Psallusthomashenryi sp. n. and Psalluslucanicus from Turkey (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Miridae)

Abstract Psallus (Psallus) thomashenryisp. n. (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae: Phylini: Phylina) is described from southern Anatolia, Turkey. Illustrations of the dorsal habitus and male genitalia are provided. Its habitus is similar to other uniformly orange species of the subgenus Psallus Fieber, 1858, particularly P.asthenicus Seidenstücker, 1966 from which it can be easily distinguished by the combination of extremely small size (2.3 mm in both sexes) and different morphology of the vesica. Psallus (Psallus) lucanicus Wagner, 1968 is recorded for the first time from Turkey. Psallus (Psallus) aurora (Mulsant & Rey, 1852) is removed from the list of Turkish fauna based on a reevaluation of the voucher specimen. An updated checklist of the species of Psallus known to occur in Turkey is provided. The relevance of Anatolia and the Syro-anatolian-transcaucasian region in the Palearctic distribution of Psallus is discussed. The westernmost record of another mirid, Plagiognathusmarivanensis Linnavuori, 2010, is provided.

Prior to this study, 34 species of Psallus were known to occur in Turkey. Our study documents two additional species; the first of them, Psallus (Psallus) thomashenryi sp. n., is described from Southern Anatolia, and the second, Psallus (Psallus) lucanicus Wagner, 1968, is recorded for the first time from Turkey. The West-Mediterranean Psallus (Psallus) aurora (Mulsant & Rey, 1852) is removed from the list of Turkish fauna based on a reevaluation of the voucher specimen.

Material and methods
Images of the adults were taken using a Canon D40 camera equipped with a MP-E65 macro lens mounted on a photographic stand; stacked images were combined using Zerene Stacker. Drawings of 10 % KOH-macerated genitalia were made using a Leitz Laborlux S microscope equipped with camera lucida. Measurements were made using an eyepiece micrometer mounted on a Wild M5S binocular microscope. All measurements are in millimeters. Morphological terminology follows Schuh and Slater (1995); terminology of male genitalia follows Konstantinov (2003).
In the transcription of locality labels of types a slash ( / ) is used to indicate data in different rows of a single label; a double slash ( // ) is used to separate different labels; data on the labels are given verbatim.
All specimens mentioned in the text are deposited in the National Museum, Prague, Czech Republic (NMPC). Description. Male. Coloration (Fig. 1). Dorsal coloration almost uniformly orange. Head orange, vertex basally with four small reddish dots arranged in line, frons with five whitish lateral arcs; apex of clypeus whitish. Antennae pale yellowish, scape with faint basal annulation and with two preapical dark dots; labium pale yellowish, apical half of last segment darkened. Pronotum orange with traces of reddish dotting in anterior half; scutellum and hemelytra orange, cuneus basally and apically whitish; membrane pale, hyaline, veins concolorous. Thoracic sterna orange with reddish tinge, legs pale yellowish, femora with irregular orange to reddish-brown dots, more numerous on hind femora; tibial spines black, arising from small dark spots; tarsi uniformly pale.
Structure. Body elongate-ovoid ( Fig. 1), about 2.8 times longer than basal width of pronotum. Head moderately projecting, in dorsal view 2.1 times wider than long, in frontal view 1.5 times wider than high, in lateral view 1.5 times longer than high; ocular index (ratio vertex/eye in dorsal view) 1.6. Antennae with segment II 0.8 times as long as basal width of pronotum. Labium slightly surpassing metacoxae. Hind femora elongate, 3.6 times longer than maximum width; tibial spines long, about twice longer than tibial diameter. Genital segment ventrally unkeeled; phallotheca ( Fig. 2) robust, with a preapical lateral ridge, apex rounded; left paramere ( Fig. 4) broad, apical process straight and thin, sensory lobe short, apically rounded; right paramere ( Fig.  3) elongate, apical process straight; vesica (Figs 5-7) short, C-shaped, provided with robust postbasal lateral spicule extending apically to middle of vesica, terminating in elongate, apically recurved blade, armed with rows of denticles along inner side, and three fingerlike, apically bent blades, almost equal in size, originating near subapical secondary gonopore. Pubescence. Dorsum with reclining pale and semierect blackish setae; the latter few, mostly on head and lateral margins of pronotum.
Female. Coloration similar to males but paler. Structure and pubescence as in males, but body more ovoid, 2.8 times longer than basal width of pronotum; ocular index 2.2. Female genitalia could not be examined due to the imperfectly sclerotized single specimen.
Differential diagnosis. The dorsal coloration almost uniformly orange and the Cshaped vesica with elongate apical processes show clearly that the new species belongs to the subgenus Psallus s. str. Its total length, 2.3 mm in both sexes, makes it one of the smallest species in the subgenus; only a few species have a body length less than or equal to 2.5 mm, namely P. corsicus Puton, 1875 and P. jeitensis Wagner, 1963, but their coloration and male genitalia differ from those of the new species. By its habitus, Psallus thomashenryi is very close to the East-Mediterranean P. asthenicus Seidenstücker, 1966, from which, as from any other species of its genus, it can be distinguished by the char- acteristic male genitalia, especially the unique apical blades of the vesica. In particular, P. asthenicus is larger (body length 2.8-3.1 mm), the postbasal lateral spicule of the vesica is membranous and its apical blades are horn-like, gradually tapering, apically pointed, and the central one is shaped like the head of a bird (see Seidenstücker 1966, figs 25a, 25b).
Etymology. The new species is named in honor of our colleague Thomas J. Henry on his 70th birthday in recognition of his great contribution to the advancement of heteropterology and as a token of personal friendship and gratitude. The specific epithet is a noun in the genitive case.

Conclusions
As a result of this study, a total of 36 species of Psallus are confirmed to occur in Turkey, as detailed in the following updated checklist (see Kerzhner and Josifov 1999, Lodos et al. 2003, Önder et al. 2006, Konstantinov and Namyatova 2008, Matocq and Pluot-Sigwalt 2011, Aukema et al. 2013, Matocq et al. 2014, Dursun and Fent 2017, Çerçi and Koçak 2017. An E* indicates the species endemic for the country; non-endemic species are followed by a reference for Turkey.

Checklist of Psallus from Turkey
Psallus (Apocremnus) anatolicus Wagner, 1963E* (Wagner 1963 Psallus (Apocremnus) anticus (Reuter, 1876) (Hoberlandt 1956) The total number of 36 species is comparable to the number of species of Psallus occurring in other northern Mediterranean countries such as France (31) or Italy (34), but with an important difference in the percentage of endemic species. France has no endemic species and Italy has only two endemics, both restricted to Southern Italy and/or Sicily, which make 5.9 % of the total number (Wagner 1975a, Kerzhner and Josifov 1999, Schuh 2013. In Turkey, 12 of a total of 36 species are endemic, with a percentage of 33.3 %. With the exception of Psallus (Phylidea) quercicola (Reuter, 1904), known also from the European part of Turkey, all Turkish endemic species of Psallus are known only from Anatolia (Seidenstücker 1959(Seidenstücker , 1962(Seidenstücker , 1966a(Seidenstücker ,b, 1972Linnavuori 1994;Lodos et al. 2003;Önder et al. 2006;Konstantinov and Namyatova 2008;Matocq and Pluot-Sigwalt 2011;Matocq et al. 2014;Dursun and Fent 2017). Moreover, one species, Psallus dionysos Simon & Strauss, 2014, is endemic to the Greek island of Lesbos, divided only by a narrow strait from the western coast of Anatolia (Simon and Strauss 2014) and another, Psallus (Apocremnus) cyprius Wagner, 1977, is endemic to Cyprus, not far from the southern coast of Anatolia (Linnavuori 1994). A similar high level of endemism occurs in two areas adjoining Anatolia, the Transcaucasian and the Syrian regions. In the three countries of Transcaucasia (Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia) 23 species of Psallus are known, 9 of which are endemic, with a percentage of 36 % (Zaitzeva 1968, Drapolyuk 1991, Kerzhner and Josifov 1999, Konstantinov and Namyatova 2008, Schuh 2013. In the countries of the Syrian region (Jordan, Iraq, Israel, Lebanon, Syria) 11 species of Psallus are known to occur, 9 of which are endemic, with a high percentage of 72.7 % (Wagner 1975a, Linnavuori 1984, Kerzhner and Josifov 1999, Carapezza 2002, Schuh 2013. In addition to the area considered above, the Palearctic region has two more centers of endemism for the genus Psallus: a minor one in the western Mediterranean (four endemic species in Spain, two in Italy, and one in Algeria) (Wagner 1975a, Kerzhner and Josifov 1999, Konstantinov and Namyatova 2008, Schuh 2013, Pagola-Carte 2017) and a major one in the Palearctic Far East of Asia (seven endemic species in the Far East of Russia, seven in the Korean Peninsula, seven in China, and nine in Japan) (Josifov 1983, Zheng and Li 1990, Li and Zheng 1991, Vinokurov 1998, Kerzhner and Josifov 1999, Yasunaga and Vinokurov 2000, Duwal et al. 2012, Schuh 2013, Duwal and Lee 2015. These data show the high relevance of the Syro-anatolian-transcaucasian region as center of origin of the speciation process of the genus Psallus for the Western Palearctic.