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Maximum likelihood tree for Scolopendra in mainland Southeast Asia: colours for clades correspond to species and outgroups; black and white circles indicate statistical support values in both ML and BI analyses or only ML or BI analysis, respectively. Numbers at nodes are bootstrap support and posterior probability. Specimen codes in parentheses following localities correspond to
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Colouration pattern during developmental stages of most S. morsitans populations in mainland Southeast Asia: A Juvenile stage B Adult stage (Colour morph 1).
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Scolopendra morsitans (
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Scolopendra morsitans (
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Scolopendra morsitans (
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Scolopendra morsitans (
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Genital segments in some live Scolopendra specimens: A Scolopendra dehaani (male) B Scolopendra dawydoffi (male) C Scolopendra morsitans (male) D Scolopendra japonica (female) E Scolopendra pinguis (male) F Scolopendra pinguis (female).
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Distribution map of Scolopendra morsitans in Southeast Asia: Filled triangles indicate data from material examined herein; blank triangles indicate localities in the literature (
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Habitus photographs of Scolopendra species: A Scolopendra subspinipes (Singapore,
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Scolopendra subspinipes (
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Scolopendra subspinipes (
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Scolopendra subspinipes (Syntype
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![](https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/89003/singlefigmini/file.jpg)
Scolopendra subspinipes (Syntype
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![](https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/89004/singlefigmini/file.jpg)
Scolopendra subspinipes (Syntypes
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![](https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/89005/singlefigmini/file.jpg)
Scolopendra subspinipes (Syntypes
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Scolopendra subspinipes (
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Scolopendra subspinipes (
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Distribution map of Scolopendra dehaani and Scolopendra subspinipes in Southeast Asia and China-Japan Sea (small map): Filled and blank colours refer to localities from the present study and in the literature, respectively.
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![](https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/89009/singlefigmini/file.jpg)
Colouration changes and patterns during developmental stages of Scolopendra dehaani: A Juvenile stage B Sub-adult stage C Adult stage (specimen from northern Thailand).
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Brooding and feeding behaviours: A Scolopendra dehaani exhibiting simple coiling with cluster of embryonic stadia (photograph by Natdanai Likhitrakarn) B Scolopendra morsitans exhibiting double coiling with post-embryonic stadia C–D Scolopendra dehaani preying on snail-eating snake Pareas carinatus D Flexibility of trunk segments during predation.
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Scolopendra dehaani (
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Scolopendra dehaani (
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Scolopendra dehaani (
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Scolopendra dehaani (
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Genital segment(s) in some preserved Scolopendra specimens: A Scolopendra dehaani (male) B Scolopendra calcarata (female) C Scolopendra pinguis (male) D Scolopendra morsitans (male).
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Scolopendra multidens (Holotype
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Scolopendra multidens (Holotype
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Genital segment(s) of A–B Scolopendra multidens (male; lateral and ventral views, respectively) C–D Scolopendra cataracta (female; lateral and ventral views, respectively).
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![](https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/89019/singlefigmini/file.jpg)
Distribution map of six Scolopendra species in Southeast Asia and China-Japan Sea (small map): Filled and blank colours refer to localities from the present study and in the literature, respectively.
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Scolopendra calcarata (
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Scolopendra calcarata (
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Scolopendra calcarata (Holotype
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Scolopendra calcarata (Holotype
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Scolopendra calcarata (
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Scolopendra calcarata (
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Scolopendra japonica (
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Scolopendra japonica (
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Scolopendra japonica (Syntype
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Scolopendra japonica (Syntype
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Scolopendra japonica (
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Scolopendra japonica (
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![](https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/89032/singlefigmini/file.jpg)
Habitus photographs of Scolopendra species: A Scolopendra pinguis (Colour morph 1A:
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Scolopendra pinguis (
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Scolopendra pinguis (
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Scolopendra pinguis (
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Scolopendra pinguis (
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Scolopendra pinguis (
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![](https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/89038/singlefigmini/file.jpg)
Scolopendra dawydoffi (
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![](https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/89039/singlefigmini/file.jpg)
Scolopendra dawydoffi (
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![](https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/89040/singlefigmini/file.jpg)
Scolopendra dawydoffi (Syntypes
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![](https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/89041/singlefigmini/file.jpg)
Scolopendra dawydoffi (Syntypes
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![](https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/89042/singlefigmini/file.jpg)
Scolopendra dawydoffi (
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![](https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/89043/singlefigmini/file.jpg)
Scolopendra dawydoffi (
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![](https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/89044/singlefigmini/file.jpg)
Scolopendra cataracta sp. n.: A Habitus photograph of holotype
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Scolopendra cataracta sp. n.: A–B Tooth-plates C Cephalic plate and trunk segments 1–3 D Forcipular segment E Sternites 9–11 and F–H Spiracles 3, 5 and 8, respectively. Holotype
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Scolopendra cataracta sp. n.: A Tergites 9–11 B Tergite of ultimate leg-bearing segment C–D Sternite of ultimate leg-bearing segment and coxopleura E–H Variation in ventral spines on ultimate leg prefemora F Lateral view of coxopleuron G Dorsal view of ultimate legs. Holotype
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Scolopendra cataracta sp. n. (Holotype:
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![](https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/89048/singlefigmini/file.jpg)
Scolopendra cataracta sp. n.: A Lateral view of coxopleuron B Tergite of ultimate leg-bearing segment C Sternite of ultimate leg-bearing segment, coxopleura and ultimate leg prefemora. D Asymmetry of spines on coxopleural process E Dorsal view of ultimate leg prefemora. Holotype