Review Article |
Corresponding author: Andrzej Wolski ( andrzej.wolski@uni.opole.pl ) Academic editor: Alfred Wheeler
© 2018 Andrzej Wolski, Jacek Gorczyca, Tomohide Yasunaga, Zdeněk Jindra, Aleksander Herczek.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Wolski A, Gorczyca J, Yasunaga T, Jindra Z, Herczek A (2018) Taxonomic review of the bifenestratus species group of the genus Fulvius Stål with descriptions of two new species (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Miridae, Cylapinae). In: Wheeler Jr AG (Ed.) A Festschrift Recognizing Thomas J. Henry for a Lifetime of Contributions to Heteropteran Systematics. ZooKeys 796: 107-129. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.796.21293
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Two new species of the genus Fulvius Stål are described from the Philippines and Papua New Guinea. A taxonomic review of representatives of the F. bifenestratus species group, illustrations of the male genitalia, a color habitus image of each species, and a key to species of the group are provided.
Australian Region, diagnosis, Fulvius , key, new species, Oriental Region, taxonomy
Fulvius Stål, 1862 is a morphologically diverse, speciose genus, with more than 80 valid species worldwide; most are found in the tropical and subtropical regions (
Our paper provides a taxonomic review of the species belonging to the bifenestratus group, including diagnoses and color habitus images for all species treated. Two new species, F. henryi and F. tumidipennis, are described. Scanning electron micrographs showing selected structures of F. bifenestratus Poppius, F. subnitens Poppius, and F. tumidipennis sp. n. and a key to species of the bifenestratus group are provided.
Observations were made using an Olympus SZX12 stereomicroscope and an Olympus BX50 optical microscope. Digital images of live individuals were taken by TY using a Canon EOS Kiss digital camera body + Olympus OM-System. Scanning electron micrographs were taken using Hitachi S-3400N and Hitachi S3000N scanning electron microscopes. Measurements were taken using an eyepiece (ocular) micrometer; all measurements are given in millimeters. The structures measured were defined by
TYCN T. Yasunaga Collection; Nagasaki, Japan
TLI Tiroler Landesmuseum, Innsbruck, Austria
ZJPC Zdeněk Jindra collection, Praha, Czech Republic
Dorsum shiny, covered with irregular, simple setae (Figs
Each species of the bifenestratus group can be distinguished from other Old World species of Fulvius, members of the anthocoroides group, by several characters. In the bifenestratus group, the dorsum is shiny and covered with irregularly distributed, simple setae (Figs
Members of the bifenestratus group are most similar to species of the New World bisbistillatus group in sharing characters such as the shiny dorsum, covered with simple setae (Figs
1 | Eyes distinctly removed from pronotal collar (Figs |
2 |
– | Eyes only somewhat removed from pronotal collar (Figs |
4 |
2 | Corium and membrane without pale patches (Fig. |
F. henryi , sp. n. (Australian) |
– | Corium and membrane each with pale patches medially (Figs |
3 |
3 | Antennal segment II uniformly dark brown; apical process of left paramere bifurcated ( |
F. bimaculatus Poppius (Australian) |
– | Antennal segment II with whitish annulation apically; apical process of left paramere not bifurcated (Fig. |
F. bifenestratus Poppius (Oriental) |
4 | Hemelytron with pale patch basally (Figs |
5 |
– | Hemelytron without pale patch basally; pale patch above cuneus narrow (Figs |
7 |
5 | Antennal segment II almost entirely pale yellow, narrowly darkened basally (Figs |
F. flavicornis Poppius (Oriental) |
– | Antennal segment II dark brown with more or less developed annulation apically (Figs |
6 |
6 | Body length not more than 3.5 mm; apical portion of left paramere lacking subapical process ventrally (Fig. |
F. subnitens Poppius (Afrotropical, Australian, Oriental) |
– | Body length more than 3. 5 mm; apical portion of left paramere with distinct subapical process ventrally (Fig. |
F. tumidipennis sp. n. (Oriental) |
7 | Clavus entirely dark brown (Fig. |
F. thailandicus Gorczyca (Oriental) |
– | Clavus with thin, yellow stripe along outer margin (Fig. |
F. constanti Gorczyca (Australian) |
Fulvius
bifenestratus
Poppius, 1909: 30, 35, 44;
Eyes removed from pronotal collar (Figs
Fulvius bifenestratus is most similar to F. bimaculatus in sharing the dark brown to black corium with a large yellow patch near the base and the membrane with a yellow patch basally (Figs
Dorsal habitus photographs of bifenestratus group of species of the genus Fulvius: 1 F. bifenestratus (♂) 2 F. bimaculatus (♀) 3 F. constanti (paratype) 4, 5 F. flavicornis (4 ♂ 5 holotype); 6 F. henryi (paratype, ♀) 7 F. subnitens (♂) 8 F. thailandicus (holotype) 9 F. tumidipennis (paratype, ♂).
Unknown.
Brunei (Temburong), Indonesia (Mentawei Isl., Sulawesi), Malaysia (Borneo: Sabah), Philippines (Mindanao: Misamis Oriental Province), Thailand (Nakhon Ratchasima).
Holotype ♀: INDONESIA: Mentawei, Sipora, Sereinu V-VI, 94 [1894], Modigliani; Museo Civ. Genova; Fulvius bifenestratus n. sp., B. Poppius det. (
7 ♀♀ and 4 ♂♂: MALAYSIA: Sabah, British N. Borneo, Tawau, Quoin Hill, Cocoa Res. Sta., 5. IX. 1962; Y. Hirashima, Light Trap, Bishop; 2 ♀♀: British N. Borneo, Tawau, Quoin Hill, 3–7. VII. 1962; H. Holtmann, Light Trap, Bishop; ♂: Same data, except collected in jungle, H. Holtmann, Light Trap, Bishop; ♂ and ♀: British N. Borneo, Tawau, Quoin Hill, 15–20. VII. 1962; H. Holtmann, Light Trap, Bishop; ♀: British N. Borneo, Tawau, Quoin Hill, 8–14. VII. 1962; H. Holtmann, Light Trap, Bishop; ♀: North Borneo (SE), Forest Camp, 19 km, N. of Kalabakan, 60 m, 18. X. 1962; K. J. Kuncheria Collector, Bishop; ♀: North Borneo (SE), Forest Camp, 19 km, N. of Kalabakan, 60 m, 18. X. 1962; Y. Hirashima Collector, Bishop; ♂: North Borneo (SE), Tawau, Quoin Hill, Cocoa Res. Sta., 13. IX. 1962; Y. Hirashima, Malaise Trap, Bishop; ♂: British N. Borneo, Tawau, Quoin 11;ill, Cocoa Res. Sta., 24. IX. 1962; Y. Hirashima, Light Trap, Bishop; ♂: British N. Borneo, Tawau, Quoin Hill, Cocoa Res. Sta., 4. IX. 1962; Y. Hirashima, Light Trap, Bishop; ♂: British N. Borneo, Tawau, Quoin Hill, Cocoa Res. Sta., 3. IX. 1962; Y. Hirashima, Light Trap, Bishop; ♀: P. I., Misamis OR., Mt. Balatukan, 10 km SW of Gingoog, 1000–2000m, 1–5. V. 1960; H. Torrevillas Collector. (3 ♂♂ and 4 ♀♀ in
Fulvius
bimaculatus
Poppius, 1909: 30, 36, 44;
Eyes removed from pronotal collar (Figure
Fulvius bimaculatus is most similar to F. bifenestratus (see diagnosis of F. bifenestratus), but it can be distinguished by the body size, the coloration of antennal segment II, and the male genitalia. With F. bifenestratus and F. henryi it also shares the similar head shape, corial coloration and vestiture, and a short and broadened left paramere apical process, but it can be distinguished by the overall structure of the male genitalia.
Unknown.
Papua New Guinea.
Lectotype (♂, designated by
2 ♀♀ and ♂: PAPUA NEW GUINEA: Kokoda, 1200ft., ix 1933, L. E. Cheesman, B. M. 1934-321; ♀: Papua: Kokoda, 1200ft., viii-ix 1933, L. E. Cheesman, B. M. 1933-427; ♂: Papua: Kokoda, 1200 ft., viii 1933, L. E. Cheesman, B. M. 1933-427; ♀: Sten. No. 137; New Guinea: Morbe Dist., Herzog Mts., Vagau, C. 4 000 ft., 4–17. I. 1965; M. E. Bachus, B. M. 1965-120; ♂ and 2 ♀♀: W. New Guinea: Mt. Nomo. S. of Mt. Bougainville, 700 ft., ii. 1936; ♀: N. Dutch New Guinea: Waigeu. Camp 1., Mt. Nok., 2,500 ft., v. 1938, L. E. Cheesman., B. M. 1938-593; ♂: Fluorescent Mv Trap; Papua New Guinea: Morobe Prov. coast, Buso, 30. ix 1979, J. H. Martin coll.; Brit. Mus., 1980-150; ♀ and ♂: Dutch New Guinea: Humboldt Bay Dist., Bewani Mts., 400 metres, vii. 1937; W Stüber, B. M, 1938-177; 2 ♀♀: Dutch New Guinea: Cyclops Mts. Sabron. Camp: 2, 000 ft., vi. 1936, L. E. Cheesman, B. M. 1936-271; ♀: Dutch New Guinea, Mt. Cyclops, 4,000 ft. 12. iii. 1936, L. E. Cheesman, B. M., 1936-271; ♀: Dutch New Guinea, Cyclops Mts., Sabron, Camp I: 1,200 ft. 22. v. 1936, L. E. Cheesman, B. M., 1936-271; ♂: Dutch New Guinea, Cyclops Mts., Sabron, Camp I: 1,200 ft. 15. v. 1936, L. E. Cheesman, B. M., 1936-271; Dutch New Guinea, Cyclops Mts., Sabron, Camp 2: 2,000 ft.. v. 1936, L. E. Cheesman, B. M., 1936-271; ♀: Dutch New Guinea, Mt. Cyclops, Camp I: 3,500 ft. iii. 1936, L. E. Cheesman, B. M., 1936-271 (5 specimens in
Fulvius
constanti
Gorczyca, 2004: 154, figs 1–3;
Fulvius
nigricornis
:
Eyes contiguous with pronotal collar (Figure
Fulvius constanti is most similar to F. flavicornis, F. subnitens, F. thailandicus, and F. tumidipennis in having the eyes contiguous with the pronotal collar; the corium covered with dense setae, a pale patch over the cuneus; and the left paramere with an elongate apical process. It can be distinguished, however, by the absence of pale patches basally on the corium; the clavus with a thin, yellow stripe along its outer margin; and the shape of the male genitalia.
Unknown.
Papua New Guinea.
Holotype ♂: Coll. I. R. Sc. N. B., Canopy Mission Papua New Guinea (Madang prov.): Batiteta, 08. VI. 1993, Light trap M1. Leg. Olivier Missa (
Fulvius
flavicornis
Poppius, 1909: 30, 34, 44;
Eyes contiguous with pronotal collar (Figs
Fulvius flavicornis is most similar to F. subnitens and F. tumidipennis in sharing a yellow patch on the base and apex of the corium and apex of clavus, and the left paramere apical process elongate. Fulvius flavicornis can be distinguished by the coloration of antennal segment II and by the male genitalia.
Female. Coloration (Figs
Male. Similar to ♀ in coloration, texture, and vestiture. Thorax. Legs. Tibiae, femora and tarsi dark brown with dirty yellowish areas. Male genitalia (Figs
♀/♂ (holotype measurements first). Body. Length 4.4/3.7, width 1.5/1.1. Head. Length of head 0.6/0.5, width 0.5/0.5, interocular distance 0.24. Antenna. Length of segment I 0.5/0.5, II 1.2/0.9, III 0.6 (♂, missing in ♀), IV 0.7 (♂, missing in ♀). Labium (♀, immeasurable in ♂). Length of segment I 0.7, II 0.9, III 1.1, IV 0.5. Pronotum. Length of pronotum 0.6/0.5, length of anterior margin 0.5/0.5, lateral margins 0.7/0.6, posterior margin 1.3/1.3.
Unknown.
Indonesia (Sumatra: Sirambas).
Holotype ♀: INDONESIA: SUMATRA, SI-RAMBÉ, XII.90 – III.91, E. MODIGLIANI; Museo Civ. Genova; Fulvius flavicornis n. sp.; HOLOTYPUS, Fulvius flavicornis B. Poppius, 1909 (
♂: MALAYSIA: W. Perak, 40 km SE of IPOH, 900 m, Banjaran Titi Wangsa, RINGLET, 29.iii.15.iv 2004, Čechowsky Petr lgt. (
Fulvius
unicolor
:
Eyes removed from pronotal collar (Figure
Fulvius henryi is most similar to F. bifenestratus and F. bimaculatus in having the corium with short and sparse setae, lacking a pale patch over the cuneus, and in having the apical process of the left paramere short and broadened (Figs
Female. Coloration (Figure
Male. Similar to female in structure, texture, and vestiture. Male genitalia (Figs
♀/♂ (* holotype measurements). Body length 4.2–4.50*/3.8, width 1.4–1.5*/1.2. Head. Length 0.6–0.7*/0.4, width 0.6/0.5, interocular distance 0.2/0.2. Antenna. Length of segment I 0.6/0.6, II 1.07/1.0, III 0.7. Labium. Length of segments I 0.6, II 0.7, III and IV together 1.4. Pronotum. Length 0.5/0.5, width of anterior margin 0.6, length of lateral margin 0.7–0.70*, width of posterior margin 1.2–1.2*/1.0.
Papua New Guinea, including New Britain and New Ireland.
It gives us great pleasure to dedicate this new species to Dr. Thomas J. Henry on the occasion of his 70th birthday and for his many outstanding contributions to the study of Heteroptera.
Holotype (♀): PAPUA NEW GUINEA: New Britain, Gazelle Pen., Mt. Sinewit, 5–9. XI. 1962; J. Sedlacek, Malaise Trap, Bishop (
Male genitalia of F. bifenestratus (14–16), F. henryi (17–19), F. flavicornis (20, 21), F. subnitens (22–24), and F. tumidipennis (25, 26) 14, 17, 22 right paramere (dorsal view) (15, 18, 20, 23, 25) Left paramere (left lateral view) (16, 19, 21, 24, 26). Endosoma (left lateral view).
Fulvius
subnitens
Fulvius
sauteri
Poppius (synonymized by
Fulvius
nakatai
Yasunaga & Miyamoto (synonymized by
Eyes contiguous with pronotal collar (Figs
Fulvius subnitens is most similar to F. flavicornis and F. tumidipennis in having the corium with a pale patch basally (Figs
Unknown. Adults have been collected at light traps and from rotten logs.
Brunei (Temburong), Fiji, Indonesia (S. Sulawesi: Bogani Nani Wartabone National Park; Bali: Ubud), Japan (Okinawa Island), E. & W. Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Seychelles (Mahe I), Solomon Islands, Taiwan, Thailand (Nakhon Ratchasima), Tanzania, USA (Virginia) (
Lectotype ♂ (designated by
♀ and ♂: MALAYSIA: Sarawak, Skrang River, 30 km upstream, 15 VII 92, Heiss; ♂: MALAYSIA, Pengang on Hevea sp. XI 84, Heiss; 8 ♀♀ and ♂: 125W. v. light; BRUNEI: Temburong District, ridge NE of Kuala Belalong, approx. 300 m alt., October 1992, J H Martin coll., B M 1992 – 172; 2 ♂♂: MALAYSIA: Kedah, Pulau Langkawi NW, Datai Rainforest, 2–10 XI 2002, E.Heiss; Sammlung-Collection Ernst Heiss Innsbruck-Austria; sp. 3; ♀: INDONESIA, Central BALI, Ubud, Maya Hotel LF, 4 XI 2005, E. HEISS; Sammlung-Collection Ernst Heiss Innsbruck-Austria (TLI); ♂: 26 XII 1994, Malays, Pahang Rov. Kulala Lipis; Dr. Wolfgang G. Ullrich collection (
Fulvius
thailandicus
Gorczyca in
Eyes contiguous with pronotal collar (Figure
Fulvius thailandicus is most similar to F. constanti, F. flavicornis, F. subnitens, and F. tumidipennis in having the eyes contiguous with the pronotal collar (Figs
Unknown.
Thailand (Chiang Mai Province).
Holotype ♂: THAILAND, Doi Suthep – DoiPui natn. Park, Doi Pui road, 1000 m, 23–26. x. 1979, Zool. Mus. Copenhagen Exped.; paratype ♂: the same data as holotype (
Eyes contiguous with pronotal collar (Figure
Fulvius tumidipennis is most similar to F. flavicornis and F. subnitens in having a yellow patch basally and apically on the corium (Figs
Male. Coloration (Figure
Female. Similar to male in coloration, structure, texture, and vestiture.
♀/♂: body length 4.7–4.9/4.1–5.0, width 1.5–2.0/1.3–2.0. Head. Length 0.8–0.9/0.9, width 0.6–0.6/0.6, diameter of eye in dorsal view 0.2–0.2/0.2. Antenna. Length of segment I 0.6–0.6/0.74, II 1.2–1.3/1.4, III 0.9/0.8, IV (♀): 1.2. Labium. Length of segment I 0.8–0.9/0.8, II 1.12/1.0, III 1.1/1.2, IV 0.6/0.5. Pronotum. Length 0.6–0.7/0.56–0.6, width of anterior margin 0.5–0.5/0.3–0.5, length of lateral margin 0.8–0.8/0.7, width of posterior margin 1.2-1.2/1.1-1.2.
The specific name is taken from the Latin tumidus (thickened) and is used to denote the distinctly thickened endosoma.
Unknown.
Philippines (Mindanao).
Holotype ♀: P.I., PHILIPPINES: Mindanao, Davao, Genitalan, 8km NW OF Mt. Apo, 690m, 17.VIII.1958; jungle clearing; light trap, H.E. Milliron; paratypes: 2 ♀♀: P.I., MINDANAO, Agusan, Los Arcos, 19–23-XI-1959; Light Trap, L. Quate & C. Yoshimoto; ♂: P.I., MINDANAO, Mis. Or., Mt. Pomalihi, 21 km W. Gingoog City, 800–1000m, 11.x.1965; H.M. Torrevillas Collector BISHOP MUSEUM; ♀: P. I. Mindanao Z. DEL SUR, 11 km NW of Milbuk, 390m, 5.VIII.1958; Logging areas in jungle; H.E. Milliron Collector (
Scanning electron micrographs of anthocoroides group of species of the genus Fulvius: F. anthocoroides Stål (41, 45–47), F. pallens Gorczyca (42–44), F. urrlichi Sadowska-Woda & Gorczyca: (41). Head and pronotum (left lateral view) 42 Head, pronotum, and hemelytron (dorsal view) 43 Head and pronotum (dorsal view) 44 Vestiture of hemelytron 45 Metatarsus 46 Pretarsal claw 47, 48 Male pygophore.
We thank the following individuals for kindly offering us material used in this study: Mick Webb (