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Bayesian phylogeny of the Pristimantis orestes species group based on 2393 base pairs of concatenated DNA from 12S, 16S, and RAG-1 gene fragments. Bayesian posterior probability support values are shown for each node, except when they are less than 0.70. Bolded names represent new sequences obtained in this study. Colored bars represent the following species: P. cajanuma sp. nov. (yellow), P. orestes (dark red), P. saturninoi (blue) and P. quintanai sp. nov. (green). We rooted the tree with Lynchius flavomaculatus and Strabomantis biporcatus. Names in gray represent closely related clades of the Pristimantis orestes species group based on the phylogeny of
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![](https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/318810/singlefigmini/file.jpg)
Pristimantis orestes variation in life. A MZUA.AN.2488, profile and ventral view B MZUA.AN.2493, profile view C MZUA.AN.2497, profile and ventral view.
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![](https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/318811/singlefigmini/file.jpg)
Advertisement call of Pristimantis orestes. A Oscillogram of a 12-call section of the call series B Oscillogram of a single call C Spectogram of a single call D Power spectrum of a single call.
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![](https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/318812/singlefigmini/file.jpg)
Map of southern Ecuador showing recording localities of Pristimantis saturninoi, P. quintanai sp. nov., P. orestes, and P. cajanuma sp. nov.
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![](https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/318813/singlefigmini/file.jpg)
Holotype of Pristimantis cajanuma sp. nov. in life. A dorsolateral view B ventral view.
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Holotype of Pristimantis cajanuma sp. nov. in preservative, adult female MUTPL 346: A dorsal view B ventral view C lateral view.
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![](https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/318815/singlefigmini/file.jpg)
Holotype of Pristimantis cajanuma sp. nov. in preservative, adult female MUTPL 346: A dorsal view of head B profile view of head C palmar surfaces D plantar surfaces.
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Color variation of Pristimantis cajanuma sp. nov. in life. A–E females: A MUTPL 343 B MUTPL 591 C MUTPL 347 D MUTPL 583 E MUTPL 584; F–H juveniles: F MUTPL 345 G MUTPL 588 H MUTPL 592 I–L males: I MUTPL 353 J MUTPL 352 K MUTPL 355 L MUTPL 594.
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![](https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/318817/singlefigmini/file.jpg)
Morphological differences between Pristimantis orestes sensu stricto (A, C, E) and P. cajanuma sp. nov. (B, D, F): whitish gray iris (A) vs. bronze iris (B) dorsolateral folds absent (C) vs. dorsolateral folds present (D); and limited black coloration in the groin and concealed surfaces of shanks (E) vs. widespread black coloration (F).
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![](https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/318819/singlefigmini/file.jpg)
Holotype of Pristimantis quintanai sp. nov. in preservative, adult female MZUA.AN.1881. A dorsal view B ventral view C profile view.
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![](https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/318820/singlefigmini/file.jpg)
Holotype of Pristimantis quintanai sp. nov. in preservative, adult female MZUA.AN.1881. A head in dorsal view B head in profile view C palmar surfaces D plantar surfaces.
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![](https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/318821/singlefigmini/file.jpg)
Morphological variation of Pristimantis quintanai sp. nov. in live. A MZUA.AN.1900, profile and dorsal view B MZUA.AN.1880, profile and ventral view C MZUA.AN.2705, profile view.