Bayesian phylogeny used to delimit species of the Hypsolebias magnificus complex inferred by using sequences of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome b, 463 bp. Numbers above nodes are posterior probability values above 95 %; numbers before species names are catalogue numbers for specimens.

Hypsolebias gardneri sp. n. A live holotype, UFRJ 11859, male, 36.9 mm SLB live paratype, UFRJ 6797, female, 30.0 mm SL. Photographs by WJEM Costa.

Localities of specimens belonging to species of the Hypsolebias magnificus complex used in this study: black dot, H. hamadryades; white dot, H. magnificus; red dot, H. gardneri; yellow dot, H. harmonicus; blue dot, H. picturatus.

Hypsolebias hamadryades sp. n. A live holotype, UFRJ 6893, male, 26.9 mm SL (caudal fin damaged and regenerated) B live paratype, UFRJ 6895, female, 21.2 mm SL. Photographs by WJEM Costa.

Caudal fin of live males of the Hypsolebias magnificus species complex. A H. harmonicus, holotype, UFRJ 6696, 29.4 mm SLB H. gardneri sp. n., paratype, UFRJ 6797, 34.4 mm SLC H. hamadryades Costa sp. n., paratype, UFRJ 6895, 24.8 mm SLD H. magnificus, specimen from Gado Bravo, UFRJ 4959, 31.2 mm SLE H. magnificus, topotype not preserved, about 25 mm SLF H. picturatus. Paratype, UFRJ 5053, 38.6 mm SL. Photographs by WJEM Costa.