Revision of the plant bug genus Xenocylapidius (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Miridae, Cylapinae), with descriptions of five new species from Australia and New Caledonia

Abstract The genus Xenocylapidius Gorczyca, 1997 is revised. Five new species: Xenocylapidius acutipennis sp. n., Xenocylapidius ater sp. n., Xenocylapidius bimaculatus sp. n., Xenocylapidius gemellus sp. n., and Xenocylapidius rolandi sp. n. are described from Australia and New Caledonia. Illustrations of the male genitalia, color photographs of dorsal and lateral views of the adults of all species, and key to species of the genus Xenocylapidius are provided.


Introduction
With 75 species included in 28 genera (Schuh 2002(Schuh -2013Gorczyca 2006;Wolski 2012;Wolski and Gorczyca 2014) the Cylapinae in the Australian Region remain one of the most poorly known mirid subfamilies. Most of our knowledge about the Australian representatives of the Cylapinae is based on Carvalho and Lorenzato (1978), who reviewed the Papuan cylapines, Cassis et al. (2003), and Moulds and Cassis (2006), who provided revisionary treatments of the Australian species of Vaniini and the genus Peritropis Uhler, 1981, respectively.
The genus Xenocylapidius was described by Gorczyca (1997) to accommodate a new species X. tamasi. Subsequently, Gorczyca (1999) added two species -X. australis and X. gressitti, provided a redescription of the genus and type species and a key to species. Gorczyca (2006) transferred Rhinomiridius bioculatus Girault to Xenocylapidius and synonymized X. australis with this species.
In this contribution, we revise the genus Xenocylapidius and describe five new species. All previously known species are diagnosed, and identification key to species is provided.

Materials and methods
Observations were made using an Olympus SZX12 stereomicroscope and an Olympus BX50 optical microscope. Color pictures of the adults (Figs 1-15) were taken with an ALTRA 20 digital camera. Additional information on the pictured specimens is given in the species treatments.
Measurements were taken using an eyepiece (ocular) micrometer; all measurements are given in millimeters. The total body length is defined by the length from the apex of the clypeus to the posterior margin of the membrane, and the body width by the length between the lateral margins of the hemelytra at their widest point. Lengths and widths of the head are defined as follows: length, from the apex of the clypeus to the occipital carina; width, between the outer margins of each eye; diameter of eye, between the outer and inner margin of eye; length of the antennal and labial segments, between the base and apex. Lengths and widths of the pronotum are defined as follows: length, measured between the anterior and posterior margins; width of the anterior margin, between anterior angles; length of lateral margin, between the anterior and humeral angles; width of the posterior margin, between the humeral angles.
Dissections of male genitalia were done according to Kerzhner and Konstantinov (1999). The terminology of the male genitalic structures follows Konstantinov (2003) and Cassis (2008). The following additional terms for the elements of the endosoma are used in this paper: AR -apical ring -apical portion of basal sac, composed of tiny spiculi and denticles, not forming a fully closed ring; BP -basal plate -irregularly shaped, sclerotized plated situated at base of the endosoma; times covered with a few bristlelike, protruding setae apically; segment II weakly broadened toward apex, covered with moderately dense, semirecumbent setae and sometimes with sparse, bristlelike, protruding setae on apical half; segments III and IV thin, with diameter about twice as thin as diameter of segment II, mixed with long, moderately dense, semirecumbent setae and with a few, bristlelike, protruding setae; labium thin, reaching medial part of abdomen or beyond; segment I subdivided near medial part, extending beyond base of head to anterior edge of xyphus; segment II subdivided subapically. Thorax. Pronotum. Trapezoidal; collar present, thin; humeral angle usually furnished with single, bristlelike, rather long, protruding seta; calli moderately convex, broad, occupying anterior two thirds of pronotum; lateral margin usually strongly carinate and somewhat elevated, rarely weakly carinate and not elevated; posterior margin arcuate. Mesoscutum and scutellum. Mesoscutum well exposed; scutellum flattened or weakly convex. Thoracic pleura. Proepisternum and proepimeron shiny; remaining pleura matte; scent gland efferent system broad, occupying entire ventral margin of metepisternum. Hemelytron. Usually covered with very short, relatively dense, adpressed, black setae, rarely with sparse, relatively long, protruding setae; membrane with major cell nearly rectangular, minor cell clearly present. Legs. Relatively long; profemur usually with several protruding, thick, relatively long setae on inner surface; tarsus bisegmented; tarsomere II subdivided medially; pretarsal claw toothed subapically.

Key to species of Xenocylapidius
Most similar to X. gemellus in sharing the brownish yellow mottling on dorsum (Figs 1, 5), the rounded extreme apex of apical process of left paramere when viewed dorsally (Figs 19,35), and the sickle-shaped right paramere. This new species can, however, be distinguished by the dark brownish antennal segment and shape of the endosoma (Figs 16).
Description. Male. COLORATION (Figs 1,9). Dorsum mostly with mottled, brownish yellow coloration. Head. Vertex and frons mottled with dark brown and yellow; remainder of head dark red with yellow mottling; antennal segment I dirty yellow, with an indistinct, dark yellow tinge basally and with a reddish tinge occupying apical one third of inner surface; segment II dark brown; labium dark brown with indistinct, dirty yellow areas. Thorax. Pronotum. Collar yellow; calli dark brown, with broad, yellowish mottling; anterior margin weakly tinged with red medially; lateral margin and posterior lobe dark brown, tinged with red and dirty yellow; humeral angle and medial portion of posterior margin yellow. Mesoscutum and scutellum. Mostly reddish; mesoscutum weakly tinged with dark brown medially and with dirty yellow area bordering portion being depressed onto lateral margin; scutellum reddish with dirty yellow patch apically. Thoracic pleura. Proepimeron and proepisternum mostly dark brown with reddish areas; remaining pleura reddish, with indistinct yellowish areas. Hemelytron. Corium and clavus dark brown, mottled with yellow; cuneus dark brown, weakly tinged with red, inner angle yellow, apex with a small, dirty yellow patch; membrane fuscous with indistinct, dirty yellow areas. Legs. Procoxa dark brown, dirty yellow apically; meso-and metacoxae yellow; femora dirty yellow brown with reddish areas; tibiae dark brown; tarsi dirty yellow brown. Abdomen. Dark brown with large dirty yellow areas. STRUCTURE, TEXTURE, AND VESTITURE (Figs 1,9). Head. Antennal segment II weakly broadened toward apex, covered with moderately dense, adpressed and semirecumbent setae, sparse on basal one-fifth of segment II and dense on remainder of segment. Thorax. Pronotum. Lateral margins sharply carinate, somewhat elevated. Mesoscutum and scutellum. Scutellum weakly convex. Hemelytron. Covered with short, relatively dense, adpressed, black setae.
Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin "acutus", meaning sharpened, and is used to denote the sharply pointed mesial process (MS) of the endosoma.
Type material. Diagnosis. Recognized by the black dorsal coloration (Fig. 2); the antennal segment II with a yellow annulation apically (Figs 2, 10); the endosomal dextrolateral sclerite (DLS) nearly square on basal one third and triangular on apical two thirds (Fig. 21); the extreme apex of apical process of left paramere when viewed dorsally nearly conelike (Fig. 24); the sensory lobe (SL) of left paramere long, weakly arcuate in dorsal view (Fig. 24); and the right paramere with an apical process broadened with a narrow, nearly conelike process apically (Fig. 25).
Most similar to X. rolandi in sharing blackish dorsal coloration (Figs 2, 7). Xenocylapidius ater can, however, be easily distinguished by the lack of large white patches on hemelytron (Fig. 2), the coloration of antennal segment II (Figs 2, 10), and the shape of the male genitalia (Figs 21-25).
Description. Male. COLORATION (Figs 2, 10). Dorsum mostly blackish with small yellow and dirty yellow areas. Head. Black with yellowish patches; vertex with two yellow patches each situated behind each eye and with additional two longitudinal, yellow patches, each bordering inner margin of each eye, vertex also with a small yellow patch medioapically; frons with two groups of several small, yellowish patches, each situated laterally, near inner margin of eye, frons also with a small, yellow patch medioapically, nearly bordering base of clypeus; clypeus with a short, longitudinal, yellow patch basally; mandibular plate with two small, yellow patches basally, each bordering base of clypeus; mandibular plate also with a yellow line along entire length of ventral margin; ventral surface of maxillary plate and dorsal surface of gula, bordering maxillary plate with a relatively large, yellow patch; gula with a relatively large, yellow patch bordering ventral margin of eye; antenna black except for contrasting yellow annulation at apical one fifth of antennal segment II; labium black with an indistinct, dirty yellowish annulation medially. Pro-and mesocoxae black; metacoxa dirty yellow; femora black; mesofemur with a small, dirty yellow patch subapically; metafemur with relatively broad, yellow annulation subapically; tarsi dirty yellow. Abdomen. Blackish with indistinct, dirty yellowish areas. STRUCTURE, TEXTURE, AND VESTITURE (Figs 2, 10). Antennal segment II weakly broadened toward apex, covered with moderately dense, adpressed and semirecumbent setae, sparse on basal one-fifth of segment II and dense on remainder of segment. Thorax. Pronotum. Lateral margins sharply carinate, somewhat elevated. Mesoscutum and scutellum. Scutellum weakly convex. Hemelytron. Covered with very short, relatively dense, adpressed, black setae.
Measurements. Holotype ♂: Body. Female. Unknown. Biology. Unknown. Distribution. Australia (Western Australia) (Fig. 31). Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin "ater", meaning black, and is used to denote the blackish dorsal coloration.
Most similar to X. rolandi in sharing a large, pale patch near base of hemelytron (Figs 3, 7). The present new species can, however, be distinguished by the chocolate brown dorsum (Fig. 3) and the shape of the male genitalia (Figs 26-30).
Description. Female. COLORATION (Figs 3, 11). Dorsum chocolate brown, with yellow areas. Head. Chocolate brown with whitish areas; posterior margin of vertex with two indistinct, dirty yellow patches, each situated mediolaterally, vertex also with two longitudinal, yellowish patches, each bordering inner margin of each eye and with a longitudinal, yellow stripe medially; frons with two yellow patches, each situated laterally and with yellow patch medioapically, bordering clypeus; clypeus with a short, longitudinal, yellow patch basally; mandibular plate with two small, yellow patches basally, each bordering base of clypeus, mandibular plate also with a yellow line along entire length of ventral margin; gula with relatively large, yellow patch bordering ventral margin of eye; antennal segment I chocolate brown with a yellowish annulation near base; segment II dirty yellow to brown, apical one third dark brown; segments III and IV dark brown; labium yellow, with fuscous areas. Thorax. Pronotum. Chocolate brown, with indistinct yellow mottling on anterior half of calli and with indistinct yellow stripe medially, originating from middle of pronotal calli and ending at posterior margin. Mesoscutum and scutellum. Chocolate brown with a pale patch apically. Thoracic pleura. Chocolate brown. Hemelytron. Chocolate brown with indistinct yellowish shades and more or less developed whitish areas; embolium with a small whitish patch basally and apically; corium and embolium with a large, whitish patch near base; cuneus with a small yellow patch apically; membrane chocolate brown, membrane venation whitish. Legs. Procoxa chocolate; meso-and metacoxae yellow; profemur chocolate brown; protibia brownish; protarsus dirty yellow. Abdomen. Brown with yellow areas. STRUCTURE, TEXTURE, AND VESTITURE (Figs 3, 11). Head. Antennal segment II weakly broadened toward apex, covered sparse, adpressed setae, sparse on basal one-fifth of segment II and dense on remainder of segment. Thorax. Pronotum. Lateral margins sharply carinate, somewhat elevated. Mesoscutum and scutellum. Scutellum weakly convex. Hemelytron. Covered with short, relatively dense, adpressed, black setae.

Male genitalia. Aedeagus
Measurements. ♀/♂ (n=3, holotype measurements in parentheses). Body. Biology. Unknown. Distribution. Australia (South Australia) (Fig. 31). Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin "bi", meaning two, and "macula", meaning spot, and is used to denote the presence of two large dorsal patches, each situated near base of each hemelytron.
Most similar to X. acutipennis in sharing a brownish yellow mottling on dorsum (Figs 1, 5), the rounded extreme apex of apical process of the left paramere when viewed dorsally (Figs 19, 35), and sickle-shaped right paramere. This new species can, however, be distinguished by the dark dirty yellow antennal segment (Fig. 5) and the shape of the endosoma (Figs 32).

Diagnosis.
Recognized by the following set of characters: dorsum with a mottled, dark brownish yellow coloration (Fig. 6); pronotal collar indistinct; femora entirely blackish, except for pale yellow annulation at basal one third of mesofemur.
Most similar to X. bimaculatus in sharing large, pale patch near base of hemelytron (Figs 4, 7, 47). The present new species can, however, be distinguished by the blackish dorsum, with a large, white patch situated on hemelytron apically (Fig. 7, 47), and the shape of the male genitalia (Figs 37-41).
Description. Male. COLORATION (Figs 7, 14, 47). Dorsum blackish with large white areas. Head. Mostly white; vertex fuscous; frons with two small, fuscous patches, each contiguous with inner margin of each eye and surrounding antennal insertion; gula blackish; antennal segments I and II fuscous; labial segment I blackish; remainder of labium dirty yellow. Thorax. Pronotum. Black. Mesoscutum and scutellum. Black. Thoracic pleura. Black. Hemelytron. Mostly black; corium and clavus with large, white patch near base; apex of embolium, apicolateral surface of corium, and medial portion of inner margin of cuneus with a large white patch; membrane dark grey. Legs. Procoxa black; meso-and metacoxae yellow, with a fuscous patch basally; femora and tibiae black; metafemur with a narrow, reddish annulation subapically and yellow, narrow annulation apically; metatibia with a yellow annulation basally and dirty yellow tinge at apical one third; tarsi dirty yellow. Abdomen. Black. STRUCTURE, TEXTURE, AND VESTITURE (Figs 7, 14, 47). Head. Antennal segment II weakly broadened toward apex, covered with moderately dense, semirecumbent setae, sparse on basal one-fifth of segment II and dense on remainder of segment, apical one fourth also with sparse, bristlelike, protruding setae. Thorax. Pronotum. Lateral margins incarinate, not elevated. Mesoscutum and scutellum. Scutellum flattened. Hemelytron. Covered with very short, relatively dense, adpressed, black setae.