Latest Articles from ZooKeys Latest 100 Articles from ZooKeys https://zookeys.pensoft.net/ Fri, 29 Mar 2024 10:17:31 +0200 Pensoft FeedCreator https://zookeys.pensoft.net/i/logo.jpg Latest Articles from ZooKeys https://zookeys.pensoft.net/ First amphibious Crinocheta (Isopoda, Oniscidea) from the Neotropics with a troglobitic status: a relictual distribution https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/114230/ ZooKeys 1192: 9-27

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1192.114230

Authors: Carlos Mario López-Orozco, Ivanklin Soares Campos-Filho, Livia Medeiros Cordeiro, Jonas Eduardo Gallão, Yesenia M. Carpio-Díaz, Ricardo Borja-Arrieta, Maria Elina Bichuette

Abstract: The first freshwater amphibian representative of Crinocheta (Oniscidea) from the Neotropics is described from caves within the Brazilian Cerrado biome, state of Mato Grosso do Sul. Kadiweuoniscus rebellis gen. et sp. nov. is placed in the family Philosciidae. The present work represents a significant contribution to future studies seeking to understand the ecological and evolutionary processes of Crinocheta within the Neotropical region. Moreover, it highlights the importance of biodiversity surveys in subterranean environments toward effective conservation efforts of these unique habitats and their surroundings.

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Research Article Mon, 19 Feb 2024 16:32:21 +0200
Phylogenetic relationships, distribution, and conservation of Roosmalens’ dwarf porcupine, Coendou roosmalenorum Voss & da Silva, 2001 (Rodentia, Erethizontidae) https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/108766/ ZooKeys 1179: 139-155

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1179.108766

Authors: Fernando Heberson Menezes, Thiago Borges Fernandes Semedo, Juliane Saldanha, Guilherme Siniciato Terra Garbino, Hugo Fernandes-Ferreira, Pedro Cordeiro-Estrela, Itayguara Ribeiro da Costa

Abstract: The New World porcupines of the genus Coendou comprise 16 species of arboreal nocturnal rodents. Some of these species are poorly known and have not been included in phylogenetic analyses. Based on recently collected specimens with associated tissue from the Brazilian Amazonia, we investigate the distribution and phylogenetic relationships of Roosmalens’ dwarf porcupine, Coendou roosmalenorum, using an integrative approach using mitochondrial gene sequences and morphological data from new specimens and localities. Our results recovered C. roosmalenorum in the subgenus Caaporamys. However, analyses of our molecular and combined datasets produced different topologies. The new record shows the presence of C. roosmalenorum 480 km to the southeast of the Rio Madeira and 95 km away from Rio Juruena in Mato Grosso state, indicating a wider distribution in southern Amazonia than suspected. All known records of C. roosmalenorum are in the Madeira biogeographical province, to which it might be endemic.

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Research Article Mon, 11 Sep 2023 10:11:54 +0300
Rediscovery of Histiotus alienus Thomas, 1916 a century after its description (Chiroptera, Vespertilionidae): distribution extension and redescription https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/108553/ ZooKeys 1174: 273-287

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1174.108553

Authors: Vinícius C. Cláudio, Brunna Almeida, Roberto L. M. Novaes, Marcos A. Navarro, Liliani M. Tiepolo, Ricardo Moratelli

Abstract: Histiotus is a Neotropical genus of bat that currently includes 11 species. The systematics of Histiotus has been the focus of several studies over the last decades. However, no broad systematic revision has been made, and taxonomic issues such as synonymies, use of subspecies, and specimens that do not fit the description of valid species still persist, as pointed out by several authors. Histiotus alienus was described in 1916 and is known only by the holotype. Here we present a second record of H. alienus and an amended diagnosis of this species. We use qualitative, quantitative, and morphometric analyses based on data from 184 specimens of Histiotus and almost all valid species. Our amended diagnosis establishes the taxonomic limits of H. alienus, as well as a comprehensive comparison with congeners. We also explore new diagnostic characters for H. alienus and provide a few notes on the natural history of this species. Our results highlight skull similarities among Histiotus species and reinforce the usefulness of external morphology for their correct identification. Despite our new insights into the taxonomy of the genus, several taxonomic issues remain, and a comprehensive revision of the genus is needed.

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Research Article Mon, 14 Aug 2023 17:45:08 +0300
A new species of Lumbrineriopsis (Annelida, Eunicida, Lumbrineridae) from southeastern Brazil https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/101059/ ZooKeys 1174: 175-189

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1174.101059

Authors: Nálita Maria Scamparle Teodoro, Tatiana Menchini Steiner, Antonia Cecília Zacagnini Amaral

Abstract: Lumbrineriopsis dulcis sp. nov. is morphologically described from the continental shelf and slope of Espírito Santo and the Campos Basin of Rio de Janeiro state, southeastern Brazil, at depths between 14 and 400 m. Lumbrineriopsis mucronata is the only species of the genus recorded until now in Brazil. The new species differs from other congeneric species in its jaw-apparatus morphology with unfused mandibles and a fixed number of simple limbate chaetae and simple, bidentate, hooded hooks in each parapodium. This paper aims to fill the gap in knowledge on the family Lumbrineridae, which has not been studied in Brazil for the last 25 years and provides the first record of the genus from Espírito Santo and Rio de Janeiro states. This record is significant given the damage to the marine ecosystem of the Espírito Santo region due to the 2015 rupture of the Samarco mining company dam, the largest environmental disaster in Brazil’s history. In addition, this region has important environmental conservation units such as Costa das Algas Environmental Protection Area, Santa Cruz Wildlife Refuge, and Comboios Biological Reserve. All these preserved areas are of paramount importance for the protection of marine biological diversity.

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Research Article Wed, 9 Aug 2023 11:10:33 +0300
Two new species of Sminthurididae (Hexapoda, Collembola, Symphypleona) from Brazil with notes on Denisiella Folsom & Mills and Sphaeridia Linnaniemi https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/106855/ ZooKeys 1173: 1-41

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1173.106855

Authors: Gleyce da Silva Medeiros, Clécio Danilo Dias da Silva, Josemária Silva de França, Nerivânia Nunes Godeiro, Bruno Cavalcante Bellini

Abstract: Two new species of Sminthurididae, Sphaeridia piauiensis Medeiros & Bellini, sp. nov. and Denisiella piracurucaensis Silva, Medeiros & Bellini, sp. nov. from Piaui state, Brazil, are herein described and illustrated. Sphaeridia piauiensis sp. nov. resembles species of the irmleri group, like S. irmleri Bretfeld & Gauer, S. fibulifera Bretfeld & Gauer, and S. peruensis Bretfeld & Schulz, by its complex male ventral tube without asymmetrical structures or medial process. However, it differs from them by the combination of the male tibiotarsus III with a leaf-shaped IIpe chaeta and a regular IIIpi chaeta, ventral tube with 1+1 chaetae, and the absence cuticular hooks on the furca. Denisiella piracurucaensis sp. nov. resembles its congeners without the nasal organ, especially D. colombiana Ospina & Palacios-Vargas, by the presence of spiniform chaetae at least on the second antennal segment of the females, four serrated spines on tibiotarsus III, and the ventral dens chaetotaxy, but D. piracurucaensis sp. nov. differs from the latter especially by the presence of 8+8 eyes and the shape of the male proximal tibiotarsal organ. To describe both species all Neotropical Sphaeridia and all described Denisiella species were surveyed, presenting notes on both genera, comparative tables, and keys for these taxa.

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Research Article Mon, 31 Jul 2023 14:57:16 +0300
Molecular species delimitation and description of a new species of Phenacogaster (Teleostei, Characidae) from the southern Amazon basin https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/102436/ ZooKeys 1164: 1-21

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1164.102436

Authors: Camila S. Souza, George M. T. Mattox, George Vita, Luz E. Ochoa, Bruno F. Melo, Claudio Oliveira

Abstract: Phenacogaster is the most species-rich genus of the subfamily Characinae with 23 valid species broadly distributed in riverine systems of South America. Despite the taxonomic diversity of the genus, little has been advanced about its molecular diversity. A recent molecular phylogeny indicated the presence of undescribed species within Phenacogaster that is formally described here. We sampled 73 specimens of Phenacogaster and sequenced the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene in order to undertake species delimitation analyses and evaluate their intra- and interspecific genetic diversity. The results show the presence of 14 species, 13 of which are valid and one undescribed. The new species is known from the tributaries of the Xingu basin, the Rio das Mortes of the Araguaia basin, and the Rio Teles Pires of the Tapajós basin. It is distinguished by the incomplete lateral line, position of the humeral blotch near the pseudotympanum, and shape of the caudal-peduncle blotch. Meristic data and genetic differentiation relative to other Phenacogaster species represent strong evidence for the recognition of the new species and highlight the occurrence of an additional lineage of P. franciscoensis.

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Research Article Fri, 26 May 2023 10:59:15 +0300
Performance of intron 7 of the β-fibrinogen gene for phylogenetic analysis: An example using gladiator frogs, Boana Gray, 1825 (Anura, Hylidae, Cophomantinae) https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/85627/ ZooKeys 1149: 145-169

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1149.85627

Authors: Ruth Amanda Estupiñán, Sávio Torres de Farias, Evonnildo Costa Gonçalves, Mauricio Camargo, Maria Paula Cruz Schneider

Abstract: Boana, the third largest genus of Hylinae, has cryptic morphological species. The potential applicability of b-fibrinogen intron 7 – FGBI7 is explored to propose a robust phylogeny of Boana. The phylogenetic potential of FGBI7 was evaluated using maximum parsimony, MrBayes, and maximum likelihood analysis. Comparison of polymorphic sites and topologies obtained with concatenated analysis of FGBI7 and other nuclear genes (CXCR4, CXCR4, RHO, SIAH1, TYR, and 28S) allowed evaluation of the phylogenetic signal of FGBI7. Mean evolutionary rates were calculated using the sequences of the mitochondrial genes ND1 and CYTB available for Boana in GenBank. Dating of Boana and some of its groups was performed using the RelTime method with secondary calibration. FGBI7 analysis revealed high values at informative sites for parsimony. The absolute values of the mean evolutionary rate were higher for mitochondrial genes than for FGBI7. Dating of congruent Boana groups for ND1, CYTB, and FGBI7 revealed closer values between mitochondrial genes and slightly different values from those of FGBI7. Divergence times of basal groups tended to be overestimated when mtDNA was used and were more accurate when nDNA was used. Although there is evidence of phylogenetic potential arising from concatenation of specific genes, FGBI7 provides well-resolved independent gene trees. These results lead to a paradigm for linking data in phylogenomics that focuses on the uniqueness of species histories and ignores the multiplicities of individual gene histories.

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Research Article Wed, 22 Feb 2023 19:54:43 +0200
A new species of the genus Liotyphlops Peters, 1881 (Serpentes, Anomalepididae) from Colombia and the synonymization of Liotyphlops beui (Amaral, 1924) with Liotyphlops ternetzii (Boulenger, 1896) https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/94607/ ZooKeys 1146: 87-114

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1146.94607

Authors: Fidélis Júnio Marra Santos

Abstract: A new species of Liotyphlops Peters, 1881, Liotyphlops palauophis sp. nov., is described from the neighborhoods of Bogota, Colombia from a previous syntype of L. anops, and a lectotype is designated for the latter species. The new species is readily distinguished from congeners by having the frontal scale divided (vs single), and a central foramen in the parabasisphenoid (vs foramen absent). High-resolution x-ray computed tomography (HRXCT) was used to study and present data on the skull of the holotype of the new species, the lectotype of L. anops, and the holotype of L. ternetzii. Additionally, extensive study of skull characters and external morphology failed to find diagnostic characters to differentiate L. beui and L. ternetzii, and the former is here considered a junior synonym of L. ternetzii, which is also redescribed.

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Research Article Tue, 7 Feb 2023 17:46:13 +0200
New species and new records of Monohelea Kieffer (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) from Brazil https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/86680/ ZooKeys 1136: 175-185

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1136.86680

Authors: Maria Clara Alves Santarém, Erick Aragão Cardoso, Israel de Souza Pinto, Maria Luiza Felippe-Bauer

Abstract: Two new Brazilian species of Monohelea Kieffer are described and illustrated based on male specimens, Monohelea capixaba sp. nov. from Espírito Santo and Monohelea coimbrai sp. nov. from Rio de Janeiro. New records for M. aguirrei Tavares & Souza, M. archibaldoi Tavares & Souza and M. maculipennis (Coquillet) are given based on specimens from Espírito Santo (all three species) and Amapá (M. maculipennis only). All specimens are deposited in the Ceratopogonidae Collection of Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Brazil.

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Research Article Mon, 19 Dec 2022 15:40:41 +0200
Penile shape discriminates two cryptic species of Akodon Meyen, 1833 (Mammalia, Rodentia, Cricetidae) from eastern Brazil https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/89587/ ZooKeys 1134: 1-22

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1134.89587

Authors: Leonardo Campana, Letícia Rosário Cruz, Roberta Paresque, Valéria Fagundes

Abstract: Glans penis morphology has been used as a powerful tool in mammal taxonomy to differentiate cryptic species. Neotropical rodent species Akodon cursor and A. montensis are cryptic, and interspecific hybrids are like their parental species. We investigated non-metric and metric phallic characters aiming to differentiate A. cursor from A. montensis. We also evaluated the parental species’ influence of the phallic characters on hybrids. We analysed 96 male adults—56 A. cursor, 27 A. montensis, and 13 hybrids, subgrouping species by locality and hybrids by parental species (paternal vs maternal). We verified that A. cursor and A. montensis are distinguishable by penile-shape morphology: A. cursor has an elongated penile form with a flare in the distal portion and A. montensis has a barrel-shaped form. Also, dark spots in ventral view, if present in A. montensis, distinguish A. montensis from A. cursor. Although the non-metric characters differentiate the species, they do not distinguish the subgroups of A. cursor, A. montensis, and hybrids. The metric phallic characters indicated a significant difference between species and hybrids. These characters also differentiate the population groups of A. cursor. However, A. montensis subgroups and hybrids subgroups did not present a significant difference. This study shows the importance of penis morphology in the taxonomy of the cryptic rodent species A. cursor and A. montensis, representing a powerful tool to discriminate male specimens in mammal collections without karyotyping or sequencing, even though the specimens occurred in sympatric areas. Since most taxidermy protocols do not preserve the penis in mammal preparations, liquid preservation of some specimens or the removal of the penis before taxidermy for liquid preservation could be beneficial. We also recommend the organisation in museum collections of a penis bank for the A. cursor species group (or even all rodent species) to avoid losing this important information for species identification.

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Research Article Mon, 5 Dec 2022 15:51:55 +0200
New species and illustrated key of Macraspis (Scarabaeidae, Rutelinae, Rutelini) from the Amazon biome of Brazil https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/91156/ ZooKeys 1124: 161-189

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1124.91156

Authors: Matheus Bento, Mary Liz Jameson, Matthias Seidel

Abstract: The phytophagous scarab genus Macraspis MacLeay (Scarabaeidae, Rutelinae, Rutelini) is reviewed from the Brazilian Amazon region. Three new species are described and illustrated from the states of Amazonas, Pará, and Rondônia: M. buehrnheimi sp. nov., M. opala sp. nov., and M. phallocardia sp. nov. Two species, Macraspis fernandezi Neita-Moreno and M. oblonga Burmeister, are recorded for the first time in Brazil (new country records). Macraspis maculata crosarai Soula is a new synonym of Macraspis maculata Burmeister; hence this species no longer includes subspecies. Furthermore, Macraspis cincta parensis Soula, 2005 is deemed unavailable under the provisions of ICZN Articles 16.4.1 and 16.4.2. An illustrated key to 15 species and subspecies of Macraspis from the Brazilian Amazon enables identification of this speciose leaf chafer genus.

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Research Article Mon, 17 Oct 2022 15:41:52 +0300
Caddisflies (Trichoptera) checklist and a new species of Helicopsyche von Siebold, 1856, from the Brejo de Altitude de Triunfo, a relict rainforest within the Caatinga domain, Northeast Brazil https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/77541/ ZooKeys 1111: 215-244

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1111.77541

Authors: Amanda Cavalcante-Silva, Rafael Pereira, Adolfo Ricardo Calor

Abstract: Brejos de Altitude are evergreen seasonal forests, associated with plateau regions in the middle of the Caatinga domain in Northeast Brazil, which possibly acted as biological corridors between the Atlantic Forest and the Amazon rainforest during the Pleistocene. The first entomological survey in the highest point in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil, the Brejo de Altitude de Triunfo, was implemented and resulted in a checklist of caddisflies with six families, nine genera, and eleven species, including a new species. Helicopsyche ralphi sp. nov. is described and illustrated, based on all semaphoronts. A key to Brazilian Helicopsyche (Feropsyche) Johanson, 1998 species is also provided. In addition to the caddisfly survey in the Brejos de Altitude, the results include new records for the state, region, and also for the country. Thus, this study updates the number of species in the Brazilian Northeast region and Pernambuco state to 169 species and 43 species, respectively.

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Research Article Mon, 11 Jul 2022 20:00:04 +0300
A new species of Chryxus Champion, with taxonomic notes on other species of the genus (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Reduviidae, Chryxinae) https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/79411/ ZooKeys 1104: 159-175

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1104.79411

Authors: Hélcio R. Gil-Santana, John M. Leavengood Jr., Jean-Michel Bérenger, David dos Santos Martins, Jader Oliveira

Abstract: Chryxus garcetebarretti sp. nov. from Paraguay is described, taxonomical notes on C. bahianus Gil-Santana, Costa & Marques, 2007 and C. tomentosus Champion, 1899 are provided; the latter species is recorded from French Guiana for the first time; a redescription of the genus Chryxus Champion, 1899 and an updated key for the genera and species of Chryxinae are presented.

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Research Article Tue, 14 Jun 2022 17:42:13 +0300
Expanding the knowledge on the diversity of the cavernicolous Styloniscidae Vandel, 1952 (Oniscidea, Synocheta) from Brazil, with descriptions of two new species from the semiarid karst regions https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/79043/ ZooKeys 1101: 35-55

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1101.79043

Authors: Ivanklin Soares Campos-Filho, Jéssica S. Gallo, Jonas E. Gallão, Dayana F. Torres, Yesenia M. Carpio-Díaz, Carlos Mario López-Orozco, Ricardo Borja-Arrieta, Stefano Taiti, Maria Elina Bichuette

Abstract: Two new species of Pectenoniscus from two caves in karst areas of the Brazilian semiarid region are described. Pectenoniscus pankaru Campos-Filho, Torres & Bichuette, sp. nov. from Gruna do Govi cave, Serra do Ramalho karst area, state of Bahia, and Pectenoniscus fervens Campos-Filho, Taiti & Bichuette, sp. nov. from Toca Coroa do Frade cave, Barra Bonita karst area, state of Piauí. In addition, specimens of Cylindroniscus flaviae from Gruta da Tapagem (= Caverna do Diabo), Açungui karst area were also recorded. An updated diagnosis of Pectenoniscus and a distribution map of the species examined herein are given.

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Research Article Wed, 18 May 2022 19:46:28 +0300
Embioptera (Insecta) from Brazil: New species and a taxonomic update https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/72910/ ZooKeys 1088: 129-171

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1088.72910

Authors: Claudia Szumik, Verónica Pereyra, Victoria E. Goloboff Szumik, Paula Jéssica Costa-Pinto, María Laura Juárez

Abstract: Eight new species of Embioptera from Brazil are described, diagnosed, and illustrated. For Anisembiidae: Chelicerca achilata Szumik, Pereyra & Juárez, sp. nov.; Saussurembia borba Szumik, Pereyra & Juárez, sp. nov. For Archembiidae: Archembia oruma Szumik, sp. nov.; Embolyntha oriximina Szumik, Pereyra & Juárez, sp. nov.; Pararhagadochir bonita Szumik, Pereyra & Juárez, sp. nov., Pararhagadochir marielleae Szumik, Pereyra & Juárez, sp. nov.; Pararhagadochir para Szumik, Pereyra & Juárez, sp. nov. For Clothodidae: Chromatoclothoda langa Szumik, Pereyra & Juárez, sp. nov. To clarify the higher classification of the Order and to have an accurate taxonomy, a species catalog and introduction to the four families present in Brazil is also detailed, including phylogenetic relationships, taxonomic actions, composition, distributions, and records maps. Herein, several taxonomic acts are proposed: (1) the synonymy of Chelicerca Ross (= Dactylocerca Ross confirmed junior synonym; = Schizembia Ross syn nov.; = Pelorembia Ross, confirmed junior synonym; = Cryptembia Ross, syn. nov.) and Saussurembia Davis (= Stenembia Ross, syn. nov.). (2) new status and delimitation for family Archembiidae Ross, stat. rev.; subfamily Archembiinae Ross, stat. rev.; subfamily Pachylembiinae stat. rev.; subfamily Scelembiinae stat. rev., and their genera included. (3) Diradius unicolor (Ross) (Teratembiidae) comb. nov., and (4) new locality records for previously cited species in the region.

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Research Article Thu, 10 Mar 2022 10:10:16 +0200
Bringing order to a complex system: phenotypic and genotypic evidence contribute to the taxonomy of Tityus (Scorpiones, Buthidae) and support the description of a new species https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/67459/ ZooKeys 1075: 33-75

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1075.67459

Authors: Jairo A. Moreno-González, Ricardo Pinto-da-Rocha, Jonas E. Gallão

Abstract: We present a molecular phylogenetic analysis including a survey for overlooked phenotypic characters. Based on both analysis and characters a new cave-dwelling species is described: Tityus (Tityus) spelaeus sp. nov. from the Russão II cave, Posse, state of Goiás, Central Brazil. Characters such as the glandular regions of the female pectinal basal piece and basal middle lamellae of pectines, and the distribution of the ventral setae of telotarsi I–IV proved to be useful to constructing the taxonomy of species and species groups of Tityus. The new species is a member of the Tityus trivittatus species-group of Tityus (Tityus) and can be readily recognized by the immaculate coloration pattern and the more developed glandular region on the female pectinal basal piece. In addition, we provide a discussion of the phylogenetic relationships observed within Tityus, on the relevance of the new phenotypic characters to the modern taxonomy of the genus Tityus, and to the records of Brazilian cave scorpions.

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Research Article Tue, 7 Dec 2021 11:09:32 +0200
Amphibians and reptiles of the Atlantic Forest in Recôncavo Baiano, east Brazil: Cruz das Almas municipality https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/62982/ ZooKeys 1060: 125-153

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1060.62982

Authors: Arielson S. Protázio, Airan S. Protázio, Larissa S. Silva, Lennise C. Conceição, Hugo S. N. Braga, Uilton G. Santos, André C. Ribeiro, Amanda C. Almeida, Vívian Gama, Marcos V. S. A. Vieira, Tiago A. F. Silva

Abstract: A list of amphibian and reptile species that occur in open and forested areas of the Atlantic Forest in the municipality of Cruz das Almas, in the Recôncavo Baiano, eastern Brazil is presented. Field sampling occurred between January 2015 to March 2019, totalling 117 samples distributed in three areas: Parque Florestal Mata de Cazuzinha, Mata da Cascalheira, and Riacho do Machado. A total of 1,848 individuals of 69 species (31 anurans, 14 lizards, 19 snakes, two amphisbaenians, and three testudines) was recorded. Additionally, one individual of Ophiodes striatus was found in Mata da Cascalheira after the end of sampling, totalling 15 lizard species and 70 herpetofaunal species. The prevalence of open-area species and the presence of Phyllopezus lutzae, Diploglossus lessonae, and Dryadosaura nordestina in interior forest patches are discussed. Additionally, a new record of the invasive terrapin Trachemys dorbigni in the State of Bahia is reported.

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Checklist Tue, 21 Sep 2021 09:19:06 +0300
Composition and natural history of a snake community from the southern Cerrado, southeastern Brazil https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/63733/ ZooKeys 1056: 95-147

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1056.63733

Authors: Bruno F. Fiorillo, Jorge Henry Maciel, Marcio Martins

Abstract: The natural history of a cerrado snake community in a protected area in southeastern Brazil (Santa Bárbara Ecological Station; SBES) is described. A visual guide and an identification key are also provided to assist researchers and local people in identifying snakes in that region. Sampling was performed through pitfall traps, time-constrained search, accidental encounters, and observations by local people for two years, which corresponded to 240 days of sampling. Among the 388 individuals found in the field, 33 snake species belonging to 21 genera of seven families were recorded. Most species were restricted or found at least once in non-forest vegetation types (campo sujo, campo cerrado, and cerrado sensu stricto) and a few were restricted to forest habitats (cerradão). Our results show that most species (1) occupy open areas; (2) present both diurnal and nocturnal activity; (3) are primarily terrestrial; (4) include lizards, mammals and/or anurans in the diet; (5) present seasonal reproductive activity; and (6) use mainly visually oriented defensive tactics. Despite its small size (3,154 ha), the SBES harbours preserved habitats and a rich and typical Cerrado snake fauna, including threatened species. Furthermore, most of the SBES snakes occur in non-forest environments (54%) and some species are sensitive to habitat disturbance.

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Research Article Thu, 19 Aug 2021 17:50:28 +0300
The ichthyofauna of a poorly known area in the middle-southern Espinhaço mountain range, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil: diagnostics and identification keys https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/67554/ ZooKeys 1054: 25-66

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1054.67554

Authors: Sérgio Alexandre dos Santos, Marcelo Ribeiro de Britto

Abstract: Knowledge about the taxonomy and fish composition from the upper rio Paraúna (rio São Francisco basin) and upper rio Santo Antônio (rio Doce basin) in the middle portion of the Southern Espinhaço mountain range, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil is still incipient. Only few studies focusing on ichthyofaunistic diagnostic and species descriptions in the lower stretches of the rio Santo Antônio are available. Herein the aim was to provide a species list of the freshwater ichthyofauna from the headwaters of both basins in such region, and to verify the occurrence of threatened, exotic, and potentially new species. Sixty species were registered, with 34 associated to the upper rio Paraúna, and 40 to the upper rio Santo Antônio. Two species are included in some threatened category, three are exotics, and 14 represent potentially new species. An identification key of the fish species recorded in the area is also provided.

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Research Article Tue, 3 Aug 2021 08:00:03 +0300
Ichthyofauna in the last free-flowing river of the Lower Iguaçu basin: the importance of tributaries for conservation of endemic species https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/63884/ ZooKeys 1041: 183-203

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1041.63884

Authors: Suelen Fernanda Ranucci Pini, Maristela Cavicchioli Makrakis, Mayara Pereira Neves, Sergio Makrakis, Oscar Akio Shibatta, Elaine Antoniassi Luiz Kashiwaqui

Abstract: The fish fauna from the Lower Iguaçu River and tributaries upstream of the Iguaçu Falls, the last free-flowing river stretch, were investigated. Twenty five sites in tributaries and the main channel were sampled between 2010 and 2016 using several kinds of fishing gear. The species were categorized according to their size, origin, and conservation status. Species richness and abundance in the main channel and tributaries were compared. In total, 87,702 specimens were recorded, comprising 76 species, 25 families, 53 genera, and eight orders. Characiformes and Siluriformes were the richest orders, representing 92% of the total specimens; Characidae, Cichlidae, Pimelodidae, and Loricariidae were the richest families. The fish fauna was composed of small and medium-sized species and included endemic (42%), autochthonous (24%), allochthonous (21%), and exotic (9%) species, as well as hybrids (4%). Significant differences in the relative numerical abundance of species were found among sites. Ancistrus mullerae and Rhamdia branneri (endemic) were indicator species for tributaries inside of Iguaçu National Park (INP), while Phalloceros harpagos (autochthonous) and Ictalurus punctatus (exotic) for tributaries outside of INP and Odontesthes bonariensis (allochthonous) for the main channel. The last dam-free stretch of the Lower Iguaçu River and tributaries upstream the Iguaçu Falls exhibits a rich endemic fish fauna, including some rare, endangered species (Steindachneridion melanodermatum, Gymnogeophagus taroba, and Psalidodon gymnogenys). These findings are essential to predict and understand the effects caused by the new Baixo Iguaçu Hydroelectric Power Plant and highlight the importance of tributaries and Iguaçu National Park for conservation of endemic species.

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Checklist Thu, 3 Jun 2021 23:27:40 +0300
Morphological and genetic evidence supports the separation of two Tapinoma ants (Formicidae, Dolichoderinae) from the Atlantic Forest biome https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/59880/ ZooKeys 1033: 35-62

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1033.59880

Authors: Mayron E. Escárraga, John E. Lattke, Marcio R. Pie, Roberto J. Guerrero

Abstract: The taxonomic boundaries of many Neotropical ant species of the genus Tapinoma are still unclear. Tapinoma atriceps and T. atriceps breviscapum are two morphologically similar taxa which occur sympatrically in the southern Atlantic Forest of Brazil. Some characters such as the scape length and head shape suggest that these taxa may be different species. We used DNA analysis and morphological evidence, including scanning electron microscopy, to evaluate the taxonomic validity of these taxa. We found distinct morphological characteristics that allow separating them as two different species, Tapinoma atriceps and Tapinoma breviscapum status novo, and this decision is supported by the DNA results, where Tapinoma atriceps was recovered as a lineage independent of T. breviscapum.

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Research Article Thu, 22 Apr 2021 21:39:07 +0300
Earthworm species in Musa spp. plantations in Brazil and worldwide https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/54331/ ZooKeys 1033: 1-33

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1033.54331

Authors: Marcus Vinicius Cremonesi, Alessandra Santos, Danilo Eduardo Rozane, Marie Luise Carolina Bartz, George Gardner Brown

Abstract: Bananas and plantains are major commodity/food crops that represent an important habitat for earthworms, although so far, no review is available on earthworm communities associated with banana/plantain crops worldwide. The Vale do Ribeira region is among the largest banana producing areas in Brazil, but little is known of the earthworms living there. Hence, the present study assessed earthworm populations and species in three banana plantations and adjacent Atlantic forest fragments along the Ribeira de Iguape River using standard (hand sorting) methodologies. Furthermore, we review earthworm populations reported in banana/plantain plantations worldwide. Only two species (Pontoscolex corethrurus, Amynthas gracilis) belonging to two families (Rhinodrilidae, Megascolecidae) were found in the Ribeira River valley, occurring concurrently. Abundance was low (< 13 indiv. m-2) compared with other banana plantations worldwide, that frequently surpassed 100 indiv. m-2. More than 70 studies reported earthworms from >200 banana plantations in 28 countries, and mean species richness was 2.7 per site, ranging from 1 to 10 species. Exotics predominated in most sites and P. corethrurus was the most prevalent species encountered. Overall, more than 104 species from 10 families were reported, with around 61 native and 43 exotic widespread species, mainly of the Megascolecidae, Lumbricidae and Acanthodrilidae families. Richness was highest in India (27 spp.) and the Canary Islands (25 spp.), but native species dominated only in a few countries and sites, while exotics were prevalent especially in island countries and Brazil. Lower-input practices appear to be important for earthworm communities and banana plantations can have large earthworm populations in some cases, which may be contributing to soil processes and plant production, topics that deserve further attention. However, many important banana-producing countries have not yet been evaluated, so further work is warranted, both in terms of applied ecology and biodiversity.

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Research Article Thu, 22 Apr 2021 12:07:43 +0300
The first two blind troglobitic spiders of the genus Ochyrocera from caves in Floresta Nacional de Carajás, state of Pará, Brazil (Araneae, Ochyroceratidae) https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/62181/ ZooKeys 1031: 143-159

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1031.62181

Authors: Antonio D. Brescovit, Robson de A. Zampaulo, Igor Cizauskas

Abstract: The first two anophthalmic species of spiders of the genus Ochyrocera Simon, 1892, are described for caves located in the iron formation of Floresta Nacional (FLONA) de Carajás in southeastern Pará State, Brazil. The caves are located in the municipalities of Parauapebas and Canaã dos Carajás, in the eastern portion of the Amazon Forest domain. Ochyrocera ritxoco sp. nov. and O. ritxoo sp. nov. are described based on males and females. The species have similar body characteristics with the total absence of eyes and complete depigmentation, characteristics that indicate possible evolution in subterranean environments , and thus are classified as troglobites. Each species is associated with a single geomorphological unit (mountain range), with Ochyrocera ritxoco sp. nov. being restricted to caves of Serra Norte (North Mountain) and O. ritxoo sp. nov. to caves of Serra Sul (South Mountain). Both species were collected in aphotic zones of the caves. Small and tangled webs of O. ritxoco sp. nov. were observed under blocks of stone in the soil or in cracks of the walls.

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Research Article Thu, 15 Apr 2021 10:45:26 +0300
Revision and description of six species of Choeradoplana (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida), with an emendation to the genus https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/59617/ ZooKeys 1016: 1-48

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1016.59617

Authors: Domingo Lago-Barcia, Marcos Santos Silva, Fernando Carbayo

Abstract: Living representatives of the Neotropical genus Choeradoplana Graff, 1896 (Geoplaninae, Tricladida, Platyhelminthes) are easily recognized by the typical shape of the head which is laterally expanded, rolled-up, and ventrally provided with two glandular cushions. In this study, the morphology and phylogeny (cytochrome C oxidase subunit I gene) of several species of land planarians are taxonomically investigated. Four of the six species studied are new to science, namely: Ch. eudoxiae Silva & Carbayo, sp. nov., Ch. claudioi Lago-Barcia & Carbayo, sp. nov., Ch. onae Lago-Barcia & Carbayo, sp. nov., and Ch. riutortae Lago-Barcia & Carbayo, sp. nov. The species Choeradoplana albonigra and Ch. eudoxiae deviate from the usual body shape pattern in that the head does not present lateral expansions nor glandular cushions, becoming indistinguishable from its sister genus Cephaloflexa. Pseudogeoplana tristriata (Schultze & Müller, 1857) is also redescribed from a newly collected specimen and was discovered to be a member of Choeradoplana. Graff (1899) also studied another specimen that was considered to be conspecific with P. tristriata; however, in this new it is concluded that it is not conspecific but rather a new species. The name Pseudogeoplana aevipandemiae Lago-Barcia & Carbayo, sp. nov. is suggested for Graff’s specimen.

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Research Article Thu, 11 Feb 2021 17:57:27 +0200
Snakes of the Pernambuco Endemism Center, Brazil: diversity, natural history and conservation https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/50997/ ZooKeys 1002: 115-158

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1002.50997

Authors: Rafaela C. França, Mayara Morais, Frederico G. R. França, Dennis Rödder, Mirco Solé

Abstract: The Atlantic Forest is one of the largest and richest tropical rainforests on the planet, being one of the 25 world priorities for conservation. The Atlantic Forest portion located north of the São Francisco River corresponds to the Pernambuco Endemism Center (PEC). We describe the snake composition of the PEC, providing information about the diversity, natural history and geographical distribution of the species, based on records from five scientific collections and additional information from the literature. A total of 78 species of snakes distributed in eight families was registered in the Pernambuco Endemism Center. The Caatinga is the Brazilian biome that most shares species with the PEC, followed by Cerrado. On the other hand, seven species are considered endemic of this region. Most of the snake species in the PEC have been registered in forest (94.8%), followed by “Brejos Nordestinos” (46.1%), Tabuleiros (43.5%), Restingas (14.1%) and Mangroves (5.1%). The PEC snake fauna includes mainly terrestrial species (60.2%) and cryptozoic and/or fossorial species (21.7%), but also presents a high richness of semi-arboreal and arboreal species (29.5%). Vertebrates are the main food item consumed by the species (78% of species), among the main prey are mammals, lizards, and amphibians. Most species show a strictly nocturnal activity period (50%), followed by strictly diurnal (38%). The PEC is the most degraded and least known region of the Atlantic Forest, yet it has revealed a high richness of snake species, including seven endemic species. It is emphasized that regional conservation efforts need to be intensified, because few forests in the region are formally protected, and the majority consist of small and poorly protected fragments, which means that many species in the region may be in risk of extinction.

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Research Article Thu, 10 Dec 2020 12:54:49 +0200
Amphibians and reptiles of Parque Nacional da Serra das Lontras: an important center of endemism within the Atlantic Forest in southern Bahia, Brazil https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/53988/ ZooKeys 1002: 159-185

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1002.53988

Authors: Omar Rojas-Padilla, Vinícius Queiroz Menezes, Iuri Ribeiro Dias, Antônio Jorge Suzart Argôlo, Mirco Solé, Victor Goyannes Dill Orrico

Abstract: Information gaps about species distribution hamper the evaluation of conservation status and decisions on biodiversity conservation, affecting to a greater extent, areas with high species richness and endemism. In this context, biological inventories are an important tool to fill these gaps by providing data on the composition, richness, and abundance of species in each locality. The Parque Nacional da Serra das Lontras (PNSL) protects various mountain range just up 1000 m. in altitude, and, together with other conservation units, forms an ecological corridor in the southern part of the state of Bahia, within the Atlantic Forest hotspot. We conducted systematic samplings on transects, and opportunistic records in ponds and streams, in order to record amphibian and reptile species in the PNSL. We complement the sampling with the information available in the literature and in scientific collections. A total of 100 species (49 amphibians and 51 reptiles) was recorded, 53 of them endemic to the Atlantic Forest, 13 to the state of Bahia, and two known only from the PNSL. Hylidae was the most diverse family of amphibians (22 spp.) and Colubridae of reptiles (33 spp.). New information on the distribution and natural history of these species is provided, many of which have not yet been assessed by the IUCN while others have already been categorized as at risk of extinction at the regional level. Results confirm the high species richness and rates of endemism in southern Bahia and highlight the importance of protecting high altitude areas for the preservation of evolutionary and ecological processes within the Atlantic Forest.

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Checklist Thu, 10 Dec 2020 01:41:17 +0200
Revision of the Megasoma (Megasoma) gyas (Jablonsky in Herbst, 1785) species group (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae) https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/53130/ ZooKeys 999: 109-145

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.999.53130

Authors: Massimo Prandi, Paschoal C. Grossi, Fernando Z. Vaz-de-Mello

Abstract: The taxa of the genus Megasoma Kirby, 1825 (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae) related to M. gyas (Jablonsky in Herbst, 1785) are revised. Megasoma (M.) gyas is recognized as a monotypic species restricted to the Caatinga biome of northeastern Brazil. Megasoma gyas rumbucheri Fischer, 1968, is considered as a new synonym of M. gyas. The “long-horned M. gyas” is recognized as a separate polytypic species M. (M.) typhon (Olivier, 1789) with the nominative subspecies occurring through the Mata Atlântica biome of Brazil, from Bahia to São Paulo states and M. (M.) typhon prandii Milani, 2008 restricted to a small area in the state of Santa Catarina, South Brazil. Megasoma gyas porioni Nagai is considered as a new synonym of M. typhon typhon. The “short-horned M. gyas” occurring in Minas Gerais, São Paulo, and southwestern Bahia, is recognized as a separate new species and described as M. (M.) hyperion sp. nov. The paper includes an historical research and the redescriptions of the other nominal species of the genus. Distribution maps and a key to species in the M. (M.) gyas species group (males and females) are also provided.

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Research Article Mon, 30 Nov 2020 16:21:00 +0200
New record of Nausithoe werneri (Scyphozoa, Coronatae, Nausithoidae) from the Brazilian coast and a new synonymy for Nausithoe maculata https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/56380/ ZooKeys 984: 1-21

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.984.56380

Authors: Clarissa Garbi Molinari, Maximiliano Manuel Maronna, André Carrara Morandini

Abstract: The order Coronatae (Scyphozoa) includes six families, of which Nausithoidae Haeckel, 1880 is the most diverse with 26 species. Along the Brazilian coast, three species of the genus Nausithoe Kölliker, 1853 have been recorded: Nausithoe atlantica Broch, 1914, Nausithoe punctata Kölliker, 1853, and Nausithoe aurea Silveira & Morandini, 1997. Living polyps (n = 9) of an unidentified nausithoid were collected in September 2002 off Arraial do Cabo (Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil) at a depth of 227 m, and have been kept in culture since then. We compared these specimens with three species cultured in our laboratory: Nausithoe aurea (from Ilhabela, São Paulo, Brazil), Nausithoe maculata Jarms, 1990 (from Cuba and Puerto Rico), and Nausithoe werneri Jarms, 1990 (from the Atlantic Ocean off Morocco and from the Mediterranean Sea). The criteria used for comparison were: main aspects of the morphology, life cycle, and DNA sequences (18S, 28S, and COI). The results indicate that the unidentified polyps belong to N. werneri. Furthermore, N. aurea is considered a junior synonym of N. maculata.

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Research Article Wed, 4 Nov 2020 13:08:48 +0200
First record of a mermithid worm (Nematoda, Mermithidae) parasitizing a third instar nymph of Triatoma sordida (Stål, 1859) (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae) from Mato Grosso, Brazil https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/55865/ ZooKeys 980: 79-91

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.980.55865

Authors: Mirian Francisca Martins, Sinara Cristina de Moraes, Simone Chinicz Cohen, Melissa Querido Cárdenas, Cleber Galvão

Abstract: A juvenile specimen of a mermithid (Nematoda) was found parasitizing a third instar nymph of Triatoma sordida from Mato Grosso, Brazil. This is the first record of mermithid parasitism in a triatomine species. The Mermithidae represents a family of nematodes that are specialized insect parasites. Entomonematodes are one of the highly influential agents regulating the population dynamics of insects. This report introduces the opportunity to think about mermithids as a possible candidate for use as triatomine biological control.

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Research Article Wed, 28 Oct 2020 17:49:29 +0200
Quasitagalis afonsoi, a new genus and a new species of Saicinae (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) inhabiting a cave in Brazil, with an updated key to the genera of Saicinae of the New World https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/52930/ ZooKeys 966: 9-39

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.966.52930

Authors: Hélcio R. Gil-Santana, Jader Oliveira, Robson de A. Zampaulo

Abstract: Quasitagalis afonsoi gen. et sp. nov. of Saicinae (Hemiptera, Reduviidae) is described based on a male and three female specimens collected in a cave in the State of Tocantins, Brazil. Additionally, some characteristics from two nymphs of different instars of the same species are also recorded. An updated key to the New World genera of Saicinae is provided.

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Research Article Wed, 9 Sep 2020 13:38:44 +0300
DNA barcoding and hypopygium shape support delimitation of sympatric Dissomphalus species (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) from the Atlantic rainforest https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/53737/ ZooKeys 959: 87-97

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.959.53737

Authors: Marina Monjardim, Celso O. Azevedo, Valeria Fagundes

Abstract: Dissomphalus is a cosmopolitan genus of Bethylidae and has 269 Neotropical species divided into 32 species-groups, mostly defined by the genital and the tergal process structures. Dissomphalus rectilineus and D. concavatus are sympatric species in the ulceratus species-group. Members of the species-group share many similarities in the morphology of the head, hypopygium, tergal process and genitalia, but may be distinguished by the structure of the hypopygium. Previous studies have found intermediate structures of the hypopygium in the sympatric areas and raised questions about the distinctiveness of these two species. We sequenced 340 bp of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase I of 29 specimens from Brazil and Paraguay, calculated the genetic divergence among specimens, and recovered the phylogenetic relationships between taxa. In addition, we compared the morphology of the hypopygium to evaluate its use as a species-specific diagnostic character using the genetic divergence values. We recovered three well-supported monophyletic groups (intraclade divergence from 1.3 to 13.4%) and three hypopygium morphologies associated with each clade, two of them associated with D. rectilineus and D. concavatus (as described in the literature); the third one is new, not associated with any known species. The divergence between the D. rectilineus and D. concavatus clades was 19%, while the third clade is divergent from each species by 19–20%. If fully described, the hypopygium shape associated with the COI sequence will represent an extremely promising approach to the diagnosis of Dissomphalus species.

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Research Article Fri, 14 Aug 2020 09:42:16 +0300
An illustrated key to the fiddler crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda, Ocypodidae) from the Atlantic coast of Brazil https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/52773/ ZooKeys 943: 1-20

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.943.52773

Authors: Setuko Masunari, Salise Brandt Martins, André Fernando Miyadi Anacleto

Abstract: Fiddler crabs are one of the most notable animal groups in Brazilian estuarine environments, due to their high density and characteristic waving of males. An illustrated key to the ten species recorded as far in the country is provided using only clearly visible characters of males. Furthermore, additional recognition characters, information about geographic distribution and biology of each species are presented. Most examined crabs were collected in Guaratuba Bay, southern Brazil.

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Research Article Mon, 22 Jun 2020 21:58:09 +0300
A new species of Dendropsophus (Anura, Hylidae) from southwestern Amazonia with a green bilobate vocal sac https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/51864/ ZooKeys 942: 77-104

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.942.51864

Authors: Miquéias Ferrão, Jiří Moravec, James Hanken, Albertina Pimentel Lima

Abstract: Recent studies have shown that species diversity of the South American frog genus Dendropsophus is significantly underestimated, especially in Amazonia. Herein, through integrative taxonomy a new species of Dendropsophus from the east bank of the upper Madeira River, Brazil is described. Based on molecular phylogenetic and morphological analyses, the new species is referred to the D. microcephalus species group, where it is differentiated from its congeners mainly by having a green bilobate vocal sac and an advertisement call comprising 1–4 monophasic notes emitted with a dominant frequency of 8,979–9,606 Hz. Based on intensive sampling conducted in the study area over the last ten years, the new species is restricted to the east bank of the upper Madeira River, although its geographic range is expected to include Bolivian forests close to the type locality.

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Research Article Thu, 18 Jun 2020 18:53:15 +0300
Composition and Natural History of Snakes from Etá Farm region, Sete Barras, south-eastern Brazil https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/46882/ ZooKeys 931: 115-153

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.931.46882

Authors: Bruno F. Fiorillo, Bruno R. da Silva, Frederico Alcântara Menezes, Otavio A. V. Marques, Marcio Martins

Abstract: Approximately 140 snake species are known to occur in the Atlantic Forest with nearly half being endemic to this ecoregion. However, the Atlantic forest is one of the most threatened tropical ecoregions, with only 16% of its original area remaining as forest. This extensive habitat loss must have had a negative effect on its snake fauna. Indeed, 53% of the threatened snakes of Brazil occur in the Atlantic forest. Therefore, basic natural history information that can potentially contribute to the conservation of Atlantic forest snakes are urgently needed. Here the natural history of a snake assemblage at Etá Farm region, Sete Barras municipality, south-eastern Brazil is described, and a visual guide and an identification key provided that can be used by researchers and local people to identify snakes from this region. Most of the species found in the field use both open areas and forests, are primarily terrestrial, present diurnal activity, and include frogs in their diet. A higher number of enlarged follicles, eggs, and/or embryos were recorded during the warm and rainy season. Seventeen different types of defensive tactics were recorded in the species found in the field. This study provides useful information for understanding the structure of snake assemblages of the Atlantic Forest and is potentially useful for conservation assessments and for designing conservation plans.

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Checklist Thu, 30 Apr 2020 00:33:48 +0300
Molecular evidences confirm the taxonomic separation of two sympatric congeneric species (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Neritidae, Neritina) https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/46790/ ZooKeys 904: 117-130

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.904.46790

Authors: Cristiane Xerez Barroso, João Eduardo Pereira de Freitas, Helena Matthews-Cascon, Luis Ernesto Arruda Bezerra, Tito Monteiro da Cruz Lotufo

Abstract: A reliable taxonomy, together with more accurate knowledge of the geographical distribution of species, is a fundamental element for the study of biodiversity. Multiple studies on the gastropod family Neritidae record three species of the genus Neritina in the Brazilian Province: Neritina zebra (Bruguière, 1792), Neritina virginea (Linnaeus, 1758), and Neritina meleagris Lamarck, 1822. While N. zebra has a well-established taxonomic status and geographical distribution, the same cannot be said regarding its congeners. A widely cited reference for the group in Brazil considers N. meleagris a junior synonym of N. virginea. Using a molecular approach (phylogenetic, species delimitation, and statistical parsimony network analyses), based on two mitochondrial markers (COI and 16S), this study investigated if N. virginea and N. meleagris are distinct species. The molecular results confirmed the existence of two strongly supported distinct taxonomic entities in the Brazilian Province, which is consistent with the morphological descriptions previously proposed for N. virginea and N. meleagris. These species occur in sympatry in the intertidal sandstone formations of Northeastern Brazil. Despite the great variation in the colour patterns of the shells, the present study reinforced previous observations that allowed the differentiation of these two species based on these patterns. It also emphasized the importance of the separation of these two clades in future studies, especially those conducted in the Brazilian Province, since these species may cohabit.

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Short Communication Thu, 16 Jan 2020 01:49:31 +0200
Checklist and key for the identification of fish fauna of the Uberaba River, Upper Paraná River system, Brazil https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/31977/ ZooKeys 875: 129-155

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.875.31977

Authors: Douglas de Castro Ribeiro, Jumma Miranda Araújo Chagas, Mariana Ribeiro Thereza, Francisco Langeani

Abstract: The Uberaba River is an important right-bank tributary to the Grande River, in the Upper Paraná River system, Brazil, and the main water source for the public supply of the Uberaba city, Minas Gerais state. An inventory, an identification key, and photographs of the fish species of the Uberaba River are provided, based on samples made between 2012 and 2014 at 14 sampling sites in the river system. A total of 73 species was recorded from six orders, 20 families, and 49 genera. Characiformes and Siluriformes are the most speciose orders and Characidae and Loricariidae are the most commonly recorded families. Most species are autochthonous, nine are considered allochthonous, and two species are exotic. The Uberaba River has a diverse and heterogeneous ichthyofauna, typical of rheophilic environments, with endemic species and few non-native species.

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Checklist Mon, 16 Sep 2019 13:48:42 +0300
Description of a new species of cynopoeciline killifish (Cyprinodontiformes, Aplocheilidae), possibly extinct, from the Atlantic Forest of south-eastern Brazil https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/34034/ ZooKeys 867: 73-85

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.867.34034

Authors: Wilson J. E. M. Costa

Abstract: Specimens found between 1985 and 1988 in the Magé River Basin, south-eastern Brazil were misidentified as L. splendens. The recent rediscovery of other specimens in the Estrela River Basin near the type locality of L. splendens has clarified the species’ concept, making it possible to recognise the Magé River Basin specimens as a new species. The new species is herein described as Leptopanchax sanguineus sp. nov. and is distinguished from all other cynopoecilines by a unique colour pattern in males, including red bars with sinuous margins. It was collected in a well-preserved, temporary shallow swampy area within dense moist forest, but since 1990 the species has not been found again. Leptopanchax sanguineus sp. nov. is one of three species of cynopoeciline killifishes living in lowland moist forests of the coastal plains of Rio de Janeiro State, where the greatest diversity of endemic cynopoecilines is concentrated. Each of these species has been recorded a single time in the last 30 years, a surprisingly low record attributable to intense deforestation during the last several decades resulting in small fragmented lowland moist forests of today. This study indicates that seasonal killifishes adapted to uniquely live in this kind of habitat should be regarded with special concern in studies evaluating conservation priorities.

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Research Article Mon, 29 Jul 2019 11:59:03 +0300
Revision of the Neotropical Neuratelia Rondani (Diptera, Mycetophilidae, Sciophilinae): two new species, a new combination, and a new synonym https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/32835/ ZooKeys 861: 63-79

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.861.32835

Authors: Carolina Henao-Sepúlveda, Marta Wolff, Dalton de Souza Amorim

Abstract: We describe two new Neotropical species of Neuratelia Rondani from the high Central Andes of Colombia, N. altoandina sp. nov. and N. colombiana sp. nov. The holotype of Eudicrana elegans Lane actually is a species of Neuratelia and a new combination is proposed. Our examination of the holotype of Neuratelia sapaici Lane from southeastern Brazil shows this species to be a synonym of N. elegans (Lane), which is formally proposed here. Neuratelia sapaici is redescribed. The position of these three species within the genus is discussed. A key for the Neotropical species of Neuratelia is provided.

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Research Article Mon, 8 Jul 2019 15:28:59 +0300
Amphibians of Santa Teresa, Brazil: the hotspot further evaluated https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/30302/ ZooKeys 857: 139-162

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.857.30302

Authors: Rodrigo Barbosa Ferreira, Alexander Tamanini Mônico, Emanuel Teixeira da Silva, Fernanda Cristina Ferreira Lirio, Cássio Zocca, Marcio Marques Mageski, João Filipe Riva Tonini, Karen H. Beard, Charles Duca, Thiago Silva-Soares

Abstract: A checklist of the amphibians of Santa Teresa municipality, in southeastern Brazil is presented based on fieldwork, examination of specimens in collections, and a literature review. This new amphibian list of Santa Teresa includes 108 species, of which 106 (~98%) belong to Anura and two (~2%) to Gymnophiona. Hylidae was the most represented family with 47 species (43%). Compared to the previous amphibian lists for Santa Teresa, 14 species were added, 17 previously reported species were removed, and 13 species were re-identified based on recent taxonomic rearrangements. Of the 14 species added, 11 (79%) were first recorded during our fieldwork and specimen examination. It is also the first list of caecilians for Santa Teresa. This list suggests that Santa Teresa has 0.16 species per km2 (i.e., 108 species/683 km2), one of the highest densities of amphibian species in the world at a regional scale. This richness represents 78% of the 136 anurans from Espírito Santo state and 10% of the 1,080 amphibians from Brazil. We highlight the need for long-term monitoring to understand population trends and develop effective conservation plans to safeguard this remarkable amphibian richness.

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Research Article Tue, 25 Jun 2019 18:09:36 +0300
Richness and composition of anuran assemblages from an Amazonian savanna https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/33365/ ZooKeys 843: 149-169

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.843.33365

Authors: Carlos Eduardo Costa-Campos, Eliza Maria Xavier Freire

Abstract: The Amazonian savannas occupy approximately 150,000 km2 of the Brazilian Amazon, occurring in scattered isolated patches over large areas of forest in the states of Amapá, Amazonas, Pará, Roraima and Rondônia. Despite having considerable variation in the Anuran composition between locations and between the savanna’s physiognomies, a systematic and geographically wide sampling has not been performed for the savanna from Amapá yet, located in the north of Brazil, eastern Amazonia. In this perspective, a study was conducted on the richness, composition, diversity, and abundance of Anuran species in a ​​savanna area in Amapá State. For Anuran sampling, we performed 24 samples in four physiognomies (grassland savanna, scrub grassland savanna, parkland savanna, open woodland savanna) through an active and auditory search more than 20 sampling plots of 100 × 50 meters in each physiognomy. Twenty-one (21) species of frogs belonging to five families were registered: Bufonidae, Hylidae, Leptodactylidae, Microhylidae and Phyllomedusidae. Scrub grassland savanna registered a greater number of individuals regarding the species richness by physiognomy. The species rarefaction curve for the total area reached an asymptote, suggesting that the data collection effort was enough to adequately sample the species richness of the area. The Kruskal-Wallis variance analysis revealed significant differences in the species richness and diversity among the physiognomies. The Bray-Curtis similarity analysis grouped the physiognomies into three main groups: open woodland savanna, grassland savanna and scrub grassland savanna and parkland savanna. Through ordering by non-metric multidimensional scaling, the species composition from the savanna anuran assemblage resulted in a separation among three sampled physiognomies with significant differences, indicating differences in assemblage composition of the three sampled physiognomies. The local richness (21 species) corresponds to 14% of the 15 typical species that have strongly associated distribution with the Cerrado from Central Brazil, and 35.6% of 59 typical species of neighboring domains which only marginally occur in the Cerrado, representing a considerable part of frog species richness recorded in the savanna in the eastern portion of the Brazilian Amazon.

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Checklist Thu, 9 May 2019 03:35:22 +0300
Calls of Boana latistriata (Caramaschi & Cruz, 2004) (Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae), an endemic tree frog from the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/30711/ ZooKeys 820: 83-94

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.820.30711

Authors: Cyro de Luna-Dias, Sergio P. de Carvalho-e-Silva

Abstract: Bioacoustical data are useful for studying amphibians, especially their conservation, taxonomy, and evolution, among others. Of the 12 species of the Boana polytaenia clade, only B. buriti and B. latistriata have no published information about their advertisement calls. We recorded four males of B. latistriata in its type locality at Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, south-eastern Brazil. We used a Roland R26 digital recorder with a Sennheiser ME-67 microphone and analysed the recordings using the Raven Pro 1.5 software. We recorded two different types of calls (call A and call B). Both were composed of one pulsed note and presented a slightly ascending-descending frequency modulation. Call A was more frequent, having durations between 0.042 and 0.093 s with the dominant frequency ranging from 3375.0 to 3937.5 Hz, and was composed of 11 to 21 pulses separated by intervals that were not fully silent. Call B had durations between 0.711 and 1.610 s, with dominant frequency from 3281.2 to 3750.0 Hz, and was composed of 11 to 29 pulses separated by fully silent intervals. Among the B. polytaenia clade, the calls of B. latistriata are more similar to those of B. bandeirantes, B. beckeri, B. polytaenia, and B. aff. beckeri. The calls of B. latistriata differ from these species in its lower dominant frequency. Boana latistriata present a short, single-note call with a lower pulse period (call A) and a long call with higher pulse period (call B), which differ from the other species of the clade. The coefficients of variation for the various bioacoustical attributes were calculated within- and between-males and these have been discussed. We also report a fight event between two males of B. latistriata. This is the first report of a fight in members of the B. polytaenia clade.

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Research Article Tue, 29 Jan 2019 14:21:45 +0200
A new genus of Micromygalinae (Araneae, Microstigmatidae) from Brazil, with transfer of Masteria emboaba Pedroso, Baptista & Bertani, 2015 and description of six new species https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/29906/ ZooKeys 814: 1-32

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.814.29906

Authors: Victor Passanha, Igor Cizauskas, Antonio D. Brescovit

Abstract: The family Microstigmatidae is composed of two subfamilies, Microstigmatinae and Micromygalinae, seven genera and 16 species. Micromygalinae is monotypic, comprising the species Micromygale diblemma Platnick & Forster, 1982 from Panama. A new genus, Tonton is described as a new member of the Micromygalinae. Masteria emboaba Pedroso, Baptista & Bertani, 2015, is transferred to the new genus and six new species from Brazil are described and attributed to Tonton gen. n.: the type species, T. itabirito sp. n., T. queca sp. n., T. matodentro sp. n. and T. sapalo sp. n., all from the state of Minas Gerais; T. ipiau sp. n. from the state of Bahia and T. quiteria sp. n. from the state of Maranhão. Among the cavernicolous species, only T. itabirito sp. n. is considered troglobitic by the total absence of eyes.

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Research Article Tue, 8 Jan 2019 16:38:22 +0200
New species of bone-eating worm Osedax from the abyssal South Atlantic Ocean (Annelida, Siboglinidae) https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/28869/ ZooKeys 814: 53-69

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.814.28869

Authors: Yoshihiro Fujiwara, Naoto Jimi, Paulo Y.G. Sumida, Masaru Kawato, Hiroshi Kitazato

Abstract: A new species of bone-eating annelid, Osedax braziliensis sp. n., found in a sunken whale carcass at a depth of 4,204 m at the base of the São Paulo Ridge in the South Atlantic Ocean off the Brazilian coast is described. The organism was retrieved using the human-occupied vehicle Shinkai 6500 during the QUELLE 2013 expedition. This is the 26th species of the genus and the first discovery from the South Atlantic Ocean, representing the deepest record of Osedax worldwide to date. This species morphologically resembles Osedax frankpressi but is distinguished by the presence of a yellow bump or patch behind the prostomium and its trunk length. Molecular phylogenetic analysis using three genetic markers (COI, 16S, and 18S) showed that O. braziliensis sp. n. is distinct from all other Osedax worms reported and is a sister species of O. frankpressi.

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Research Article Tue, 8 Jan 2019 14:32:43 +0200
Why be original? Two new species of Choeradoplana resembling the type species of the genus in their external aspects (Platyhelminthes, Continenticola) https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/29565/ ZooKeys 813: 1-19

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.813.29565

Authors: Giuly Gouvêa Iturralde, Ana Leal-Zanchet

Abstract: The genus Choeradoplana Graff, 1896 encompasses 16 species, most of them found in Brazil. Herein two new species of this genus are described from remnants of Araucaria moist forests, located in the states of Paraná and Santa Catarina, south Brazil. Both species resemble the type-species of the genus, C. iheringi, showing brownish dorsal surface covered by dark-brown flecks. However, regarding their anatomy, the new species differ from C. iheringi and other congeners by a long and horizontal disposed permanent papilla. In such aspects, both species resemble C. benyai, but differ from this species, as well as from each other, in details of the prostatic vesicle, ejaculatory duct, and penis papilla.

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Research Article Mon, 7 Jan 2019 15:28:01 +0200
Four new troglophilic species of Loxosceles Heinecken & Lowe, 1832: contributions to the knowledge of recluse spiders from Brazilian caves (Araneae, Sicariidae) https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/27404/ ZooKeys 806: 47-72

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.806.27404

Authors: Rogério Bertani, Diego M. von Schimonsky, Jonas E. Gallão, Maria E. Bichuette

Abstract: Four new species of recluse spiders from Brazilian caves are described with both males and females. Loxosceles ericsoni Bertani, von Schimonsky & Gallão, sp. n. and L. karstica Bertani, von Schimonsky & Gallão, sp. n. both occur in caves in the Peruaçu region, located in the northern area of the state of Minas Gerais; L. karstica sp. n. is additionally found in the Serra do Ramalho karst area, located in the southwestern region of the state of Bahia. These two species belong to the gaucho group. Loxosceles carinhanha Bertani, von Schimonsky & Gallão, sp. n. and L. cardosoi Bertani, von Schimonsky & Gallão, sp. n. occur exclusively in caves of the Serra do Ramalho karst area and belong to the rufescens/amazonica species group. The discovery of two additional and highly distinct species in the rufescens/amazonica group (L. carinhanha sp. n. and L. cardosoi sp. n.) increases the debate on the origin, evolution, and geographical distribution of this widely distributed group of recluse spiders in the New and Old World. The presence of three species (L. ericsoni sp. n., L. carinhanha sp. n., and L. cardosoi sp. n.) with marked differences in morphological characters in a relatively small area indicates that the region seems to be an important center for Loxosceles diversity, which remains poorly studied.

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Research Article Thu, 13 Dec 2018 02:52:10 +0200
A new species of Procamallanus Baylis, 1923 (Nematoda, Camallanidae) from Astronotus ocellatus (Agassiz, 1831) (Perciformes, Cichlidae) in Brazil https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/24745/ ZooKeys 790: 21-33

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.790.24745

Authors: Raul Henrique da Silva Pinheiro, Francisco Tiago de Vasconcelos Melo, Scott Monks, Jeannie Nascimento dos Santos, Elane Guerreiro Giese

Abstract: A new species of Procamallanus Baylis, 1923 was found as a parasite of the fish Astronotus ocellatus (Agassiz, 1831) from a lake in the Jardim Botânico Bosque Rodrigues Alves, Belém, Brazil. Procamallanus spiculastriatus sp. n. has a smooth buccal capsule and a well-developed basal ring that is armed with four sclerotized tooth-like structures. The male of the new species is similar to the two species that are known from Brazilian fish, P. peraccuratus Pinto, Fábio, Noronha & Rolas, 1976, and P. annipetterae Kohn & Fernandes, 1988, by the absence of the gubernaculum. It differs from these two by the morphology of the buccal capsule, the number are arrangement of the caudal papillae in males, the size and morphology of the spicules and the shape of the tail of both sexes. Procamallanus spiculastriatus sp. n. is the third species discovered in fish from Brazil. This finding extends the geographical distribution of the genus into the Brazilian Amazon.

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Research Article Mon, 15 Oct 2018 11:01:59 +0300
New records of Niceforo’s big-eared bat, Trinycteris nicefori (Sanborn, 1949) (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae), from the state of Maranhão, Brazil https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/26538/ ZooKeys 787: 127-134

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.787.26538

Authors: Amanda Cristiny da Silva Lima, Fabio Henrique Souza Cardoso, Samira Brito Mendes, Elmary Costa Fraga, Maria Claudene Barros

Abstract: Niceforo’s big-eared bat, Trinycteris nicefori (Sanborn, 1949), is a monotypic species which has been recorded in a number of Brazilian states, but has a disjunct distribution in this country. This study presents the first record of T. nicefori in the Brazilian state of Maranhão. The specimens were collected in the municipalities of Godofredo Viana and Cândido Mendes, in fragments of the Amazon forest. One male (forearm: 38.00 mm, weight: 6 g) and one female (39.68 mm, 8 g) specimens were collected. The specimens presented chestnut-colored fur, and a chin with a pair of dermal pads arranged in a V-shape, without a central papilla. The COI gene sequences were plotted in the BOLD Systems platform, which confirmed the morphological identification of the species, with a 99.1% similarity in the male, and 99.4% in the female to existing sequences. This record extends the known distribution of T. nicefori in Brazil by approximately 310 km to the most eastern part of the Amazon Biome.

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Research Article Tue, 2 Oct 2018 16:00:07 +0300
Ecological diversity of a snake assemblage from the Atlantic Forest at the south coast of Paraíba, northeast Brazil https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/26946/ ZooKeys 787: 107-125

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.787.26946

Authors: Ivan L. R. Sampaio, Claudileide P. Santos, Rafaela C. França, Isabella M. M. C. Pedrosa, Mirco Solé, Frederico G. R. França

Abstract: Despite an increase in studies focusing on snake ecology and composition in the northeastern Atlantic Forest, several poorly studied sites and environments remain. The aim of this study was to assess species richness and natural history attributes of the snakes of an assemblage in the Restinga, Tabuleiro and Forest environments of the Atlantic Forest of the south coast of Paraíba, northeastern Brazil. A total of 151 individuals of 27 species, 23 genera, and six families of snakes were found. The most effective sampling methods were time-constrained searches and incidental encounters. Species sampled most frequently were the blindsnake Epictia borapeliotes, the Boa Constrictor Boa constrictor, the Brown Vinesnake Oxybelis aeneus, and the Brazilian False Coral Snake Oxyrhopus trigeminus. The snake fauna is characterized mainly by terrestrial species found in open-area environments of Restinga and Tabuleiro, and with most species feeding on amphibians and small mammals. The rarefaction curve did not reach the asymptote and new species should be recorded for south coast of Paraíba in future studies. Despite the richness and composition of snakes of the south coast being similar to other areas in the state, there is a lack of some species typically linked to forests, and this is probably because of the high level of deforestation that the south area of the state has suffered.

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Research Article Tue, 2 Oct 2018 10:00:00 +0300
Cryptic species diversity in the Hypsolebias magnificus complex, a clade of endangered seasonal killifishes from the São Francisco River basin, Brazilian Caatinga (Cyprinodontiformes, Aplocheilidae) https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/25058/ ZooKeys 777: 141-158

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.777.25058

Authors: Wilson J. E. M. Costa, Pedro F. Amorim, José Leonardo O. Mattos

Abstract: A great diversity of animal species adapted to life in the semi-arid Caatinga of northeastern Brazil, including seasonal killifishes, has been reported in the last three decades. More recently, field and molecular data have shown a high occurrence of cryptic species. The killifish group herein analysed, the Hypsolebias magnificus species complex, is endemic to the middle and southern portion of the Caatinga, occupying about 120 km along the floodplains of the middle São Francisco River and some adjacent tributaries. Species of this complex are rare and presently considered threatened with extinction, being uniquely found in pools protected by trees and bushes. Single-locus delimitation methods were used to test species limits of populations displaying different colour patterns along the whole distribution of the complex. All analyses consistently supported the three nominal species and two new, herein described: H. gardneri Costa, sp. n., from the floodplains of the middle São Francisco River and H. hamadryades Costa, sp. n., from the Gorotuba River floodplains. The phylogenetic analysis highly supports H. hamadryades as sister to a clade comprising H. gardneri and H. harmonicus. Our field observations suggest that H. hamadryades is a miniature species. This study indicates that the H. magnificus complex comprises cryptic species apparently endemic to small areas and extremely vulnerable to environmental changes, deserving high concern.

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Research Article Mon, 30 Jul 2018 21:47:08 +0300
Searching for shelter in a ferruginous cave? A new species of Pasipha from a plateau in the Brazilian savanna (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida) https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/26308/ ZooKeys 776: 13-25

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.776.26308

Authors: Ana Leal-Zanchet, Alessandro Marques

Abstract: In a fauna survey in the eastern margin of Serra do Espinhaço Plateau, in an area belonging to the Brazilian savanna (Cerrado phytophysiognomy), a land flatworm was sampled in a ferruginous cave. Anatomical and histological analyses indicated that it belongs to a new species of the genus Pasipha, which is herein described. The new species shows an almost homogenous dark brown dorsal pigmentation, eyes spreading over the dorsal surface, a collar-shaped pharynx, and a prostatic vesicle with two portions separated by a canal. It differs from similar species mainly by anatomical and histological details of the ejaculatory duct, as well as male and female atria. The flatworm shows no troglomorphic traits and was collected once in the entrance zone of the cave. Hence, despite representing the first land flatworm species described from a Neotropical cave, we consider that its occurrence in the cave is probably occasional, using it as a shelter.

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Research Article Thu, 26 Jul 2018 12:36:27 +0300
Comments on the genus Diplura C. L. Koch, 1850, with description of two new species (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Dipluridae) https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/24921/ ZooKeys 771: 57-71

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.771.24921

Authors: Denis Rafael Pedroso, Alessandro Ponce De Leão Giupponi, Renner Luiz Cerqueira Baptista

Abstract: Two new species of Diplura C. L. Koch 1850 are described from Brazil: Diplura mapinguari sp. n., from the state of Rondônia in southeastern Amazonia, northern Brazil, and Diplura rodrigoi sp. n., known from southeastern and central west regions of Brazil. Diplura rodrigoi sp. n. is morphologically similar to D. lineata (Lucas, 1857), D. sanguinea (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1896), and D. mapinguari sp. n. Comments on diagnostic characters of Diplura are included. The synonymy of D. maculata (Mello-Leitão, 1927) with D. catharinensis (Mello-Leitão, 1923) is corroborated. A classification of color pattern of the dorsum of the abdomen is given.

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Research Article Thu, 5 Jul 2018 14:39:44 +0300
Three new genera of acidocerine water scavenger beetles from tropical South America (Coleoptera, Hydrophilidae, Acidocerinae) https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/24423/ ZooKeys 768: 113-158

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.768.24423

Authors: Jennifer C. Girón, Andrew Edward Z. Short

Abstract: Recent collecting efforts in the Neotropics have led to the discovery of numerous new species and lineages of aquatic beetles. Here, three new genera are described to accommodate fifteen new species of water scavenger beetles of the subfamily Acidocerinae from northern South America: Crucisternum gen. n. for C. escalera sp. n. (Venezuela), C. ouboteri sp. n. (Guyana, French Guiana, Suriname, Venezuela), C. queneyi sp. n. (French Guiana), C. sinuatus sp. n. (Brazil), C. toboganensis sp. n. (Venezuela), C. vanessae sp. n. (Suriname), and C. xingu sp. n. (Brazil); Katasophistes gen. n. for K. charynae sp. n. (Peru), K. cuzco sp. n. (Peru), K. merida sp. n. (Venezuela) and K. superficialis sp. n. (Ecuador); and Nanosaphes gen. n. for N. castaneus sp. n. (Brazil), N. hesperus sp. n. (Suriname), N. punctatus sp. n. (Guyana), and N. tricolor sp. n. (Guyana, Suriname). It was also found that the monotypic Neotropical endemic genus Dieroxenus Spangler, 1979, syn. n. is congeneric with Chasmogenus Sharp, 1882 resulting in the single new combination Chasmogenus cremnobates (Spangler, 1979), comb. n.. Katasophistes merida sp. n. is known exclusively from seepage habitats, while the remaining taxa described herein are primarily associated with the margins of densely forested streams. Diagnoses, illustrations, distribution maps, and habitat summaries are provided for all new genera and species. A key to the genera of Acidocerinae of the New World is provided.

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Research Article Tue, 19 Jun 2018 23:44:35 +0300
A new species of Hyphessobrycon Durbin from northeastern Brazil: evidence from morphological data and DNA barcoding (Characiformes, Characidae) https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/23157/ ZooKeys 765: 79-101

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.765.23157

Authors: Erick Cristofore Guimarães, Pâmella Silva De Brito, Leonardo Manir Feitosa, Luís Fernando Carvalho-Costa, Felipe Polivanov Ottoni

Abstract: A new species of Hyphessobrycon is described for the upper Munim and Preguiças river basins, northeastern Brazil, supported by morphological and molecular species delimitation methods. This new species belongs to the Hyphessobryconsensu stricto group, as it has the three main diagnostic character states of this assemblage: presence of a dark brown or black blotch on the dorsal fin, absence of a black midlateral stripe on its flank and the position of Weberian apparatus upward horizontal through dorsal margin of operculum. Our phylogenetic analysis also supported the allocation of the new species in this group; however, it was not possible to recover the species sister-group. Pristella maxillaris and Moenkhausia hemigrammoides were recovered as the sister-clade of the Hyphessobryconsensu stricto group.

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Research Article Thu, 7 Jun 2018 09:58:24 +0300
Anuran species composition of Cancão Municipal Natural Park, Municipality of Serra do Navio, Amapá state, Brazil https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/22634/ ZooKeys 762: 131-148

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.762.22634

Authors: Yuri Breno Silva e Silva, Carlos Eduardo Costa-Campos

Abstract: In this study, the first survey of anuran species in the Cancão Municipal Natural Park is presented, a protected area of approximately 370 hectares of Amazonian forest located in the northwest center region of the state of Amapá, Brazil. The work was performed during the dry and rainy season, through active visual and auditory survey, totaling 216 man hours of sampling effort. Forty-nine species of anuran amphibians were recorded in the Cancão Municipal Natural Park, including three new records: Hyalinobatrachium iaspidiense, Pristimantis cf. ockendeni, and Scinax garbei. Three species, Hyalinobatrachium iaspidiense, Ameerega pulchripecta, and Anomaloglossus baeobatrachus, are listed as Data Deficient and one is listed as Vulnerable (Atelopus hoogmoedi) according red lists of IUCN. The rarefaction curve cumulative species did not reach an asymptote, indicating that site has potential for species that have not yet been recorded. Nine species were represented by only one individual and were considered rare in the studied environments, eight species were defined as common, and the 32 remaining species were classified as having intermediary abundance. Our data indicated that Cancão Municipal Natural Park contains a considerable portion of the anurans species richness of Amapá state, turn the area into a place of great importance for the conservation of the anurans of the Eastern Amazon.

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Checklist Thu, 31 May 2018 16:26:53 +0300
Influence of habitat heterogeneity on anuran diversity in Restinga landscapes of the Parnaíba River delta, northeastern Brazil https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/21900/ ZooKeys 757: 69-83

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.757.21900

Authors: Kássio C. Araújo, Anderson Guzzi, Robson Avila

Abstract: Anurans have close associations with environmental conditions and therefore represent an interesting vertebrate group for examining how resource availability and environmental variables influence species diversity. Associations between habitat heterogeneity and anuran species diversity were tested in the Restinga landscapes of the Parnaíba River delta in northeastern Brazil. Twenty-one anuran species were sampled in the rainy season during monthly excursions (December 2015 to June 2016) into areas of Restinga on two islands in the Parnaíba River delta. The fourth highest anuran diversity was found in this type of environment in Brazil and is the third in northeastern Brazil. Microenvironments, characterized by a combination of vernal pools with different vegetational and physical structures, better explained anuran species composition in the Parnaíba River delta.

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Research Article Thu, 10 May 2018 11:01:05 +0300
Three new species of the spider genus Plato and the new genus Cuacuba from caves of the states of Pará and Minas Gerais, Brazil (Araneae, Theridiosomatidae) https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/20805/ ZooKeys 753: 107-162

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.753.20805

Authors: Pedro H. Prete, Igor Cizauskas, Antonio D. Brescovit

Abstract: Three new species of the genus Plato from caves in the states of Pará and Minas Gerais, Brazil, are described. P. novalima sp. n., from Minas Gerais, is the first record of the genus in the southeastern region of Brazil. P. ferriferus sp. n. and P. striatus sp. n., from Carajás, Pará, north of Brazil, are also described. The former is an extremely abundant species, whereas the latter has only one known male specimen. Cuacuba gen. n. is proposed and represented by two new species, C. mariana sp. n. (type species) and C. morrodopilar sp. n., both from the state of Minas Gerais. Morphology of genitalia in Cuacuba gen. n. is similar to other Theridiosomatidae genera and is herein discussed. None of the proposed species presents troglomorphic adaptations. They are widespread, abundant inside caves in different and large karst areas, and each genus prefers different lithologies.

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Research Article Fri, 27 Apr 2018 12:13:10 +0300
Amphibians of the Reserva Ecológica Michelin: a high diversity site in the lowland Atlantic Forest of southern Bahia, Brazil https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/21438/ ZooKeys 753: 1-21

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.753.21438

Authors: Caio Vinícius de Mira-Mendes, Danilo Silva Ruas, Renan Manoel de Oliveira, Indira Maria Castro, Iuri Ribeiro Dias, Julio Ernesto Baumgarten, Flora Acuña Juncá, Mirco Solé

Abstract: An inventory of the amphibians of the Reserva Ecológica Michelin – REM in southern Bahia, Brazil is presented. Sixty-nine species were recorded during a ten-year sampling period. Amphibians were distributed in two orders (Gymnophiona and Anura), belonging to twelve families [Aromobatidae (1), Bufonidae (3), Centrolenidae (1), Craugastoridae (5), Eleutherodactylidae (3), Hemiphractidae (2), Hylidae (34), Phyllomedusidae (5) Leptodactylidae (7), Microhylidae (4), Odontophrynidae (3) and Caeciliidae (1)]. Fifty per cent of the reproductive modes known for Atlantic forest anurans were recorded. While no threatened species were found at REM, six species are classified as data deficient (DD) by the Brazilian Red List of threatened species and deserve additional attention. Phasmahyla timbo and Vitreorana eurygnatha are listed as endangered in Bahia according to the list of threatened species of the state. Despite a higher diversity of amphibians in the Atlantic forest having been reported for mountainous regions, our results revealed that amphibian richness for lowland forests is also high.

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Research Article Thu, 26 Apr 2018 09:39:20 +0300
A new species of the land planarian Issoca sheds light on the polyphyletic status of the genus (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Geoplaninae) https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/24615/ ZooKeys 752: 1-15

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.752.24615

Authors: Ana Paula Goulart Araujo, Fernando Carbayo

Abstract: A new species of the genus Issoca (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida, Geoplaninae) is described. Issoca assanga sp. n. presents the diagnostic features of the genus, with the exception of the relative position of the subneural parenchymal muscle layer with the cephalic retractor muscle, which are overlapped in the type species of the genus but are intersected in the new species. Rather than a polymorphic character, the relative position of these muscle layers might reflect the polyphyletic status of the genus.

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Research Article Mon, 23 Apr 2018 17:18:03 +0300
Madicolous Chironomidae from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest: a checklist with notes on altitudinal distributions (Diptera, Insecta) https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/20611/ ZooKeys 751: 41-73

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.751.20611

Authors: Erika Mayumi Shimabukuro, Susana Trivinho-Strixino

Abstract: Thin layers of water running over rocky surfaces are characteristic of madicolous habitats, which harbor a peculiar Chironomidae community. However, information on the identity, distribution, and ecology of madicolous chironomids in the Neotropical region are still sparse. The main purpose of this research is to reveal and contribute to the ecology of madicolous Chironomidae species, especially regarding their altitudinal distribution in the Atlantic Forest. Sampling was performed using our own designed emergence traps deployed from 0 to 2700 m a.s.l. in 70 sites in three mountains in southeastern Brazil. Sixty taxa of chironomids were collected and identified, of which only 22 are known to science. Most of the species showed a wider distribution than previously known, both in terms of geographic and altitudinal ranges, while others showed significant association with particular altitudinal bands (as evidenced by the indicator species analysis). Atlantic Forest mountainous regions are known to harbor one of the richest fauna in the world and have been suffering from several types of environmental impacts, including climate change, which will especially affect taxa living in specialized habitats. The narrow range of tolerance to environmental conditions verified for mountain species, and the fact that many of them are rare and endemic, make the conservation efforts in these areas indispensable.

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Checklist Thu, 19 Apr 2018 19:45:58 +0300
Brazilian obligatory subterranean fauna and threats to the hypogean environment https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/15140/ ZooKeys 746: 1-23

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.746.15140

Authors: Jonas Eduardo Gallão, Maria Elina Bichuette

Abstract: The subterranean environment harbors species that are not capable of establishing populations in the epigean environment, i.e., the obligatory subterranean species. These organisms live in a unique selective regime in permanent darkness and usually low food availability, high air humidity in terrestrial habitats, and low temperature range allied to other unique conditions related to lithologies and past climatic influences. The pressure to increase Brazil’s economic growth relies on agricultural/pastoral industries and exporting of raw materials such as iron, limestone, ethanol, soybean, cotton, and meat, as well as huge reservoir constructions to generate electricity. Mining (even on a small scale), agricultural expansion, and hydroelectric projects are extremely harmful to subterranean biodiversity, via the modification and even destruction of hypogean habitats. The Brazilian subterranean species were analyzed with respect to their distributions, presence on the IUCN Red List, and current and potential threats to hypogean habitats. A map and three lists are presented, one with the described obligatory subterranean species, one with undescribed taxa, and one with the current and potential threats to the hypogean environment. To date, 150 obligatory subterranean species have been recorded in Brazil, plus at least 156 undescribed troglomorphic taxa, totaling 306 Brazilian troglobites/obligatory cave fauna. We also analyzed the current and potential cave threats and the conservation actions that are underway to attempt to compensate for loss of these habitats. In according to the Brazilian legislation (Decree 6640) only caves of maximum relevance are fully protected. One strategy to protect the subterranean fauna of Brazil is the inclusion of these species in the IUCN Red List (one of attributes that determines maximum relevance for caves); however, one of the IUCN assumptions is that the taxa must be formally described. It is clear that the description and proposed protection of Brazilian subterranean biodiversity depends on more systematics studies.

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Checklist Mon, 26 Mar 2018 03:58:47 +0300
A checklist of chiggers from Brazil, including new records (Acari: Trombidiformes: Trombiculidae and Leeuwenhoekiidae) https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/22675/ ZooKeys 743: 1-41

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.743.22675

Authors: Fernando de Castro Jacinavicius, Ricardo Bassini-Silva, Jairo Alfonso Mendoza-Roldan, Almir Rogério Pepato, Ronald Ochoa, Cal Welbourn, Darci Moraes Barros-Battesti

Abstract: A checklist of the family Trombiculidae and Leeuwenhoekiidae is presented, containing 63 species in 30 genera of chiggers from 80 different hosts and 146 localities in Brazil. The type locality and depository are provided, including new locality and host records for the country.

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Checklist Wed, 14 Mar 2018 05:59:53 +0200
A synopsis of centipedes in Brazilian caves: hidden species diversity that needs conservation (Myriapoda, Chilopoda) https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/20307/ ZooKeys 737: 13-56

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.737.20307

Authors: Amazonas Chagas-Jr, Maria Elina Bichuette

Abstract: This study revises centipede fauna found in Brazilian caves, focusing on troglomorphic taxa and emphasizing conservation status. We present 563 centipede specimens from 274 caves across eleven Brazilian states. Of these, 22 records were derived from existing literature and 252 are newly collected. Specimens represent four orders, ten families, 18 genera, and 47 morphospecies. Together, the cave records represent 21 % of Brazil’s centipede fauna. Scolopendromorpha was the most representative order (41 %), followed by Geophilomorpha (26 %), Scutigeromorpha (23 %), and Lithobiomorpha (10 %). Six species were found only in caves, with four considered troglobitic. The distribution of Cryptops iporangensis, the first Brazilian troglobitic centipede species to be discovered, was expanded to other three caves. Cryptops spelaeoraptor and Cryptops iporangensis are two troglobitic species considered Vulnerable and Endangered, respectively, according to the IUCN Red List. Main threats to Brazilian caves are mining, hydroelectric projects, water pollution, and unregulated tourism.

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Research Article Mon, 12 Feb 2018 06:44:51 +0200
Species limits within the widespread Amazonian treefrog Dendropsophus parviceps with descriptions of two new species (Anura, Hylidae) https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/13864/ ZooKeys 726: 25-77

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.726.13864

Authors: C. Daniel Rivadeneira, Pablo J. Venegas, Santiago R. Ron

Abstract: The genus Dendropsophus is one of the most speciose among Neotropical anurans and its number of described species is increasing. Herein, molecular, morphological, and bioacoustic evidence are combined to assess species limits within D. parviceps, a widely distributed species in the Amazon Basin. Phylogenetic relationships were assessed using 3040 bp sequences of mitochondrial DNA, genes 12S, ND1, and CO1. The phylogeny shows three well-supported clades. Bioacoustic and morphological divergence is congruent with those clades demonstrating that Dendropsophus parviceps is a species complex. Dendropsophus parvicepssensu stricto occurs in the Amazon basin of Ecuador, northern Peru, southern Colombia and northwestern Brazil. It is sister to two previously undescribed species, D. kubricki sp. n. from central Peru and D. kamagarini sp. n. from southern Peru, northeastern Bolivia, and northwestern Brazil. Genetic distances (uncorrected p, gene 12S) between D. parviceps and the new species is 3 to 4%. Dendropsophus kamagarini sp. n. can be distinguished from D. parviceps by having a prominent conical tubercle on the distal edge of the upper eyelid (tubercle absent in D. parviceps). Dendropsophus kubricki sp. n. differs from D. parviceps by having scattered low tubercles on the upper eyelids (smooth in D. parviceps). Dendropsophus parviceps and both new species differ from all their congeners by their small size (adult maximum SVL = 28.39 mm in females, 22.73 mm in males) and by having a bright orange blotch on the hidden areas of the shanks and under arms. The advertisement call of the two new species has lower dominant frequency relative to D. parviceps. Probable speciation modes are discussed. Available evidence indicates that ecological speciation along an elevation gradient is unlikely in this species complex.

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Research Article Mon, 8 Jan 2018 15:44:22 +0200
Two new Dolichothele Mello-Leitão, 1923 species from Brazil and Bolivia (Araneae, Theraphosidae) https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/20680/ ZooKeys 724: 1-20

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.724.20680

Authors: Irene Soliz Revollo, Pedro Ismael da Silva Júnior, Rogério Bertani

Abstract: Two new species of Dolichothele Mello-Leitão, 1923 are described from Brazil and Bolivia, D. mottai sp. n. from Distrito Federal and the state of Goiás, Brazil, and D. camargorum sp. n. from the state of Rondônia, Brazil, and the La Paz region, Bolivia. Males of the two new species resemble Dolichothele bolivianum (Vol, 2001) in having a small subapical keel on the distal embolus and females in particular by the short spermatheca. Dolichothele bolivianum is redescribed, and its geographical distribution is herein restricted to Bolivia and the state of Mato Grosso in Brazil.

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Research Article Thu, 21 Dec 2017 21:38:57 +0200
Chrysomelinae species (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) and new biological data from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil1 https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/13963/ ZooKeys 720: 5-22

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.720.13963

Authors: Vivian Flinte, André Abejanella, Mauro Daccordi, Ricardo F. Monteiro, Margarete Valverde Macedo

Abstract: Chrysomelinae is one of the largest subfamilies in Chrysomelidae, yet much basic information remains unknown for Neotropical species. The present study aims to compile the first regional list of Chrysomelinae for the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and assemble natural history traits obtained from our fieldwork from 2005 to 2010 in Serra dos Órgãos National Park, a mountainous area of Atlantic forest. The species list was compiled from data from field work, collections, and literature, and recorded a total of 100 species, belonging to 21 genera in one tribe (Chrysomelini) and three subtribes: Chrysolinina (91 species), Chrysomelina (eight species) and Entomoscelina (one species). Of these, 91 species are new records for the state. Serra dos Órgaõs National Park holds records of 43 species, with Platyphora being the most species-rich genus, and Solanaceae the most common host plant family. Some new records of reproductive mode (larviparous vs. oviparous) and larval behavior are also given. These Brazil Chrysomelinae species exhibited a clear seasonal pattern, with more species recorded in the hot and rainy season from October to January, and considerably fewer species from June to August, during the drier and colder months. The fraction of new records in comparison with published species and natural history information illustrates how little we know of Chrysomelinae in the state and in the country.

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Research Article Mon, 11 Dec 2017 15:20:37 +0200
A new species of Zeraikia Gil-Santana & Costa with taxonomic notes on Zeraikia novafriburguensis Gil-Santana & Costa (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Peiratinae) https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/20843/ ZooKeys 716: 105-126

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.716.20843

Authors: Hélcio R. Gil-Santana

Abstract: Zeraikia zeraikae sp. n. is described from the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, based on one male and one female specimens. Some taxonomic notes on Zeraikia Gil-Santana & Costa, 2003 and Zeraikia novafriburguensis Gil-Santana & Costa, 2003 are provided. Detailed descriptions and several figures of the male genitalia of both species are furnished. A key for the species of Zeraikia is presented.

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Research Article Wed, 29 Nov 2017 06:12:07 +0200
Integrative overview of the herpetofauna from Serra da Mocidade, a granitic mountain range in northern Brazil https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/20288/ ZooKeys 715: 103-159

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.715.20288

Authors: Leandro J.C.L. Moraes, Alexandre P. de Almeida, Rafael de Fraga, Rommel R. Zamora, Renata M. Pirani, Ariane A.A. Silva, Vinícius T. de Carvalho, Marcelo Gordo, Fernanda P. Werneck

Abstract: The Brazilian mountain ranges from the Guiana Shield highlands are largely unexplored, with an understudied herpetofauna. Here the amphibian and reptile species diversity of the remote Serra da Mocidade mountain range, located in extreme northern Brazil, is reported upon, and biogeographical affinities and taxonomic highlights are discussed. A 22-days expedition to this mountain range was undertaken during which specimens were sampled at four distinct altitudinal levels (600, 960, 1,060 and 1,365 m above sea level) using six complementary methods. Specimens were identified through an integrated approach that considered morphological, bioacoustical, and molecular analyses. Fifty-one species (23 amphibians and 28 reptiles) were found, a comparable richness to other mountain ranges in the region. The recorded assemblage showed a mixed compositional influence from assemblages typical of other mountain ranges and lowland forest habitats in the region. Most of the taxa occupying the Serra da Mocidade mountain range are typical of the Guiana Shield or widely distributed in the Amazon. Extensions of known distribution ranges and candidate undescribed taxa are also recorded. This is the first herpetofaunal expedition that accessed the higher altitudinal levels of this mountain range, contributing to the basic knowledge of these groups in remote areas.

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Checklist Wed, 22 Nov 2017 04:31:56 +0200
Earwigs from Brazilian caves, with notes on the taxonomic and nomenclatural problems of the Dermaptera (Insecta) https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/15118/ ZooKeys 713: 25-52

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.713.15118

Authors: Yoshitaka Kamimura, Rodrigo Lopes Ferreira

Abstract: Based on samples collected during surveys of Brazilian cave fauna, seven earwig species are reported: Cylindrogaster cavernicola Kamimura, sp. n., Cylindrogaster sp. 1, Cylindrogaster sp. 2, Euborellia janeirensis, Euborellia brasiliensis, Paralabellula dorsalis, and Doru luteipes, as well as four species identified to the (sub)family level. To date, C. cavernicola Kamimura, sp. n. has been recorded only from cave habitats (but near entrances), whereas the other four organisms identified at the species level have also been recorded from non-cave habitats. Wings and female genital structures of Cylindrogaster spp. (Cylindrogastrinae) are examined for the first time. The genital traits, including the gonapophyses of the 8th abdominal segment shorter than those of the 9th segement, and venation of the hind wings of Cylindrogastrinae correspond to those of the members of Diplatyidae and not to Pygidicranidae. This is the first synopsis of cave-dwelling earwigs of Brazil, one of the most species-rich areas of Dermaptera in the world.

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Research Article Thu, 2 Nov 2017 07:04:34 +0200
A new species of Physoctonus Mello-Leitão, 1934 from the ‘Campos formations’ of southern Amazonia (Scorpiones, Buthidae) https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/20187/ ZooKeys 711: 67-80

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.711.20187

Authors: Wilson R. Lourenco

Abstract: Further studies on new specimens of the rare genus Physoctonus Mello-Leitão, 1934, lead to the description of a third new species. Until now only Physoctonus debilis (C. L. Koch, 1840) and Physoctonus striatus Esposito et al., 2017, were known from sites located in the caatingas of the north-east region of Brazil. The new species of Physoctonus was collected by the French arachnologist J. Vellard in the Campos do Pará during his field trips back to the 1920/1930, and entrusted to the author in the early 1980s. The populations of P. debilis and P. striatus from north-east Brazil and that of the new species certainly present disrupted distributions. Biogeographical comments on this pattern of distribution are also added.

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Research Article Mon, 23 Oct 2017 02:34:32 +0300
A new species of Scinax from the Purus-Madeira interfluve, Brazilian Amazonia (Anura, Hylidae) https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/14691/ ZooKeys 706: 137-162

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.706.14691

Authors: Miquéias Ferrão, Jiří Moravec, Rafael de Fraga, Alexandre Pinheiro de Almeida, Igor Luis Kaefer, Albertina Pimentel Lima

Abstract: A new tree frog species of the genus Scinax from the interfluve between the Purus and Madeira rivers, Brazilian Amazonia, is described and illustrated. The new species is diagnosed by medium body size, snout truncate in dorsal view, ulnar and tarsal tubercles absent, nuptial pads poorly developed, skin on dorsum shagreen, dorsum light brown with dark brown spots and markings, white groin with black spots, anterior and posterior surfaces of thighs black, and iris bright orange. The advertisement call consists of a single short note, with 16−18 pulses and dominant frequency at 1572−1594 Hz. Tadpoles are characterized by body ovoid in dorsal view and triangular in lateral view, tail higher than body, oral disc located anteroventrally and laterally emarginated, dorsum of body uniformly grey-brown with dark brown eye-snout stripe in preservative, fins translucent with small to large irregular diffuse dark brown spots.

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Research Article Wed, 4 Oct 2017 20:16:46 +0300
Cecidonius pampeanus, gen. et sp. n.: an overlooked and rare, new gall-inducing micromoth associated with Schinus in southern Brazil (Lepidoptera, Cecidosidae) https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/13320/ ZooKeys 695: 37-74

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.695.13320

Authors: Gilson R.P. Moreira, Rodrigo P. Eltz, Ramoim B. Pase, Gabriela T. Silva, Sérgio A.L. Bordignon, Wolfram Mey, Gislene L. Gonçalves

Abstract: Galls induced by the larval stage of cecidosids (Lepidoptera: Cecidosidae) are complex, multi-trophic systems, still poorly studied. They may be associated with other insect feeding guilds, including inquilines, kleptoparasites, cecidophages, parasitoids, and predators. By causing death of the gall inducer early in life and altering the gall phenotype, inquilines may lead to misidentification of the true gall inducers. Here, we describe through light and scanning electron microscopy Cecidonius pampeanus, a new genus and species of cecidosid moth, from the Pampa biome, south Brazil. It induces unnoticed, small galls under swollen stems of Schinus weinmannifolius Mart. ex Engl. (Anacardiaceae). Such galls are severely attacked early in ontogeny either by unidentified parasitoids belonging to Lyrcus Walker (Pteromalidae) that feed upon the inducer, or by inquiline wasps of the genus Allorhogas Gahan (Braconidae). The inquilines modify the galls into large ones that last longer and promptly call attention. Free-living galls are rare and dehiscent, pupation of C. pampeanus occurring on the ground. Due to these reasons the true inducer has been overlooked in this case for more than a century. Additionally we inferred a phylogeny for Cecidosidae using sequences from mitochondrial and nuclear loci, and characterized genetic variation and gene flow across ten populations. Despite its natural history similarities with the African genus Scyrotis, Cecidonius is a much younger lineage, more closely related to the Neotropical cecidosids. C. pampeanus populations, which are now confined to a few mountain areas within its distribution range due to habitat destruction, are also genetically isolated, requiring conservation measures.

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Research Article Mon, 4 Sep 2017 21:17:28 +0300
Stranding survey as a framework to investigate rare cetacean records of the north and north-eastern Brazilian coasts https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/12636/ ZooKeys 688: 111-134

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.688.12636

Authors: Alexandra Fernandes Costa, Salvatore Siciliano, Renata Emin-Lima, Bruna Maria Lima Martins, Maura Elisabeth Moraes Sousa, Tommaso Giarrizzo, José de Sousa e Silva Júnior

Abstract: Marine mammal stranding events are used as an important tool for understanding cetacean biology worldwide. Nonetheless, there are vast gaps of knowledge to be filled in for a wide range of species. Reputable information is required regarding species from large baleen whales to sperm and beaked whales, as well as pelagic dolphins. This paper describes new cetacean records from north and north-eastern Brazil, which are both the least surveyed areas regarding aquatic mammals. Regular beach surveys were conducted to recover cetacean carcasses along the coast of Pará beginning November 2005. At the coasts of the Maranhão and Piauí states, the surveys were conducted between 2003 and 2013. From 2003 to 2014, 34 strandings of cetaceans were registered. The study provides four additional species records’ in the area based on strandings (Balaenoptera borealis, Balaenoptera physalus, Peponocephala electra, and Pseudorca crassidens). A mass stranding of Guiana dolphins (Sotalia guianensis, N = 12), the most common species for the region, was reported for the first time. The records presented herein are of special concern, since they expand the knowledge on cetaceans from the Brazilian coast. In addition, this study conducted an analysis to verify the similarity between cetacean compositions described for north and north-eastern Brazil and the southern Caribbean region. The results showed a high similarity between these regions, proving the connection with the Caribbean cetacean fauna.

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Research Article Wed, 9 Aug 2017 03:35:27 +0300
The Tabanidae of the Mitaraka expedition, with an updated check list of French Guiana (Diptera) https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/13197/ ZooKeys 684: 85-118

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.684.13197

Authors: Tiago Kütter Krolow, Augusto Loureiro Henriques, Marc Pollet

Abstract: This paper documents the horse fly fauna collected in lowland rainforest in the southwesternmost part of French Guiana (Mitaraka). During this “Our Planet Revisited” survey nine tabanid species were recorded from French Guiana for the first time: Chrysops ecuadorensis Lutz, C. incisus Macquart, Catachlorops amazonicus Henriques & Gorayeb, Chlorotabanus flagellatus Krolow & Henriques, Cryptoylus cauri Stone, Phaeotabanus phaeopterus Fairchild, Philipotabanus stigmaticalis (Kröber), Stypommisa captiroptera (Kröber) and Tabanus amapaensis Fairchild. An updated check list of Tabanidae of French Guiana is presented, including 79 species and one unidentified Chrysops.

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Checklist Wed, 12 Jul 2017 00:08:32 +0300
The advertisement call and comments on the distribution of Eleutherodactylus bilineatus Bokermann, 1975, an endemic frog of Bahia State, Brazil (Amphibia, Anura) https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/12309/ ZooKeys 677: 151-159

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.677.12309

Authors: Iuri Ribeiro Dias, Caio Vinicius de Mira-Mendes, Carlos Augusto Souza-Costa, Flora Acuña Juncá, Mirco Solé

Abstract: Advertisement calls can be used to aid solving taxonomic problems and understanding the evolution of certain groups. In this study, the advertisement call of Eleutherodactylus bilineatus is described. It is composed by two different notes with a total duration of 0.529–4.241 seconds and dominant frequency of 1.72–3.45 kHz. Additionally, new data is provided on the geographical distribution of Eleutherodactylus bilineatus and the most inland record for this species.

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Research Article Tue, 30 May 2017 21:49:45 +0300
A new species of Rhodnius from Brazil (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae) https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/12024/ ZooKeys 675: 1-25

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.675.12024

Authors: João Aristeu da Rosa, Hernany Henrique Garcia Justino, Juliana Damieli Nascimento, Vagner José Mendonça, Claudia Solano Rocha, Danila Blanco de Carvalho, Rossana Falcone, Maria Tercília Vilela de Azeredo-Oliveira, Kaio Cesar Chaboli Alevi, Jader de Oliveira

Abstract: A colony was formed from eggs of a Rhodnius sp. female collected in Taquarussu, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, and its specimens were used to describe R. taquarussuensis sp. n. This species is similar to R. neglectus, but distinct characters were observed on the head, thorax, abdomen, female external genitalia and male genitalia. Chromosomal differences between the two species were also established.

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Research Article Thu, 18 May 2017 19:59:49 +0300
First description of the male and redescription of the female of Parahiranetis salgadoi Gil-Santana (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Harpactorinae) https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/11985/ ZooKeys 671: 19-48

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.671.11985

Authors: Hélcio R. Gil-Santana, Adriana Trevizoli Salomão, Jader de Oliveira

Abstract: The male of Parahiranetis salgadoi Gil-Santana, 2015 is described for the first time, with a redescription of the female of this species based on additional specimens. Comments on possible mimicry and crypsis exhibited by adults and nymphs of this species, respectively, are provided.

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Research Article Wed, 26 Apr 2017 03:10:06 +0300
Molecular and morphological identification of Biomphalaria species from the state of São Paulo, Brazil https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/10562/ ZooKeys 668: 11-32

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.668.10562

Authors: Raquel Gardini Sanches Palasio, Marisa Cristina de Almeida Guimarães, Fernanda Pires Ohlweiler, Roseli Tuan

Abstract: DNA barcoding and morphological characters were used to identify adult snails belonging to the genus Biomphalaria from 17 municipalities in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The DNA barcode analysis also included twenty-nine sequences retrieved from GenBank. The final data set of 104 sequences of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene was analyzed for K2P intraspecific and interspecific divergences, through tree-reconstruction methods (Neighbor-Joining, Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian inference), and by applying different models (ABGD, bPTP, GMYC) to partition the sequences according to the pattern of genetic variation. Twenty-seven morphological parameters of internal organs were used to identify specimens. The molecular taxonomy of Biomphalaria agreed with the morphological identification of specimens from the same collection locality. DNA barcoding may therefore be a useful supporting tool for identifying Biomphalaria snails in areas at risk for schistosomiasis.

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Research Article Wed, 12 Apr 2017 02:59:56 +0300
Three new species of the killifish genus Melanorivulus from the central Brazilian Cerrado savanna (Cyprinodontiformes, Aplocheilidae) https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/10920/ ZooKeys 645: 51-70

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.645.10920

Authors: Wilson J.E.M. Costa

Abstract: Three new species are described from the Neotropical region comprising the Cerrado savannas of the central Brazilian plateaus, which is among the most important biodiversity centres in the world. These species are considered closely related to M. dapazi from the same region, with which they share the presence of a rudimentary interarcual cartilage and a dark reddish brown distal margin on the male anal fin. The group comprising M. dapazi and the three new species is here named as the M. dapazi species group. Melanorivulus ignescens sp. n., from the upper Rio Araguaia basin, is distinguished from all other species of the M. dapazi group by the anal-fin colour pattern in males; M. flavipinnis sp. n. and M. regularis sp. n. from the Rio Paraguai basin are distinguished from all other congeners of the M. dapazi group by the colour pattern of the caudal fin and number of scales in the longitudinal series, respectively. All the new species are further unambiguously diagnosed by unique combinations of morphological characters, including meristic and morphometric data, and colour patterns. This study reinforces the importance of using live colour patterns to diagnose species and species groups of the genus Melanorivulus, but also indicates that osteological characters may be informative for species diagnosis. This study confirms the high diversity of species of Melanorivulus in the central Brazilian Cerrado plateaus already reported in previous studies, indicating that endemic species are often restricted to short segments of a single river drainage.

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Research Article Thu, 12 Jan 2017 22:26:10 +0200
The mammalian faunas endemic to the Cerrado and the Caatinga https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/10827/ ZooKeys 644: 105-157

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.644.10827

Authors: Eliécer E. Gutiérrez, Jader Marinho-Filho

Abstract: We undertook a comprehensive, critical review of literature concerning the distribution, conservation status, and taxonomy of species of mammals endemic to the Cerrado and the Caatinga, the two largest biomes of the South American Dry-Diagonal. We present species accounts and lists of species, which we built with criteria that, in our opinion, yielded results with increased scientific rigor relative to previously published lists – e.g., excluding nominal taxa whose statuses as species have been claimed only on the basis of unpublished data, incomplete taxonomic work, or weak evidence. For various taxa, we provided arguments regarding species distributions, conservation and taxonomic statuses previously lacking in the literature. Two major findings are worth highlighting. First, we unveil the existence of a group of species endemic to both the Cerrado and the Caatinga (i.e., present in both biomes and absent in all other biomes). From the biogeographic point of view, this group, herein referred to as Caatinga-Cerrado endemics, deserves attention as a unit – just as in case of the Caatinga-only and the Cerrado-only endemics. We present preliminary hypotheses on the origin of these three endemic faunas (Cerrado-only, Caatinga-only, and Caatinga-Cerrado endemics). Secondly, we discovered that a substantial portion of the endemic mammalian faunas of the Caatinga and the Cerrado faces risks of extinction that are unrecognized in the highly influential Red List of Threatened Species published by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). “Data deficient” is a category that misrepresents the real risks of extinction of these species considering that (a) some of these species are known only from a handful of specimens collected in a single or a few localities long ago; (b) the Cerrado and the Caatinga have been sufficiently sampled to guarantee collection of additional specimens of these species if they were abundant; (c) natural habitats of the Cerrado and the Caatinga have been substantially altered or lost in recent decades. Failures either in the design of the IUCN criteria or in their application to assign categories of extinction risks represent an additional important threat to these endemic faunas because their real risks of extinctions become hidden. It is imperative to correct this situation, particularly considering that these species are associated to habitats that are experiencing fast transformation into areas for agriculture, at an unbearable cost for biodiversity.

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Research Article Tue, 10 Jan 2017 04:27:11 +0200
Herpetofauna of the Northwest Amazon forest in the state of Maranhão, Brazil, with remarks on the Gurupi Biological Reserve https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/8215/ ZooKeys 643: 141-155

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.643.8215

Authors: Marco Antonio de Freitas, Ruhan Saldanha Vieira, Omar Machado Entiauspe-Neto, Samantha Oliveira e Sousa, Tayse Farias, Alanna Grazieli Sousa, Geraldo Jorge Barbosa de Moura

Abstract: Understanding the biodiversity of an area is the first step for establishing effective interventions for conservation, especially when it comes to herpetofauna, since 4.1% and 9.2%, respectively, of Brazilian amphibians and reptiles are endangered. The aim of this study is to identify the composition of the herpetofauna occurring in the Northwest Amazonian state of Maranhão, with a focus on the Gurupi Biological Reserve and surrounding areas. Samples were collected between May 2012 and October 2013 (18 months), through pitfall traps, time constrained active search, and opportunistic encounters, and these records were supplemented by specimens collected by third parties and by bibliographic records. A total of 131 species were recorded: 31 species of amphibians and 100 species of reptiles (six testudines, 30 lizards, two amphisbaenas, 60 snakes and two alligators), including some species new to the state of Maranhão and the northeast region of Brazil. This inventory contributes to the knowledge of the herpetofauna for the Belém Endemism Center, the most devastated region of the Brazilian Amazon, and considered poorly sampled.

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Research Article Fri, 6 Jan 2017 18:07:57 +0200
Description of a new species of Parotocinclus (Siluriformes, Hypoptopomatinae) from the rio Tapajós basin https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/9917/ ZooKeys 634: 125-136

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.634.9917

Authors: Fábio Roxo, Gabriel da Costa e Silva, Claudio Oliveira

Abstract: A new species of Parotocinclus is described from three small tributaries of the rio Tapajós basin, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. The new species can be distinguished from its congeners by presenting the following characters: (1) a triangular dark blotch at the anterior base of the dorsal fin, (2) the absence of an adipose fin but presence of one small platelet at typical adipose-fin region, (3) the abdomen completely covered by dermal plates, (4) a pectoral girdle totally exposed, (5) a single series of bicuspid teeth, and (6) the higher number of bicuspid premaxillary and dentary teeth.

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Research Article Mon, 21 Nov 2016 17:44:17 +0200
A new species of Pentamera Ayres, 1852 from the Brazilian coast (Holothuroidea, Dendrochirotida, Phyllophoridae) https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/9769/ ZooKeys 634: 1-14

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.634.9769

Authors: Jessica Prata, Martin Lindsey Christoffersen

Abstract: Pentamera paraibanensis sp. n. is described from more than 3000 specimens as a new species of Phyllophoridae from northeast Brazil, in the tropical southwestern Atlantic. It is distinguished from its congeners by the shape of the calcareous ring with moderate posterior processes, and by the tables in the body wall with a usually quadrilocular disc and a low, toothed spire composed of two pillars. The body is brown, with the tube feet in double rows per ambulacrum, and tentacles more lightly colored. The species was found inside rodoliths in large numbers. This paper contains a morphological description of the specimens, and an account of their habitat characteristics.

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Research Article Mon, 21 Nov 2016 17:25:01 +0200
Rowlandius dumitrescoae species group: new diagnosis, key and description of new cave-dwelling species from Brazil (Schizomida, Hubbardiidae) https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/9337/ ZooKeys 632: 13-34

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.632.9337

Authors: Alessandro Ponce de Leão Giupponi, Gustavo Silva de Miranda, Osvaldo M. Villarreal

Abstract: The Rowlandius dumitrescoae species group is reviewed and rediagnosed, and its composition is revised. The group now includes R. cousinensis, R. decui, R. dumitrescoae, R. insignis, R. linsduarte, R. monensis, R. peckorum, R. potiguar, R. sul, R. ubajara, and R. pedrosoi sp. n. A new species is described from a cave in northeast Brazil (Santa Quitéria, Ceará). Identification keys and distributional maps are provided for the species of the group. Sixteen species of Schizomida, including five of Rowlandius, are currently recognized from Brazil.

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Research Article Wed, 16 Nov 2016 00:22:21 +0200
A new species of Charinus Simon 1892 from Brazil, with notes on behavior (Amblypygi, Charinidae) https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/9980/ ZooKeys 621: 15-36

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.621.9980

Authors: Gustavo Miranda, Milena Milleri-Pinto, Thiago Gonçalves-Souza, Alessandro Giupponi, Nikolaj Scharff

Abstract: A new species of Charinus is described and illustrated from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Charinus ruschii sp. n. is found in Santa Lúcia reserve, Espírito Santo state, and is sympatric with C. brasilianus and C. montanus. The new species can be easily distinguished from the other species of the genus by the combination of the following characters: number of spines on the pedipalp tarsus, size and shape of the female genitalia, shape of the sternum and number of teeth in the cheliceral claw. The behavioral repertory is also described for this species based on five hours of qualitative and 24 hours of quantitative observations in order to define the behavioral categories. Five behavioral categories were detected and 21 behavioral acts. The most conspicuous category was Immobility, followed by Antenniform leg movement, Environmental exploration, Self-grooming, and Feeding. It was also found that juveniles spend longer time inside the shelter, even during peaks of adult activity, which could be related to a survival strategy.

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Research Article Mon, 3 Oct 2016 02:11:52 +0300
Description of Rhodnius marabaensis sp. n. (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae) from Pará State, Brazil https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/9662/ ZooKeys 621: 45-62

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.621.9662

Authors: Eder dos Santos Souza, Noé Carlos Barbosa Von Atzingen, Maria Betânia Furtado, Jader de Oliveira, Juliana Damieli Nascimento, Daniel Pagotto Vendrami, Sueli Gardim, João Aristeu da Rosa

Abstract: Rhodnius marabaensis sp. n. was collected on 12 May 2014 in the Murumurú Environmental Reserve in the city of Marabá, Pará State, Brazil. This study was based on previous consultation of morphological descriptions of 19 Rhodnius species and compared to the identification key for the genus Rhodnius. The examination included specimens from 18 Rhodnius species held in the Brazilian National and International Triatomine Taxonomy Reference Laboratory in the Oswaldo Cruz Institute in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The morphological characteristics of the head, thorax, abdomen, genitalia, and eggs have been determined. Rhodnius prolixus and R. robustus were examined in more detail because the BLAST analysis of a cyt-b sequence shows they are closely related to the new species, which also occurs in the northern region of Brazil. The most notable morphological features that distinguish R. marabaensis sp. n. are the keel-shaped apex of the head, the length of the second segment of the antennae, the shapes of the prosternum, mesosternum and metasternum, the set of spots on the abdomen, the male genitalia, the posterior and ventral surfaces of the external female genitalia, and the morphological characteristics of the eggs. Rhodnius jacundaensis Serra, Serra & Von Atzingen (1980) nomen nudum specimens deposited at the Maraba Cultural Center Foundation - MCCF were examined and considered as a synonym of R. marabaensis sp. n.

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Research Article Mon, 3 Oct 2016 02:10:59 +0300
Two new species of Coleoxestia Aurivillius, 1912 from Brazil (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Cerambycinae, Cerambycini) https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/7851/ ZooKeys 612: 125-132

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.612.7851

Authors: Maria Helena Galileo, Antonio Santos-Silva

Abstract: Two new species of Coleoxestia Aurivillius, 1912 are described from Brazil: C. apeara, and C. moromokoi. Both are included in a previous key.

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Research Article Tue, 23 Aug 2016 19:00:00 +0300
Composition and natural history notes of the coastal snake assemblage from Northern Bahia, Brazil https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/9529/ ZooKeys 611: 93-142

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.611.9529

Authors: Ricardo Marques, Konrad Mebert, Érica Fonseca, Dennis Rödder, Mirco Solé, Moacir Santos Tinôco

Abstract: Information about the snake diversity and their natural history from the Atlantic forest domain in Brazil refer mostly to inland forests than to coastal region. Within the state of Bahia, this knowledge is concentrated to the southeastern coastal stretch. Herein we report on the diversity of snakes from the restinga, ombrophilous forest and anthropogenic environment from the northern Atlantic coast of Bahia. We sampled nine sites for three years and visited four museum collections. Furthermore, we provide anecdotal natural history information, voucher analyses, literature complements, and a key to fascilitate species identification. We report a total of 774 snakes belonging to 50 species and 23 new distribution records for northeastern coast of Bahia, supplemented by new data on feeding and reproduction. The number of detected species is similar to numbers obtained in comparable studies from other Brazilian ecoregions. This study reports and focuses for the first time on all known species of snakes from the northeastern coast of Bahia.

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Research Article Mon, 15 Aug 2016 19:00:00 +0300
An inventory of coastal freshwater fishes from Amapá highlighting the occurrence of eight new records for Brazil https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/9297/ ZooKeys 606: 127-140

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.606.9297

Authors: Bruno F. Melo, Ricardo C. Benine, Ricardo Britzke, Cecile S. Gama, Claudio Oliveira

Abstract: The Amazon Basin occupies a vast portion of northern South America and contains some of the highest species richness in the world. The northern Brazilian state of Amapá is delimited by the Amazonas River to the south, the Oyapock River to the northern boundary with French Guyana, and the Atlantic northeastern coast to Amazon estuary. Despite several expeditions to the Amazon in recent decades, little is known about the freshwater ichthyofauna from Amapá, with records limited to local inventories and species descriptions. This paper presents a compilation of the freshwater fish diversity sampled in fifteen sites covering two major Amapá ecoregions during the dry season of 2015. 120 species representing eight orders and 40 families are reported upon in this work. Eight species appear for the first time in the Brazilian territory providing new information for future conservation status evaluations.

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Research Article Thu, 21 Jul 2016 02:18:15 +0300
Description of a new troglomorphic species of Charinus Simon, 1892 from Brazil (Arachnida, Amblypygi, Charinidae) https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/8580/ ZooKeys 600: 35-52

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.600.8580

Authors: Ana Caroline Oliveira Vasconcelos, Alessandro Ponce de Leão Giupponi, Rodrigo Lopes Ferreira

Abstract: Charinus taboa sp. n. comprises the twenty-second species of the genus described for Brazil. The new species belongs to the eastern Brazilian group, in which all species have sucker-like gonopods. Charinus taboa sp. n. has a marked sexual dimorphism in the pedipalps as do other members of the genus in the country. The description of Charinus taboa sp. n. offers an opportunity to discuss some aspects of ecology, troglomorphism and conservation within the genus. A key to the eastern Brazilian species of Charinus is provided.

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Research Article Wed, 22 Jun 2016 12:54:41 +0300
Description of a new catfish genus (Siluriformes, Loricariidae) from the Tocantins River basin in central Brazil, with comments on the historical zoogeography of the new taxon https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/7400/ ZooKeys 598: 129-157

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.598.7400

Authors: Gabriel S.C. Silva, Fábio F. Roxo, Luz E. Orrego, Claudio Oliveira

Abstract: This study presents the description of a new genus of the catfish subfamily Neoplecostominae from the Tocantins River basin. It can be distinguished from other neoplecostomine genera by the presence of (1) three hypertrophied bicuspid odontodes on the lateral portion of the body (character apparently present in mature males); (2) a large area without odontodes around the snout; (3) a post-dorsal ridge on the caudal peduncle; (4) a straight tooth series in the dentary and premaxillary rows; (5) the absence of abdominal plates; (6) a conspicuous series of enlarged papillae just posterior to the dentary teeth; and (7) caudal peduncle ellipsoid in cross section. We used maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods to estimate a time-calibrated tree with the published data on 116 loricariid species using one nuclear and three mitochondrial genes, and we used parametric biogeographic analyses (DEC and DECj models) to estimate ancestral geographic ranges and to infer the colonization routes of the new genus and the other neoplecostomines in the Tocantins River and the hydrographic systems of southeastern Brazil. Our phylogenetic results indicate that the new genus and species is a sister taxon of all the other members of the Neoplecostominae, originating during the Eocene at 47.5 Mya (32.7–64.5 Mya 95% HPD). The present distribution of the new genus and other neoplecostomines may be the result of a historical connection between the drainage basins of the Paraguay and Paraná rivers and the Amazon basin, mainly through headwater captures.

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Research Article Tue, 14 Jun 2016 09:37:56 +0300
Assessment of the current state of biodiversity data for butterflies and skippers in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea) https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/7856/ ZooKeys 595: 147-161

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.595.7856

Authors: Luziany Queiroz-Santos, Fernando Maia Silva Dias, Rafael Dell'Erba, Mirna Martins Casagrande, Olaf Hermann Hendik Mielke

Abstract: Lepidoptera is one of the four megadiverse insect orders, comprising butterflies and moths. In Brazil, the bulk of knowledge about the butterfly fauna is restricted to some areas in the southeast of the country, with large gaps of knowledge in other areas. The state of Mato Grosso is one of the largest states in Brazil, and holds three of the main Brazilian biomes: Amazon rain forest, Cerrado and Pantanal. However, knowledge about Mato Grosso butterflies is fragmented and restricted to a few localities, and information is scattered in various sources. The aim of this study is to assemble the biodiversity information of the butterfly fauna of the state of Mato Grosso based on historical and recent literature data and collections carried out in the southwest of the state from 2007–2009. Records without precise locality data or taxonomic information were not included. Species identification was based on literature and comparison with specimens in collections; higher and species-level taxonomy were updated based on the Neotropical Checklist of Hesperioidea and Papilionoidea and recent phylogenetic and revisionary taxonomic works. In total, 901 species were recorded in 2,820 occurrence records. This represents 148 species of Hesperiidae, 29 Papilionidae, 28 Pieridae, 77 Lycaenidae, 238 Riodinidae, and 381 Nymphalidae. Of these, 207 species records are from the type specimens of species described in the state. Based on the results and literature records for other Brazilian states and biomes, probably the figures for Mato Grosso are underestimated, particularly in the families Hesperiidae, Lycaenidae and Riodinidae, in that order. Future collecting efforts should be directed towards certain areas of the state, especially in less sampled areas and biomes, as the north of the state and Pantanal.

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Data Paper Fri, 3 Jun 2016 22:38:47 +0300
Three new species of Misionella from northern Brazil (Araneae, Haplogynae, Filistatidae) https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/7951/ ZooKeys 589: 71-96

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.589.7951

Authors: Antonio D. Brescovit, Ivan L. F. Magalhaes, Igor Cizauskas

Abstract: Three new species of the genus Misionella are described from Brazil: M. carajas sp. n. and M. aikewara sp. n. from caves in the states of Pará and Tocantins and M. pallida sp. n. from natural and synanthropic dry areas in the states of Piauí, Maranhão, Rio Grande do Norte and Bahia. These species seem to belong to a distinct group within the genus; the males have an elongate palpal tibia and bulb, a pair of characteristic and hirsute macrosetae in the second metatarsus and the females have internal genitalia with only one pair of spermathecae, with relatively short ducts, lacking the auxiliary receptacles. Their phylogenetic placement and geographic distribution are briefly discussed.

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Research Article Mon, 16 May 2016 23:03:24 +0300
Three new species of mealybug (Hemiptera, Coccomorpha, Pseudococcidae) on persimmon fruit trees (Diospyros kaki) in southern Brazil https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/8065/ ZooKeys 584: 61-82

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.584.8065

Authors: Vitor C. Pacheco da Silva, Mehmet Bora Kaydan, Jean-François Germain, Thibaut Malausa, Marcos Botton

Abstract: Brazil has the greatest insect diversity in the world; however, little is known about its scale insect species (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha). Mealybugs (Pseudococcidae) have been found in at least 50% of persimmon orchards Diospyros kaki L. in the southern part of the country. In this study three new mealybug species on persimmon trees located in the Serra Gaúcha Region, RS, Brazil, namely, Anisococcus granarae Pacheco da Silva & Kaydan, sp. n., Ferrisia kaki Kaydan & Pacheco da Silva, sp. n. and Pseudococcus rosangelae Pacheco da Silva & Kaydan, sp. n. are described. In addition, an identification key for the genera occurring on fruit orchards and vineyards in Brazil is provided, together with illustrations and molecular data for the new species.

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Research Article Mon, 25 Apr 2016 03:28:55 +0300
Stream ichthyofauna of the Tapajós National Forest, Pará, Brazil https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/6659/ ZooKeys 580: 125-144

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.580.6659

Authors: Cárlison Silva-Oliveira, André Luiz Colares Canto, Frank Raynner Vasconcelos Ribeiro

Abstract: The fish fauna of freshwater streams in the Tapajos National Forest was surveyed and a list of species is presented. The sampling was conducted from 2012 to 2013 during the dry season. Fish were collected with dip nets and seine nets in 22 streams of 1st to 3rd order. Sampling resulted in 3035 specimens belonging to 117 species, 27 families and six orders. The most abundant species were Bryconops aff. melanurus, Hemigrammus belottii, and Hemigrammus analis. Four undescribed species were recognized, one of which is known only from the area of this study. A significant dissimilarity was observed in fish species composition among drainage systems. This is the first survey of the stream ichthyofauna in the Tapajós National Forest, and it presents relevant information for future studies and decision-making in the management and conservation of fish fauna in this conservation unit.

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Research Article Tue, 12 Apr 2016 19:19:39 +0300
A new large species of Myloplus (Characiformes, Serrasalmidae) from the Rio Madeira basin, Brazil https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/5983/ ZooKeys 571: 153-167

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.571.5983

Authors: Marcelo C. Andrade, Michel Jégu, Tommaso Giarrizzo

Abstract: Myloplus zorroi sp. n. is described from the Rio Madeira Basin in Amazonia. The new species had been treated as an undescribed Tometes species because of the absence of a marked abdominal keel and few small spines forming its prepelvic serrae, features commonly found in the species of the Myleus clade of the Serrasalmidae (species of genera Myleus, Mylesinus, Ossubtus and Tometes) and also in species of Utiaritichthys. Myloplus zorroi sp. n. shares the following characters with its congeners and Utiaritichthys: molariform teeth (versus incisiform teeth in Myleus clade members); a labial row of premaxillary teeth separated from lingual row by an internal gap (versus absence of internal gap between premaxillary teeth rows); and an ascending process of premaxilla wide from its base to the tip (versus ascending process tapering from its base to the tip). Like other Myloplus species, M. zorroi sp. n. differs from Utiariticthys by having a deeper body, approximately 60% of standard length (versus usually less than 50% of standard length). Considering all the morphological evidence, including the presence of 13–19 low spines forming the prepelvic serrae in M. zorroi sp. n. versus more than 20 high spines forming a marked prepelvic keel in other species of Mylopus, the new species is here assigned to Myloplus. Comparisons of the new species with nominal species of Myloplus, representatives of the Myleus clade, and other related taxa are provided.

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Research Article Mon, 7 Mar 2016 00:00:00 +0200
Culicoides hildebrandoi, a new species of the reticulatus species group from the Brazilian Amazon Region (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae) https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/7341/ ZooKeys 571: 105-111

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.571.7341

Authors: Emanuelle de Sousa Farias, Antonio Marques Pereira Júnior, Maria Luiza Felippe-Bauer, Felipe Arley Costa Pessoa, Jansen Fernandes Medeiros, Maria Clara Alves Santarém

Abstract: A new species of biting midge (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae), Culicoides hildebrandoi sp. n., is described and illustrated based on female and male specimens from the states of Amazonas and Rondônia, Brazil. This new species belongs to the reticulatus species group and differs from the 24 other species of this group by the elongate slightly swollen 3rd palpal segment with scattered capitate sensilla but lacking a sensory pit.

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Research Article Mon, 7 Mar 2016 00:00:00 +0200
Systematic review of the firefly genus Scissicauda (Coleoptera, Lampyridae, Amydetinae) from Brazil https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/6040/ ZooKeys 558: 55-75

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.558.6040

Authors: Luiz Felipe Lima Silveira, Jose Ricardo Mermudes, Milada Bocakova

Abstract: The Amydetinae genus Scissicauda McDermott, 1964 is reviewed and redescribed. We describe S. balena sp. n. from Brazil as new, and provide illustrations of the structural features and a key to species of both sexes.

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Research Article Mon, 1 Feb 2016 22:50:48 +0200
Denopelopia amicitia, a new Tanypodinae from Brazil (Diptera, Chironomidae) https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/5988/ ZooKeys 553: 107-117

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.553.5988

Authors: Galileu P.S. Dantas, Neusa Hamada, Humberto F. Mendes

Abstract: A new species of Denopelopia from Brazil is described based on adult male and pupa. The male of the new species can be distinguished from all other species of the genus by the genitalia and fore-tibial spur morphology. The pupa is very similar to those of D. atria, but it can be distinguished by the absence of distinct constrictions in the respiratory atrium of the thoracic horn. Generic diagnosis to male and pupa of Denopelopia is emended and keys to male and pupae of known species are provided.

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Research Article Thu, 14 Jan 2016 22:30:27 +0200
Two new species of spotted Hypancistrus from the Rio Negro drainage (Loricariidae, Hypostominae) https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/5956/ ZooKeys 552: 123-135

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.552.5956

Authors: Milton Tan, Jonathan Armbruster

Abstract: Two new species, Hypancistrus phantasma and Hypancistrus margaritatus, are described based on material from the Rio Negro drainage. Both species are distinguished from congeners by unique color patterns. Hypancistrus phantasma is described from the Rio Uaupes and differs from congeners by having a tan body with small dark spots (vs. dark with light spots or with saddles or stripes). Hypancistrus margaritatus is described from the Takutu River and differs from congeners by having densely-packed light spots on a dark brown background, with spots about the size of the nasal aperture (vs. sparse light spots either smaller or larger than the nasal aperture, or brown to black spots, saddles, or stripes).

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Research Article Wed, 13 Jan 2016 00:41:37 +0200
Biology and phenology of three leaf beetle species (Chrysomelidae) in a montane forest in southeast Brazil* https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/6214/ ZooKeys 547: 119-132

DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.547.9015

Authors: Vivian Flinte, Ethel Hentz, Barbara Morgado, Anne Lima, Gabriel Khattar, Ricardo Monteiro, Margarete Macedo

Abstract: The population phenology of the cassidines, Coptocycla arcuata and Omaspides trichroa, and the chrysomeline, Platyphora axillaris, was studied at Serra dos Órgãos National Park, State of Rio de Janeiro, southeast Brazil. Monthly surveys of larvae and adults were conducted between 2008 and 2011 at approximately 1000 m altitude on their respective host plants, Cordia polycephala (Boraginaceae), Ipomoea philomega (Convolvulaceae) and Solanum scuticum (Solanaceae). This is the first observation of larviparity and host record for P. axillaris. Although having different life history traits, all species showed similar phenologies. They were abundant from October to March, months of high temperatures and intense rainfall, with two distinct reproductive peaks in the same season. Abundance dropped abruptly during the coldest and driest months, from May to August. Frequently none of these species were recorded during June and July. This phenological pattern is similar to other Chrysomelidae living in subtropical areas of Brazil. Temperature and rainfall appear to be the major factors influencing the fluctuation of these three species.

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Research Article Thu, 17 Dec 2015 12:07:40 +0200