Addition to the study of the genus Dusona (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Campopleginae) in Korea with description of a new species and key to the Korean species

Abstract Korean species of the genus Dusona Cameron (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Campopleginae) are reviewed. Twenty seven species of Dusona are reported from South Korea, including 12 previously unrecorded species, D. bellipes (Holmgren, 1872), D. bicoloripes (Ashmead, 1906), D. chabarowski Hinz & Horstmann, 2004, D. cultrator (Gravenhorst, 1829), D. japonica (Cameron, 1906), D. mactatoides Hinz, 1994, D. scalprata Horstmann, 2004, D. sasayamae Hinz & Horstmann, 2004, D. oblitera (Holmgren, 1872), D. obtutor Hinz, 1994, D. auriculator Aubert, 1964, D. longicauda (Uchida, 1928), and a new species, D. koreana sp. n. An illustrated key to Korean species of Dusona provided.


Introduction
The subfamily Campopleginae includes more than 2,000 valid species worldwide. Yu et al. (2012) listed 33 species of 11 genera in Korea, 431 species in the Eastern Palaearctic region, and 2,102 species of 66 genera worldwide. Among them, Dusona is the largest genus of Campopleginae, cosmopolitan with 440 described species (Yu et al. 2012). Taxonomic study of Korean Campopleginae was initiated by Matsumura (1926). Since the first record of Korean campoplegine species by Matsumura, there have been only a few reports on Campopleginae by Kim (1955). Since then intensive study of Korean Campopleginae has only been performed in our recent study. Some species of Dusona have been reported by Hinz and Horstmann (2004) and Choi and Lee (2008).
We also provide a description with photographs of the new species, comparative illustrations of all Korean species of Dusona, including habitus photographs, and an identification key to all Korean species.

Materials and methods
Specimens used in this study were collected by sweeping and Malaise trapping, and are deposited in the animal systematic laboratory of Yeungnam University (YNU, Gyeongsan, Korea). Specimens were photographed using an AxioCam MRc5 camera attached to a stereo microscope (Zeiss SteREO Discovery. V20; Carl Zeiss, Göttingen, Germany), processed using AxioVision SE64 software (Carl Zeiss), and optimized with a Delta imaging system (i-solution, IMT i-Solution Inc. Vancouver, Canada). Some specimens examined in this study were loaned by the ZSM (Zoologisches Staatsammlung, München, Germany). The morphological terminology is mostly that of Gupta and Maheshwary (1977). Distribution data and host records are taken from Yu et al. (2012) and Horstmann (2011).
Head: Frons slightly depressed, with median longitudinal carina, with transverse wrinkles (Fig. 1C). Antennal flagellum with 61 segments. Antennal carina low and narrow, above with radial wrinkles. Face convex, densely punctate. Clypeus separated from face by weak groove, with truncated apical margin. Mandible tapered to apex, lower tooth as long as upper tooth. Malar space 0.5 times as long as width of mandible. Occipital carina complete. Temple weakly convex.
Metasoma: Petiole with very strong glymma, dorsolateral carina very strong (Fig. 1F). Epipleurum separated from 3 rd tergum, crease with distinct black line. 1 st tergum 4.3 times as long as wide, 2 nd tergum 1.6 times as long as wide. Ovipositor straight, shorter than hind tibia and longer than hind basitarsus. Ovipositor sheath wide and aciculate basally in lateral view (Fig. 1H) Remarks. The species is similar to Dusona cultrator (Gravenhorst, 1829) but differs by in the following characters: lower valve of ovipositor straight (Fig. 8E) (lower valve sinuous in D. cultrator) (Fig. 8F), hind tibia yellowish brown marked dark brown apically (hind tibia yellowish brown, sometimes narrowly marked with brown basally in D. cultrator); petiole with very large glymma (Fig. 1F), which is bordered by very distinct longitudinal carina dorsally; 1 st tergum longer than 4 times as long as wide (1 st tergum 3.4 times as long as wide in D. cultrator). Also, the metasomal segments of Dusona are usually reddish brown and partly black but the metasoma of Dusona koreana is mostly black with only the 2 nd tergum reddish brown apically and 3 rd tergum widely reddish brown laterally (Fig. 1A). Redescription based on Korean specimen. Female. Body length 16.0 mm. Color: Face and mesosoma black. Mandible yellow except basal part black. Tegula blackish brown. All coxae black; fore and mid legs yellowish brown except trochanter to femur dark brown ventrally; hind femur black, hind tibia to tarsus dark brown. 2 nd tergum on 0.25 apically to 5 th tergum reddish brown broadly. Ovipositor reddish brown and ovipositor sheath black except brown apically.
Head: Frons slightly depressed, with fine punctures and with a median longitudinal carina. Antennal flagellum with 57 segments. Antennal carina low and narrow; frons above antennal carina polished. Face moderately convex, densely punctated (Fig. 4M). Clypeus not separated from face, with truncate apical edge. Mandible tapered to apex, lower tooth as long as upper tooth. Malar space much shorter than half of basal width of mandible.
Metasoma: Epipleurum separated from the 3 rd tergum, the crease marked with black line (Fig. 7A) Color: Face and mesosoma black. Mandible yellow except basal part black. Tegula black. All coxae black; fore and mid legs brown to dark brown; hind femur black, tibia to tarsus dark brown. 2 nd tergum on 0.25 apically to 5 th tergum reddish brown, except upper part of half of 5 th tergum broadly black. Ovipositor reddish brown and ovipositor sheath black except brown apically.
Head: Frons slightly depressed, with fine punctures and with weak median longitudinal carina. Antennal flagellum with 55 segments. Antennal carina low and narrow, without wrinkles. Face moderately convex, densely punctated (Fig. 4N). Clypeus not separated from face, with truncate apical edge. Mandible tapered to apex, lower tooth as long as upper tooth. Malar space shorter than half of basal width of mandible.
Metasoma: Epipleurum separated from the 3 rd tergum, the crease marked with black line (Fig. 7B). 1 st tergum 3.6 times as long as wide, 2 nd tergum 1.8 times as long as wide. Ovipositor straight and shorter than hind tibia.
Distribution  4O). Mandible tapered to apex, lower tooth as long as upper tooth. Malar space as long as half of basal width of mandible.

Metasoma:
Epipleurum separated from the 3 rd tergum, the crease with black line (Fig. 7C). 1 st tergum 3.1 times as long as wide, 2 nd tergum 1.7 times as long as wide. Ovipositor straight and shorter than hind basitarsus. Color: Face and mesosoma black. Mandible yellow. Tegula blackish brown. All coxae black; fore leg yellowish brown; mid trochanter and trochantellus black, mid femur brown; hind leg black except tibia brown. 2 nd tergum on 0.3 apically to 3 rd tergum reddish brown completely. Ovipositor reddish brown.
Head: Frons slightly depressed, with median longitudinal carina. Antennal flagellum all missing. Antennal carina low and narrow; antennal carina above with radial wrinkles. Face moderately convex, densely punctated. Clypeus not separated from face, with truncate apical margin (Fig. 4P). Mandible tapered to apex, lower tooth as long as upper tooth. Malar space shorter than half of basal width of mandible.
Metasoma: Epipleurum separated from the 3 rd tergum, the crease with black line (Fig. 7D) borwn to blackish brown, mid tibia yellowish brown, mid tarsi dark brown; hind leg black except tibia brown and black apically. 2 nd tergum on ventro-apical part reddish brown; 3 rd tergum to 7 th tergum dark reddish brown. Ovipositor sheath black. Head: Frons and surface between the antennal sockets deeply depressed, with median longitudinal carina. Antennal flagellum with 64 segments. Antennal carina strongly raised, the rim bend upwards and with transverse striae; antennal carina above with long radial wrinkles. Face moderately convex, densely punctated. Central part of face with weak protuberance (Fig. 4R). Clypeus weakly convex and a little separated from face by a weak groove, with truncate apical margin. Mandible tapered to apex, lower tooth as long as upper tooth. Malar space shorter than half basal width of mandible.
Metasoma: Epipleurum separated from the 3 rd tergum, but the crease without black line, but with lateral black line above the anterior ventrolateral edge (Fig. 7F Color: Face and mesosoma black. Mandible yellow except basal part black. Tegula blackish brown. Fore and mid legs yellowish brown except coxae black; hind coxa to femur black except apical part of femur yellowish brown, hind tibia and tarsus yellowish brown. 2 nd tergum on ventro-apical to 7 th tergum reddish brown; 2 nd tergum broadly black dorsally, 3 rd to 7 th terga with narrow black line dorsally. Clasper of male reddish brown. Head: Frons slightly depressed, with fine punctures and with median longitudinal carina. Antennal flagellum with 53+ segments, apical flagellomeres missing. Antennal carina low and narrow. Face moderately convex, densely punctated, with white hairs (Fig. 4S). Clypeus a little separated from face by weak groove, with truncate apical margin. Mandible tapered to apex, lower tooth a little shorter than upper tooth. Malar space as long as half of basal width of mandible.
Metasoma: Epipleurum not separated from the 3 rd tergum, with indistinct lateral black line above the anterior ventrolateral edge (Fig. 7G). 1 st tergum 4.4 times as long as wide, 2 nd tergum 4.6 times as long as wide.
Distribution. Korea (new record) and Russia (Primor'ye). Region. Eastern Palaearctic. Host. Unknown. Color: Face and mesosoma black. Mandible yellow. Tegula blackish brown. All coxae black; fore leg yellowish brown except outer areas of trochanter and inner areas of trochantellus blackish brown; mid leg blackish brown except part of femur and tibia brown; hind leg black except tibia brown. 2 nd tergum to 4 th tergum reddish brown, 5 th tergum reddish brown except black dorsally, 6 th tergum black except reddish brown ventrally. Ovipositor reddish brown and ovipositor sheath black and reddish brown apically.

Dusona sasayamae
Head: Frons slightly depressed, with fine punctures and with median longitudinal carina. Antennal flagellum with 55 segments. Antennal carina low and narrow. Face moderately convex, densely punctated. Clypeus not separated from face, with concaved apical edge (Fig. 4T). Mandible tapered to apex, lower tooth shorter than upper tooth. Malar space shorter than half basal width of mandible.
Metasoma: Epipleurum separated from the 3 rd tergum, the crease marked with black line (Fig. 7H). 1 st tergum 3.5 times as long as wide, 2 nd tergum 1.8 times as long as wide. Ovipositor straight and shorter than hind basitarsus.

Dusona obliterata (Holmgren, 1872)
Color: Face and mesosoma black. Mandible yellow except basal part black. Tegula blackish brown. All coxae to trochentellus black; fore femur yellowish brown to dark brown, from fore tibia yellow; middle leg blackish brown except tibia brown; hind leg black. 2 nd tergum on ventroapical edge to 3 rd tergum reddish brown. Ovipositor reddish brown and ovipositor sheath black.
Head: Frons slightly depressed, with fine punctures and with median longitudinal carina. Antennal flagellum with 43 segments. Antennal carina low and narrow. Face moderately convex, densely punctated (Fig. 4V). Clypeus not separated from face, with truncate apical edge. Mandible tapered to apex, lower tooth shorter than upper tooth. Malar space longer than half basal width of mandible.
Metasoma: Epipleurum not separated from the 3 rd tergum, with distinct lateral black line above the anterior ventrolateral edge (Fig. 7J Color: Face and mesosoma black. Mandible and tegula yellow. Fore leg yellow except fore coxa black basally; middle leg yellow except coxa black dorsally; hind coxa black; hind trochanter to tibia brown, femur and tibia black apically; hind tarsus darker than hind femur. 2 nd tergum reddish brown on ventroapical edge; 3 rd tergum to 7 th tergum reddish brown, with narrow black line dorsally. Clasper of male yellowish brown. Head: Frons slightly depressed, with fine punctures and with median longitudinal carina. Antennal flagellum with 46 segments. Antennal carina strongly raised, the rim widened to a smooth bulge. Face moderately convex, densely punctated. Clypeus not separated from face, with round apical edge (Fig. 4W). Mandible tapered to apex, lower tooth as long as upper tooth. Malar space as long as half basal width of mandible.
Metasoma: Epipleurum not separated from the 3 rd tergum, without lateral black line (Fig. 7K). 1 st tergum 4.8 times as long as wide, 2 nd tergum 2.9 times as long as wide.

Remarks.
No Korean specimens were available for this study. However we have seen a Russian voucher specimen from ZSM. The tip of the fore coxa of male is yellowish red, whereas in other characters it is similar to the female.
Region. Eastern Palaearctic, Western Palaearctic. Host. Unknown.   Host. Unknown. Remarks. No Korean specimens were available for this study. However we have seen a voucher specimen from ZSM and have loaned holotype from HU. Hinz, 1994 Figs 2I, 4I, 5I, 6I