On eight species of jumping spiders from Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China (Araneae, Salticidae)

Abstract Seven new species of jumping spiders collected from Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, China are diagnosed and described: Cytaea tongisp. nov. (♂♀), Dexippus pengisp. nov. (♂♀), Euophrys subwanyansp. nov. (♂♀), Gelotia liuaesp. nov. (♂♀), Irura lvshilinensissp. nov. (♂♀), Rhene menglunensissp. nov. (♂♀), and Siler zhangaesp. nov. (♂). The female of Gelotia zhengi Cao & Li, 2016 is described for the first time.


Introduction
Of the 6173 jumping spider species known worldwide (WSC 2020), more than 500 species and nearly 125 genera have been recorded from China (Metzner 2020). Of these, at least 30 species in 26 genera have been described as new from Xishuangbanna in Yunnan, South China (Peng and Yin 1991;Song 1991;Peng 1995 Comments. The genus Cytaea contains 41 nominal species and is currently known from the Asia and Oceania. It is rather poorly studied, as more than half (22) of its species are only known from a single sex and some species have no diagnostic illustrations and can not be confidently identified. Etymology. The specific name is a patronym after Yanfeng Tong (Shenyang, China), one of the collectors of the new species.
Diagnosis. Cytaea tongi sp. nov. resembles C. oreophila Simon, 1902 known from Indonesia and Singapore by the shape of the copulatory organs and habitus but differs in the following: 1) the RTA is curved towards the bulb medially in ventral view (Fig.  1C), whereas it is curved towards the bulb terminally in C. oreophila (Zhang and Maddison 2015, fig. 554); 2) the RTA is S-shaped and tapering in retrolateral view (Fig.  1B), whereas it is straight and broadening in C. oreophila (Zhang and Maddison 2015, fig. 555); 3) the epigynal window occupies about two-thirds of the epigynal plate ( Fig.  2A, B), whereas it occupies more than nine-tenths of the plate in C. oreophila (Zhang and Maddison 2015, fig. 557). The male of C. tongi sp. nov. also resembles those of C. carolinensis Berry, Beatty & Prószyński, 1998, known from Caroline Island, by the shape of male palp but differs by the following: 1) the RTA is strongly curved medially in ventral view (Fig. 1C), whereas it is straight in C. carolinensis (Berry et al. 1998, fig. 8); 2) the tip of the RTA is blunt in retrolateral view (Fig. 1B), whereas it is pointed in C. carolinensis (Berry et al. 1998, fig. 9).    (Figs 2D-F, 17A) yellow-brown to dark-brown, with dense white and yellow scale-like setae around eyes, stripes of yellow setae posteriorly. Fovea longitudinal, situated between PLEs. Clypeus yellow, covered with dense white setae. Chelicerae (Fig. 18A) pale yellow with 5 promarginal teeth and 1 retromarginal fissident with 2 cusps. Endites, labium, and sternum colored as chelicerae. Legs pale yellow except dorsum of femora green. Spination of leg I: femur d1-1-5; patella p0-1-1, r0-1-0; tibia d1-0-0, p1-2-0, r1-2-0, v2-2-2; metatarsus p2-0-2, v2-0-2. Abdomen ( Fig. 2D-F) elongated oval, dorsum with 2 pairs of muscle depressions medially, irregular pale yellow stripe nearly extending across the entire surface and bifurcated posteriorly, covered with dense brown setae and sparse, long setae; venter pale brown, with 2 rows of spots medially and a large dark spot close to the spinnerets. Palp : femur yellow, about 2.5 times longer than wide, covered with setae; patella colored as femur, almost as long as wide, covered with white setae; tibia stocky, slightly wider than long, with lobe-shaped prolateral apophysis and sclerotized, hookshaped RTA curved towards bulb medially; cymbium longer than wide, covered with dense setae; bulb approximately as long as wide, retrolatero-terminally with 2 round processes; embolus long, completing nearly full flattened coil at base, the base of the embolus mostly hidden by membranous structure on bulb, with blunt tip that reaches cymbial tip.  2G) similar to those of male except paler. Epigyne ( Fig.  2A-C) almost as long as wide, windows large, separated by narrow septum; copulatory openings almost round, situated latero-medially; copulatory ducts extremely short, inverse U-shaped; receptacles oval, about 1.5 times the diameter of the copulatory ducts; fertilization ducts membranous, lamellar.
Distribution. China (Yunnan). Comments. Although differing greatly from the type species of the genus, we place the new species in Cytaea because it is similar to C. oreophila and C. carolinensis, two species already placed in this genus.
Comments. The poorly known genus Dexippus contains three species, one endemic each to Indonesia, India, and China. Two are known from males, and D. to-pali Prószyński, 1992 is known from both sexes. There are three papers that provide diagnostic illustrations of the type species and descriptions of the two other species (Prószyński 1984(Prószyński , 1992Peng and Li 2002). Etymology. The specific name is a patronym in honor of Dr Xianjin Peng (Changsha, China), who has produced many important works on the taxonomy of Chinese jumping spiders.
Female  4F) similar to those of male except paler. Epigyne (Fig. 4A, B) wider than long, with pair of hoods near epigastral furrow; copulatory openings situated medially, separated by anchor-shaped septum; copulatory ducts relatively stout, ascending before extending almost transversely to connect with receptacles; receptacles divided into oval head and body.

Euophrys C.L. Koch, 1834
Type species. Aranea frontalis Walckenaer, 1802 from France. Comments. The genus Euophrys is one of the largest genera of the family Salticidae, currently containing 108 nominal species from the Holarctic, Afrotropical, and Neotropical realms (Prószyński et al. 2018;WSC 2020). The genus is rather poorly studied with 57 species only known from a single sex; some poorly known species have no diagnostic illustrations, and many species are pending re-classification (Prószyński et al. 2018;WSC 2020). To date, 34 species have been recorded from Asia. Of these, 19 species are known from only a single sex: eight males and 11 females. Seven species lack diagnostic illustrations, and one species is known from a description of a juvenile specimen. Presently, 12 species from China have diagnostic illustrations, including seven endemics. Five of these are known from only a single sex (WSC 2020). Etymology. The specific epithet is referring to the similarity with E. wanyan Berry, Beatty & Prószyński, 1996, substantive. Diagnosis. Euophrys subwanyan sp. nov. resembles E. wanyan known from Caroline Island in the Eastern Pacific by the shape of the copulatory organs and habitus but differs by the following: 1) the embolus is directed anteriorly (Fig. 5C), whereas it is directed towards the cymbial prolateral margin in E. wanyan (Berry et al. 1996, fig. 55); 2) the tip of the RTA is directed anteriorly (Fig. 5C), whereas it is directed prolaterally in E. wanyan (Berry et al. 1996, fig. 55); 3) the copulatory ducts are coiled in a 360° spiral (Fig. 6C), whereas they are coiled in a 150° spiral in E. wanyan (Berry et al. 1996, fig. 58 (Fig. 18B) red-brown, with 2 promarginal teeth and 1 retromarginal tooth. Endites, labium and sternum colored as chelicerae. Sternum slightly longer than wide, covered with dark setae. Legs yellow to brown. Spination of leg I: femur d1-1-1; tibia v2-2-2; metatarsus p1-0-0, v2-0-2.  Abdomen ( Fig. 6D-F) elongated oval, speckled bilaterally, dorsum with a scutum covering anterior half, 2 pairs of muscle depressions located medially, and several chevrons posteriorly, covered with white setae, denser at anterior margin; venter dark brown, with 4 rows of spots. Palp (Fig. 5A-D): femur red-brown, about 3 times longer than wide; patella yellow, slightly longer than wide; tibia wider than long, with relatively long RTA slightly longer than tibia in retrolateral view, tapering to a slightly pointed tip; cymbium red-brown, longer than wide, widest medially; bulb longer than wide, with sperm duct relatively stout, meandering retrolaterally and tapering prolaterally; embolus with a coiled base that is perpendicular to the long axis of the palp, slightly curved medially, tip of embolus directed anteriorly.

Euophrys subwanyan
Female  6G) similar to that of male except paler. Epigyne ( Fig. 6A-C) slightly wider than long, windows large, separated by narrow septum; copulatory openings on each side of septum located anteriorly; copulatory ducts curved anteriorly, then coiled 360° to connect with anterior edge of the receptacles; receptacles spherical, touching medially; fertilization ducts originating from the median anterior edge of receptacles, extending almost transversely.
Comments. The new species has been assigned to this genus due to similarity to E. wanyan. However, both species differ from the type species, E. frontalis (Walckenaer, 1802) (i.e. the face without coloured eyebrows, versus distinct eyebrows in E. frontalis; embolic base perpendicular to the long axis of the palp, versus parallel to the long axis of the palp in E. frontalis; RTA is not needle-shaped). Prószyński et al. (2018) doubted the placement E. wanyan in Euophrys and listed it as "Euophrys[?] wanyan". Therefore, the generic placement of the new species is provisional.
Comments. The genus Gelotia contains nine nominal species currently known from East and South Asia, peninsular Malaysia through the Indonesian archipelago to New Guinea (Wijesinghe 1991;WSC 2020). All species are endemic and each is known from a single country, except for G. syringopalpis Wanless, 1984, which is distributed in China, Malaysia, and Borneo. Although the genus was revised by Wanless (1984) and all species have diagnostic illustrations, six species, including the generotype, are known from only a single sex, indicating that Gelotia remains inadequately studied. To date, six species are recorded from Southeast Asia and only two, G. syringopalpis and G. zhengi Cao & Li, 2016, from China (WSC 2020. Etymology. The specific name is a patronym after Shijia Liu (Shenyang, China), one of the collectors of the new species.

Irura Peckham & Peckham, 1901
Type species. Irura pulchra Peckham & Peckham, 1901 from Sri Lanka. Comments. The genus Irura is represented by 16 nominal species that are endemic to Vietnam (2), Malaysia (1), Sri Lanka (1), and China (11). The type locality of I. mandarina Simon, 1903 is unknown other than "Southeast Asia" (WSC 2020). The genus is rather poorly studied. Five species, including the generotype, are known from only females and two species from only males. The generotype, I. pulchra, is the westernmost species, and all other species are known from more than 2000 km east. The concept of the genus suggested by Peng et al. (1993) is followed here. Etymology. The species name is derived from the name of the type locality; adjective.  Diagnosis. The male of I. lvshilinensis sp. nov. can be easily distinguished from other species considered in this genus except for I. uniprocessa Mi & Wang, 2016 from China by lacking a RTA. It can be distinguished from I. uniprocessa by the following: 1) the embolus is about one and a third times the bulb length (Fig. 11C, D), whereas it is almost equal to the bulb length in I. uniprocessa (Mi and Wang 2016, figs 1c, 2a); 2) the cymbial process extends distally above the tibia (Fig. 11B), whereas it does not extend beyond the tibia-cymbium joint in I. uniprocessa (Mi and Wang 2016, figs 1d, 2b). The female of the new species resembles I. yunnanensis (Peng & Yin, 1991,) known from China, in the general shape of the epigyne but differs in the following: 1) the intermediate canal of the receptacles is coiled and forms a loop medially (Fig.  12C), whereas the intermediate canal of the receptacles is only curved in I. yunnanensis (Peng and Yin 1991, fig . 3H); 2) the fertilization ducts are located medially (Fig. 12C), whereas they are located posteriorly in I. yunnanensis (Peng and Yin 1991, fig. 3H (Figs 12D, E, 17E) red-brown, covered with dense black setae, cephalic part with irregular dark stripe medially, thoracic part sloping acutely, with pair of dark stripes. Clypeus brown, with long setae. Fovea indistinct. Chelicerae (Fig. 18E) red-brown, with 2 promarginal teeth and 1 retromarginal fissident with 4 cusps. Endites yellow-brown, labium colored as endites, tip covered with dense, dark setae. Sternum yellow. Legs brown to red-brown; legs I stronger than others. Spination of leg I: tibia v0-2-2; metatarsus v2-0-2. Abdomen (Fig. 12D, E) oval, dorsum with 3 pairs of muscle depressions medially, covered with setae; venter pale, with large, brown markings posteriorly. Palp (Fig. 11A-E): femur red-brown, about 3.5 times longer than wide; patella colored as femur, slightly longer than wide; tibia slightly longer than wide, lacking apophysis; cymbium flattened, longer than wide, proximo-retrolaterally with well-developed process extending above tibia about 1/5 tibial length in retrolateral view; bulb almost round, with sperm duct extending along margin; embolus slender, about 1.3 times bulb length, arising at almost 9 o'clock, with a pointed tip that reaches cymbial tip.

Rhene Thorell, 1869
Type species. Rhanis flavigera C.L. Koch, 1846 from Indonesia. Comments. The genus Rhene with 64 named species has never been revised. Both sexes are not yet known for more than two-thirds (42) of the species, and some are known from juvenile specimens. To date, 19 species have been recorded from Southeast Asia. Of these, 10 are known from only a single sex: seven from males and three from females, and two species are known from juvenile specimens. Presently, 10 species, including five endemics, are known from China (WSC 2020). Etymology. The species name is derived from the name of the type locality; adjective. Diagnosis. The male of R. menglunensis sp. nov. can be easily distinguished from other species of the genus by the conductor having several spinose processes. The female of the new species resembles R. atrata Karsch, 1881 known from Far East Asia in the general shape of the epigyne but differs by the following: 1) the epigynal hood is wider than long (Fig. 14A), whereas it is longer than wide in R. atrata (Logunov 1993, fig. 3C); 2) the fertilization ducts originate from the anterior part of the receptacles (Fig. 14B), whereas they originate from the posterior part of the receptacles in R. atrata (Logunov 1993, fig. 3D).

Siler Simon, 1889
Type species. Siler cupreus Simon, 1889 from Japan. Comments. The genus Siler contains 10 nominal species currently known from East, South, and Southeast Asia. It is rather poorly studied and has not been revised. More than half (six) of the species are known from only a single sex: four from males and two from females. Additionally, one species has never been illustrated. Five species, including an endemic, occur in China (WSC 2020). Etymology. The specific name is a patronym in honor of Dr Junxia Zhang (Baoding, China), who has contributed greatly to the taxonomy of jumping spiders worldwide.

Distribution. China (Yunnan).
Comments. This species is described based on males only, and so there is a possibility it is conspecific to one of the two species (S. flavocinctus (Simon, 1901), S. bielawskii Zabka, 1985 known from only females.