; CO copulatory opening; FD fertilization duct; S spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.50 (A–D); 0.20 (E–G); 0.10 (H, I).

Male (holotype): Somatic characters and coloration as in Figs 5A, B, E, G–I, 7A–C, E, F. Measurements: Total length 1.86. Carapace 0.96 long, 0.72 wide, 0.72 high. Clypeus 0.40 high. Sternum 0.52 long, 0.42 wide. Abdomen 0.90 long, 0.94 wide. Length of legs: I 3.76 (1.18, 0.40, 1.04, 0.42, 0.72); II 2.68 (0.82, 0.32, 0.62, 0.32, 0.60); III 2.02 (0.60, 0.22, 0.40, 0.28, 0.52); IV 2.52 (0.78, 0.24, 0.60, 0.34, 0.56).

Palp (Figure 6A–I): Trochanter very long, subequal to 2/3 of femur length. Femur distally swollen approx. 2 times wider than proximally. Patella, complex, each modified with four apophyses (Figure 6H): basal apophysis long horned, almost as long as patella; two dorsal apophyses, one crooked and fingerlike, and another rasper-like dentigerous process (Figure 6I); a lateral apophysis straight, finger-shaped, protruded. Tibia with a dorsal apophysis and a dorsal trichobothrium (Figure 6F–H). Cymbium bowl-shaped, as wide as long, covered with sparse long setae. Bulb simple, cone-shaped, tegulum smooth and flat, without any apophysis. Embolus long, strongly sclerotized, started at the middle margin of bulb, and ends in the above of subcentral bulb, coiled almost into two loops, distally tapering (Figure 6A, E).

Female (paratype). Somatic characters and coloration as in Figs 5C, D, F, 7D. Measurements: Total length 1.96. Carapace 1.02 long, 0.64 wide, 0.80 high. Abdomen 0.94 long, 0.43 wide. Clypeus 0.46 high. Sternum 0.61 long, 0.43 wide. Length of leg: I 3.42 (1.12, 0.36, 0.90, 0.40, 0.64); II 2.48 (0.76, 0.30, 0.58, 0.28, 0.56); III 1.8 (0.54, 0.20, 0.38, 0.22, 0.46); IV 2.3 (0.72, 0.24, 0.56, 0.28, 0.50).

Epigyne (Figure 7G–I): Epigyne sclerotized, almost rectangular, about 2 times wider than booklung cover, vulva visible through the translucent integument; copulatory openings large, sub-rounded, closed to the epigynal posteromargin. Spermatheca globular, each with a width equal to 2/3 of the breadth of booklung cover, separated by a gap measuring around its own diameter; copulatory ducts coiled the base of spermathecae, starting near the rebordered epigynal posteromargin, and ended at the posterolateral margins of spermathecae; fertilization ducts short, and thin, connected with the bases of the spermathecae.

Known only from the type locality.

Holotype ♂ (MHBU), CHINA: Fujian Province, Wuyi Mountains, Nankeng, 27°56.000'N, 118°06.000'E, 6.VIII.2010, F. Zhang leg. (examined).

3♂ 3♀ (HNU), CHINA: Hunan Province, Dawei Mountains, 28°14.598'N, 114°03.858'E; 1526 m, 1.V.2012, J.L. Wan leg.

The male of S. wuyi can be distinguished from these of S. crassitarsa and S. medogense sp. n. by the lack of a rasper-like dentigerous patellar process on the palp, and by having anterior median eyes (Figure 9D; Yuan and Peng 2014: figs 7, 9). In the other two species, the dentigerous patellar process is present, and the anterior median eyes are absent (Figs 1D, 2C, 5G, 6H). It differs from S. longituba by having a shorter basal apophysis not exceeding the palpal femoral length, and the shorter copulatory ducts not coiled around the spermathecae (Figure 9A–F). One the other hand, in S. longituba, the very long basal apophysis exceed the at least 3 times the length of the palpal femur, and the lengthy copulatory ducts coil around the spermathecae (Figure 4A, B, G, H).

Figure 8. 

Sinanapis wuyi Jin & Zhang, 2013, male (A–C, G) and female (D–F, H) paratypes. A–F Habitus G Epigastric scutum HEpigyneA, D dorsal B, E, G, H ventral C, F lateral. Scale bars: 0.50 (A–F); 0.20 (G, H).

Figure 9. 

Sinanapis wuyi Jin & Zhang, 2013, male (A–D) and female (E, F) paratypes. A–D Left palp E, F Vulva A prolateral B retrolateral C retro-ventral D, F dorsal E ventral. Abbreviations: BA basal patellar apophysis; BC booklung cover; CD copulatory ducts; CO copulatory opening; Cy cymbium; DA dorsal patellar apophysis; Em embolus; FD fertilization ducts; Fe femur; LA lateral patellar apophysis; Pa patella; S spermathecae; TA tibial apophysis; Te tegulum; Ti tibia. Scale bars: 0.20 (A–D); 0.25 (E, F).

See Figs 8A–H, 9A–F and Jin and Zhang (2013), and Yuan and Peng (2014).

China (Hainan, Jiangxi, and Fujian).

Figure 10. 

Distribution records of Sinanapis spp. in the world. A S. crassitarsa Wunderlich & Song, 1995 B S. longituba Lin & Li, 2012 C S. medogense sp. n. D S. wuyi Jin & Zhang, 2013.