New records of Limoniidae and Pediciidae (Diptera) from Croatia

Abstract New records are provided for Limoniidae and Pediciidae from Croatia, with new distribution records for species in 12 different genera. Four genera and 18 species are newly recorded for Croatia. Until now, including this data, 87 Limoniidae and eight Pediciidae have been recorded from Croatia. In this paper we confirm presence of Ormosia (Oreophila) bergrothi (Strobl, 1895) and we give the first records of Dicranota (Paradicranota) pavida (Haliday, 1833) and Molophilus (Molophilus) repentinus Starý, 1971 from Balkan Peninsula.


Introduction
Pediciidae or hairy-eyed crane flies comprise slender tipuloid like flies. Species belonging to subfamily Pediciinae have carnivorous larvae and are connected with the wet environments (Kolcsár et al. 2012). The adults can be found near the larval habitats (brooks, springs, small rivers), and they are mostly found in riparian vegetation. Most of the species are mountainous. In some species males can produce massive swarms (e.g. Pedicia (Amalopis) occulta (Meigen, 1830), Dicranota (Paradicranota) pavida (Haliday, 1833)). Limoniidae or short-palped crane flies are a paraphyletic group (Petersen et al. 2010) of various sized tipuloid like flies, which larvae occupy different habitats (Ujvárosi 2005, Ujvárosi and Póti 2006, Kolcsár et al. 2013. A large part of genera bind to wet environments and some are truly aquatic (e.g. Antocha). From Western Palaearctic region 77 Pediciidae and 735 Limoniidae species are reported (Oosterbroek 2015).

Material and methods
In the course of various ecological and taxonomic projects and surveys by Marija Ivković, many limonid and pedicid flies were collected by means of emergence traps set in springs, tufa barriers, streams and small rivers at nine sites in Plitvice Lakes National Park and at two sites at Krka National Park. Traps were emptied once a month, at the end of each month. Each trap had a surface area of 45 × 45 cm (and height 50 cm), was fixed in the sediment of the stream, and contained 2% formaldehyde; six traps were placed at each location on various types of microhabitats. At majority of sites traps were placed for one year (two sites at Krka River) or two years (majority of sites in Plitvice Lakes), but at three sites at Plitvice Lakes (spring of Bijela rijeka, tufa barrier Labudovac and tufa barrier Kozjak-Milanovac) they were placed for seven years, for additional details see Ivković et al. (2014). Each trap was recorded with the initial "P" and a number, e.g. "P4", is pyramid emergence trap no. 4. All flies were collected from March 2007 to October 2014.

Faunistic records
The following format is used for the records given here: name of the site, followed by the sampling date (in the case of collections from the pyramid emergence traps, the trap number is also given, e.g. "P1" is pyramid emergence trap number 1), and the number of sampled specimens. New species for Croatia are listed with * before the name of the species. All the sites are listed in Table 1. All mentioned distribution data are from Catalogue of the Craneflies of the World (Oosterbroek 2015). Comments. A semi-aquatic species which can be found along flowing and standing waters (Kolcsár et al. 2013). In the Balkans it is recorded from Bulgaria, Croatia, Macedonia and Slovenia.

*Molophilus (Molophilus) brevihamatus Bangerter, 1947
New record. Spring of Krka River, 7.vii.2011, 1♂ Comments. A characteristic species along mountainous waters in Carpathians, Alps and Balkan high mountains (Pirin, Rila). Probably the microclimate of the spring provides right condition for the species in lower altitude. In the Balkan Peninsula it is recorded from Bulgaria and Slovenia.

*Molophilus (Molophilus) bifidus Goetghebuer, 1920
New record. Spring of Bijela rijeka, Plitvice Lakes, 4.9.2012, P1, 1♂ Comments. This species is associated with springs and head waters (Ujvárosi 2005 Comments. This species has a sporadic distribution, with erroneous remark on type-locality. Oosterbroek and Simova-Tosic (2004) suggested that the type-locality is not in Croatia and removed the species from Croatian checklist. This is the first confirmation of this species present in Croatia and Balkan Peninsula.

Subfamily Limoniinae
Antocha ( Comments. Species reported from the different types of calcareous rocky habitats, which are covered with moss and/or algae. In the Balkan Peninsula it is reported from Croatia, Greece and Slovenia.

Discussion
In this paper we report for the first time four genera (Lipsothrix Loew, Paradelphomyia Alexander, Rhabdomastix Skuse and Tricyphona Zetterstedt) and 18 species new for Croatia. Including our results, eight Pediciidae and 87 Limoniidae have now been recorded from Croatia.
Oosterbroek and Simova-Tosic (2004) summarized the literature data of Former Yugoslav states, in which they reported 72 limonid and four pedicid species from Croatia and additional limonid species is reported by Starý and Oosterbroek (2008). This number is only the fragment of the real species number, which is supported by our results. Tipuloidea fauna is better studied in some neighboring countries, Slovenia has 11 species of Pediciidae (P) and 106 of Limoniidae (L), while Hungary has 12 species of Pediciidae and 132 of Limoniidae, however a similar number of species was reported from Bosnia and Herzegovina (6 P and 69 L), Serbia (8 P and 68 L) and Montenegro (9 P and 59 L). It is evident from these numbers that much remains to be discovered about the Tipuloidea fauna of Croatia and entire Balkan Peninsula.