Research Article |
Corresponding author: Cheng-Bin Wang ( leiodidae@hotmail.com ) Academic editor: Achille Casale
© 2017 Cheng-Bin Wang.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Wang C-B (2017) Paussus (Scaphipaussus) zhouchaoi sp. n., a new myrmecophilous species from China (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Paussinae, Paussini). ZooKeys 663: 133-143. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.663.11635
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A new species of flanged bombardier beetles is described from Jiangxi and Sichuan, China, Paussus (Scaphipaussus) zhouchaoisp. n. (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Paussinae, Paussini). All the type specimens were collected from colonies of the host ant Pheidole sp. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae). Important morphological characters of the new species are illustrated by color plates.
Carabidae , China, new species, Paussinae , Paussini , Paussus , Scaphipaussus , taxonomy
The obligate myrmecophilous genus Paussus Linné, 1775 is the most speciose genus of Paussinae (Coleoptera, Carabidae) with members distributed in Afrotropical, Oriental, southwest and southeast Palearctic and Madagascan Regions. Recently,
Paussus I series (Bohemanipaussus Luna de Carvalho, 1982; Bathypaussus Wasmann, 1929; Edaphopaussus Kolbe, 1920);
Paussus II series (Paussus Linné, 1775; Klugipaussus Kolbe, 1927; Scaphipaussus Fowler, 1912; Hylotorus Dalman, 1823; Anapaussus Wasmann, 1929);
Paussus III series (Lineatopaussus Kolbe, 1928; Shuckardipaussus Kolbe, 1938).
However, for the fauna of China, only eleven species were recorded (
Paussus series II: subgenus Paussus Linné, 1775:
P. brancuccii Nagel, 2016 (Guangxi);
P. kjellanderi Luna de Carvalho, 1965 (Jiangsu, Taiwan).
Paussus series II: subgenus Scaphipaussus Fowler 1912:
P. bowringii Westwood, 1850 (Hong Kong);
P. formosus Wasmann, 1912 (Taiwan);
P. hystrix Westwood, 1850 (Hong Kong, Jiangsu, Sichuan);
P. jengi Maruyama, 2016 (Taiwan).
Incertae sedis:
P. elongatus Kanô, 1930 (Taiwan);
P. horikawae Kanô, 1930 (Taiwan);
P. minor Shiraki, 1907 (Taiwan);
P. sauteri Wasmann, 1912 (Taiwan);
P. jousselini Guérin-Méneville, 1836 (Hong Kong, Hunan).
In this paper, a new species from Jiangxi Province and Sichuan Province of China is described and illustrated: Paussus (Scaphipaussus) zhouchaoi sp. n. All the type specimens were collected from colonies of the host ant Pheidole sp. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae).
Specimens were relaxed and softened in a hot saturated solution of potassium hydroxide for three minutes, and then transferred to distilled water to rinse the residual potassium hydroxide off and stop any further bleaching. The softened specimens were moved into glycerin and dissected there to observe morphological details. After examination, the body parts were mounted on a glass slip with Euparal Mounting Medium for future studies. Habitus photograph of Figure
The material examined for this study is deposited in the following collections and museums:
BITS Bin Insect Taxonomy Studio, Beijing, China
SNUC Insect Collection of Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
Measurement criteria in millimeters (mm) are used as follows:
Body length: axial length from the anterior apex of clypeus to the elytral apex.
Head length: axial length from the anterior apex of clypeus until the constriction of neck.
Head width: maximum width of head (including eyes or temples).
Eye length: shortest diameter of eye between anterior and posterior margins.
Gena length: shortest distance between antennal insertion and anterior margin of eye.
Pronotal length: axial length of pronotum.
Pronotal width: maximum width of pronotum.
Pronotal anterior part length: axial length from the anterior margin of pronotum to the anterior edge of transverse pronotol cleft.
Pronotal anterior part width: maximum width of pronotal anterior part.
Pronotal posterior part length: length from the level of forefront after transverse pronotol cleft to the posterior margin of pronotum.
Pronotal posterior part width: maximum width of pronotal posterior part.
Elytral length: length from the basal border of elytra to its apex along suture.
Elytral width: width across the middle of two elytra combined together.
Vernacular name: 棒角甲属
Vernacular name: 舟棒角甲亚属
Holotype: ♂, CHINA, Sichuan: Chengdu City, Dujiangyan, Zipingpu Town, Lingyanguanyinshan scenic area (灵岩观音山风景区), 29.IV.2016, 31.02956N, 103.61651E, alt. 1210 m, ant colony under deadwood bark, leg. Chao Zhou & Li He (BITS). Paratypes: 1♀, same data as holotype (BITS); 1♂, CHINA, Jiangxi: Yichun City, Mingyueshan (明月山), 27°35'25"N, 114°17'02"E, alt. 1600 m, 22.X.2013, Zhong Peng leg. [from a colony of Pheidole sp.] (SNUC).
This new species is allocated to the subgenus Scaphipaussus Fowler 1912 according to the groups key of Robertson & Moore (2016). Within this subgenus the new species is unique with regard to the combination of the following characters: body lustrous, scatteredly and shortly pubescent, seeming hairless to the naked eyes; head vertex distinctly excavated, laterally bordered by auriculate costae; scape longer than wide, cylindrical; fused flagellum elongated subtriangular, with dorsal margin of outer side with five robust teeth and five deep incisions, while ventral margin of that with five weak protrusions and five weak emarginations; pronotum wider than long, width/length = 1.22, as wide as head, (anterior part width)/(posterior part width) = 1.10, anterior part laterally angulate, posterior part with lateral margins roundly protruded in the apical 3/4 and obliquely substraight in the basal 1/4; elytra not bearing lateral trichome fringes; legs robust; pygidium with posterior dorsal margin distinctly upturned and explanate, marginal trichome fringe dense.
Male holotype. Medium size, body 4.83 mm long. Length (mm) of different body parts: head (0.68) : pronotum (0.91) : pronotal anterior part (0.40) : pronotal posterior part (0.43) : elytra (3.21) : pronotum-elytra (4.12); width (mm): head (1.13) : pronotum (1.11) : pronotal anterior part (1.11) : pronotal posterior part (1.01) : elytra (1.88). (Pronotum-elytra length)/(elytral width) = 2.20.
Body (Figs
Head (Fig.
Mouthparts of “closed” type, adjacent to the underside of head. Labrum transverse and rectangular. Palpifer exposed. Maxillary palpomere II large, broad and compressed, almost as wide as long, wider than 2× width of palpomere III and longer than palpomeres III and IV combined, with mesal margin more or less rounded; palpomere III only slightly wider than palpomere IV; palpomere IV tapering apically and slightly longer than palpomere III. Palpiger exposed. Labial palpomere II with socket for palpomere III positioned along midline; palpomere III narrow, slender, fusiform and slightly compressed, length/width = 3.43, longer than 2× length of palpomeres I and II combined. Ligula large and broad, with apical margin broadly rounded at middle. Gula with width/length (at narrowest point) = 0.42.
Antenna (Fig.
Pronotum (Fig.
Scutellum ligulate, wider than long, surface densely punctate.
Elytra oblong, length/width = 1.71; humeri hardly demarcated; surface smooth and lustrous, without punctures, merely sculptured with micropores; areas along suture devoid of pubescence. Metathoracic wings fully developed.
Legs robust, with smooth surfaces. Tibiae compressed; protibiae straight, mesotibiae slightly sinuate, metatibiae almost straight; metatibiae broader than meso- and protibiae; tibial spurs absent; pubescence denser on apical part of all tibiae. Tarsi with tarsomeres I–IV subequal in length, with apical margins entire, dorsally straight or inconspicuously emarginate; all tarsomeres without adhesive pads but loosely setose on lateral parts of ventral surfaces.
Stridulatory organ present: scraper as a curved row of transverse spines on abdominal ventrite I, and file present at inner base of metafemur.
Pygidium (Fig.
Aedeagus as shown in Figs
Female paratype (Figs
All the type specimens were collected from colonies of the host ant Pheidole sp. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae). The male holotype and the female paratype from Sichuan Province were collected from a Pheidole colony under deadwood bark. Two Pheidole sp. minor workers (Fig.
Biotope in Lingyanguanyinshan scenic area (Sichuan) as shown in Fig.
Field observations (Sichuan: Lingyanguanyinshan scenic area) of Paussus (Scaphipaussus) zhouchaoi sp. n. (Photoed by Li He) A biotope B the rotten deadwood inhabited by P. (S.) zhouchaoi sp. n. and its host ants (Pheidole sp.) CP. (S.) zhouchaoi sp. n. on the rotten deadwood DP. (S.) zhouchaoi sp. n. on the palm of the collector Li He.
The specific epithet is dedicated to Mr. Chao Zhou (Chengdu, Sichuan, China), one of the collectors of this new species and a good amateur obsessing with beetles.
China (Jiangxi, Sichuan).
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Chao Zhou (Chengdu, Sichuan, China) and Li He (Chengdu, Sichuan, China) for loaning the invaluable specimens of the new species. I am very grateful to Xiao-Bin Song (Shanghai, China) for his generosity in giving me the priority to describe this new species when I knew he also possess one male specimen. I also quite appreciate Michael Staab (University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany) for identifying the host ant. I am indebted to Jan Růžička (Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic) for offering me the opportunity to continue my taxonomic research in Europe. I am obliged to Hong-Zhang Zhou (Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China) for his supervision during my PhD time. Special thanks to Bin Liu, an insect-obsessed eccentric on Cerambycidae, the founder and investor of Bin Insect Taxonomy Studio (Beijing, China), for his years of assistance and company. My appreciations to Wen-I Chou (Taitung, Taiwan, China), Liang He (Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China), Liang Lü (Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China), Hao Xu (the Bureau of Forest Resource Management of Mt. Simianshan, Chongqing, China), Qiao-Zhi Yang (Beijing, China) for their continued support of my studies. I am grateful to Andrea Di Giulio (University “Roma Tre”, Roma, Italy) and James A. Robertson (University of Arizona, Tucson, USA) who provided constructive comments on previous versions of the manuscript. This study was supported by the Bin Insect Taxonomy Studio (No. 2016).