Latest Articles from ZooKeys Latest 17 Articles from ZooKeys https://zookeys.pensoft.net/ Fri, 29 Mar 2024 13:09:38 +0200 Pensoft FeedCreator https://zookeys.pensoft.net/i/logo.jpg Latest Articles from ZooKeys https://zookeys.pensoft.net/ Peruvian nudibranchs (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Heterobranchia): an updated literature review-based list of species https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/103167/ ZooKeys 1176: 117-163

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1176.103167

Authors: Alessandra Grández, André Ampuero, Sergio P. Barahona

Abstract: Nudibranchs, as a group, have received limited attention in terms of scientific study along the coastline of Peru. Here, an updated and comprehensive list of nudibranch species found in the Peruvian sea is presented, compiled through an extensive review of relevant literature. This compilation encompasses a total of 31 species, classified into two suborders, 10 superfamilies, 20 families, and 28 genera. With respect to the biogeographic provinces along the Peruvian coast, 23 species inhabit the Warm Temperate Southeastern Pacific province, 18 species occur in the Tropical Eastern Pacific province, and 10 species are found in both provinces, crossing the transitional zone between them. In terms of distribution patterns, two species exhibit a cosmopolitan distribution (Glaucus atlanticus and Fiona pinnata), while two species display a circumtropical distribution (Cephalopyge trematoides and Phylliroe bucephala). One species exhibits a bipolar distribution in the Eastern Pacific and possesses an amphi-South American distribution (Rostanga pulchra). Additionally, six species exhibit an amphi-South American distribution (Rostanga pulchra, Diaulula punctuolata, Doto uva, Tyrinna evelinae, Tyrinna delicata, and Doris fontainii), and two species are endemic to Peru (Corambe mancorensis and Felimare sechurana). This study provides comprehensive information on biogeographical aspects, geographical distributions, and taxonomic updates within the nudibranch species documented in Peru. Furthermore, we discuss the status of species listed in previous literature that have not been confirmed by collections, referring to them as potentially occurring species.

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Review Article Wed, 23 Aug 2023 18:16:24 +0300
Taxonomic review of Kaloplocamus from the Yellow Sea, China with the description of a new species (Nudibranchia, Doridina, Polyceridae) https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/101248/ ZooKeys 1168: 107-129

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1168.101248

Authors: Jingcheng Wei, Lingfeng Kong

Abstract: Species of Kaloplocamus Bergh, 1880 are enigmatic Nudibranchia sea slugs, and only two valid species are reported in the northwestern Pacific. Kaloplocamus japonicus (Bergh, 1880) was initially described based on alcohol-fixed specimens. In the latest revision of Kaloplocamus, it was synonymized with Kaloplocamus ramosus (Cantraine, 1835). Recently, several nudibranchs were collected from Tianheng, Shandong Province, China, and one of them is identified as an undescribed species described here as Kaloplocamus albopunctatus sp. nov. based on integrated approaches incorporating morphological observations, internal anatomy, and phylogenetic analyses of two mitochondrial (COI, 16S rRNA) genes. The other species is identified as K. japonicus Bergh, 1880 based on the anatomy of the reproductive system. The new species K. albopunctatus sp. nov. is similar to K. ramosus in having a bright orange-red color pattern but differs significantly in the structure of appendages and reproductive system. Kaloplocamus japonicus can be easily distinguished from other Kaloplocamus species by its translucent, white-pink coloration and unique features of the female reproductive organ. Both species are supported as distinct species in all molecular analyses. The phylogenetic analyses propose a new estimate of the relationship between Kaloplocamus and Plocamopherus, and the evolution of bioluminescence within Triophinae is discussed. Our results also suggest cryptic biodiversity within the K. ramosus species complex.

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Research Article Tue, 27 Jun 2023 16:00:21 +0300
Seven new “cryptic” species of Discodorididae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Nudibranchia) from New Caledonia https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/98258/ ZooKeys 1152: 45-95

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1152.98258

Authors: Julie Innabi, Carla C. Stout, Ángel Valdés

Abstract: The study of a well-preserved collection of discodorid nudibranchs collected in Koumac, New Caledonia, revealed the presence of seven species new to science belonging to the genera Atagema, Jorunna, Rostanga, and Sclerodoris, although some of the generic assignments are tentative as the phylogeny of Discodorididae remains unresolved. Moreover, a poorly known species of Atagema originally described from New Caledonia is re-described and the presence of Sclerodoris tuberculata in New Caledonia is confirmed with molecular data. All the species described herein are highly cryptic on their food source and in the context of the present study the term “cryptic” is used to denote such species. This paper highlights the importance of comprehensive collecting efforts to identify and document well-camouflaged taxa.

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Research Article Tue, 7 Mar 2023 18:58:42 +0200
Battle of the bands: systematics and phylogeny of the white Goniobranchus nudibranchs with marginal bands (Nudibranchia, Chromodorididae) https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/72939/ ZooKeys 1083: 169-210

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1083.72939

Authors: Giun Yee Soong, Lynn J. Bonomo, James D. Reimer, Terrence M. Gosliner

Abstract: Species identities of Goniobranchus nudibranchs with white bodies and various marginal bands have long been problematic. In this study, specimens of these Goniobranchus nudibranchs from the Philippines, Peninsular Malaysia, Japan, Papua New Guinea, and Madagascar were analyzed and molecular data were obtained in order to re-examine the relationships between species within this “white Goniobranchus with marginal bands” group. The analyses clearly recovered six species groups corresponding to the described species Goniobranchus albonares, G. preciosus, G. rubrocornutus, G. sinensis, and G. verrieri as well as one new species, G. fabulus Soong & Gosliner, sp. nov. Notably, G. preciosus, G. sinensis, G. rubrocornutus, G. verrieri, and G. fabulus Soong & Gosliner, sp. nov. exhibit color variation and polymorphism, suggesting that some aspects of color patterns (e.g., presence or absence of dorsal spots) may not always be useful in the identification of species in the “white Goniobranchus with marginal bands” group, whereas other features such as gill and rhinophore colors and the arrangement and colors of the mantle marginal bands are more diagnostic for each species.

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Research Article Tue, 25 Jan 2022 18:01:01 +0200
Corrigendum: Red Sea Opisthobranchia 6: Phyllidiidae and their paradorid mimic: new species and new records (Heterobranchia, Nudibranchia, Doridina). ZooKeys 1006: 1–34. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1006.59732 https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/72258/ ZooKeys 1055: 161-163

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1055.72258

Authors: Nathalie Yonow

Abstract: none

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Corrigendum Thu, 12 Aug 2021 18:55:06 +0300
New records of nudibranchs and a cephalaspid from Kuwait, northwestern Arabian Gulf (Mollusca, Heterobranchia) https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/66250/ ZooKeys 1048: 91-107

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1048.66250

Authors: Manickam Nithyanandan, Manal Al-Kandari, Gopikrishna Mantha

Abstract: In this study five new records and two probably undescribed species of heterobranch sea slugs placed in four genera, three families, and two orders are reported from Kuwait, northwestern Arabian / Persian Gulf with details and photographs. The present study increases the heterobranch diversity in Kuwaiti waters from 35 to 40 species. The range of habitats in Kuwait provides a vital opportunity for further investigation to understand the actual faunal diversity.

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Research Article Tue, 13 Jul 2021 14:26:46 +0300
An updated inventory of sea slugs from Koh Tao, Thailand, with notes on their ecology and a dramatic biodiversity increase for Thai waters https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/64474/ ZooKeys 1042: 73-188

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1042.64474

Authors: Rahul Mehrotra, Manuel A. Caballer Gutiérrez, Chad M. Scott, Spencer Arnold, Coline Monchanin, Voranop Viyakarn, Suchana Chavanich

Abstract: Improved access to field survey infrastructure throughout South-East Asia has allowed for a greater intensity of biodiversity surveys than ever before. The rocky bottoms and coral reef habitats across the region have been shown to support some of the highest sea slug biodiversity on the planet, with ever increasing records. During the past ten years, intensive SCUBA surveys have been carried out at Koh Tao, in the Gulf of Thailand, which have yielded remarkable findings in sea slug biology and ecology. In this work a brief history of sea slug biodiversity research from Thailand is covered and a complete inventory of sea slugs from Koh Tao, Gulf of Thailand is provided. This inventory is based on surveys from 2012 to 2020, with previously unreported findings since 2016. Habitat specificity and species-specific ecology are reported where available with a focused comparison of coral reef habitats and deeper soft-sediment habitats. The findings contribute 90 new species records for Thai waters (92 for the Gulf of Thailand) and report a remarkable consistency in the proportional diversity found to be exclusive to one habitat type or another. Additionally, taxonomic remarks are provided for species documented from Koh Tao that have not been discussed in past literature from Thailand, and a summary of previous records in the Indo-West Pacific is given.

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Research Article Wed, 9 Jun 2021 23:00:48 +0300
A report of a new species and new record of Cadlina (Nudibranchia, Cadlinidae) from South Korea https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/54602/ ZooKeys 996: 1-18

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.996.54602

Authors: Thinh Dinh Do, Dae-Wui Jung, Hyun-Jong Kil, Chang-Bae Kim

Abstract: Of the four species in the genus Cadlina present in the northwestern Pacific region, C. japonica has been the only species recorded from South Korea. For the purpose of investigating Cadlina in Korean waters, specimens were collected from the Korean East Sea (Sea of Japan) by scuba diving. The radula and morphology of these specimens were examined by stereoscopic and scanning electron microscopy. Based on morphology, three species were identified in Korean waters, including the new species, Cadlina koreana sp. nov., C. umiushi (first record in South Korea), and C. japonica. Cadlina koreana sp. nov. somewhat resembles C. umiushi but differs in both its morphology as well as the structure of its radula. The background color of Cadlina koreana sp. nov. is translucent white, tubercles on the dorsum are opaque white and the yellow marginal band is absent. The radular formula of Cadlina koreana sp. nov. is 57 × 23.1.23 with a rectangular rachidian tooth. In addition, mitochondrial cytochrome c subunit 1 (COI), 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA), and nuclear 28S ribosomal RNA (28S rRNA) gene sequences were generated and used for analysis of Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD) and reconstruction of the phylogenetic tree. Morphological distinction and genetic analyses confirm that three Cadlina species are present in Korean waters of which Cadlina koreana is a new species.

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Research Article Tue, 24 Nov 2020 19:57:49 +0200
Fine-scale species delimitation: speciation in process and periodic patterns in nudibranch diversity https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/47444/ ZooKeys 917: 15-50

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.917.47444

Authors: Tatiana Korshunova, Klas Malmberg, Jakov Prkić, Alen Petani, Karin Fletcher, Kennet Lundin, Alexander Martynov

Abstract: Using the nudibranch genus Amphorina as a model, ongoing speciation is demonstrated, as well as how periodic-like patterns in colouration can be included in an integrated method of fine-scale species delimitation. By combining several methods, including BPP analysis and the study of molecular, morphological, and ecological data from a large number of specimens within a broad geographic range from northern Europe to the Mediterranean, five species are recognised within the genus Amphorina, reviewed here for the first time. Two new species from the southwestern coast of Sweden are described, A. viriola sp. nov. and A. andra sp. nov. Evidence is provided of a recent speciation process between the two closely related, yet separate, species which inhabit the same geographic localities but demonstrate strict water depth differentiation, with one species inhabiting the shallow brackish top layer above the halocline and the other species inhabiting the underlying saltier water. The results presented here are of relevance for currently debated issues such as conservation in relation to speciation, fine species delimitation, and integration of molecular, morphological and ecological information in biodiversity studies. The periodic approach to biological taxonomy has considerable practical potential for various organismal groups.

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Research Article Mon, 9 Mar 2020 02:11:20 +0200
Phestilla subodiosus sp. nov. (Nudibranchia, Trinchesiidae), a corallivorous pest species in the aquarium trade https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/35278/ ZooKeys 909: 1-24

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.909.35278

Authors: Adam Wang, Inga Elizabeth Conti-Jerpe, John Lawrence Richards, David Michael Baker

Abstract: Phestilla subodiosus sp. nov. (Nudibranchia: Trinchesiidae) is a novel species that feeds on corals in the genus Montipora (Scleractinia: Acroporidae) which are economically important in the aquarium industry. Nuclear-encoded H3, 28SC1-C2, and mitochondrial-encoded COI and 16S markers were sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis, Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery (ABGD), morphological data, and feeding specialization all support the designation of Phestilla subodiosus sp. nov. as a distinct species. Although new to science, Phestilla subodiosus sp. nov. had been extensively reported by aquarium hobbyists as a prolific pest over the past two decades. The species fell into a well-studied genus, which could facilitate research into its control in reef aquaria. Our phylogenetic analysis also revealed Tenellia chaetopterana formed a well-supported clade with Phestilla. Based upon a literature review, its original morphological description, and our phylogenetic hypothesis, we reclassified this species as Phestilla chaetopterana comb. nov.

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Research Article Wed, 5 Feb 2020 01:16:42 +0200
The extraordinary genus Myja is not a tergipedid, but related to the Facelinidae s. str. with the addition of two new species from Japan (Mollusca, Nudibranchia) https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/30477/ ZooKeys 818: 89-116

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.818.30477

Authors: Alexander Martynov, Rahul Mehrotra, Suchana Chavanich, Rie Nakano, Sho Kashio, Kennet Lundin, Bernard Picton, Tatiana Korshunova

Abstract: Morphological and molecular data are presented for the first time in an integrative way for the genus Myja Bergh, 1896. In accordance with the new molecular phylogenies, the traditional Facelinidae is paraphyletic. Herein is presented the phylogenetic placement of true Facelinidae s. str., including the first molecular data for F. auriculata (Müller, 1776), type species of the genus Facelina Alder & Hancock, 1855. The taxonomic history of F. auriculata is reviewed. The genus Myja is related to the clade Facelinidae s. str., but shows disparate morphological traits. Two new species of the genus Myja, M. karin sp. n., and M. hyotan sp. n., are described from the Pacific waters of Japan (middle Honshu), and M. cf. longicornis Bergh, 1896 is investigated from Thailand. According to molecular analysis and review of available morphological information, the genus Myja contains more hidden diversity. The family-level relationship within aeolidacean nudibranchs with emphasis on the family Facelinidae is outlined. The problem of the relationship between Facelinidae Bergh, 1889 and Glaucidae Gray, 1827 is discussed. The family Glaucidae has precedence over Facelinidae and is phylogenetically related to the core group of Facelinidae s. str., but has a profoundly modified aberrant external morphology, thus making a purely molecular-based approach to the taxonomy an unsatisfactory solution. To accommodate recently discovered hidden diversity within glaucids, the genus Glaucilla Bergh, 1861 is restored. The family Facelinidae s. str. is separate from, and not closely related to, a clade containing the genera Dondice Marcus, 1958, Godiva MacNae 1954, Hermissenda Bergh, 1879, and Phyllodesmium Ehrenberg, 1831 (= Myrrhine Bergh, 1905). The oldest valid available name for the separate ex-facelinid paraphyletic clade that contains several facelinid genera is Myrrhinidae Bergh, 1905, and resurrection of this family name under provision of the ICZN article 40.1 can preliminarily solve the problem of paraphyly of the traditional Facelinidae. “Facelinidae” s. l. needs to be further divided into several separate families, pending further study.

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Research Article Wed, 23 Jan 2019 13:36:23 +0200
Red Sea Opisthobranchia 5: new species and new records of chromodorids from the Red Sea (Heterobranchia, Nudibranchia, Chromodorididae) https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/26378/ ZooKeys 770: 9-42

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.770.26378

Authors: Nathalie Yonow

Abstract: This is the fifth publication describing species of sea slug heterobranchs, originally based on collections from the Red Sea by the author on four expeditions carried out in 1983 and 1990, with the addition of specimens subsequently collected by underwater photographers who were stimulated by the book "Sea Slugs of the Red Sea". So much material has been amassed that only the new species and new Red Sea records of chromodorids are described in this paper, with an appendix listing specimens of previously recorded species. Three new species are described in detail and illustrated, belonging to three different genera: Doriprismatica kyanomarginata sp. n., Glossodoris kahlbrocki sp. n., and Goniobranchus pseudodecorus sp. n. One western Pacific species is recorded for the first time in the Red Sea, Goniobranchus collingwoodi (Rudman, 1987). The nomenclature of Verconia sudanica is discussed and stabilised.

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Research Article Wed, 4 Jul 2018 14:36:15 +0300
Corrigenda: Polyphyly of the traditional family Flabellinidae affects a major group of Nudibranchia: aeolidacean taxonomic reassessment with descriptions of several new families, genera, and species (Mollusca, Gastropoda). https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.717.21885 https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/23022/ ZooKeys 725: 139-141

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.725.23022

Authors: Tatiana Korshunova, Alexander Martynov, Torkild Bakken, Jussi Evertsen, Karin Fletcher, I Wayan Mudianta, Hirorshi Saito, Kennet Lundin, Michael Schrödl, Bernard Picton

Abstract: Corrigenda

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Corrigendum Fri, 29 Dec 2017 18:01:01 +0200
Polyphyly of the traditional family Flabellinidae affects a major group of Nudibranchia: aeolidacean taxonomic reassessment with descriptions of several new families, genera, and species (Mollusca, Gastropoda) https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/21885/ ZooKeys 717: 1-139

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.717.21885

Authors: Tatiana Korshunova, Alexander Martynov, Torkild Bakken, Jussi Evertsen, Karin Fletcher, I Wayan Mudianta, Hirorshi Saito, Kennet Lundin, Michael Schrödl, Bernard Picton

Abstract: The Flabellinidae, a heterogeneous assembly of supposedly plesiomorphic to very derived sea slug groups, have not yet been addressed by integrative studies. Here novel material of rarely seen Arctic taxa as well as North Atlantic, North and South Pacific, and tropical Indo-West Pacific flabellinid species is investigated morpho-anatomically and with multi-locus markers (partial COI, 16S rDNA, 28S rDNA and H3) which were generated and analysed in a comprehensive aeolid taxon sampling. It was found that the current family Flabellinidae is polyphyletic and its phylogeny and taxonomic patterns cannot be understood without considering members from all the Aeolidacean families and, based on a robust phylogenetic hypothesis, morpho-anatomical evolution of aeolids is more complex than suspected in earlier works and requires reclassification of the taxon. Morphological diversity of Flabellinidae is corroborated by molecular divergence rates and supports establishing three new families (Apataidaefam. n., Flabellinopsidaefam. n., Samlidaefam. n.), 16 new genera, 13 new species, and two new subspecies among the former Flabellinidae. Two families, namely Coryphellidae and Paracoryphellidae, are restored and traditional Flabellinidae is considerably restricted. The distinctness of the recently described family Unidentiidae is confirmed by both morphological and molecular data. Several species complexes among all ex-“Flabellinidae” lineages are recognised using both morphological and molecular data. The present study shows that Facelinidae and Aeolidiidae, together with traditional “Tergipedidae”, deeply divide traditional “Flabellinidae.” Diagnoses for all aeolidacean families are therefore provided and additionally two new non-flabellinid families (Abronicidaefam. n. and Murmaniidaefam. n.) within traditional tergipedids are established to accommodate molecular and morphological disparity. To address relationships and disparity, we propose a new family system for aeolids. Here the aeolidacean species are classified into at least 102 genera and 24 families. Operational rules for integration of morphological and molecular data for taxonomy are suggested.

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Research Article Thu, 30 Nov 2017 20:21:45 +0200
Morphological and molecular evidence indicate Dendronotus primorjensis is a valid species that has priority over D. dudkai (Nudibranchia) https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/10231/ ZooKeys 634: 15-28

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.634.10231

Authors: Tatiana A. Korshunova, Nadezhda P. Sanamyan, Alexander V. Martynov

Abstract: Morphological and molecular data of type material of the nudibranch mollusc Dendronotus primorjensis Martynov, Sanamyan, Korshunova, 2015 from the Sea of Japan are summarised and compared with those of D. dudkai Ekimova, Schepetov, Chichvarkhina, Chichvarkhin, 2016. The clear conclusion is that the latter is a junior synonym of Dendronotus primorjensis.

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Research Article Mon, 21 Nov 2016 18:08:19 +0200
Two new species and a remarkable record of the genus Dendronotus from the North Pacific and Arctic oceans (Nudibranchia) https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/10397/ ZooKeys 630: 19-42

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.630.10397

Authors: Tatiana Korshunova, Nadezhda Sanamyan, Olga Zimina, Karin Fletcher, Alexander Martynov

Abstract: Two new species of the nudibranch genus Dendronotus, D. arcticus sp. n. and D. robilliardi sp. n., are described from the Arctic and North Pacific oceans respectively, based on morphological and molecular data, and the North Pacific D. albus is revealed to be a species complex. The species D. robilliardi sp. n. is described from the northwestern Pacific (Kamchatka) differing from the northeastern Pacific D. albus by molecular and morphological data. The synonymy of D. diversicolor with D. albus is confirmed by analysis of their original descriptions. An endemic Arctic species D. arcticus sp. n. is also described here, differing substantially from all species of the genus Dendronotus using morphological and molecular data. An unusual record of the recently described D. kamchaticus Ekimova, Korshunova, Schepetov, Neretina, Sanamyan, Martynov, 2015 is also presented, the first from the northeastern Pacific, geographically separated from the type locality of this species in the northwestern Pacific by a distance ca. 6000 km; molecular data show them to belong to the same species.

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Research Article Wed, 9 Nov 2016 01:47:52 +0200
Phylogenetic relationships within the Phyllidiidae (Opisthobranchia, Nudibranchia) https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/7136/ ZooKeys 605: 1-35

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.605.7136

Authors: Bart E.M.W. Stoffels, Sancia E.T. van der Meij, Bert W. Hoeksema, Joris van Alphen, Theo van Alen, María Angélica Meyers-Muñoz, Nicole J. De Voogd, Yosephine Tuti, Gerard van der Velde

Abstract: The Phyllidiidae (Gastropoda, Heterobranchia, Nudibranchia) is a family of colourful nudibranchs found on Indo-Pacific coral reefs. Despite the abundant and widespread occurrence of many species, their phylogenetic relationships are not well known. The present study is the first contribution to fill the gap in our knowledge on their phylogeny by combining morphological and molecular data. For that purpose 99 specimens belonging to 16 species were collected at two localities in Indonesia. They were photographed and used to make a phylogeny reconstruction based on newly obtained cytochrome oxidase subunit (COI) sequences as well as sequence data from GenBank. All mitochondrial 16S sequence data available from GenBank were used in a separate phylogeny reconstruction to obtain information for species we did not collect. COI data allowed the distinction of the genera and species, whereas the 16S data gave a mixed result with respect to the genera Phyllidia and Phyllidiella. Specimens which could be ascribed to species level based on their external morphology and colour patterns showed low variation in COI sequences, but there were two exceptions: three specimens identified as Phyllidia cf. babai represent two to three different species, while Phyllidiella pustulosa showed highly supported subclades. The barcoding marker COI also confirms that the species boundaries in morphologically highly variable species such as Phyllidia elegans, P. varicosa, and Phyllidiopsis krempfi, are correct as presently understood. In the COI as well as the 16S cladogram Phyllidiopsis cardinalis was located separately from all other Phyllidiidae, whereas Phyllidiopsis fissuratus was positioned alone from the Phyllidiella species by COI data only. Future studies on phyllidiid systematics should continue to combine morphological information with DNA sequences to obtain a clearer insight in their phylogeny.

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Research Article Thu, 14 Jul 2016 10:54:11 +0300