Research Article |
Corresponding author: Terry L Erwin ( erwint@si.edu ) Academic editor: Lyubomir Penev
© 2017 Terry L Erwin, Shasta C. Henry.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Erwin TL, Henry SC (2017) Hyboptera Chaudoir 1872 of the Cryptobatida group of subtribe Agrina: A taxonomic revision with notes on their ways of life (Insecta: Coleoptera, Carabidae, Lebiini). ZooKeys 714: 61-127. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.714.15113
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Hyboptera Chaudoir, 1872 of the Cryptobatida group of subtribe Agrina, Lebiini, living in the Neotropics and southernmost Nearctic realms are diagnosed, described, and illustrated, and new species are assigned to two inclusive species groups. Occurrences of species range from Texas, USA, to the state of Santa Caterina in Brazil. Seven new species of Hyboptera are described:
Hyboptera biolat Erwin & Henry, sp. n.; Type locality – Perú, Madre de Dios, Manu Reserved Zone, Río Manu, BIOLAT Biological Station, Pakitza; Hyboptera vestiverdis Henry & Erwin, sp. n.; Type locality – Perú, Madre de Dios, Manu Reserved Zone, Río Manu, BIOLAT Biological Station, Pakitza; Hyboptera lucida Henry & Erwin, sp. n.; Type locality – French Guiana, Cayenne, Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux; Hyboptera scheelea Erwin & Henry, sp. n.; Type locality – Perú, Loreto, Pacaya-Samiria National Reserve, Río Samiria (South Branch), Camp Terry; Hyboptera shasta Erwin, sp. n.; Type locality – Brazil, Amazonas, north of Manaus on Amazonas 010 at Km 26, Reserva Ducke;
Hyboptera tepui Erwin & Henry, sp. n.; Type locality – Venezuela, Amazonas, Cerro de la Neblina, Río Baria Basecamp; Hyboptera tiputini Erwin & Henry, sp. n.; Type locality – Ecuador, Orellana, Yasuni National Park (edge), 95.43 km E (heading 101.46°) Coca, Tiputini Biodiversity Station. A revised identification key is provided to the genera of the Cryptobatida group and another to the species of HybopteraChaudoir and distributional data are provided for all known species of the latter. Adults of these species often occur in the canopy of many tropical tree species and records are reported where known. In addition, adults are found under the webbing of Psocoptera and in fleshy anther rings of Bombacaceae (Pseudobombax septenatum (Jacq.) Dugand), on the rain forest floor in the dry season. Larval and pupal stages of one species from Panamá are known from under bark of living fence posts; however, these immature stages are not treated in the current paper.
Hyboptera Chaudoir, 1872, del grupo Cryptobatida, perteneciente a la subtribu Agriina, Lebiini, viviendo en los Neotrópicos y en las áreas meridionales del Neártico se diagnostican, describen e ilustran y nuevas especies se asignan a dos grupo-especies inclusivos. La distribución de las especies recorre desde Texas, EE.UU., hasta el estado de Santa Caterina en Brasil. Siete nuevas especies de Hyboptera se describen:
Hyboptera biolat Erwin & Henry, sp. n.; Type locality – Perú, Madre de Dios, Manu Reserved Zone, Río Manu, BIOLAT Biological Station, Pakitza; Hyboptera vestiverdis Henry & Erwin, sp. n.; Type locality – Perú, Madre de Dios, Manu Reserved Zone, Río Manu, BIOLAT Biological Station, Pakitza; Hyboptera lucida Henry & Erwin, sp. n.; Type locality – French Guiana, Cayenne, Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux; Hyboptera scheelea Erwin & Henry, sp. n.; Type locality – Perú, Loreto, Pacaya-Samiria National Reserve, Río Samiria (South Branch), Camp Terry; Hyboptera shasta Erwin, sp. n.; Type locality – Brazil, Amazonas, north of Manaus on Amazonas 010 at Km 26, Reserva Ducke;
Hyboptera tepui Erwin & Henry, sp. n.; Type locality – Venezuela, Amazonas, Cerro de la Neblina, Río Baria Basecamp; Hyboptera tiputini Erwin & Henry, sp. n.; Type locality – Ecuador, Orellana, Yasuni National Park (edge), 95.43 km E (heading 101.46°) Coca, Tiputini Biodiversity Station. Se provee una clave revisada para los géneros dentro del grupo Cryptobatida y otra para las especies del género Hyboptera Chaudoir y se incluye información sobre la distribución de todas las especies conocidas de éste último. Los adultos de estos comúnmente se encuentran en el dosel de muchas especies de árboles tropicales y registros se reportan cuando se conocen. Además, los adultos pueden estar debajo de las telas de sócidos y en los anteridios carnosos de los Bombacaceae (Pseudobombax septenatum (Jacq.) Dugand) en el suelo del bosque lluvioso. Las etapas de larva y pupa de una de las especies de Panamá se conocen viviendo debajo de la corteza de postes vivos de cercas; sin embargo, estos so se tratan en este artículo.
Neotropics, Nearctic, Texas, Embioptera , Psocoptera , rain forest, Hyboptera Chaudoir, Thoasia Liebke, Straneotia Mateu
Neotrópicos, Neártico, Texas, Embioptera , Psocoptera , bosque lluvioso, Hyboptera Chaudoir, Thoasia Liebke, Straneotia Mateu
The Cryptobatida Group of Lebiini was proposed to include a number of genera including Hyboptera Chaudoir (
(modified from
As noted in several past contributions, methods and species concepts follow those previously described (
Attributes of the abdominal ventral sterna are referred to using the numbering system generally accepted in carabid studies, i.e., the sternum divided medially by the hind coxae is sternum II (the first being hidden) and the last visible is sternum VII (
A similar problem exists for the proximal end of the median lobe of the male genitalia. In
This study includes 738 adult specimens of Hyboptera, all currently at the National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC (
AMNH American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA (Lee Herman)
BMNH Natural History Museum, London, UK (Beulah Garner)
HESP Henry Hespenheide Private Collection, Los Angeles, CA, USA (Henry Hespenheide)
IAvH Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos, Alexander von Humboldt, Bogotá, Colombia (Arturo González)
INBIO Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, Santo Domingo, Costa Rica (Angel Solis)
MNHP Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, France (Thierry Deuve)
NBCL Naturalis Bidiversity Center, Lieden, Netherlands (Luc Willemse)
SEMC Snow Entomological Museum, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA (Zachary Falin)
UNMSM Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú (Gerardo Lamas)
Primary type specimens of new species will be deposited in their countries of origin if required by legal agreements, or museums of ownership at the conclusion of our studies on this tribe.
The enhanced habitus images of the adult beetles portray most of the character states referred to in the key provided. Illustrations of male genitalia are standard for descriptive taxonomy of carabid beetles in both preparation and aspects presented, as is the presentation of the female genitalia (one example per genus, in this case H. lucida sp. n.). The habitus images of the adults were made with a Visionary DigitalTM high resolution imaging system rendered using Photoshop to become “Digital Photo-illustrations.” Figure captions include an ADP number, which is a unique identification number for the specimen that was imaged and links the specimen and associated illustrations and/or images to additional information, such as collecting notes, in electronic databases at the
Geographical data are presented for species based on all known specimens available at the time of manuscript preparation, including those in the literature. Geo-referenced data have been determined from locality information provided on specimen labels; only those exact geo-references reported in decimal degrees that are provided on the label are placed in quotes. Otherwise, we have estimated others as closely as possible from places, mileage, or other locality data listed on the label and searched with Google Earth Pro. Latitude and longitude for those are reported in decimal degrees and have been corrected from those reported on the labels, if necessary; our bottom line is that georeferenced locality data reported herein are far more accurate than those provided on specimens labels.
A distribution map is provided for the species of Hyboptera (Fig.
Host occurrences of rainforest trees are reported using the names provided by botanists who inventoried two fogging transects established by the senior author (TLE) in Ecuador. These names have not been elaborated with author names herein, as is traditional in botanical literature, however, they can be readily found on the internet.
Adults. Head ventrally without suborbital setigerous punctures, neck not markedly narrowed, except somewhat in Thoasia. Mandible widened near base, scrobe wide, lateral margin markedly rounded; dentition of occlusal margins reduced, typical for Lebiini (cf.
Subtribe Agrina consists of those species formerly included in the Subtribe Calleidina (cf.
Below, we have added to the Cryptobatida Group the genus Straneotia
(Enhanced from
1 | Elytron at basal third depressed, surface uneven, tuberculate or not, and/or margin of pronotum angulate or sub-angulate at mid-lateral setiferous pore, or tubular | Cryptobatida Group...2 |
1’ | Elytron neither depressed nor tuberculate, surface smooth with normal interneurs and intervals (or interneurs effaced); side of pronotum evenly rounded | Plochionida Group, Calleidida Group, Agrida Group |
2(1) | Elytron markedly tuberculate overall, or with a series of small setiferous tubercles on intervals 3 and 5, lateral marginal intervals without callus | 3 |
2’ | Elytron without trace of discal tubercles; lateral marginal intervals with or without callus | 6 |
3(2) | Prothorax somewhat tubular, much narrower than head | Otoglossa Chaudoir, 1872 |
3’ | Prothorax wider than head | 4 |
4(3’) | Sides of pronotum narrowly reflexed except at mid-lateral seta, there wide; neck well-defined, narrow; elytra metallic blue, fore-body all or mostly rufous | Thoasia Liebke, 1939 |
4’ | Sides of pronotum broad and margins broadly reflexed throughout; neck broad; color otherwise | 5 |
5(4’) | Elytron with numerous tubercles on at least three intervals; head dorsum transversely rugose; side margins of pronotum subtly angulate or not; labrum large, broadly bilobed; tarsomere 4 bilobed | Hyboptera Chaudoir, 1872 |
5’ | Elytron not tuberculate; head dorsum longitudinally strigose (wrinkled); side margins of pronotum markedly angulate; labrum normal, rectangulate, slightly emarginate or truncate apically; tarsomere 4 not bilobed | Hybopteroides Erwin & Ball, 2012 |
6(2’) | Antennomere 4 glabrous except for apical ring setae | 7 |
6’ | Antennomere 4 multisetiferous from basal third to apex, in addition to apical ring setae | 8 |
7(6) | Elytron laterally with callus at apical third; male endophallus without flagellum | Valeriaaschero Erwin, 2004 |
7’ | Elytron laterally without callus at apical third; male endophallus with or without flagellum | Aspasiola Chaudoir, 1877 |
8 (6’) | Head markedly narrow, elongate, and tubular; eyes more or less flat | Straneotia Mateu, 1961 |
8’ | Head normal with large hemispheric eyes | 9 |
9(8’) | Head and pronotum densely and evenly punctate | Cylindronotum Putzeys, 1845 |
9’ | Head and pronotum smooth | 10 |
10 (9’) | Pronotum with lateral margin narrowly reflexed from base to apex | Pseudotoglossa Mateu, 1961 |
10’ | Pronotum with lateral margin moderately or markedly reflexed from base to apex | 11 |
11(10’) | Elytron laterally at apical third with large callus | Cryptobatis Eschscholtz, 1829 |
11’ | Elytron laterally at apical third without callus | Onota Chaudoir, 1872 |
Hyboptera
Chaudoir, 1872: 161. Type species: Hyboptera angulicollis Chaudoir, 1872: 164, designated by
Aspasia
Reiche, 1842: 310 (not
(cf. Figs
The wings are fully developed in adults of all known species, thus it is likely these beetles are moderate to strong flyers.
A widespread southern Nearctic and Neotropical genus known from Texas, USA, south to southeastern Brazil, in the west to Bolivia, and east to French Guiana.
Much is known about the species in this genus and that is reported here for the first time. Adults of various species are regularly collected in both the wet and dry seasons using insecticidal fogging techniques in many species of trees reaching the forest canopy in the Amazon Basin, thus they are certainly mainly arboreal. They are good flyers as evidenced by their capture in Malaise traps, C.D.C. mosquito traps, FITs, and at different types of light traps. At Barro Colorado Island in Panamá, one of us (TLE) collected adults from the forest floor amongst the large shed anther rings of trees of the species Pseudobombax septenatum (Jacq.) Dugand; these rings being a moisture source on the forest floor during the dry season (
Five species have been previously described in this genus, along with three species in its adelphotaxon, Hybopteroides Erwin & Ball, 2012. Apparently,
The species list below, as well as the arrangement of descriptions that follows, is ordered alphabetically within two species groups.
Hyboptera angulicollis Chaudoir, 1872:164; Brazil – Pará; Colombia; Ecuador; French Guiana; Perú; Suriname.
Hyboptera biolat Erwin & Henry, sp. n.; Perú.
Hyboptera vestiverdis Henry & Erwin, sp. n.; Ecuador; Perú.
Hyboptera scheelea Erwin & Henry, sp. n.; Perú.
Hyboptera shasta Erwin, sp. n.; Brazil – Amazonas.
Hyboptera tepui Erwin & Henry, sp. n.; Venezuela.
Hyboptera tiputini Erwin & Henry, sp. n.; Colombia; Ecuador; Perú.
Hyboptera viridivittis Chaudoir, 1872:164; Brazil – Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina.
Hyboptera apollonia Erwin, 2004: 33; Costa Rica; Panamá.
Hyboptera auxilidora Erwin, 2004: 35; Costa Rica; Honduras; México – VC; Panamá, USA – TX.
Hyboptera dilutior Oberthür, 1884: 52; Brazil – Amazonas, Pará, Rondônia; Ecuador; French Guiana; Perú; Venezuela.
Hyboptera lucida Henry & Erwin, sp. n.; Ecuador; French Guiana.
Hyboptera tuberculata (Dejean), 1825: 272; Bolivia; Brazil – Amazonas, Sergipe; Colombia; Ecuador; Guyana; French Guiana; Perú; Suriname.
Hyboptera verrucosa (Reiche), 1842: 311; Brazil – Amazonas; Colombia; Ecuador; French Guiana; Panamá; Perú; Suriname; Trinidad and Tobago; Venezuela.
1 | Adults with only dark non-metallic markings on the pronotal disc | 2 |
1’ | Adults with patches of bright metallic green para-medially on pronotum | 7 |
1’’ | Adults without or with only slightly darker, non-metallic pronotal marking | 11 |
2(1) | Pronotum with discal rugae etched horizontally and linear (Fig. |
H. apollonia Erwin |
2’ | Pronotum with discal rugae etched at an angle aimed medio-posteriorly, or somewhat chaotically without clear order | 3 |
3(2’) | Elytra black with 4 small medio-apical tubercles pale (Fig. |
H. lucida Henry & Erwin, sp. n. |
3’ | Elytra mostly testaceous or pale brownish with darkly marked tubercles; small medio-apical tubercles pale or not | 4 |
4(3’) | Elytron with sutural margin at apical sixth black markedly contrasting with testaceous background color (Fig. |
H. dilutior Oberthür |
4 | Elytron with sutural margin at apical sixth pale, not black, if brownish not contrasting with background color | 5 |
5(4’) | Elytron just posterior to scutellum with only the suture pale in color otherwise markedly infuscate (Fig. |
H. tuberculata (Dejean) |
5’ | Elytron just posterior to scutellum with a V-shaped pale area encompassing the suture and the first interval | 6 |
6(5’) | Elytron narrow, almost parallel sided. Distribution from Panamá south into the Amazon Basin and across to French Guiana and Trinidad & Tobago (Fig. |
H. verrucosa (Reiche) |
6’ | Elytron broad with markedly arcuate lateral margin. Distribution from Panamá north to southernmost Texas (Fig. |
H. auxilidora Erwin |
7(1’) | Elytra entirely metallic bronzy-green | 8 |
7’ | Elytra dark matte black or dark and markedly shiny, some individuals with hint of metallic green spots near basal margin | 9 |
8(7) | Venter with meso- and metathorax mostly infuscated (Fig. |
H. biolat Erwin & Henry, sp. n. |
8’ | Venter entirely rufotestaceous (Fig. |
H. angulicollis Chaudoir |
9(7’) | Elytra dark matte black (Fig. |
H. viridivittis Chaudoir |
9’ | Elytra markedly shiny | 10 |
10(9’) | Elytron violaceous, broad; meso- and metathorax pale not contrasting with pale abdomen (Fig. |
H. tiputini Erwin & Henry, sp. n. |
10’ | Elytron dark olivaceous, narrow; meso- and metathorax infuscated, markedly contrasting with pale abdomen (Fig. |
H. vestiverdis Henry & Erwin, sp. n. |
11(1’’) | Elytron with lateral margin broadly testaceous from humerus to sutural apex; apical abdominal tergite testaceous with slight infuscation at extreme posterior-lateral corners (Fig. |
H. tepui Erwin & Henry, sp. n. |
11’. | Elytron with lateral margin narrowly testaceous to latero-apical corner, not reaching sutural apex; apical abdominal tergite mostly infuscated with narrow median testaceous stripe | 12 |
12(11’) | Elytra brilliant metallic green throughout, size larger (Fig. |
H. shasta Erwin, sp. n. |
12’. | Elytra blackish-blue with metallic green highlights across the humeri and green points at some larger tubercles (Fig. |
H. scheelea Erwin & Henry, sp. n. |
(recognized by
The most distinctive attribute of species in this group is that the pronotum has marked discal rugae etched almost horizontally and linear, as opposed to angulate. Adults of all have metallic green coloration somewhere on the dorsal surface and the general adult size is small to medium for the genus. Male phallus apex elongate, somewhat acuminate.
Hyboptera angulicollis Chaudoir, 1872: 164.
Sex unknown. Brazil, Amazonas, Ega (Tefé), (HW Bates)(MNHP). Not seen by us; however, we have seen a “homotype” labelled by George E. Ball who studied the holotype in Paris.
The epithet, angulicollis, is a Latinized singular feminine adjective meaning “angled neck” referring to the angulate lateral sides of the pronotum.
Angled-neck humps-backed beetle.
With the attributes of the genus and angulicollis species group as described above and adults with patches of bright metallic green para-medially on pronotum, elytra entirely with metallic green reflection, and venter entirely rufotestaceous.
(Figs
Color: See diagnosis, above.
Luster: Metallic highlights, partially iridescent.
Microsculpture: Mostly isodiametric or slightly stretched, well-impressed, cells somewhat more stretched around elytral tubercles.
Head: Rugae moderately coarse, mostly transverse. Eye very large, sub-hemispheric, and evenly rounded anteriorly, subtly more prolonged posteriorly. Antenna short, barely reaching humerus. Labrum rectangulate, shallowly bilobed, anterior margin slightly emarginate. Neck finely transversely rugose.
Prothorax: Pronotum moderately broad, disc centrally planar with dense transverse rugae. Lateral margins broadly explanate and obtusely angled medially then subtly arcuate to broadly obtuse hind angle, base medially produced and rounded posteriorly.
Pterothorax: Normal for Agrina, fully winged. Elytron intervals 3 with 6, and 5 with 5 (4) discal unisetiferous tubercles, other intervals moderately convex, side margin moderately explanate laterally only at middle third. Elytron broad and moderately short, moderately narrower than the pronotum at the broadest part, apex truncate, slightly rounded with distal corner broadly and obtusely rounded, disc not significantly convex, basal third slightly depressed. All interneurs well-impressed.
Legs: Femur dorso-ventrally moderately depressed, tibia coequal in length, more depressed; tarsus less than half the length of the tibia, fourth tarsomere markedly bilobed and with tarsal pad of setae.
Abdomen: Sparsely setiferous; normal ambulatory setae on sterna 3–5; female with two pairs of ambulatory setae on sternum 6, medial pair of setae less than the length of lateral pair; males with only the lateral pair of longer setae on sternum 6.
Male genitalia: Phallus (Fig.
Female genitalia: Not investigated, likely similar to that of H. lucida (Fig.
Variation: In the large series of specimens of this species available to us for this study from many localities, we noted that the pronotal explanate margins vary considerably in width, the more narrow they are the more prominent the midpoint angle, the broader the explanation the more obtuse the midpoint angle.
These beetles are macropterous and capable of flight. They are moderately swift and agile runners. Specimens have been acquired using most modern collecting methods, including insecticidal foggings, UV light sheets and traps, Malaise traps, SLAM Malaise traps, and flight intercept traps (FITs).
Adults are common in the lowlands (8 to 700 m a.s.l.) and appear to be generalists in a variety of rainforest biotopes including terra firme, várzea, igapó, second growth, subtropical moist and white sand forests. In these forests, they are commonly found in big trees with vines and epiphytes, in suspended dry leaves, under lianas close to the trunk, in dry Scheelea sp. and Astrocaryum chambira Burret palm fronds, in very large suspended dry Cecropia leaves, and in dry bamboo leaves of the genera Guadua [G. weberbaueri Pilg.] and Elytrostachys [sp.] Individuals can be found in all months of the year, in both the rainy and dry seasons. Member of this species have been recorded from the canopy of the following tree species using insecticidal fogging techniques: Allophyllus sp.; Pourouma bicolor ssp. bicolor cf., Pourouma cecropiifolia aff., Pourouma mollis ssp. triloba cf.; Virola obovata, Virola decorticans cf.; Brosimum utile ssp. ovatifolium cf., Aspidosperma darienense cf.; Crepidospermum rhoifolium; Castilla ulei cf.; Pseudolmedia laevis, Pseudolmedia macrophylla cf.; Hymenaea oblongifolia; Matisia malacocalyx cf.; Oenocarpus bataua; Siparuna decipiens; Trattinnickia rhoifolia var. lancifolia cf.; Cecropia herthae, Cecropia ficifolia; Pentagonia spathicalyx cf.; Pouteria reticulata ssp. reticulata cf., Pouteria cuspidata ssp. robusta cf., Pouteria baehniana cf., Pouteria rostrata aff. añangu; Gustavia longifolia; Leonia glycicarpa; Protium sagotianumcf., Protium nodulosum cf.; Sloanea cordia; Iriartea deltoidea; Browneopsis ucayalina; Eschweilera coriacea cf., Eschweilera juruensis cf.; Batocarpus orinocensis cf.; Pachira aquatica cf.; Sarcaulus brasiliensis aff. burnt; Blakea sp. 1; Parkia multijuga cf.; Swartzia león; Rhodostemonodaphne kunthiana cf.; Nectandra sp. 1, Nectandra crassiloba cf.; Inga olivaceae, Inga capitata, Inga bourgonii cf., Inga cuadra; Rinorea viridifolia; Talisia bitter; Coussapoa orthoneura cf., Coussapoa herthae; Aspidosperma darienense cf.; Vismia weedy; Astrocaryum chambira; Tabebuia moby; Wittmackanthus stanleyanus cf.; Alchornea triplinervia cf.; Maquira calophylla; Trichilia elsae cf., Trichilia solitudinis; Trichilia solitudinis; Simira cordifolia/rubescens cf.; Catatola costaricana aff.; Brownea grandiceps cf.; Pausandra trianae; Micropholis venulosa cf.; Sagotia racemosa; Diospyros sericea; Guarea silvatica; Sorocea pubivena ssp. oligotricha cf.; Grias neuberthii; Simaba guianensis cf.; Tapura peruviana cf.; Neea dive-tuberculate; Semaphyllanthe megistocaula cf., Semaphyllanthe garcinia macrophylla cf.; Guatteria sp. 3, sect.; Meiocarpus, long petiole.
Other specimens examined. Brazil, Pará, Belém, Mocambo, 1.555°S, 48.429°W, 25m, 10 January 1978 (
(Fig.
Male. Perú, Madre de Dios, Manu Reserved Zone, Río Manu, BIOLAT Biological Station, Pakitza, 11.9446°S, 71.2831°W, 356m, 20 September 1991 (TL Erwin)(
The specific epithet, biolat, is used as a noun in apposition based on the acronym of the Smithsonian Institution’s past Program “Biodiversity in Latin America” (BIOLAT) which sought to field-train young Latin American biology students in biodiversity techniques and did so for over 200 of them between 1987 and 1991 in Perú and Bolivia. These beetles were collected under the auspices of the BIOLAT Program.
Biolat humps-backed beetle.
With the attributes of the genus and angulicollis species group as described above and adults with patches of bright metallic green para-medially on pronotum, elytra entirely with metallic green patches, and venter with meso- and metathorax mostly infuscated.
(Fig.
Color: See diagnosis, above.
Luster: Metallic highlights, partially iridescent.
Microsculpture: Mostly isodiametric or slightly stretched, shallowly impressed, cells somewhat more stretched around elytral tubercles.
Head: Rugae moderately coarse, mostly transverse. Eye very large, sub-hemispheric, evenly rounded anteriorly, subtly more prolonged posteriorly. Antenna short, barely reaching humerus. Labrum rectangulate, shallowly bilobed, anterior margin slightly emarginate. Neck finely and transversely rugose.
Prothorax: Pronotum moderately broad, disc centrally planar with dense transverse rugae. Lateral margins moderately explanate and obtusely angulate medially then straight to narrowly obtuse hind angle, base medially produced and rounded posteriorly.
Pterothorax: Normal for Agrina, fully winged. Elytron interval 3 with 7(8), and interval 5 with 5 (4) discal unisetiferous tubercles, other intervals moderately convex, side margin moderately explanate laterally only at middle third. Elytron broad and moderately short, moderately narrower than the pronotum at the broadest part, apex truncate, slightly rounded with distal corner broadly and obtusely rounded, disc not significantly convex, basal third slightly depressed. All interneurs well-impressed.
Legs: Femur dorso-ventrally moderately depressed, tibia coequal in length, more depressed; tarsus less than half the length of the tibia, fourth tarsomere markedly bilobed and with tarsal pad of setae.
Abdomen: Sparsely setiferous; normal ambulatory setae on sterna 3–5; female with two pairs of ambulatory setae on sternum 6, medial pair of setae less than the length of lateral pair; males with only the outer pair of longer setae on sternum 6.
Male genitalia: Phallus (Fig.
Female genitalia: Not investigated, likely similar to that of H. lucida (Fig.
These beetles are macropterous and probably capable of flight. They are moderately swift and agile runners. Specimens have been acquired using insecticidal fogging methods.
Adults are common in the lowlands (356 m.a.s.l.) and appear to be generalists in a variety of rainforest biotopes including terra firme and upper floodplain forests. In these forests, they are commonly found in suspended dry leaves in Guadua weberbaueri Pilg. bamboo patches and among Astrocaryum chambira Burret palm dry leaf-skirts. Adults have been obtained in September–October; hence, they are active in the late dry and early rainy seasons.
Perú, Madre de Dios, Manu Reserved Zone, Río Manu, BIOLAT Biological Station, Pakitza, 11.9446°S, 71.2831°W, 356m, 4 October 1989 (TL Erwin)(
(Fig.
The holotype will be deposited in UNMSM and is currently held in trust until the completion of studies at
Male. Perú, Madre de Dios, Manu Reserved Zone, Río Manu, BIOLAT Biological Station, Pakitza, 11.9446°S, 71.2831°W, 356m, 16 October 1991 (TL Erwin, MG Pogue)(
The species epithet ‘‘vestiverdis” is a Latinized feminine noun meaning green vest, referring to the two lobes of color on the pronotal disc on individuals of this species with central line of pale color bisecting the pattern and appearing as an open vest.
Leprechaun humps-backed beetle.
With the attributes of the genus and angulicollis species group as described above and adults with only dark slightly-metallic markings on the pronotal disc, elytra olivaceous, markedly shiny, some individuals with hint of metallic green near basal margin, narrow, with slightly arcuate lateral margin.
(Figs
Color: See diagnosis, above.
Luster: Very shiny elytra, not iridescent.
Microsculpture: Mostly isodiametric and slightly stretched, shallowly impressed, cells somewhat more stretched around elytral tubercles.
Head: Rugae moderately coarse, mostly transverse, somewhat curved on occiput. Eye very large, nearly perfectly hemispheric, evenly rounded. Antenna short, barely reaching humerus. Labrum rectangulate, shallowly bilobed, anterior margin slightly emarginate. Neck finely transversely rugose.
Prothorax: Pronotum markedly broad, disc planar, with dense transverse rugae. Lateral margins broadly explanate and obtusely angulate medially, then markedly arcuate to obtuse hind angle, base medially produced and rounded posteriorly.
Pterothorax: Normal for Agrina, fully winged. Elytron intervals 3 with 7 and 5 with 5(6) elongate unisetiferous tubercles, other intervals moderately convex, side margin broadly explanate laterally only at middle third. Elytron broad and short, slightly narrower than the pronotum at the broadest part, apex truncate, slightly rounded with distal corner broadly and obtusely rounded, disc not significantly convex, basal third slightly depressed. All interneurs well-impressed.
Legs: Femur dorso-ventrally moderately depressed, tibia coequal in length, more depressed; tarsus less than half the length of the tibia, fourth tarsomere markedly bilobed and with tarsal pad of setae.
Abdomen: Sparsely setiferous; normal ambulatory setae on sterna 3–5; female unknown; males with only the lateral pair of longer setae on sternum 6.
Male genitalia: Phallus (Fig.
Female genitalia: Not investigated, likely similar to that of H. lucida (Fig.
These beetles are macropterous and capable of flight. They are moderately swift and agile runners. Specimens have been acquired in Malaise traps and using insecticidal fogging methods.
Adults are common in the lowlands (116 to 356 m.a.s.l.) and appear to be generalists in a variety of rainforest biotopes including terra firme and várzea. In these forests, they are commonly found in big trees with vines and epiphytes, in suspended dry leaves, in dry Scheelea sp. and Astrocaryum chambira Burret palm frond skirts, in dry leaves scattered in vine tangles, and in dry leaves of the bamboo Guadua weberbaueri Pilg. Individuals can be found in January-February, May-July, and September-October, in both the rainy and dry seasons. Member of this species have been recorded from the canopy of the following tree species using insecticidal fogging techniques: Grias neuberthii; Eschweilera coriacea cf.; Icicopsis sp. ; Pentaplaris huaoranica sp. nov. Rhodostemonodaphne kunthiana cf.; Nectandra sp.; Iriartea deltoidea; Protium sagotianum cf.; Talisia bitter; Mouriri guapira; Eriotheca globosa cf.; Sloane sp., Matisia malacocalyx cf.; Tabebuia moby; Pourouma bicolor ssp. bicolor cf.; Alchornea triplinervia cf.?; Naucleopsis krukovii cf.; Hyeronima oblonga; Brownea grandiceps cf.; Virola decorticans cf.; Pouteria cuspidata ssp. robusta cf.; Duguetia surinamensis cf.; Trichilia rubra cf.; Coccoloba densifrons cf. Eschweilera coriacea cf.; Virola obovata; Brosimum utile ssp. ovatifolium cf.; Pseudolmedia laevis; Patinoa paraensis/sphaerocarpa cf.; Matisia bracteolosa stellate; Simaba guianensis cf.; Trichilia elsae cf.; Icicopsis sp. nov.
Ecuador, Orellana, Reserva Ethnica Huaorani, 39 km S Pompeya, Estación Científica Yasuní – Onkone Gare Camp, Erwin Piraña Plot, transect 2, station 10, 0.6581°S, 76.4513°W, 220-250m, 4 October 1995 (TL Erwin, et al.)(
(Fig.
The holotype will be deposited in UNMSM and is currently held in trust until the completion of studies at
Female. Perú, Loreto, Pacaya-Samiria National Reserve, Río Samiria (South Branch), Camp Terry, 5.6951°S, 75.2243°W, 129m, 14 May 1990 (TL Erwin)(
The species epithet “scheelea” is used as a noun in apposition which is based on the genus of palm upon which the holotype was found.
Palm-frond humps-backed beetle.
With the attributes of the genus and angulicollis species group as described above and adults without pronotal markings, pronotal surface rufotestaceous, elytron blackish-blue with metallic green highlights across the humeri and green points at some larger tubercles with lateral margin narrowly testaceous to latero-apical corner but not reaching sutural apex. Apical abdominal tergite mostly infuscated with narrow median testaceous stripe. Size smaller than H. shasta adults.
(Fig.
Color: See diagnosis, above.
Luster: Metallic highlights, partially iridescent.
Microsculpture: Mostly isodiametric, shallowly impressed, cells somewhat stretched around elytral tubercles.
Head: Rugae moderately coarse, mostly transverse. Eye very large, sub-hemispheric, evenly rounded anteriorly, subtly more prolonged posteriorly. Antenna short, barely reaching humerus. Labrum rectangulate, shallowly bilobed, anterior margin slightly emarginate. Neck finely and transversely rugose.
Prothorax: Pronotum markedly broad, disc centrally depressed with dense transverse rugae. Lateral margins broadly explanate and obtusely angulate medially then moderately arcuate to obtuse hind angle, base medially produced and rounded posteriorly.
Pterothorax: Normal for Agrina, fully winged. Elytron intervals 3 and 5 each with (4)5 discal unisetiferous tubercles, interval 3 with one such tubercle near apex, other intervals moderately convex, side margin broadly explanate laterally only at middle third. Elytron broad and short, slightly narrower than the pronotum at the broadest part, apex truncate, slightly rounded with distal corner broadly and obtusely rounded, disc not significantly convex, basal third slightly depressed. All interneurs well-impressed.
Legs: Femur dorso-ventrally moderately depressed, tibia coequal in length, more depressed; tarsus less than half the length of the tibia, fourth tarsomere markedly bilobed and with tarsal pad of setae.
Abdomen: Sparsely setiferous; normal ambulatory setae on sterna 3–5; female with two pairs of ambulatory setae on sternum 6, medial pair of setae less than the length of lateral pair; males unknown.
Male genitalia: Unknown.
Female genitalia: Not investigated, likely similar to that of H. lucida (Fig.
These beetles are macropterous and probably capable of flight. They are moderately swift and agile runners. The holotype was acquired by insecticidal fogging of a Sheelea palm.
The single known adult was found in May in lowlands (129 m.a.s.l.) in the secondary floodplain of igapó forests.
None.
(Fig.
The holotype will be deposited in UNMSM and is currently held in trust until the completion of studies at
Male. Brazil, Amazonas, north of Manaus on Amazonas 010 at Km 26, Reserva Ducke, 2.918°S, 59.971°W, 70m, 4 July 1978 (J Arias)(
The species epithet “shasta” is an eponym based on the first name of the coauthor of this paper and former Intern in the laboratory of the senior author of this paper at the Smithsonian Institution.
Shasta’s humps-backed beetle.
With the attributes of the genus and angulicollis species group as described above and adults without pronotal markings, pronotal surface rufotestaceous, elytron brilliant metallic green throughout with lateral margin testaceous to latero-apical corner, not quite reaching sutural apex; apical abdominal tergite mostly infuscated with narrow median testaceous stripe; size larger than H. scheelea adults.
(Fig.
Color: See diagnosis, above.
Luster: Very shiny elytra, substantially iridescent.
Microsculpture: Mostly isodiametric and slightly stretched, shallowly impressed, cells somewhat more stretched around elytral tubercles.
Head: Rugae moderately coarse, mostly transverse. Eye very large, nearly perfectly hemispheric, evenly rounded. Antenna short, barely reaching humerus. Labrum rectangulate, shallowly bilobed, anterior margin slightly emarginate. Neck finely transversely rugose.
Prothorax: Pronotum markedly broad, disc not centrally depressed, with dense transverse rugae. Lateral margins broadly explanate and obtusely angulate medially, then moderately arcuate to obtuse hind angle, base medially produced and rounded posteriorly.
Pterothorax: Normal for Agrina, fully winged. Elytron intervals 3 with 7 and 5 with 3/4 elongate unisetiferous tubercles, other intervals moderately convex, side margin broadly explanate laterally only at middle third. Elytron broad and short, slightly narrower than the pronotum at the broadest part, apex truncate, slightly rounded with distal corner broadly and obtusely rounded, disc not significantly convex, basal third slightly depressed. All interneurs well-impressed.
Legs: Femur dorso-ventrally moderately depressed, tibia coequal in length, more depressed; tarsus less than half the length of the tibia, fourth tarsomere markedly bilobed and with tarsal pad of setae.
Abdomen: Sparsely setiferous; normal ambulatory setae on sterna 3–5; female unknown; males with only the lateral pair of longer setae on sternum 6.
Male genitalia: Not investigated as only the holotype male is available, likely similar to that of H. angulicollis (Fig.
Female genitalia: Not investigated, likely similar to that of H. lucida (Fig.
These beetles are macropterous and capable of flight. They are moderately swift and agile runners. The holotype was acquired in a C.D.C. light trap.
The single known adult was found in July in lowlands (70 m.a.s.l.) in the terra firme forests.
None.
(Fig.
Female. Venezuela, Amazonas, Cerro de la Neblina, Río Baria Basecamp, 0.837°N, 66.162°W, 138m, 20 February 1985 (PJ Spangler, PM Spangler, et al.)(
The species epithet “tepui” is used as a noun in apposition and is based on the type of Venezuelan flat-topped upland near which the holotype was found.
Tepui humps-backed beetle.
With the attributes of the genus and angulicollis species group as described above and adults without pronotal markings, pronotal surface rufotestaceous. Elytron with lateral margin broadly testaceous from humerus to sutural apex; apical abdominal tergite testaceous with slight infuscation at extreme posterior-lateral corners.
(Fig.
Color: See diagnosis, above.
Luster: Metallic green highlights, partially iridescent.
Microsculpture: Mostly irregular isodiametric, often stretched, shallowly impressed, cells especially stretched around elytral tubercles.
Head: Rugae moderately coarse, mostly transverse. Eye very large, sub-hemispheric, evenly rounded anteriorly, subtly more prolonged posteriorly. Antenna short, barely reaching humerus. Labrum rectangulate, shallowly bilobed, anterior margin slightly emarginate. Neck finely transversely rugose.
Prothorax: Pronotum markedly broad, disc with dense transverse rugae. Lateral margins broadly explanate and obtusely angulate medially then moderately arcuate to obtuse hind angle, base medially produced and rounded posteriorly.
Pterothorax: Normal for Agrina, fully winged. Elytron intervals 3 and 5 each with 6 discal unisetiferous tubercles, interval 3 with one subtle tubercle near apex, other intervals shallowly to moderately convex, side margin broadly explanate laterally only at middle third. Elytron broad and short, slightly narrower than the pronotum at the broadest part, apex truncate, slightly rounded with distal corner broadly and obtusely rounded, disc not significantly convex, basal third slightly depressed. All interneurs well-impressed.
Legs: Femur dorso-ventrally moderately depressed, tibia coequal in length, more depressed; tarsus less than half the length of the tibia, fourth tarsomere markedly bilobed and with tarsal pad of setae.Abdomen: Sparsely setiferous; normal ambulatory setae on sterna 3–5; female with two pairs of ambulatory setae on sternum 6, medial pair of setae less than the length of lateral pair; males unknown.
Male genitalia: Unknown.
Female genitalia: Not investigated, likely similar to that of H. lucida (Fig.
These beetles are macropterous and capable of flight. They are moderately swift and agile runners. The holotype was acquired at black light in a rainforest clearing.
The single known adult was found in February in lowland (138 m.a.s.l.) terra firme forests.
None.
(Fig.
Male. Ecuador, Orellana, Yasuni National Park (edge), 95.43 km E (heading 101.46°) Coca, Tiputini Biodiversity Station, Erwin Harpia Plot: transect 4, station 4, 0.6316°S, 76.1443°W, 208m, 8 February 1999 (TL Erwin, et al.)(
The specific epithet, “tiputini” is used as a noun in apposition and is based on the Tiputini Biodiversity Station in the Yasuni area of eastern Ecuador in reference to one of the places in which members of this species are found.
Tiputini humps-backed beetle.
With the attributes of the genus and angulicollis species group as described above and adults with patches of bright metallic green para-medially on pronotum, elytra markedly shiny, violaceous, some individuals with hint of metallic green near basal margin, broad, with markedly arcuate lateral margin.
(Figs
Color: See diagnosis, above.
Luster: Matte with a few green reflections, markedly iridescent.
Microsculpture: Mostly irregular isodiametric, often stretched, shallowly impressed, cells especially stretched around elytral tubercles.
Head: Rugae moderately coarse, transverse. Eye very large, sub-hemispheric, evenly rounded anteriorly, subtly more prolonged posteriorly. Antenna short, barely reaching humerus. Labrum rectangulate, shallowly bilobed, anterior margin slightly emarginate. Neck finely transversely rugose.
Prothorax: Pronotum markedly broad, disc medially shallowly depressed along midline, and with dense transverse rugae. Lateral margins broadly explanate and obtusely angulate medially then subtlely arcuate to obtuse hind angle, base medially produced and rounded posteriorly.
Pterothorax: Normal for Agrina, fully winged. Elytron interval 3 with 7(8) and interval 5 with 5 unisetiferous tubercles, other intervals shallowly to moderately convex, side margin broadly explanate laterally only at middle third. Elytron broad and short, slightly narrower than the pronotum at the broadest part, apex truncate, slightly rounded with distal corner broadly and obtusely rounded, disc not significantly convex, basal third slightly depressed. All interneurs well-impressed.
Legs: Femur dorso-ventrally moderately depressed, tibia coequal in length, more depressed; tarsus less than half the length of the tibia, fourth tarsomere markedly bilobed and with tarsal pad of setae.
Abdomen: Sparsely setiferous; normal ambulatory setae on sterna 3–5; female with two pairs of ambulatory setae on sternum 6, medial pair of setae less than the length of lateral pair; males unknown.
Male genitalia: Phallus (Fig.
Digital Photo-illustration, male aedeagus in repose, dorsal, ventral, left lateral aspects. A Hyboptera angulicollis Chaudoir, ADP007330 B Hyboptera biolat Erwin & Henry, sp. n., ADP007443 C Hyboptera vestiverdis Henry & Erwin, sp. n., ADP014856 D Hyboptera tiputini Erwin & Henry, sp. n., ADP135845 E Hyboptera viridivittis Chaudoir, ADP007601. Legend, lp, left paramere; rp, right paramere; pb, phallobase; bo, phallobase orifice; ps, phalloshaft; a, phalloapex. Scale line = 0.25 mm.
Female genitalia: Not investigated, likely similar to that of H. lucida (Fig.
These beetles are macropterous and probably capable of flight. They are moderately swift and agile runners.
Adults are common in the lowlands and lower midlands (20 to 900 m a.s.l.) and appear to be generalists in a variety of rainforest biotopes including terra firme, várzea, and igapó. In these forests, they are commonly found in big trees with vines and epiphytes, in suspended dry leaves, in dry Astrocaryum chambira Burret palm frond skirts. Individuals can be found in January-November, in both the rainy and dry seasons. Member of this species have been recorded from the canopy of the following tree species using insecticidal fogging techniques: Pseudolmedia laevis; Iriartea deltoidea; Castilla ulei cf.; Sorocea steinbachii cf.; Matisia malacocalyx cf. Swartzia león; Eschweilera coriacea cf.; Mouriri guapira; Trichilia solitudinis; Eriotheca globosa cf.; Sloanea 1; Vismia weedy; Tabebuia moby; Pourouma bicolor ssp. bicolor cf.; Alchornea triplinervia cf.?; Naucleopsis krukovii cf.; Hyeronima oblonga; Clarisia biflora; Pouteria baehniana cf.; Inga cuadra; Maquira calophylla; Brownea grandiceps cf.; Talisia bitter; Virola decorticans cf.; Pouteria cuspidata ssp. robusta cf.; Diospyros sericea; Guarea silvatica; Scheelea sp.
Colombia, Amazonas, PNN Amacayacu, Mocagua, 3.84°S, 70.22°W, 76m, 14-21 August 2000 (A Parente)(IAvH: AvH-E-73764, ADP145179, female paratype), 12-19 March 2000 (A Parente)(IAvH: AvH-E-2971, ADP145201, female paratype), 19-26 June 2000 (A Parente)(IAvH: AvH-E-73760, ADP145205, ADP145213, female paratypes), 2-8 May 2000 (A Parente)(IAvH: AvH-E-73762, ADP145199, female paratype), 29 May - 6 June 2000 (A Parente)(IAvH: AvH-E-73759, ADP145207, female paratype), 3-9 April 2000 (A Parente)(IAvH: AvH-E-73758, ADP145185, female paratype); Chocó, Ensenada de Utría Cocalito, 6.046°N, 77.352°W, 20m, 1 August - 10 October 2000 (S Sarria) (IAvH: IAvH-E-10943, ADP145168, female paratype); Valle del Cauca, PPN Farallones de Cali, 3.527°N, 76.848°W, 650-900m, 1 August - 10 October 2000 (S Sarria) (IAvH: IAvH-E-3531, ADP145212, male paratype, IAvH-E-10942, ADP145208, IAvH-E-40743, ADP145216, female paratypes). Ecuador, Orellana, Reserva Ethnica Huaorani, 39 km S Pompeya, Estación Científica Yasuní - Onkone Gare Camp, 0.6551°S, 76.4403°W, 220-250m, 4-14 October 1995 (GE Ball, D.Shpeley)(
(Fig.
The holotype will be deposited in Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito, Ecuador and is currently held in trust until the completion of studies at
Hyboptera viridivittis Chaudoir, 1872: 164.
(Here designated) Sex unknown. Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Cantagallo (RF Sahlberg)(MNHP).
The specific epithet, viridivittis, is a feminine Latin adjective referring to the green line pattern of the pronotum.
Green-lined humps-backed beetle.
With the attributes of the genus and angulicollis species group as described above and adults with patches of bright metallic green para-medially on pronotum, elytra dark matte black, some individuals with hint of metallic green near basal margin. Venter with gular region, prosternal region, meso- and metathroax, and margins of abdominal sterna infuscated, otherwise rufous.
(Figs
Color: See diagnosis, above.
Luster: Matte, pronotum and elytra with metallic highlights.
Microsculpture: Mostly isodiametric or stretched, shallowly impressed, cells more stretched around elytral tubercles.
Head: Rugae moderately coarse, mostly transverse or angulate. Eye large, sub-hemispheric, evenly rounded anteriorly, subtly more prolonged posteriorly. Antenna short, barely reaching humerus. Labrum rectangulate, shallowly bilobed, anterior margin slightly emarginate. Neck finely transversely rugose.
Prothorax: Pronotum moderately broad, disc centrally depressed along midline with dense transverse rugae. Lateral margins broadly explanate and obtusely angulate medially then moderately arcuate to obtuse hind angle, base medially produced and rounded posteriorly.
Pterothorax: Normal for Agrina, fully winged. Elytron interval 3 with 8 and interval 5 with 6 unisetiferous tubercles, other intervals moderately convex, side margin narrowly explanate laterally, slightly more so medially. Elytron moderately broad and short, slightly narrower than the pronotum at the broadest part, apex truncate, slightly rounded with distal corner broadly and obtusely rounded, disc not significantly convex, basal third slightly depressed. All interneurs well-impressed.
Legs: Femur dorso-ventrally moderately depressed, tibia coequal in length, more depressed; tarsus less than half the length of the tibia, fourth tarsomere markedly bilobed and with tarsal pad of setae.
Abdomen: Sparsely setiferous; normal ambulatory setae on sterna 3–5; female with two pairs of ambulatory setae on sternum 6, medial pair of setae less than the length of lateral pair; males with only the lateral pair of longer setae.
Male genitalia: Phallus (Fig.
Female genitalia: Not investigated, likely similar to that of H. lucida (Fig.
These beetles are macropterous and probably capable of flight. They are moderately swift and agile runners.
Adults are found in April-June, the early dry season, in lowlands (75-846 m.a.s.l.) in the Mata Atlântica.
Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 22.9522°S, 43.2109°W, 459m, 1883 (P Germain)(
(Fig.
(recognized by
The most distinctive attribute of species in this group is that the pronotum has discal rugae etched at an angle aimed medio-posteriorly, or somewhat chaotically seemingly without order. Adults of all species have no metallic coloration (except H. apollonia with subtle traces only) on the dorsal surface and the general adult size is medium to large for the genus. Male phallus apex short, broadly or narrowly blunt.
Hyboptera apollonia Erwin, 2004: 33.
Male. Panamá, Colón, 30 km NE Colón, Porto Bello, 9.555°N, 79.653°W, 9m, 23 February 1911)(EA Schwarz)(
The specific epithet, apollonia, is an eponym based on the first name of Michael Corleone’s beautiful young Italian wife in the movie The Godfather whose death in a car explosion perpetrated by Mafia competition signifies the useless instantaneous death of so many species when humans put fire to the tropical rain forest in time of drought.
Apollonia’s humps-backed beetle.
With the attributes of the genus and angulicollis species group as described above and with only dark non-metallic markings on the pronotal disc; pronotum with discal rugae etched horizontally and linear. Elytra black with paler margin not reaching suture. Mouthparts, appendages, margin of prothorax, venter of head and prothorax, abdominal segments II–V testaceous; meso- and metathorax, and abdominal segment VI infuscated.
(Figs
Color: See diagnosis, above.
Luster: Shiny, no metallic highlights, subtle iridescent around tubercles.
Microsculpture: Mostly isodiametric or slightly stretched, well-impressed, cells somewhat stretched around elytral tubercles.
Head: Rugae moderately coarse, mostly not arranged. Eye very large, sub-hemispheric, evenly rounded anteriorly, subtly more prolonged posteriorly. Antenna short, barely reaching humerus. Labrum rectangulate, shallowly bilobed, anterior margin slightly emarginate. Neck finely transversely rugose.
Prothorax: Pronotum markedly broad, disc centrally slightly depressed with dense transverse rugae. Lateral margins very broadly explanate and obtusely rounded medially then nearly straight to obtuse hind angle, base medially produced and rounded posteriorly.
Pterothorax: Normal for Agrina, fully winged. Elytron intervals 3 with 7, and interval 5 with 6 (5) discal unisetiferous tubercles, other intervals moderately convex, side margin moderately explanate laterally only at middle third. Elytron broad and moderately short, moderately narrower than the pronotum at the broadest part, apex truncate, slightly rounded with distal corner broadly and obtusely rounded, disc not significantly convex, basal third slightly depressed. All interneurs well-impressed.
Legs: Femur dorso-ventrally moderately depressed, tibia coequal in length, more depressed; tarsus less than half the length of the tibia, fourth tarsomere markedly bilobed and with tarsal pad of setae.
Abdomen: Sparsely setiferous; normal ambulatory setae on sterna 3–5; female with two pairs of ambulatory setae on sternum 6, medial pair of setae less than the length of lateral pair; males with only the lateral pair of longer setae on sternum 6.
Male genitalia: Phallus (Fig.
Female genitalia: Not investigated, likely similar to that of H. lucida (Fig.
These beetles are macropterous and capable of flight. They are moderately swift and agile runners. Modern collecting methods have acquired specimens, including insecticidal foggings and malaise traps.
An adult of this species was fogged from a tree in the genus Guarea at La Selva and another caught in a Malaise trap as part of the ALAS Project. F. Nevermann collected a specimen on a rotten log. The known elevational range of this species is between 9 and 815 m.a.s.l. Adults have been obtained in January–April, and September–October; hence they are active in both the dry and rainy seasons in the lowlands and lower middle altitudes, both on the east and west sides of the Cordillera Central.
Costa Rica, Heredia, 11 km SE La Virgin, 10.4313°N, 84.0056°W, 450-650m, 11 May 2003 (Proy. ALAS)(INBIO: ADP135881, female), 250-350m, 22 February 2004 (Proy. ALAS)(INBIO: ADP140501, female), 3 km S Pto. Viejo, Estación Biológica La Selva, 10.4313°N, 84.0056°W, 150m, 18 May 1993, (Proy. ALAS)(HESP: ADP102312, female), 13 January 1996 (Proy. ALAS)(INBIO-OET: ADP135879, female); Limón, Rio Reventazon, Ebene, Hamburg Farm, 10.4149°N, 83.7506°W, 50m, 4 October 1928 (F Nevermann)(
(Fig.
Adults of this species are unusual in that they subtly bear two attributes similar to species in the angulicollis species-group: faint traces of metallic green and a short narrow nubnen-like apex of the phallus, rather than short and broadly blunt. Adults of the angulicollis species-group are extensively green and the phallus apex, while narrow is elongate.
Hyboptera auxilidora Erwin, 2004: 35.
Male. USA. Texas, Hidalgo County, nr. Mission, Bentson Rio Grande State Park, 26.176°N, 98.385°W, 38m, 18 July 1981 (WE Steiner)(
The specific epithet, auxiliadora, is an eponym based on the middle name of María Auxiliadora Sanchez, who for many years was responsible for the welfare of participating visiting taxonomists at INBio and its facilities and who made life easy therein while we undertook our studies of the rich Costa Rican fauna and flora.
Maria’s humps-backed beetle.
With the attributes of the genus and tuberculata species group as described above and adults with only dark non-metallic markings on the pronotal disc, venter substantially infuscated, pronotum with discal rugae etched at an angle aimed medio-posteriorly, or somewhat chaotically; elytron with sutural margin at apical sixth pale, not black, if brownish not contrasting with background color, and elytra just posterior to scutellum with a V-shaped pale area encompassing the sutures and first intervals. Elytron broad with markedly arcuate lateral margin.
(Fig.
Color: See diagnosis, above.
Luster: Shiny, not metallic.
Microsculpture: Mostly isodiametric or stretched, shallowly impressed, cells somewhat stretched around elytral tubercles.
Head: Rugae moderately coarse, mostly chaotic. Eye markedly large, sub-hemispheric, evenly rounded anteriorly, subtly more prolonged posteriorly. Antenna short, barely reaching humerus. Labrum rectangulate, shallowly bilobed, anterior margin slightly emarginate. Neck transversely rugose.
Prothorax: Pronotum markedly broad, disc centrally depressed along midline with dense arcuate rugae directed anteriorly in apical half, posteriorly in posterior half of disc. Lateral margins broadly explanate and subtly produced at lateral seta, but not acute medially then straight to obtuse hind angle, base medially slightly produced and rounded posteriorly.
Pterothorax: Normal for Agrina, fully winged. Elytron interval 3 with 10 discal unisetiferous tubercles and interval 5 with 9(8) discal unisetiferous tubercles, interval 3 with one such tubercle near apex, other intervals moderately convex, side margin broadly explanate laterally at middle third. Elytron moderately broad and short, moderately narrower than the pronotum at the broadest part, apex truncate, slightly rounded with distal corner broadly and obtusely rounded, disc not significantly convex, basal third slightly depressed. All interneurs well-impressed.
Legs: Femur dorso-ventrally moderately depressed, tibia coequal in length, more depressed; tarsus less than half the length of the tibia, fourth tarsomere markedly bilobed and with tarsal pad of setae.
Abdomen: Sparsely setiferous; normal ambulatory setae on sterna 3–5; female with two pairs of ambulatory setae on sternum 6, medial pair of setae less than the length of lateral pair; males with only the lateral pair of longer setae.
Male genitalia: Phallus (see fig. 20 in Erwin, 2004) with ostium 1/4 length, catopic and apex short and evenly rounded, endophallus with flagellum, flagellum not barbed. Parameres asymmetric, right very small, left very large.
Female genitalia: Not investigated, likely similar to that of H. lucida (Fig.
These beetles are macropterous and capable in flight. They are moderately swift and agile runners. Specimes have been collected from light traps (white and UV light) and Malaise traps.
Adults are found in July in lowlands (10–240 m.a.s.l.) in terra firme forests. The holotype was collected by W. Steiner from under bark of the tree Celtis levigata Willd. Vogt collected another individual from under the web tent of a psocid colony (Psocoptera). Adults have been obtained in March, April, May, July, August, and September; hence they are active in both the dry and rainy seasons in the lowlands on both sides of the Cordillera Central.
Costa Rica, Guanacaste, P.N. Guanacaste, 30 km N Liberia, Finca Jenny, 10.8655°N, 85.5735°W, 240m, 14-21 August 1993 (E Araya)(INBIO: ADP007640, female); Limón, Rio Reventazon, Ebene, Hamburg Farm, 10.4149°N, 83.7506°W, 50m, 6 November 1925 (F Nevermann)(
(Fig.
Hyboptera dilutior Oberthür, 1884: 52.
Sex unknown. Brazil. Amazonas: Tefé (MNHP).
The specific epithet, dilutior, is an adjective referring to the “washed out” appearance of the color of adults of this species in comparison with those of other species.
Oberthür’s humps-backed beetle.
With the attributes of the genus and tuberculata species group as described above and adults with only dark non-metallic markings on the head and pronotal disc, pronotum with discal rugae in basal half etched at an angle aimed medio-posteriorly, or somewhat chaotically. Elytra mostly testaceous with darkly marked tubercles; small medio-apical tubercles also infuscated; with sutural margin at apical sixth infuscated markedly contrasting with testaceous background color. Venter of head and thorax substantially infuscated; abdominal sterna mostly pale with subtle infuscation.
(Figs
Color: See diagnosis, above.
Luster: Without any metallic highlights, shiny.
Microsculpture: Mostly isodiametric and stretched, shallowly impressed, cells somewhat more stretched around elytral tubercles.
Head: Rugae moderately coarse, mostly without patterned arrangement. Eye moderately large, hemispheric, evenly rounded. Antenna short, barely reaching humerus. Labrum rectangulate, shallowly bilobed, anterior margin slightly emarginate. Neck finely transversely rugose.
Prothorax: Pronotum markedly broad, disc centrally markedly depressed with coarse angulate rugae. Lateral margins broadly explanate and evenly rounded to obtuse hind angle, base medially produced and rounded posteriorly.
Pterothorax: Normal for Agrina, fully winged. Elytron intervals 3 and 5 each with 7 promient discal unisetiferous tubercles, other intervals moderately convex, side margin broadly explanate laterally only at middle third. Elytron broad and short, much narrower in width to that of the pronotum at the broadest part, apex truncate, slightly rounded with distal corner broadly and obtusely rounded, disc not significantly convex, basal third slightly depressed. All interneurs well-impressed.
Legs: Femur dorso-ventrally moderately depressed, tibia coequal in length, more depressed; tarsus less than half the length of the tibia, fourth tarsomere markedly bilobed and with tarsal pad of setae.
Abdomen: Sparsely setiferous; normal ambulatory setae on sterna 3–5; female with two pairs of ambulatory setae on sternum 6, medial pair of setae less than the length of lateral pair; males with only the lateral pair of longer setae.
Male genitalia: Phallus (Fig.
Female genitalia: Not investigated, likely similar to that of H. lucida (Fig.
Digital Photo-illustration, female reproductive system dorsal and ventral aspects. Hyboptera lucida Henry & Erwin sp. n., ADP148100. Legend, bc, bursa copulatrix; sg, spermathecal gland; sgd, spermathecal gland duct; sp, spermatheca. Dorsal aspect; lt, laterotergite; gc1, gonocoxite 1; gc2, gonocoxite 2, des, dorsal ensiform seta, b, base of gonocoxite 2; bl, blade of gonocoxite 2. Scale line = 0.25 mm.
These beetles are macropterous and capable of flight. They are moderately swift and agile runners. Adults of this species are attracted to C.D.C. light traps and captured in SLAM Malaise traps.
Adults are common in the lowlands (7 to 356 m a.s.l.) and appear to be generalists in a variety of rainforest biotopes including terra firme and várzea. In these forests, they are commonly found in big trees with vines and epiphytes, in suspended dry leaves, in dry Sheelea sp. and Astrocaryum chambira Burret palm frond skirts. Individuals can be found from January to December, in both the rainy and dry seasons. Member of this species have been recorded from the canopy of the following tree species using insecticidal fogging techniques: Chrysophyllum argenteum cf.; Sterculia colombiana cf.; Parkia multijuga cf.; Naucleopsis herrerensis cf.; Matisia malacocalyx cf.; Pseudolmedia laevigata; Cecropia herthae; Pentagonia spathicalyx cf.; Eschweilera coriacea cf.; Batocarpus orinocensis cf.; Zanthoxylum riedelianum ssp. kellermanii cf.; Cecropia ficifolia; Inga capitata; Leonia glycicarpa; Coussapoa herthae; Pourouma mollis ssp. triloba cf.; Pausandra trianae; Coussapoa orthoneura cf.; Alchornea triplinervia cf.; Protium sagotianum cf.; Guatteria sp.; Meiocarpus, long petiole; Oenocarpus bataua; Neea dive-tuberculate; Semaphyllanthe megistocaula cf.; Lauraceae redvein; Siparuna decipiens; Trichilia solitudinis.
Brazil, Amazonas, Parana do Xiboreninho, 3.2482°S, 59.9791°W, 7m, 7 August 1979 (TL Erwin, J Adis, et al.)(
(Fig.
Female. French Guiana, Cayenne, Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, 4.7127°N, 52.3966°W, 90m, 17 April 2011 (S Brule, PH Dalens, E Poirier)(
The epithet ‘‘lucida’’ is a Latinized singular feminine adjective of lucid, for clear, referring to the translucent patch near the apex of the elytron on adult members of this species.
Pied humps-backed beetle.
With the attributes of the genus and tuberculata species group as described above and adults with only dark non-metallic markings on the pronotal disc; elytra black with 4 small pale medio-apical tubercles. Venter completely piceous. Largest adults in the genus.
(Figs
Color: See diagnosis, above.
Luster: Without any metallic highlights, matte.
Microsculpture: Mostly isodiametric and stretched, well-impressed, cells somewhat more stretched around elytral tubercles.
Head: Rugae moderately coarse, mostly without patterned arrangement. Eye very large, hemispheric, evenly rounded. Antenna short, barely reaching humerus. Labrum rectangulate, shallowly bilobed, anterior margin slightly emarginate. Neck coarsely transversely rugose.
Prothorax: Pronotum markedly broad, disc centrally shallowly depressed with coarse angulate rugae. Lateral margins broadly explanate and evenly rounded to level of lateral seta then straight to obtuse hind angle, base medially produced and rounded posteriorly.
Pterothorax: Normal for Agrina, fully winged. Elytron intervals 3 with 10 and interval 5 with 7 prominent discal unisetiferous tubercles, interval 4 with sub-apical pale colored “lens,” other intervals moderately convex, side margin broadly explanate laterally only at middle third. Elytron broad and moderately short, much narrower in width than that of the pronotum at the broadest part, apex truncate, slightly rounded with distal corner broadly and obtusely rounded, disc not significantly convex, basal third slightly depressed. All interneurs well-impressed.
Legs: Femur dorso-ventrally moderately depressed, tibia coequal in length, more depressed; tarsus less than half the length of the tibia, fourth tarsomere markedly bilobed and with tarsal pad of setae.
Abdomen: Sparsely setiferous; normal ambulatory setae on sterna 3–5; female with two pairs of ambulatory setae on sternum 6, medial pair of setae less than the length of lateral pair; males with only the lateral pair of longer setae.
Male genitalia: Phallus (Fig.
Female genitalia: (Fig.
These beetles are macropterous and capable of flight. They are moderately swift and agile runners. Adults of this species are attracted to light traps, and have been collected in FIT, Malaise, and SLAM traps.
Adults are found in January-March, May-December, in all seasons, in lowlands (13–325 m.a.s.l.) in the lowland forests of Guyane.
French Guiana, Cayenne, Commune de Roura, Montagne des Chevaux, 4.7127°N, 52.3966°W, 90m, 16 July 2011 (S Brule, PH Dalens, E Poirier)(
(Fig.
Lebia tuberculata Dejean, 1825: 272.
Cryptobatis tuberculata ; Gemminger and Harold (1868: 135).
Hyboptera
tuberculata
(Dejean);
Aspasia
verrucosa
Reiche;
Here designated. Male. French Guiana, Cayenne, (MNHP).
The species epithet ‘‘tuberculata’’ is a Latinized singular feminine adjective, referring to the bumpy attributes of the elytra.
Tuberculate humps-backed beetle.
With the attributes of the genus and tuberculata species group as described above and adults with only dark non-metallic markings on the pronotal disc, elytron just posterior to scutellum with only the suture pale in color, otherwise markedly infuscate.
(Figs
Color: See diagnosis, above.
Luster: Without any metallic highlights, shiny.
Microsculpture: Mostly isodiametric and stretched, shallowly impressed, cells somewhat more stretched around elytral tubercles.
Head: Rugae moderately coarse, mostly chaotic. Eye markedly large, sub-hemispheric, evenly rounded anteriorly, subtly more prolonged posteriorly. Antenna short, barely reaching humerus. Labrum rectangulate, shallowly bilobed, anterior margin slightly emarginate. Neck transversely finely rugose.
Prothorax: Pronotum markedly broad, disc centrally moderately depressed with coarse angulate rugae. Lateral margins broadly explanate and evenly rounded then straight to obtuse hind angle, base medially produced and rounded posteriorly.
Pterothorax: Normal for Agrina, fully winged. Elytron intervals 3 with 8(9) and interval 5 with 6(7) prominent discal unisetiferous tubercles, interval 4 and 6 with subapical pale colored “lens,” other intervals moderately convex, side margin broadly explanate laterally only at middle third. Elytron broad and moderately short, moderately narrower in width than that of the pronotum at the broadest part, apex truncate, slightly rounded with distal corner broadly and obtusely rounded, disc not significantly convex, basal third slightly depressed. All interneurs well-impressed.
Legs: Femur dorso-ventrally moderately depressed, tibia coequal in length, more depressed; tarsus less than half the length of the tibia, fourth tarsomere markedly bilobed and with tarsal pad of setae.
Abdomen: Sparsely setiferous; normal ambulatory setae on sterna 3–5; female with two pairs of ambulatory setae on sternum 6, medial pair of setae less than the length of lateral pair; males with only the outer pair of longer setae.
Male genitalia: Phallus (Fig.
Digital Photo-illustration, male aedeagus in repose, dorsal, ventral, left lateral aspects: A Hyboptera apollonia Erwin, ADP100266 B Hyboptera dilutior Oberthür, ADP134143 C Hyboptera lucida Henry & Erwin, sp. n., ADP135785 D Hyboptera tuberculata (Dejean), ADP135797 E Hyboptera verrucosa (Reiche), ADP082523. Legend, fl, flagellum. Scale line = 0.25 mm.
Female genitalia: Not investigated, likely similar to that of H. lucida (Fig.
These beetles are macropterous and capable of flight. They are moderately swift and agile runners. Adults of this species are attracted to C.D.C. Light traps.
Adults are common in the lowlands and lower midlands (7–914 m a.s.l.) and appear to be generalists in a variety of rainforest biotopes including terra firme, dry and humid tropical forests, in gallery forests, and savanna forest patches. In these forests, they are commonly found in big trees with vines and epiphytes, in suspended medium to large-sized dry leaves, and in dense vine tangle plus leaves with light bamboo occurrence. Individuals can be found from January to December, in both the rainy and dry seasons. Member of this species have been recorded from the canopy of the following tree species using insecticidal fogging techniques: Pouteria reticulata ssp. reticulata cf.; Sloanea cordia; Browneopsis ucayalina; Talisia bitter; Mouriri guapira; Trichilia solitudinis; Eriotheca globosa cf.; Sloanea 1; Trichilia solitudinis; Simira cordifolia/rubescens cf.; Sarcaulus brasiliensis aff. “burnt”; Catatola costaricana aff.; Pourouma mollis ssp. triloba cf.; Alchornea triplinervia cf.; Duguetia surinamensis cf.; Casearia avitensis cf.; Nectandra crassiloba cf.; Trichilia rubra cf.; Coccoloba densifrons cf. traditional; Iriartea deltoidea; Micropholis venulosa cf.; Sagotia racemosa; Virola obovata; Pouteria baehniana cf.; Pourouma bicolor ssp. bicolor cf.; Inga bourgonii cf.; Garcinia macrophylla cf.; Chrysobalanaceae surreptitious; Oenocarpus bataua; Neea dive-tuberculate; Semaphyllanthe megistocaula cf.; Lauraceae redvein.
Bolivia, Beni, 53 km E San Borja, Estación Biológica Beni, Palm Camp, 14.8676°S, 66.3265°W, 177m, 25-30 July 1988 (TL Erwin)(
Aspasia verrucosa Reiche, 1842: 311.
Hyboptera
verrucosa
(Reiche);
Lebia
tuberculata
Dejean;
Colombia (“Nouvelle-Grenade”), (MNHP). Type locality herewith restricted to Colombia, Amazonas, Leticia, 4.2242°S, 69.9449°W, 70 m.s.a.l.
The specific epithet, verrucosa, is a feminine Latin adjective referring to the tuberculate elytra.
Verrucose humps-backed beetle.
With the attributes of the genus and tuberculata species group as described above and adults with only dark non-metallic markings on the pronotal disc, pronoum with rounded margins, elytron just posterior to scutellum with a V-shaped pale area encompassing the scutellum and sutural and first interval, venter substantially infuscate, and elytra narrow, not broadly arcuate.
(Figs
Color: See diagnosis, above.
Luster: Without any metallic highlights, shiny and matte.
Microsculpture: Mostly isodiametric and stretched, shallowly impressed, cells somewhat more stretched around elytral tubercles.
Head: Rugae moderately coarse, mostly without patterned arrangement. Eye markedly large, sub-hemispheric, evenly rounded anteriorly, subtly more prolonged posteriorly. Antenna short, barely reaching humerus. Labrum rectangulate, shallowly bilobed, anterior margin slightly emarginate. Neck finely transversely rugose.
Prothorax: Pronotum moderately broad, disc centrally depressed with coarse angulate rugae. Lateral margins broadly explanate and evenly rounded to obtuse hind angle, base medially produced and rounded posteriorly.
Pterothorax: Normal for Agrina, fully winged. Elytron intervals 3 with 8, and interval 5 with 6 prominent discal unisetiferous tubercles, interval 4 with sub-apical pale colored “lens,” other intervals moderately convex, side margin broadly explanate laterally only at middle third. Elytron broad and moderately short, much narrower in width than that of the pronotum at the broadest part, apex truncate, slightly rounded with distal corner broadly and obtusely rounded, disc not significantly convex, basal third slightly depressed. All interneurs well-impressed.
Legs: Femur dorso-ventrally moderately depressed, tibia coequal in length, more depressed; tarsus less than half the length of the tibia, fourth tarsomere markedly bilobed and with tarsal pad of setae.
Abdomen: Sparsely setiferous; normal ambulatory setae on sterna 3–5; female with two pairs of ambulatory setae on sternum 6, medial pair of setae less than the length of lateral pair; males with only the lateral pair of longer setae.
Male genitalia: (Fig.
Female genitalia: Not investigated, likely similar to that of H. lucida (Fig.
These beetles are macropterous and capable of flight. They are moderately swift and agile runners. Adults of this species are attracted to C.D.C. light traps.
Adults are common in the lowlands (6 to 829 m.a.s.l.) and appear to be generalists in rainforest biotopes such as terra firme and secondary rain/pine forest. In these forests, they are commonly found in big trees with vines and epiphytes, in suspended dry Cecropia leaves, and in dry Astrocaryum chambira Burret palm frond skirts. Individuals can be found in January-November, in both the rainy and dry seasons. Member of this species have been recorded from the canopy of the following tree species using insecticidal fogging techniques: Chrysophyllum argenteum cf.; Sterculia colombiana cf.; Parkia multijuga cf.; Naucleopsis herrerensis cf.; Matisia malacocalyx cf.; Pseudolmedia laevigata; Browneopsis ucayalina; Simira cordifolia/rubescens cf.; Brownea grandiceps cf.; Talisia bitter; Virola decorticans cf.; Pouteria cuspidata ssp. robusta cf.; Diospyros sericea; Guarea silvatica; Lacistema nena cf.; Guatteria glaberrima cf.; Luehea seemanni; Cordia alliodora.
Brazil, Amazonas, km 60 N Manaus, 18.1 km W Campinas Field Station, 2.468°N, 60.156°W, 113m, 22 February 1979 (TL Erwin, et al.)(
(Fig.
Most of the 738 specimens used in this study were taken from the rainforest canopy, or upper understory, using insecticidal fogging techniques. One H. auxilidora adult was found by George Vogt in Texas under the webbing of a live colony of Psocoptera, reminiscent of adults of Hyboteroides Erwin & Ball species that live in the colonies of Embioptera (Embiidina) under their webbing (
With regard to the genus Hyboptera, the recent discoveries of several new species in remote parts of the upper Amazon Basin suggests that further sampling in such areas will increase the species richness of this markedly (structurally and behaviorally) interesting (architecturally and behaviorally) lineage of Carabidae. We also note that even though at present there are not many species known and adults are morphologically markedly modified from more “typical” carabids, and have a unique way of life preying on insects under webbing, the lineage is widely dispersed from Texas to southeastern Brazil with many species that are widespread in their distributions.
Adults of the (currently) monobasic Thoasia Liebke, 1939 are exceedingly common in canopy fogging samples (
In addition to those persons mentioned under Methods and Materials above, we extend hearty thanks to Charyn Micheli and Karolyn Darrow (both of the Department of Entomology at the Smithsonian Institution) for friendly review of the manuscript and data provided in Appendix
Morphological measurements and ratios for adults of species of Hyboptera
angulicollis specigroup | ||||
A. Hyboptera angulicollis Chaudoir | ||||
Males (N19) | Females (11) | |||
Range | Mean | Range | Mean | |
Total Length (SBL) | 3.344–6.958 | 3.695 | 3.353–4.148 | 3.724 |
Maximum Width | 1.944–2.284 | 2.135 | 1.924–2.532 | 2.204 |
Width of Head / Width of Left Elytron | 0.836–0.977 | 0.914 | 0.814–0.963 | 0.891 |
Pronotum: Width (at widest part) / Length | 1.647–1.978 | 1.81 | 1.718–1.909 | 1.802 |
Length of Pronotum / Length of Head | 1.256–1.495 | 1.364 | 1.279–1.515 | 1.381 |
ABL | 3.943–4.800 | 4.296 | 4.015–4.795 | 4.377 |
B. Hyboptera apollonia Erwin | ||||
Males (N2) | Females (N6) | |||
Range | Mean | Range | Mean | |
Total Length (SBL) | 3.723–4.263 | 3.975 | 3.534–4.123 | 3.835 |
Maximum Width | 2.168–2.502 | 2.327 | 2.098–2.574 | 2.3 |
Width of Head / Width of Left Elytron | 0.889–0.927 | 0.908 | 0.810–0.914 | 0.888 |
Pronotum: Width (at widest part) / Length | 1.703–1.714 | 1.709 | 1.799–1.955 | 1.861 |
Length of Pronotum / Length of Head | 1.230–1.353 | 1.288 | 1.211–1.407 | 1.32 |
ABL | 4.534–5.144 | 4.82 | 4.199–5.067 | 4.566 |
C. Hyboptera biolat Erwin & Henry, sp. n. | ||||
Males (N9) | Females (N2) | |||
Range | Mean | Range | Mean | |
Total Length (SBL) | 3.159–3.744 | 3.458 | 3.207–3.482 | 3.339 |
Maximum Width | 1.728–2.328 | 1.981 | 1.676–1.996 | 1.822 |
Width of Head / Width of Left Elytron | 0.832–0.996 | 0.937 | 0.964–1.058 | 1.009 |
Pronotum: Width (at widest part) / Length | 1.738–1.965 | 1.85 | 1.793–1.943 | 1.865 |
Length of Pronotum / Length of Head | 1.300–1.429 | 1.345 | 1.396–1.518 | 1.455 |
ABL | 3.714–4.166 | 3.969 | 3.638–3.855 | 3.743 |
D. Hyboptera vestiverdis Henry & Erwin, sp. n. | ||||
Males (N15) | Females (N15) | |||
Range | Mean | Range | Mean | |
Total Length (SBL) | 3.339–3.992 | 3.611 | 3.135–3.956 | 3.65 |
Maximum Width | 1.896–2.548 | 2.115 | 1.826–2.428 | 2.127 |
Width of Head / Width of Left Elytron | 0.834–1.016 | 0.93 | 0.845–0.983 | 0.924 |
Pronotum: Width (at widest part) / Length | 1.698–2.003 | 1.861 | 1.680–1.993 | 1.82 |
Length of Pronotum / Length of Head | 1.225–1.533 | 1.354 | 1.284–1.519 | 1.389 |
ABL | 3.958–4.623 | 4.272 | 3.461–4.550 | 4.201 |
E. Hyboptera scheelea Erwin & Henry, sp. n. | ||||
Males (N0) | Females (N1) | |||
Range | Mean | Range | Mean | |
Total Length (SBL) | 3.683 | |||
Maximum Width | 2.1 | |||
Width of Head / Width of Left Elytron | 0.956 | |||
Pronotum: Width (at widest part) / Length | 1.921 | |||
Length of Pronotum / Length of Head | 1.306 | |||
ABL | 4.544 | |||
F. Hyboptera shasta Erwin, sp. n. | ||||
Males (N1) | Females (N0) | |||
Range | Mean | Range | Mean | |
Total Length (SBL) | 3.885 | |||
Maximum Width | 2.174 | |||
Width of Head / Width of Left Elytron | 0.966 | |||
Pronotum: Width (at widest part) / Length | 1.873 | |||
Length of Pronotum / Length of Head | 1.361 | |||
ABL | 4.819 | |||
G. Hyboptera tepui Erwin & Henry, sp. n. | ||||
Males (N0) | Females (N1) | |||
Range | Mean | Range | Mean | |
Total Length (SBL) | 4.289 | |||
Maximum Width | 2.458 | |||
Width of Head / Width of Left Elytron | 0.878 | |||
Pronotum: Width (at widest part) / Length | 1.741 | |||
Length of Pronotum / Length of Head | 1.309 | |||
ABL | 5.155 | |||
H. Hyboptera tiputini Erwin & Henry, sp. n. | ||||
Males (N15) | Females (N15) | |||
Range | Mean | Range | Mean | |
Total Length (SBL) | 3.331–4.421 | 4.017 | 3.511–4.724 | 4.166 |
Maximum Width | 2.008–2.924 | 2.363 | 1.868–2.902 | 2.432 |
Width of Head / Width of Left Elytron | 0.796–0.987 | 0.897 | 0.819–1.017 | 0.899 |
Pronotum: Width (at widest part) / Length | 1.699–2.076 | 1.823 | 1.688–1.936 | 1.812 |
Length of Pronotum / Length of Head | 1.293–1.517 | 1.373 | 1.299–1.476 | 1.367 |
ABL | 4.241–5.301 | 4.819 | 4.211–5.640 | 4.965 |
I. Hyboptera viridivittis Chaudoir | ||||
Males (N3) | Females (N5) | |||
Range | Mean | Range | Mean | |
Total Length (SBL) | 3.785–4.052 | 3.933 | 3.759–4.167 | 4.003 |
Maximum Width | 2.34–2.458 | 2.399 | 2.184–2.586 | 2.374 |
Width of Head / Width of Left Elytron | 0.841–0.892 | 0.871 | 0.842–0.922 | 0.893 |
Pronotum: Width (at widest part) / Length | 1.729–1.853 | 1.798 | 1.765–1.930 | 1.84 |
Length of Pronotum / Length of Head | 1.262–1.517 | 1.355 | 1.199–1.316 | 1.278 |
ABL | 4.787–5.089 | 4.934 | 4.646–5.272 | 5.003 |
tuberculata species group | ||||
J. Hyboptera auxilidora Erwin | ||||
Males (N6) | Females (N6) | |||
Range | Mean | Range | Mean | |
Total Length (SBL) | 4.389–4.938 | 4.654 | 4.408–4.983 | 4.755 |
Maximum Width | 2.42–3.28 | 2.77 | 2.524–2.922 | 2.726 |
Width of Head / Width of Left Elytron | 0.727–0.980 | 0.88 | 0.875–0.936 | 0.906 |
Pronotum: Width (at widest part) / Length | 1.774–1.988 | 1.881 | 1.743–2.019 | 1.868 |
Length of Pronotum / Length of Head | 1.208–1.297 | 1.252 | 1.243–1.573 | 1.361 |
ABL | 5.058–5.923 | 5.483 | 5.265–5.925 | 5.539 |
K. Hyboptera dilutior Oberthür | ||||
Males (N15) | Females (N15) | |||
Range | Mean | Range | Mean | |
Total Length (SBL) | 3.545–4.665 | 4.256 | 3.888–4.559 | 4.339 |
Maximum Width | 1.952–2.772 | 2.416 | 2.708–3.208 | 3.024 |
Width of Head / Width of Left Elytron | 0.909–1.012 | 0.959 | 0.743–0.850 | 0.786 |
Pronotum: Width (at widest part) / Length | 1.709–1.925 | 1.811 | 1.701–2.003 | 1.827 |
Length of Pronotum / Length of Head | 1.236–1.403 | 1.333 | 1.210–1.350 | 1.292 |
ABL | 3.916–5.979 | 5.035 | 4.760–5.772 | 5.129 |
L. Hyboptera lucida Henry & Erwin, sp. n. | ||||
Males (N5) | Females (N9) | |||
Range | Mean | Range | Mean | |
Total Length (SBL) | 4.376–5.066 | 4.752 | 4.690–5.265 | 5.029 |
Maximum Width | 2.362–3.218 | 2.849 | 2.820–3.248 | 3.054 |
Width of Head / Width of Left Elytron | 0.845–0.976 | 0.887 | 0.828–0.957 | 0.883 |
Pronotum: Width (at widest part) / Length | 1.713–1.924 | 1.84 | 1.742–1.981 | 1.88 |
Length of Pronotum / Length of Head | 1.130–1.274 | 1.207 | 1.150–1.351 | 1.266 |
ABL | 5.641–6.294 | 5.852 | 5.514–6.667 | 6.093 |
M. Hyboptera tuberculata (Dejean) | ||||
Males (N15) | Females (N15) | |||
Range | Mean | Range | Mean | |
Total Length (SBL) | 3.942–4.853 | 4.471 | 4.196–4.843 | 4.533 |
Maximum Width | 2.178–2.928 | 2.609 | 2.206–3.116 | 2.689 |
Width of Head / Width of Left Elytron | 0.819–1.058 | 0.899 | 0.839–1.029 | 0.893 |
Pronotum: Width (at widest part) / Length | 1.731–2.223 | 1.876 | 1.726–1.993 | 1.859 |
Length of Pronotum / Length of Head | 1.103–1.379 | 1.264 | 1.181–1.354 | 1.277 |
ABL | 4.321–5.883 | 5.231 | 4.745–5.763 | 5.325 |
N. Hyboptera verrucosa (Reiche) | ||||
Males (N14) | Females (N16) | |||
Range | Mean | Range | Mean | |
Total Length (SBL) | 3.824–4.587 | 4.203 | 3.793–4.898 | 4.417 |
Maximum Width | 2.060–2.636 | 2.352 | 2.190–2.846 | 2.478 |
Width of Head / Width of Left Elytron | 0.893–1.025 | 0.954 | 0.862–1.024 | 0.928 |
Pronotum: Width (at widest part) / Length | 1.774–1.997 | 1.882 | 1.797–2.012 | 1.865 |
Length of Pronotum / Length of Head | 1.186–1.359 | 1.269 | 1.185–1.398 | 1.268 |
ABL | 4.493–5.511 | 4.932 | 4.474–5.660 | 5.06 |