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Carapaces of Parvocythere gottwaldi sp. n. A–D, G and H male specimens: A and B paratype (SUM-CO-2025) C and D paratype (SUM-CO-2026) G paratype (SUM-CO-2027) H paratype (SUM-CO-2028). A left external lateral view B right external lateral view C internal view of left valve D internal view of right valve G dorsal view H ventral view. E and F female specimens: E paratype (SUM-CO-2039) F paratype (SUM-CO-2040). E left external view F right external view. Scale bar indicates 100 μm.
Carapaces of Parvocythere gracilis sp. n. A–D and H male specimens: A paratype (SUM-CO-2051) B paratype (SUM-CO-2052) C and D paratype (SUM-CO-2053) H paratype (SUM-CO-2054). A left external lateral view B right external lateral view C internal view of left valve D internal view of right valve H ventral view. E–G female specimens: E paratype (SUM-CO-2059) F paratype (SUM-CO-2059) G paratype (SUM-CO-2060). E left external view F right external view G dorsal view. Scale bar indicates 100 μm.
Antenna and male copulatory organ of Parvocythere japonica (holotype) as a representative of the Group S. A antenna B sketch of distal region of antenna C male copulatory organ. Shaded podomere is distal fourth podomere. Scale bars indicate 30 µm, 20 µm and 50 µm for A, B and C respectively.
Schematic of inferred evolutionary relationships of the Parvocythere species. Triangles coloured in gray indicate each group of species. Species in blackly closed squares indicate them classified into each group. The characters of antennula, antenna and male copulatory organ are represented in the blackly closed balloons and under-lined characters are novel ones. Evolutionary change is represented in an open balloon. The species in the second step of Group N have only one of the reductive states: reductive one of two antennal distal claws or one of pared male copulatory organ (with an asterisk “*”).