Annotated type catalogue of the Chrysididae (Insecta, Hymenoptera) deposited in the collection of Radoszkowski in the Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków

Abstract A critical and annotated catalogue of 183 types of Hymenoptera Chrysididae belonging to 124 taxa housed in the Radoszkowski collection is given. Radoszkowski type material from other institutes has also been checked. Six lectotypes are designated in Kraków (ISEA-PAN): Chrysis acceptabilis Radoszkowski, 1891; Chrysis persica Radoczkowsky, 1881; Chrysis daphnis Mocsáry, 1889; Chrysis lagodechii Radoszkowski, 1889; Chrysis remota Mocsáry, 1889 and Chrysis vagans Radoszkowski, 1877. The lectotype of Brugmoia pellucida Radoszkowski, 1877 is designated in Moscow (MMU). Four new combinations are proposed: Philoctetes araraticus (Radoszkowski, 1890), comb. n.; Pseudomalus hypocrita (du Buysson, 1893), comb. n.; Chrysis eldari (Radoszkowski, 1893), comb. n.; and Chrysura mlokosewitzi (Radoszkowski, 1889), comb. n.. Ten new synonyms are given: Chrysis auropunctata Mocsáry, 1889, syn. n. of Chrysis angolensis Radoszkovsky, 1881; Chrysis chrysochlora Mocsáry, 1889, syn. n. and Chrysis viridans Radoszkowski, 1891, syn. n. of Chrysis keriensis Radoszkowski, 1887; Chrysis angustifrons var. ignicollis Trautmann, 1926, syn. n. of Chrysis eldari (Radoszkowski, 1893); Chrysis maracandensis var. simulatrix Radoszkowski, 1891, syn. n. of Chrysis maracandensis Radoszkowski, 1877; Chrysis pulchra Radoszkovsky, 1880, syn. n. of Spinolia dallatorreana (Mocsáry, 1896); Chrysis rubricollis du Buysson, 1900, syn. n. of Chrysis eldari (Radoszkowski, 1893); Chrysis subcoerulea Radoszkowski, 1891, syn. n. of Chrysis chlorochrysa Mocsáry, 1889; Chrysis therates Mocsáry, 1889, syn. n. of Chrysis principalis Smith, 1874; and Notozus komarowi Radoszkowski, 1893, syn. n. of Elampus obesus (Mocsáry, 1890). One species is revaluated: Chrysis chalcochrysa Mocsáry, 1887. Chrysis kizilkumiana Rosa is the new name for Chrysis uljanini Radoszkowski & Mocsáry, 1889 nec Radoszkowski, 1877. Pictures of seventy-seven type specimens are given.


Introduction
Oktawiusz Wincenty Bourmeister-Radoszkowski was an expert in Hymenoptera. He was born on August 7, 1820 in Łomża (Poland), as the son of a lawyer. Thanks to his teacher, Prof. Antoni Waga, he became interested in natural history, and especially in entomology. In 1838 Radoszkowski moved to St. Petersburg (Russia) and joined the Artillery Officers School. Once graduated, he had the opportunity to visit various parts of the Russian Empire and collect insects. Later, while teaching at the Artillery Academy in St. Petersburg, Radoszkowski organised private entomological meetings with some of his colleagues, mainly officers and officials of the Russian army. Together they decided to create the Russian Entomological Society, which was founded in 1859. Radoszkowski was a very active member of the Society, collecting funds for scientific trips, publications, and the library and establishing contacts with other entomological societies in Europe. He was vice-chairman of the Society from 1861 to 1866, and then Chairman from 1867 to 1879. As a retired general in 1879 Radoszkowski settled in Warsaw (Poland), where he continued his scientific work until his death on May 13, 1895 (Dylewska et al. 1973). The Radoszkowski collection currently contains nearly 30,000 specimens, including some Hymenoptera from Eduard Friedrich Eversmann's collection, mainly Ichneumonidae.
The aim of this article is to provide label information, bibliographic data, current status, remarks for the type material, and to resolve confusion regarding previous lectotype designations, incorrect combinations, synonymies, placement in species groups and repository of these types.
The handwritings of Radoszkowski, Eversmann, du Buysson, and Mocsáry are easily recognized (Rosa 2009) and are helpful in the identification of the type material; almost all of the labels are easily legible, even those in Cyrillic. In only one case the labels have to be interpreted: some taxa described by Radoszkowski in 1891 (Chrysis ambigua, C. murgrabi, C. nova, C. semenovi, C. singula, C. subcoerulea, C. unica) bear the same labels -"TR-CAP" [Trans-Caspia] or Saraks [in 2 cases], but not the locality included in the text (Ashkabad). The same inconsistency was observed in other museums with types by Radoszkowski (1891).
Fedtschenko's codes: specimens collected by Fedtschenko and published by Radoszkowski (1877) bear recognizable printed locality labels in cyrillic. The dating labels have a complicated code: the day is written on a square coloured label; the collecting month is related to the colour (lilac = April; pink = May; blue-green = June; yellow = July; dark blue = August; orange = September); the year is given by different marks: no marks (1879), black line on lower side (1870), and red line on upper side (1871). This code is necessary in order to recognize the type material in collection. The detailed list of the localities visited by Fedtschenko during his expedition to Russian Turkestan and the Kokan Khanate is given by Baker (2004).
Some selected types are here illustrated, such as the newly designated lectotypes. Photographs of the types were taken with Nikon D80 connected to the stereomicroscope Togal SCZ and stacked with the software Combine ZP; the white calibration of the photocamera was applied to reduce the blue effect of the neon light of the Togal microscope.
Types and other specimens have been examined from the following institutions: identified by Radoszkowski as Brugmoia pellucida and not as Euchroeus quadratus, the second Euchroeus collected by Fedtschenko in his journeys (Radoszkowski 1877); it was collected in the same locality, month and year (E. quadratus was collected on Mt. Karak on the 7 th of May); no other specimen of Brugmoia pellucida identified by Radoszkowski or collected by Fedtschenko was found in MMU, HNHM, MNHN, MNHU and MSNG. In Kimsey and Bohart (1991: 296), it is listed under the name Brugmoia pellucida Radoszkowski ambigua Rad. det. Mocsáry / id nr. 115650 HNHM Hym. coll. Another syntype is housed in MNHU. Linsenmaier (1959: 175;1968: 112) and Rosa et al. (2013: 15) placed it in the C. cerastes group, but Kimsey and Bohart (1991: 381) placed it in the C. taczanovskii group.

Chrysis branicki Radoszkovsky, 1877
Chrysis Branicki Radoszkovsky 1877 (1876) Remarks. The type locality is probably misinterpreted: Radoszkowski gave "Egypt" as the type locality, but the true type locality should be Caucasus. In fact, the original description is provided in a paper discussing the Russian Hymenoptera (Matériaux pour servir à une faune hyménoptèròlogique de la Russie) in which all of the other species described were collected in Caucasus. In the same journal, Radoszkowsky listed the material collected in Egypt by Count Branicki, the Polish nobleman who financed many scientific trips to Egypt and who sponsored Professor Waga, Radoszkowski Christ, 1791. Kimsey andBohart (1991: 475) placed C. caucasica and C. sexdentata in synonymy with C. variegata Olivier, 1791. All the authors before Bohart (1991) (e.g. Mocsáry 1889: 597;Dalla Torre 1892: 87;Bischoff 1913: 29;Trautmann 1927: 86) andafter (e.g. Linsenmaier 1997: 286;Rosa 2005: 90, Strumia 1995, with the only exception of Mingo (1994), considered C. variegata as a synonym of Euchroeus purpuratus (Fabricius, 1787). For detailed considerations see Linsenmaier (1997) and Rosa (2005). It belongs to the C. smaragdula group sensu Kimsey and Bohart (1991 Radoszkowski]. Remarks. The type is badly damaged missing the head, pronotum, fore-legs, and some tarsi of the hind-legs. It is closely related to C. tenella Mocsáry, 1889; the main difference is the shape of the pits in the pit-row of the third tergite. Mocsáry (1889) described the two species mainly based on the colouration. Since the body colouration and the pits in the pit-row may be variable, C. chalcophana could be synonym of C. tenella. It belongs to the C. millenaris group.
Remarks. Bohart (in Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 396) designated a female collected at Tashkent in HNHM as the lectotype. After type examination, we found that Chrysis chrysochlora is the female of C. keriensis Radoszkowski, 1887.
The name C. chrysochlora is commonly found in collections because Linsenmaier (1959: 161) included C. chrysochlora and the subspecies korbiana Mocsáry, 1912 in his revision of the European species. In recent years only Tarbinsky (2000: 193) used C. chrysochlora as a valid name in the key of the C. ignita group of Tian-Shan. Nevertheless, there is no reason to ask for the reversal of precedence (Art. 23.9 of the Code) and we propose the new synonym Chrysis chrysochlora Mocsáry, 1889 = Chrysis keriensis Radoszkowski, 1887. It belongs to the C. ignita group.

Chrysis circe Mocsáry, 1889
Chrysis ( Remarks. Bohart (in Bohart and French 1986: 341) designated a female collected in Transcaspia and housed at HNHM as the lectotype, and it was later placed in the C. scutellaris group in synonymy with C. soror (Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 464). Bohart's lectotype belongs to another species group: the C. maculicornis group sensu Kimsey and Bohart (1991) or C. cerastes group sensu Linsenmaier (1959Linsenmaier ( , 1968, being similar to C. annulata du Buysson and related species. Rosa et al. (2014)  Remarks. As in other cases of taxa described in 1891 (e.g. C. simulatrix and C. unica), the specimens considered as syntypes bear the generic locality label "Trans-Caspia" and not "Ashabad". A female syntype is housed in HNHM and bears the following labels: Trans-Caspia / consobrina var. nova <handwritten by Radoszkowski> / Chrysis scutellaris v. nova Rad. det. Mocsáry / id nr. 115649 HNHM Hym. coll. It was described as a variation of C. consobrina, and it matches with the paralectotypes of C. consobrina in the Radoszkowski collection. It belongs to the C. scutellaris group and it is closely related to C. soror Dahlbom, 1854. Current status. Chrysis maracandensis Radoszkowski, 1877 (synonymised by Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 436).   Remarks. The type is seriously damaged: it lacks metasoma, tibia and tarsi of the fore-and the hind-legs, the right mid-leg, and tarsi of the left mid-leg. It matches Linsenmaier's interpretation of the species (1968: 81) and it is not a synonym of C. viridula Linnaeus, 1761 as stated by Mocsáry (1887: 14). It belongs to the C. viridula group.

Chrysis cylindrica Eversmann, 1857
Current status. Chrysis cylindrica Eversmann, 1857.  Radoszkowski]. Kimsey and Bohart (1991: 401) considered C. daphnis as a synonym of C. cylindrica Eversmann, 1857, while Linsenmaier (1959Linsenmaier ( , 1968Linsenmaier ( , 1997 interpreted C. daphnis as a valid species, providing keys and descriptions. Linsenmaier's interpretation was correct and C. daphnis is a valid species strictly related to C. consanguinea Mocsáry. Mocsáry (1889) described C. consanguinea based on two females (not male and female) from Sicily and Algeria. The two syntypes, examined and housed in MHNG, belong to two different species: C. daphnis and C. consanguinea. Therefore two lectotype designations are needed to place order in this group. We here designate the lectotype based on the specimen selected by Radoszkowski in his revision of the genital capsulae (1889). The paralectotype is damaged: the head lacks the antennae (except the left scapus) and it is glued on the mesosoma; it lacks the right metatibia and tarsi. The lectotype designation of C. consanguinea will be given in a subsequent paper. Remarks. Radoszkowski (1889: 33) emended the species name to C. demabendae from the name of Mt. Demabend. C. demabendae must be considered as an invalid emendation for C. demavendae Radoczkowsky, 1881 according to the Art. 32.5.1 of the Code. The species is closely related to C. sexdentata Christ, 1791. It belongs to the C. smaragdula group sensu Kimsey and Bohart (1991 Remarks. Bohart (in Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 403) designated the lectotype on a female collected at Zaravshan and housed in MMU. It belongs to the C. taczanovskii group.

Chrysis diademata Mocsáry, 1889
Chrysis ( Radoszkowski]. Remarks. The two syntypes are badly damaged. Kimsey and Bohart (1991: 408), without type examination, placed it in the C. smaragdula group because Radoszkowski described C. erivanensis in the section: "Ano sex-dentatae". Radoszkowski described the anal margin of C. erivanensis as follows: "troisième segment finement variolo-chagriné, sa base bleuâtre; points de la serie profonds, inégales; les quatre dents interieures egales élancées; les dents latérales éloignées, remontant vers la base du segment, très peu accentué". The anal margin of C. erivanensis has four teeth and two lateral rounded swellings, which cannot be considered as true teeth. Even if the the apical margin of the third tergite is unusual, this species can be included in the C. ignita group for all the other characteristics.

Chrysis excisa Mocsáry, 1889
Chrysis ( Kimsey and Bohart (1991: 409), considered C. excisa as a new species and not a replacement name. If the second interpretation is correct, the male bearing the dissected genitalia could be considered as the holotype, because Radoszkowski drew and described only the male genitalia. Two females without locality labels, but with handwritten name by Radoszkowski, could be considered as part of the type series, but they were not mentioned in the description. They bear the following labels: first specimen: 267 2 [handwritten] // excisa Moc Chevrieri Ab. [handwritten by Radoszkowski]; second specimen: 267 7 [handwritten]. Radoszkowski (1889: figs 52, 53, 55) in his collection dissected three specimens with similar colour and habitus, belonging to the comparata group: one from France (identified as C. excisa), one from Orenbourg (C. analis), and one from Caucasus (C. perrinii). He did not consider that Chrysis analis was described on specimen collected in Liguria (bordering France) and not from specimens collected in central Russia (Orenbourg on the Ural River). Consequently, Radoszkowski mistakenly identified the Russian specimens as C. analis, and therefore the French specimen as different species based on the very different genital capsula. Mocsáry described this species based only on Radoszkowski's drawings. However, the shape of the genital capsula of C. excisa Mocsáry is clearly the same of C. analis Spinola, and the examination of the types confirm this synonym. Trautmann (1927: 171) and Linsenmaier (1951: 105) already considered C. excisa as synonym of C. analis, while Kimsey and Bohart (1991: 405) listed C. excisa as a valid name. We here confirm the synonym C. excisa Mocsáry, 1889 = C. analis Spinola, 1808. It belongs to the C. comparata group.

Chrysis exigua Mocsáry, 1889
Chrysis ( Radoszkowski]. Remarks. Radoszkowski (1877: 13) described Chrysis foveata (nec foveata Dahlbom, 1845) based on some syntypes (at least 1 ♂ and 1 ♀ collected at Maracand [currently Samarkand] and in the Zaravshan valley). Later Mocsáry (in Radoszkowski 1889) gave the replacement name C. genalis. In the same paper, Radoszkowski (1889: 18;figs 35a, 35b) drew some precise line-drawings of the genital capsule of the male housed in his collection. We do not consider this male as the male syntype, because collected at Tashkent on the 1 st of May, day and locality not included in the original description; it bears the labels: golden rounded label // Tachkend Rosa and Hosseinali (2013). The specimen housed in MMU and considered as holotype by Kimsey and Bohart (1991: 490  Remarks. Kimsey and Bohart (1991: 534) synonymised Chrysis himalayensis with Praestochrysis shanghaiensis. The affinity was already noticed by Radoszkowski (1889: 31). However, the type shows apparent differences in comparison with the male of P. shanghaiensis. In particular the double TFC, the relative length of antennomeres, the distance between the posterior ocelli, the shape of the metanotal projection, etc. These characteristics confirm that this species could be a valid species.

Chrysis indigotea Dufour & Perris, 1840
Chrysis indigotea Dufour  Remarks. Linsenmaier (1959: 162)  Remarks. The specimen is partly damaged, and the metasoma is glued to the mesosoma. Mocsáry (1889) described Chrysis lepida based on at least two specimens collected at Erivan and preserved in the Radoszkowski collection and in HNHM. Bohart (in Bohart and French 1986: 342)  Remarks. Lectotype designated by Bohart (in Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 436) based on a male housed in MMU. All the specimens are males and not females as written in the original description. In the Radoszkowski collection there is another specimen collected at Taschkent, also with the golden rounded label, which is not considered as a paralec-totype because the locality label is printed in Latin [Tachkend], while all the specimens described in 1877 bear labels printed in Cyrillic. It belongs to the C. scutellaris group.
Remarks. Radoszkowski described C. maracandensis var. simulatrix based on a syntype series. In his collection there are five specimens under the label simulatilis (sic). Four of them were collected at Sarakhs, while the fifth was collected in "Trans-Caspia" and bears the label handwritten by Radoszkowski "var. simulatilis". The latter can be considered as a syntype, in the same way of other species described in 1891 and bearing the same locality label. All the specimens belong to C. maracandensis Radoszkowski Remarks. The type is partly damaged: it lacks the left antenna, nine flagellomeres of the right one, and the left fore-leg after the coxa. It belongs to the C. comparata group.
Current status. Chrysura mlokosewitzi (Radoszkowski, 1889), comb. n. Figure 4 Chrysis ( Remarks. According to Kimsey and Bohart (1991: 435) the syntypes of Chrysis murgrabi are preserved in the Radoszkowski collection. The description of C. murgrabi was based on one male and one female, but now there is only one male specimen left in the collection. It is badly damaged, the right forewing is missing, and the metasoma was found in the box and glued on a separate label. The locality given on the label (Transcaspia) is not accurate, compared with the locality given in the text (Murgrab = Murgab, currently in Tajikistan), however it cannot be excluded from the syntypes based only the locality, because the specimens described by Radoszkowski in 1891 bear not precise locality labels. Radoszkowski (1893b: 81) emended the name to C. murgabi, but this name must be considered as an unjustified emendation according to the Art. 32.5.1 of the Code. It belongs to the C. maculicornis group.

Chrysis mocsaryi Radoszkowski, 1889
Current status. Chrysis maculicornis Klug, 1845 (synonymised by Kimsey and Bohart 1991). Remarks. Kimsey and Bohart (1991: 461)  Remarks. After Mocsáry's monograph (1889: 183), C. persica was always considered as a synonym of C. pumila Klug. Linsenmaier (1959: 171) revalidated the taxon at first, but after a few years he changed his interpretation and placed C. persica again in synonymy with C. pumila (Linsenmaier 1987: 155). Since one of the two syntypes is seriously damaged, we here designate the lectotype of C. persica and confirm that it is synonym of C. pumila Klug, 1845 (= C. pumila sensu Linsenmaier (1987)); the case is discussed in detail in Rosa and Xu (2015). The lectotype lacks some flagellomeres (3-11) from the left antenna, some tarsi on the left fore-leg; head and propleurae are partially separated from the rest of the body.
In order to preserve the nomenclatural stability, we propose the reversal of precedence (Art. 23.9 of the Code) and we consider Chrysis pulchra as nomen oblitum and Chrysis dallatorreana as nomen protectum. According to Code, the reversal of precedence can be applied only when the two following conditions are both met: when the senior synonym has not been used as a valid name after 1899 (Art. 23.9.1.1) and when the the junior synonym has been used in at least 25 works, published by at least 10 authors in the immediately preceding 50 years and encompassing a span of not less than 10 years (23.9.1.2).

Remarks.
According to interpretation of the species by Linsenmaier (1968) and Kimsey and Bohart (1991), Chrysis remota belongs to the C. graelsii group. The lectotype designation is necessary because the syntypes belong to two different species. The specimen selected as lectotype belongs to the C. graelsii group, while the paralectotype to the C. maculicornis group.

Chrysis rutilans var. asiatica Mocsáry, 1889
Chrysis ( Remarks. The type is seriously damaged: it lacks the left antenna and the right flagellum, the mid-and hind-legs; the face is partially covered by glue; the prothorax is glued to the mesothorax; the metasoma is glued on a separate label. In the description, Radoszkowski listed only three males, but the picture of the species (table II, picture 11) undoubtedly shows a female with an exserted ovipositor. Another syntype is found in MMU and it was considered as the holotype by Kimsey and Bohart (1991), it bears the following labels, 7. [pink label with red line] / Каракъ [printed] / Chrysis sabulosa Rad. <handwritten red label>. According to Kimsey and Bohart (1991)  Remarks. The type is seriously damaged, without metasoma and some flagellomeres of antennae. This specimen is also the second syntype of C. uljanini Radoszkowski, 1877. Mocsáry (1889) Radoszkowski].
Remarks. The type is in bad condition: it lacks the left flagellum, both fore wings, as well as mid-and hind-legs. The metasoma was found on the bottom of the box and glued on the locality label.
Remarks. The type is seriously damaged: it lacks the metasoma. Moreover, dermestid damage caused the loss of compound eyes, part of the occiput, left antenna, right flagellum, and both fore-legs. The specimen is pinned, and the pin has broken the mesothorax. It belongs to the C. aestiva group.
Current status. Chrysis sardarica Radoszkowski, 1890. Remarks. Bohart (in Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 461) designated the lectotype and placed Chrysis semenovi in the C. comparata-scutellaris group. The three specimens labelled by Bohart were found under the label C. semenovi R. and belong to two different species. However, the two specimens considered as paralectotypes have not been labelled by Radoszkowski and do not match the original description. On the anterior surface, the colour of the first tergite is blue contrasting with the red colour of the remaining part of the segment. According to the original description "Abdomen régulièrment scrobiculé feu-doré; premier segment tirant au jaune-doré, les deuxième et troisième plus rouges [...]".

Chrysis semenovi
The specimen selected as lectotype belongs to the cerastes group and not to the comparata-scutellaris group. Radoszkowski himself added in his diagnosis: "Voisine de Chr. incerta Rad.". C. semenovi is very close to C. annulata Abeille de Perrin (in du Buysson), 1887, and the main characteristics which allows separation of the two species is the shape of the transversal frontal carina. In C. annulata there are two branches directed backwards on the vertex, while in C. semenovi the transversal frontal carina is simple, without branches on the vertex. Remarks. Radoszkowski described this species based on a syntype series ("7-8 1/3 mill."). Nowadays in the collection there is only one specimen bearing the locality label and the handwritten label "singula" by Radoszkowski Linsenmaier (1959: 109;1968: 62) used the name Chrysis grohmanni ssp. bolivari Mercet, 1902 (erroneously written bolivieri) for the specimens belonging to C. singula Radoszkowski; Linsenmaier clearly wrote that he did not know C. singula Radoszkowski. Kimsey and Bohart (1991: 416) Radoszkowski].

Chrysis sznabli Radoszkowski, 1891
Chrysis Sznabli Radoszkowski 1891a: 196. Remarks. The type lacks two segments of the left antenna, right wings, tibia and tarsi of the left fore-leg as well as tarsi of the right hind-leg. It is closely related to C. chalcophana Mocsáry; the main difference is found only in the third tergite, particularly in the shape of the pit-row. It belongs to the C. millenaris group.
Current status. Chrysis tenella Mocsáry, 1889. Remarks. Kimsey and Bohart (1991: 438) synonymised Chrysis therates with C. mediocris Dahlbom, 1845 without type examination. C. therates is cleary separated from C. mediocris even though it belongs to the C. smaragdula group. The type perfectly matches Mocsáry's description, but this specimen seems to be collected in another biogeographical region. Shape and colour pattern are typical of the Oriental Region. We identify this species as Chrysis principalis Smith. We did not examined the type of C. principalis yet, however this specimen matches all the specimens of C. principalis observed in different collections, including those in Linsenmaier's collection, who examined Smith types (pers. comm. based on unpublished manuscripts found in NML). Very likely, Mocsáry described C. therates as a new species because bearing the label "Senegal", and no other African species shares similar characteristics. The locality label of C. therates could be in error or this specimen could be accidentally introduced into Senegal by commerce. In fact, Senegal was on the commercial way from South Asia to Europe, and the specimen could be present on any ship along this route. Therefore, we propose the new synonym: C. therates Mocsáry, 1889= C. principalis Smith, 1874 Current status. Chrysis principalis Smith, 1874.

Chrysis tolteca Mocsáry, 1889
Chrysis ( Remarks. In Kimsey and Bohart (1991: 407), Chrysis transcaspica was placed in synonymy with C. elegans Brullé, 1833  Remarks. Bohart (in Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 473) designated the lectotype at MMU. In Radoszkowski's collection, under the name Uljanini R. there are three male specimens belonging to the C. cerastes group, with very short F-I and F-II: one male paralectotype of C. uljanini, and other two specimens with the same particular colour and thoracic punctuation. The first specimen is the syntype (currently paralectotype) listed by Radoszkowski as: Ϲтепь м. Ϲ. д. и Т. Remarks. Mocsáry (1889) studied two specimens of Chrysis uljanini lent by Radoszkowski. The female was the syntype collected at Zaravshan on the 27 th May 1896, while the male was erroneously considered as syntype. In fact, the male specimen was collected at Kizilkum on the 30 th of August 1870 and was not listed in the original description by Radoszkowki (1877), therefore it cannot be considered as a syntype. Radoszkowki (1889: fig. 51) drew the genitalia of this specimen in the revision of the genial capsulae of the Chrysididae. The male belongs to a different species and is conspecific with the male paralectotype of C. uljanini Radoszkowki collected at Tashkent and housed in ISEA-PAN. Mocsáry (1889) understood that the two specimens of C. uljanini belong to two different species: Clariss.
[imo] Auctor [Radoszkowski] sub nomine Chrys. Uljanini, secundum specimina typica, duas descripserat species bene distinctas et ego denominationem solum ad marem, etiam depictum, restringo et feminam distinguendae esse censeo [based on the type specimens, Radoszkowski described two well distinct species under the name Chrysis Uljanini and I limit this name only to the male, also depicted, and the female has to be separate].
At the beginning of 1990 the situation was clear: there were two species (C. uljanini and C. sarafashana) belonging to two different species groups (C. cerastes and C. ignita groups), but the lectotype of C. uljanini should be still designated, based on the male syntype, housed in Krakow and collected at Tashkent, to fix the current interpretation of the two species. Bohart (in Kimsey and Bohart 1991) designated one female syntype found in MMU and belonging to the C. ignita group as the lectotype of C. uljanini. Thus, the name C. sarafashana fallen in synonymy with C. uljanini and the males belonging to the C. cerastes group, till then known as C. uljanini, remained without any name.
To clarify the situation, we consider the name C. uljanini Radoszkowski & Mocsáry, 1889 as a junior primary homonym of C. uljanini Radoszkwski, 1877. In fact, Mocsáry did not study nor redescribe the syntype male of C. uljanini, but a different specimen collected at Kizilkum. The evidence of the description of a new species can be found in Mocsáry's text (1889: 436) and in the index (1889: 633): Mocsáry considered this taxon as C. uljanini Radoszkowki & Mocsáry, 1889 andnot as C. uljanini Radoszkowki, 1877. This is the only case in which Mocsáry added his name after the original author name. Therefore all the citations of C. uljanini published from 1889 until Bohart's monograph (1991) (excluding Semenov-Tian-Shanskij andNikol'skaja 1954) should be referred to this taxon.
Since C. uljanini Radoszkowski & Mocsáry, 1889 has to be considered as a primary homonym of C. uljanini Radoszkowki, 1877, we replace it with C. kizilkumiana Rosa, new name. The etymology of this name refers to the collecting place. The holotype of this species is the male studied by Mocsáry and bearing the following labels: "Kizilkum 30 Aug 1870" and "Uljanini Rad. Mocs" [handwritten by Mocsáry]. The accurate description of this taxon is given by Mocsáry (1889: 436) and the drawing of the genital capsule is given by Radoszkowki (1889: tab. IV, fig. 51 Remarks. One male paralectotype is housed in MMU (Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 558). Chrysis vagans is the type species of the genus Spintharina Semenow. We here designate the lectotype on the specimen housed in ISEA-PAN because the specimen in the Fedtschenko collection in MMU does not belong to the same species. The latter belongs to a similar species with different face in frontal view, without distinct TFC and characteristic antero-basal lobe on the third tergite. It belongs to the S. vagans group.

Chrysis viridans
Current status. Chrysis keriensis Radoszkowski, 1887. Remarks. Móczár (1997: 39) designated the lectotype of Cleptes morawitzi in MNHU. Three paralectotypes are housed in Kraków. The male bears a label with only part of the dissected genitalia. Radoszkowski (1889: 6, tab. I) delineated it in his revision on the genital capsules of the Chrysididae ( fig. 4a, 4b, 4c). In the description, Radoszkowski did not mention the number of specimens examined, but in the type series there were males and females, and the number of specimens examined was not less than eight (comparing the dates of collection), thus we consider the specimens in the Kraków collection as paralectotypes. They match the original description and the lectotype in MNHU. Five paralectotypes are also housed in Fedtschenko's collection in MMU, one paralectotype is deposited in MSNG (Rosa 2009 Remarks. The examination of the type confirms that the name Elampus bidentatus is merely an incorrect spelling of E. bidentulus (Lepeletier, 1806). Eversmann listed this species as "Elampus bidentatus Klug, Dalbm". But the identification label attached to the type specimen reads "Elampus bidentulus Kl. Dlbm" in Eversmann's handwriting. Dahlbom (1854)  not examine Lepeletier's type and based his keys and description on a single specimen labelled by Klug as E. bidentulus in MNHU. The specimen matches the current interpretation of P. bidentulus (Lepeletier) (Rosa 2006a;Rosa and Xu 2015)  Remarks. The specimen was originally pinned, and later glued on a plastic label. The right fore-leg is glued apart; it lacks some tarsi in all the legs, with the exception of the right fore-leg and the left hind-leg.

Hedychrum radoszkowskyi du Buysson, 1893
Remarks. The type is partially damaged: it lacks the right antenna and left flagellum. The type locality is different from the one given by du Buysson: Africa instead of Algeria. This information is particularly important, because the species has a typical sub-saharan aspect, and it does not belong to the Palaearctic fauna, as supposed by all Figure 10. Hedychrum mlokosiewitzi Radoszkovsky, 1877, syntype, habitus, dorsal view. the authors. Linsenmaier (1999: 45)   Remarks. The collecting dates do not match the localities given in the original description. However, the same situation was found in the other four specimens housed in the Fedtschenko collection in MMU. Therefore a case of lapsus calami must be happened and we consider these specimens and those in MMU as syntypes. Another possible male syntype collected at Kizil-kum by Fedtschenko was also found in Gribodo collection (MSNG, not listed in Rosa 2009). Mocsáry (1889: 116) introduced the correct emendation He. solskyi. In Radoszkowski (1889) and Kimsey and Bohart (1991: 235) Radoszkowski].
Remarks. The specimen found in the Radoszkowski collection under the name Spintharis mocsaryi was collected by Mlokosewicz in "Caucasus". In the original description, the locality is not given. The specimen matches the original description. The most important authors (Mocsáry 1889, Dalla Torre 1892, Bischoff 1913, du Buysson (in André) 1896, Zimmermann 1927, Balthasar 1953, and lastly Linsenmaier 1968) considered S. mocsaryi as a valid species. It is a synonym of Spintharina vagans (Radoszkowski). Bohart (1987) did not list S. mocsaryi in the key to the genus Spintharis, probably he already considered S. mocsaryi as a synonym of S. vagans. Current status. Spintharina vagans (Radoszkowski, 1877)  Remarks. Stilbum splendidum caspicum is one of the colour variations of S. cyanurum (Forster, 1771). Current status. Stilbum cyanurum (Forster, 1771).
Remarks. The holotype is housed in MNHN (general collection, box 47). The rest of the original series is in Kraków: one male (Ctenb m. d u t [printed], 19 [printed, pink label], label with genitalia; box 61) and one female (TR-Cap Saraks [printed]). However the two specimens must be excluded from the type series because the author based his description on a single specimen, which must be considered as holotype by monotypy: "Je possède un spécimen qui m'a été envoyé de Russie par M. le général O. Radoszkowsky, bien connu par ses écrits hyménoptérogiques." It belongs to the comparata group.

Remarks.
In the original description Gribodo listed only two specimens: one in his collection (Rosa 2009) and one in the Drewsen collection. In Radoszkowski's collection, there are other specimens from the original series: four specimens collected in Australia, two females and two males [box 60]. The males are marked with golden labels -one rounded and one square and they belong to two different species; the specimen with the square one bears a label with the name Radoszkowsky [handwritten by Gribodo?]; these specimens cannot be considered as syntypes, since they were not included in the original series and there is any evidence to state that Gribodo examined them. Current status. Primeuchroeus radoszkowskyi (Gribodo, 1879) (transferred by Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 542).
Remarks. Bohart (in Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 464) designated the lectotype in MMU and placed Chrysis speciosa in the maculicornis group. Radoszkowski indicated only the female in the description of C. speciosa on pag. 17, but he gave no further informations or type locality for the var. β described at pag. 18. The specimen was collected at Ворухъ [= Vorukh], locality not mentioned in the description. The specimen housed in Kraków could be referred to the β variety but belongs to the comparata group.
Remarks. The type locality is "Mongolie: Kansu-Kobden-Owatu". Kimsey (in Kimsey and Bohart 1991: 215) designated the lectotype at MNHN. In MNHN (box 17 in the general collection) under the name Hedychrum lama there are two specimens: one from Mongolia, labelled by du Buysson as "type", and bearing a red label "Type" pinned by someone else; the other specimen from Quetta, Pakistan (Baluchistan, leg. Nurse, 1904), was labelled by du Buysson as "type". None bears Kimsey's lectotype label. The specimen from Pakistan is not a syntype, since it is not mentioned in the type series, and it was collected or received after the date of description. The female housed in Kraków (label: Hedychrum lama Buyss. ♀ [handwritten by du Buysson] // Kansu Taitong-Che 1/V 1886 [handwritten]) was later cited by du Buysson (1893: 247) and it is not a type. The specimen from Mongolia in MNHN must be considered as a holotype by monotypy.
Types not found in the Radoszkowski collection Kimsey and Bohart (1991) listed nine other taxa described by different authors whose types should be housed in Kraków, but there is no other published evidence that they