Henryognathusthomasi, a new genus and new species of Arctostaphylos-feeding plant bug from western North America (Miridae, Phylinae, Phylini)

Abstract Henryognathus, new genus, with the single included new species H.thomasi, is described from western North America. The taxon is recorded as feeding on species of Arctostaphylos (Ericaceae) in California and Arizona. Coloration and many morphological attributes are similar to species of Plagiognathus Fieber, but the structure of the male genitalia is distinctive.


Introduction
Among the North American members of the subtribe Phylini: Oncotylina Menard 2013, Menard et al. 2014), the genus Plagiognathus Fieber is the most speciose, while having structurally rather homogeneous male genitalia and great similarity in many somatic features. Certain other taxa, however, are somatically similar to Plagiognathus, but possess distinctive male genitalia, including Americodema Henry, Occidentodema Henry, and Lineatopsallus Henry. In the present paper we describe an additional new taxon, Henryognathus thomasi, whose male genitalia are also distinct from the nearly 100 North American species placed in Plagiognathus by Schuh (2001), but which we also place in the Oncotylina.

Dedication
This paper, and the new taxa described in it, are dedicated to Thomas J. Henry in recognition of his contributions to our knowledge of Miridae and Lygaeoidea. Through a combination of extensive fieldwork, coupled with faunistic, revisionary, and phylogenetic studies, Tom has advanced our understanding of true bug taxonomy and host associations. On behalf of all heteropterists who have had occasion to use the collections of the United States National Museum of Natural History, we recognize the contributions Tom has made to the organization, presentation, and content of the collections of that institution, bringing to light its status as one of the world's truly great resources for the study of true bugs.

Materials and methods
In total, 338 specimens were examined during the present study. "Unique specimen identifiers" (USIs), composed of an institution and project code (AMNH_PBI) and a unique number (00414919), were affixed to each specimen. Specimen data can be viewed on line through: research.amnh.org/pbi/heteropteraspeciespage/, discoverlife. org, and idigbio.org/portal. Measurements were prepared using a digital micrometer attached to a movable stage, the data being recorded directly to a spreadsheet; all measurements are in millimeters. Habitus images were prepared using a Microptics-USA/ Visionary Digital photomicrographic system as developed by Roy Larimer; multiple layers were stacked using Helicon Focus software. Illustrations of the male genitalia were prepared as pencil drawings by using a Nikon Eclipse 80i microscope, then scanned and rendered using Adobe Illustrator.
The following institutional acronyms are used in the specimens examined section for specimen deposition:

Diagnosis.
Recognized by the elongate ovoid body, the moderately prognathous head, the pale tibiae with contrasting dark spots at the bases of the dark spines (Fig. 1A, B), the tarsal claws of moderate length, broad at base, bent medially, with a small, flaplike pulvillus just proximad of bend in claw, and the structure of the male genitalia, with elongate, slender, curving apical endosomal spines, the ventral spine conspicuously bifurcating at a point significantly proximal to the secondary gonopore ( Fig. 2A). Body form, head shape, and tibial coloration similar to most Plagiognathus species, but proximal bifurcation of "ventral" strap of endosoma unlike the condition seen in Plagiognathus, as are the longer, more slender, curving apical spines (Schuh 2001: figs 20-33).
Genitalia (Fig. 2): Endosoma strongly twisted and bent medially, basal portion of moderate and uniform width; apical spines long, slender; ventral spine conspicuously bifurcating at a point significantly proximal to the secondary gonopore; endosoma with a broad rectangular flange proximal to secondary gonopore; secondary gonopore moderately large and strongly sclerotized, with a projecting sclerite proximally.
Phallotheca: L-shaped, with a broad posterolateral opening on distal portion. Left paramere short, anterior process with a strong subapical seta; right paramere elongate, parallel sided over most of length, with a fingerlike apex.
Female: Very similar in shape and proportions to male (Fig. 1B). Coloration as in male. Female genitalia: Not examined.
Etymology. A combination of Henry (Thomas J. Henry) and -gnathus, from the Greek gnathos, jaw, in reference to the similarity with species of Plagiognathus.
Discussion. Henryognathus falls within the diagnosis of Plagiognathus Fieber, as rendered by Schuh (2001), with the exception of the structure of the male genitalia.
Henryognathus thomasi sp. n. http://zoobank.org/1B8709C8-6708-4951-B2F2-E621FD40789F Figures 1, 2, Table 1 Diagnosis. Recognized by the moderate size, pale, yellow to yellow-orange coloration in preserved specimens (Fig. 1A, B.), the antennae black in male except segment 1 pale on basal half and with pale apical annulus (Fig. 1A, B), sometimes with central 2/3 of segment 2 pale; and by the structure of the male genitalia (Fig. 2). Among North American taxa most easily confused with species of Americodema and Occidentodema based on pale coloration and head shape, but lacking the black stripe on the dorsal surface of metafemur as found in those taxa, and pale Plagiognathus species (e.g., P. luteus Knight), but easily distinguished by its longer, slender, curving apical spines on endosoma, as opposed to the bladelike apical spines in Plagiognathus (Schuh 2001: figs 20-33). Description. Male: Very elongate ovoid, of moderate size; mean total length 3.73, mean length apex clypeus-cuneal fracture 2.56, mean width across pronotum 1.04 (Table 1).
Coloration (Fig. 1A, B): General coloration pale, yellowish or yellow orange, translucent; membrane pale, veins of cells white; antennal segment 1 pale on basal twothirds, nearly black on distal third with a pale apical annulus with subapical black spine on interior surface, remaining antennal segments entirely black, or segment 2 sometimes pale medially; labium infuscate at apex; legs generally pale, hind femur with weak dark spots distally; tibiae with dark spines on dorsal surface at bases of black spines, hind femur black at femoral articulation.
Structure: Hemelytra sloping laterally, corial margins very weakly convex; frons tumid, clypeus visible from above; head projecting below eye by diameter of antennal segment 1; labium reaching to at least posterior margin of abdominal sternum 4. Tarsal claws as in generic description. Genitalia (Fig. 2): In addition to attributes in generic description, ventral spine smoothly curving over an arc of nearly 180 degrees, dorsal spine bent but not uniformly curving. Phallotheca L-shaped, with a broad posterolateral opening on distal portion. Left paramere short, anterior process with a strong subapical seta. Right paramere elongate, parallel sided over most of length, with a fingerlike apex.
Etymology. Named for Thomas J. Henry. Hosts. Arctostaphylos pungens Kunth, A. viscida Parry ( fig. 1C, D), and A. sp. (Ericaceae). We regard the very few specimens labeled as occurring on Mimosa biuncifera Benth. (Fabaceae), Quercus turbinella Greene (Fagaceae), and Rhamnus californica Eschsch. (Rhamnaceae) to represent either sitting records or the result of commingling of specimens in the field. A total of 54 specimens was collected at light or host information was not recorded by the collector.
The habit of feeding on Arctostaphylos is shared with other Phylinae such as Arctostaphylocoris arizonensis Schuh and Schwartz, A. manzanitae (Knight), Atractotomus schwartzi Stonedahl, four species of Ceratopsallus Schuh (Schuh 2006), the two known species of the orthotyline genus Melymacra Schwartz, four species of the mirine genus Phytocoris Hahn, and the dicyphine Tupiocoris killamae Schwartz and Scudder. In all of these cases the distribution of the bugs on their hosts can be extremely patchy. Distribution (Fig. 3)

Discussion
See diagnosis.