Two new species of Lecithoceridae (Lepidoptera, Gelechioidea), with a revised check list of the family in Taiwan

Abstract Two species of Lecithoceridae (Lepidoptera, Gelechioidea), Caveana senuri sp. n. and Lecithocera dondavisi sp. n., are described from Taiwan. The monotypic Caveana Park was described from Thailand, based on Caveana diemseoki Park, 2011. Lecithocera Herrich-Schäffer, 1853 is the most diverse genus of the family, comprising more than 300 species worldwide. Lecithocera dondavisi sp. n. is the largest species of the genus so far, and closely resembles the Indian species, Lecithocera praeses Meyrick, 1919. A revised check list of the family in Taiwan is provided.


introduction
The family Lecithoceridae (Lepidoptera, Gelechioidea) is a relatively poorly known group of microlepidoptera that comprises more than 1,200 extant known species worldwide (van Nieukerken et al. 2011). The group has not been well studied, due to the lack of specialists and the relative unattractiveness of the moths due to the larval feeding habitat on debris and being economically irrelevant. The known species of Lecithoceridae are mostly restricted to the Oriental and Australian regions, but the distributional range includes the southern part of the Palaearctic Region.
In Taiwan, a total of 63 species of Lecithoceridae have been reported (Park 2000a;Park and Wang 2000;Park 2003a, b), with 30 species known as endemic. Lecithocera Herrich-Schäffer, 1853 is the most diverse genus of the family with more than 300 species described worldwide, and it is highly diverse in the Oriental Region. The genus is characterized by the presence of M 2 in the hindwing, the abdomen without spinose zones on tergites, with a bundle of long coremata in abdominal segment VII, and the male genitalia with well-developed costal bar. Lecithocera in Taiwan was first reviewed by Park (1999), reporting 22 species with 13 new described species. Park and Wang (2000) and Heppner (2012) enumerated 25 species, including an erroneously cited L. theconoma Meyrick, 1926 (this species was described from Sarawak). In this paper, L. dondavisi Park, sp. n. , the largest species of Lecithocera, is described.
The monotypic Caveana Park, 2010 was described from Thailand, based on C. diemseoki Park, 2010. The genus is placed in the subfamily Torodorinae because it shares the presence of spinose zones on the abdominal tergites and the male genitalia lacks costal bars that connects the tegumen and valva. The genus is allied to Nosphistica Meyrick, 1911 andPhiloptilia Meyrick, 1918 by having a similar the venation, with M 3 , CuA 1 and CuA 2 on a common stalk in the forewing and M 2 absent from the hindwing, but Caveana differs from them by the brightly colored forewing and the lack of rough scale projections of the hindwing costa and strongly sinuate termen. Philoptilia is distinguished by the forewing R 5 , which is absent in Nosphistica. Park (2010) noted that Caveana has a unique concave region beyond the middle of R 2 on the ventral forewing surface. While C. senuri has no such concavity in the forewing, this species is still placed in Caveana, because of its brightly colored forewing and the male genitalia which are similar to those of C. diemseoki. Caveana is reported for the first time from Taiwan, describing C. senuri Park, sp. n. in this paper.

Material and methods
Most specimens examined were collected in 1980 and 1989 by the second author and H. Wang, researcher in the National Taiwan 5) elongate, light orange, speckled with brownish scales dorsally; flagellum dark brown, sometimes paler from near half to before 7 th . Second segment of labial palpus (Fig. 3) gently arched, shiny pale orange; 3 rd segment slender, as long as 2 nd segment, pale orange speckled with darkbrown scales, with acute apex. Thorax and tegula light orange. Forewing elongate; ground color light orange, clothed with dark-brown scales between veins; costa nearly straight, then gently arched beyond ¾, blackish along anterior margin; apex obtuse; 5-6 large, blackish spots from apex to tornus along termen; termen oblique, not sinuate; fringe light orange in basal 1/3, then dark brown; venation ( Fig. 11) with R 1 arising from before middle, R 2 arising near upper corner of cell, R 3 and R 4 stalked near 2/3 length of R 3+4+5 , R 4 and R 5 stalked about 3/5 length; R 5 reach before apex, M 1 close to R 3 at base, M 2 straightly extended from lower margin of discal cell, M 3 on common stalk with CuA 1+2 , CuA 1 and CuA 2 stalked beyond middle. Hindwing evenly clothed with dark-brown scales, except on veins; light orange along veins; distinct blackish line well-developed from prior to apex to tornus along margin; venation with Rs and M 1 nearly connate, M 2 absent, M 3 and CuA 1 stalked. Fore and mid tibia with black scales at apex. Hind tibia (Fig. 11) with rough, dark-brown scales above, denser near apex; tarsi with black scales at apex on each segment. Abdomen clothed with dark-brown scales; abdominal tergites with dense spines; sternite VIII bilobed medially, as indicated in Fig. 12.
Distribution. Taiwan. Etymology. The specific epithet is a Korean term, senuri, meaning "a new country". Diagnosis. This species is one of the largest species of Lecithocera. It is externally similar to L. praeses Meyrick, 1919 from North India, but can be distinguished by different following genital features: male genitalia with uniquely specialized cornuti of aedeagus, consisting of a heavily sclerotized ellipticity with an acute spine apically, a heavily sclerotized, elongate trapezoidal plate, and a series of spines, as in Figs 17, 18; and also cucullus with more gently arched ventral margin and juxta not so much produced latero-caudally. Female genitalia with cup-shaped antrum, instead of the elongate, more or less triangular antrum in L. praeses, and the signum strawberry-shaped, located medially, whereas it is transverse elongated and located posteriorly in the latter. Description. Male and female (Figs 13-15). Wingspan, 23-26 mm. Head yellowish brown medially on vertex, with pale grayish-orange erect scales laterally; frons pale grayish-orange. Basal segment of antenna rather short, pale grayish orange; flagellum orange white to pale grayish-orange, with distinct brownish annulations in apical third. Second segment of labial palpus (Fig. 14) thickened with appressed scales, grayish orange on outer surface, speckled with dark-brown scales in basal 2/3, orange white to pale grayish orange on inner surface; 3 rd segment slender, shorter than 2 nd segment, dark brown on ventral surface, with acute apex. Thorax and tegula yellowish brown. Forewing elongate; ground color pale grayish orange, speckled with fine dark-brown scales, more dense posteriorly; first discal stigma small, dark brown at middle of cell; second stigma larger, dark brown, at end of cell; basal blackish streak running along costa in ¼ length; costa nearly straight, then gently arched beyond ¾; apex obtuse; termen oblique, not sinuate, dark-brown scales along margin; fringe orange white in basal 1/3, then brownish; venation with R 1 arising from before middle, R 2 arising near upper corner of cell, distance between R 1 and R 2 about 2.5 times of distance between R 2 and R 3 ; R 2 free; R 3 and R 4 stalked near middle; R 5 reach apex; M 1 at middle between R 3 and M 2 , M 2 nearly parallel with M 1 ; M 3 at middle between M 2 and CuA 1+2 ; CuA 1 and CuA 2 very short-stalked. Hindwing pale gray, broader than forewing; apex obtuse; termen oblique, slightly sinuate; fringe grayish, with orange white basal line; venation with, M 2 well developed, connected to M 3 with cross vein; M 3 and CuA 1 short-stalked; cell nearly closed with an oblique cross vein. Hind tibia with orange-white rough scales above. Abdomen with pale grayish-orange scales dorsally, with a well-developed scales-tuft dorsally in terminal segment, as indicated in Fig. 15; sternite VIII bilobed medially, as indicated in the Fig. 12.