Geographic location of the sampling localities in the Iberian Peninsula.

Right palp of Araneus bonali sp. n. A ventral B mesal C expanded pedipalp. Abbreviations: c – conductor; cy – cymbium; dh – distal hematodocha; e – embolus; fe – femur; ma – median apophysis; p – patella; r- radix; s – stipes, sta – subterminal apophysis; t – tegulum; ta – terminal apophysis, ti – tibia.

Epigyne and vulva of Araneus bonali sp. n. A epygine lateral B idem, ventral C vulva, posterior. Abbreviations: bs – basal plate; co – copulatory opening; ct – copulatory tube; sc – scape; spt – spermatheca.

Images of an Araneus bonali sp. n. female and the surface of an oak trunk showing the lichen mimicry of this spider species.

Araneus bonali sp. n., female under stereoscopic binocular microscope. A dorsal view B ventral view C lateral view (dimensions in mm).

Araneus bonali sp. n. male under stereoscopic binocular microscope. A dorsal view B ventral view (dimensions in mm).

Gene tree of the nuclear gene 28SrRNA. Araneus bonali sp. n. underlined in red. Sequences for all species except Araneus bonali sp. n. were downloaded from GenBank (accession codes shown besides the species name). Tree topology was inferred using Bayesian inference analyses (GTR + I + Gamma substitution model).

Concatenated mitochondrial cox1 and nuclear 28S genes phylogeny. Araneus bonali sp. n. underlined in green within the Holartic Araneus sequences available at GenBank or BOLD (accession codes shown in Table 3). The red-coloured frame shows the clade corresponding to the Araneus diadematus group. Tree topology was inferred using Bayesian inference analysis (GTR + I + Gamma substitution model).

Number of juveniles (grey bars) and adults (black bars) of Araneus bonali sp. n. collected on the tree trunks and branches.

Number of juveniles (grey bars) and adults (black bars) of Araneus bonali sp. n. collected throughout the year.

Araneus arganicola syntype specimens. A dorsal view B ventral view C data labels.