Annotated type catalogue of the Bulimulidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Orthalicoidea) in the Natural History Museum, London

Abstract The type status is described of 404 taxa classified within the family Bulimulidae (superfamily Orthalicoidea) and kept in the London museum. Lectotypes are designated for Bulimus aurifluus Pfeiffer, 1857; Otostomus bartletti H. Adams, 1867; Helix cactorum d’Orbigny, 1835; Bulimus caliginosus Reeve, 1849; Bulimus chemnitzioides Forbes, 1850; Bulimus cinereus Reeve, 1849; Helix cora d’Orbigny, 1835; Bulimus fallax Pfeiffer, 1853; Bulimus felix Pfeiffer, 1862; Bulimus fontainii d’Orbigny, 1838; Bulimus fourmiersi d’Orbigny, 1837; Bulimus (Mesembrinus) gealei H. Adams, 1867; Bulimus gruneri Pfeiffer, 1846; Bulimus humboldtii Reeve, 1849; Helix hygrohylaea d’Orbigny, 1835; Bulimus jussieui Pfeiffer, 1846; Bulimulus (Drymaeus) binominis lascellianus E.A. Smith, 1895; Helix lichnorum d’Orbigny, 1835; Bulimulus (Drymaeus) lucidus da Costa, 1898; Bulimus luridus Pfeiffer, 1863; Bulimus meleagris Pfeiffer, 1853; Bulimus monachus Pfeiffer, 1857; Bulimus montagnei d’Orbigny, 1837; Helix montivaga d’Orbigny, 1835; Bulimus muliebris Reeve, 1849; Bulimus nigrofasciatus Pfeiffer in Philippi 1846; Bulimus nitelinus Reeve, 1849; Helix oreades d’Orbigny, 1835; Helix polymorpha d’Orbigny, 1835; Bulimus praetextus Reeve, 1849; Bulinus proteus Broderip, 1832; Bulimus rusticellus Morelet, 1860; Helix sporadica d’Orbigny, 1835; Bulimus sulphureus Pfeiffer, 1857; Helix thamnoica var. marmorata d’Orbigny, 1835; Bulinus translucens Broderip in Broderip and Sowerby I 1832; Helix trichoda d’Orbigny, 1835; Bulinus ustulatus Sowerby I, 1833; Bulimus voithianus Pfeiffer, 1847; Bulimus yungasensis d’Orbigny, 1837. The type status of the following taxa is changed to lectotype in accordance with Art. 74.6 ICZN: Bulimulus (Drymaeus) caucaensis da Costa, 1898; Drymaeus exoticus da Costa, 1901; Bulimulus (Drymaeus) hidalgoi da Costa, 1898; Bulimulus (Drymaeus) interruptus Preston, 1909; Bulimulus (Drymaeus) inusitatus Fulton, 1900; Bulimulus latecolumellaris Preston, 1909; Bulimus (Otostomus) napo Angas, 1878; Drymaeus notabilis da Costa, 1906; Drymaeus notatus da Costa, 1906; Bulimulus (Drymaeus) nubilus Preston, 1903; Drymaeus obliquistriatus da Costa, 1901; Bulimus (Drymaeus) ochrocheilus E.A. Smith, 1877; Bulimus (Drymaeus) orthostoma E.A. Smith, 1877; Drymaeus expansus perenensis da Costa, 1901; Bulimulus pergracilis Rolle, 1904; Bulimulus (Drymaeus) plicatoliratus da Costa, 1898; Drymaeus prestoni da Costa, 1906; Drymaeus punctatus da Costa, 1907; Bulimus (Leptomerus) sanctaeluciae E.A. Smith, 1889; Bulimulus (Drymaeus) selli Preston, 1909; Drymaeus subventricosus da Costa, 1901; Bulimulus (Drymaeus) tigrinus da Costa, 1898; Drymaeus volsus Fulton, 1907; Drymaeus wintlei Finch, 1929; Bulimus zhorquinensis Angas, 1879; Bulimulus (Drymaeus) ziczac da Costa, 1898. The following junior subjective synonyms are established: Bulimus antioquensis Pfeiffer, 1855 = Bulimus baranguillanus Pfeiffer, 1853; Drymaeus bellus da Costa, 1906 = Drymaeus blandi Pilsbry, 1897; Bulimus hachensis Reeve 1850 = Bulimus gruneri Pfeiffer, 1846 = Bulimus columbianus Lea, 1838; Bulimus (Otostomus) lamas Higgins 1868 = Bulimus trujillensis Philippi, 1867; Bulimulus (Drymaeus) binominis lascellianus E.A. Smith, 1895 = Bulimulus (Drymaeus) binominis E.A. Smith, 1895; Drymaeus multispira da Costa, 1904 = Helix torallyi d’Orbigny, 1835; Bulimulus (Drymaeus) plicatoliratus Da Costa, 1898 = Bulimus convexus Pfeiffer, 1855; Bulimus sugillatus Pfeiffer, 1857 = Bulimus rivasii d’Orbigny, 1837; Bulimus meridionalis Reeve 1848 [June] = Bulimus voithianus Pfeiffer, 1847. New combinations are: Bostryx montagnei (d’Orbigny, 1837); Bostryx obliquiportus (da Costa, 1901); Bulimulus heloicus (d’Orbigny, 1835); Drymaeus (Drymaeus) lusorius (Pfeiffer, 1855); Drymaeus (Drymaeus) trigonostomus (Jonas, 1844); Drymaeus (Drymaeus) wintlei Finch, 1929; Drymaeus (Mesembrinus) conicus da Costa, 1907; Kuschelenia (Kuschelenia) culminea culminea (d’Orbigny, 1835); Kuschelenia (Kuschelenia) culmineus edwardsi (Morelet, 1863); Kuschelenia (K.) gayi (Pfeiffer, 1857); Kuschelenia (Kuschelenia) tupacii (d’Orbigny, 1835); Kuschelenia (Vermiculatus) anthisanensis (Pfeiffer, 1853); Kuschelenia (Vermiculatus) aquilus (Reeve, 1848); Kuschelenia (Vermiculatus) bicolor (Sowerby I, 1835); Kuschelenia (Vermiculatus) caliginosus (Reeve, 1849); Kuschelenia (Vermiculatus) cotopaxiensis (Pfeiffer, 1853); Kuschelenia (Vermiculatus) filaris (Pfeiffer, 1853); Kuschelenia (Vermiculatus) ochracea (Morelet, 1863); Kuschelenia (Vermiculatus) petiti (Pfeiffer, 1846); Kuschelenia (Vermiculatus) purpuratus (Reeve, 1849); Kuschelenia (Vermiculatus) quechuarum (Crawford, 1939); Naesiotus cinereus (Reeve, 1849); Naesiotus dentritis (Morelet, 1863); Naesiotus fontainii (d’Orbigny, 1838); Naesiotus orbignyi (Pfeiffer, 1846); Protoglyptus pilosus (Guppy, 1871); Protoglyptus sanctaeluciae (E.A. Smith, 1889). Type material of the following taxa is figured herein for the first time: Bulimus cinereus Reeve, 1849; Bulimus coriaceus Pfeiffer, 1857; Bulimulus laxostylus Rolle, 1904; Bulimus pliculatus Pfeiffer, 1857; Bulimus simpliculus Pfeiffer, 1855.

The taxon was considered to be a junior subjective synonym of Helix elongata Röding, 1789 by Pilsbry (1899: 25), with which we concur.
Remarks. The current systematic position follows Thompson (2011). Current systematic position. Bulimulidae, Drymaeus (Mesembrinus) attenuatus . Remarks. Guppy described this taxon from immature specimens: "The specimens from which the species was described by me in the Annals and Magazine of Natural History (1866) were young and imperfect." (Guppy 1871: 307). There is another shell (NHMUK 1875.2.8.1), also presented by Guppy, which could be from the series he is referring to in the second paper; it is therefore not considered a syntype since this specimen was later collected than the type series, but unfortunately all three specimens have been mixed and there is no way of separating the two lots.

Remarks.
One of the two specimens found corresponds to the figure of Pfeiffer Dept. Amazonas, Prov. Bagua; the latter seems slightly outside the range known for this subgenus. The current systematic position at species level follows Richardson (1995: 348).

Helix (Xenothauma) baroni
Remarks. Fulton did not mention on how many specimens his description was based. From Neubert and Janssen (2004: 201) it may be concluded that the type series was distributed to various museums. "Rio Yonan" is the local name of Rio Jequetepeque at the village of Yonan, near Tembladera (V. Mogollón, pers. commun.).

Otostomus bartletti H. Adams, 1867
http://species-id.net/wiki/Otostomus_bartletti Figs 41G-I, L8iv Otostomus bartletti H. Remarks. The type locality was not specified for each species, but is taken from the title of Adam's paper. "Two examples, one in good condition, of this very finely marked and interesting species were obtained by Mr. Bartlett" (H. Adams 1867a: 442). Only one specimen is present, of which the index card in the collection states "The specimen, although not registered, appears to be 1867.5.18.4 which was purchased from Bartlett along with other types described at the same time. No specimen can be found with this number. The writings on the board are the same as those on the other specimens puchased at the same time, including the original labels. Locality exactly correct". The specimen, of which the top is damaged, is the figured specimen by Adam and is here designated lectotype (design. n.). Current systematic position. Bulimulidae, Drymaeus (Drymaeus) bartletti (H. Adams, 1867). Type material. NHMUK 1907.11.21.8, holotype;1907.11.21.9, paratype (da Costa coll.).
Remarks. The current systematic position follows the revision of Breure and Borrero (unpublished data) and da Costa's taxon is now placed in the synonymy of Drymaeus blandi Pilsbry, 1897 (syn. n Type locality. "provinciae Peruviae Xagua" (see remarks).
Label. "Peru" on two labels with different handwriting, "Zagua" written on board. M.C. label style I, V.
Remarks. Sowerby described this taxon from the Cuming collection. So far the publication date for this taxon has been cited as 1834 or 1835. According to Duncan (1937: 78) Sowerby's paper was published on 3 April 1835. The type locality has not be found in any modern gazetteer. Weyrauch (1967: 386) simply lists this species as from Peru, but distinguished S. bicolor badius (Sowerby I, 1835) from "N-Peru". According to Crawford (1939: 330) the name "Xagua" could refer to Dept. Jauja, which is in Central Peru. The specimen figured by Reeve has been selected lectotype by Breure (1978). The current systematic position at the species level follows Richardson (1995: 348).

Bulimus binneyanus
Remarks. Pfeiffer did not state on how many specimens his description was based; from Pfeiffer 1858 it is clear this he described this taxon from the Cuming collection. The specimen originally figured by Pfeiffer (1858a: pl. 42 fig. 4) was selected lectotype by Breure (1978).
Type material. NHMUK 1975191, lectotype (Cuming coll.). Remarks. Pfeiffer described this taxon from Cuming's collection; he did not state on how many specimens his description was based. Only one specimen was found. On the original label, Pfeiffer has added "(spectatus Reeve t. 81. / f. 601 b.)". Reeve described Bulimus spectatus from specimens in "Mus. Taylor"; his figure does not correspond to the specimen designated as lectotype and we consider Reeve's taxon to be distinct.
Remarks. No material of this species was found. In the NHMUK-copy of the "Voyage..." a note on p. 309 states "No examples of this sp. could be traced in d'O. coll n in Sept. 1958. S.P. Dance". Also, in Gray (1854) there is no "B.M." following the name, so it may safely assumed that type material of this taxon never came to London. The only extant material is thus the material in the Paris museum. As this is an incomplete specimen, the original figures by d'Orbigny are here copied.

Bulimus bolivianus
Remarks. Pfeiffer did not state on how many specimens his description was based; the lot found contains three specimens. The smallest shell of the lot is a juvenile specimen not belonging to this species, and is here excluded from the type material. The locality as originally stated by Pfeiffer seems in error as there is no place with that name in Bolivia; the taxon is now tentatively assigned to the Venezuelan mala-cofauna. Reeve 1848Reeve [1848Reeve -1850: pl. 44 fig. 281 figured a specimen from "Mus. Dennison", which he mistakenly held for Bulimus bolivianus. Later he corrected his mistake on pl. 81, stating "The shell here represented is the original type of the species described by Dr. Pfeiffer. To that which I have mistaken for it at Pl. XLIV Sp. 281, the name B. annulatus may be given". The current systematic position follows Richardson (1995: 105).
Type material. NHMUK 1907.11.21.26, holotype, Boucard leg. (da Costa coll.). Remarks. In his remarks, da Costa states "this shell', which might imply that he had only one specimen. The material is considered herein a holotype. The basal part of the lip is damaged. This taxon has not been mentioned by Thompson (2011).

Remarks.
As da Costa speaks about "this pretty shell", it is implied that he had only one specimen at hand; thus the specimen found should be regarded holotype. The current systematic position follows the synonymisation by Thompson (2011).
Type material. NHMUK 1907.11.21.119, holotype (da Costa coll.). Remarks. As da Costa (1901) writes "A single specimen has been received of this pretty shell", it is clear that the specimen has to be regarded as the holotype. The current systematic position follows Thompson (2011).
Current systematic position. Bulimulidae, Drymaeus (Mesembrinus) sulphureus (Pfeiffer, 1857). Remarks. The type material consists of a mixed lot, one specimen belonging to Naesiotus sensu Breure 1979 (H 15.9, D 8.2, W 7.0), the other to Drymaeus (H 15.8, D 7.6, W 5.4). The latter corresponds more closely to the original measurements, but is subadult. However, as the locality differs from the type locality, and the collector is not mentioned on the label, there remains doubt whether this is the original lot. The taxon is now considered a nomen inquirendum.
Remarks. This hitherto unfigured taxon is known from a single specimen. The current systematic position follows Richardson (1995: 110).

Bulimus coagulatus
Remarks. This is a mixted lot of four specimens. The lectotype is an inmature specimen and is considered by Ramírez and Thomé (2005) to be synonymous with Scutalus versicolor . They identified one of the other specimens as Bostryx conspersus (NHMUK 1975352); this specimen is no longer considered as type material.
Remarks. The specimen designated lectotype has the best match with the original measurements. The other specimen has been figured in Pfeiffer -1860: pl. 22 figs 22-23.
Label. "Columbia"; "Venezuela" in a later handwriting. Labels for both taxon names in Pfeiffer's handwriting. M.C. label style I.
Remarks. The original taxon label has been corrected to B. gratus, in a different ink. However, also a label with this name in Pfeiffer's handwriting has been glued to the board. It may be noted that Lea's name (B. columbianus) is sufficiently different to retain Pfeiffer's original taxon name. On the front side, a later hand has written "Venezuela", which may be seen as a further precision to reflect the later politicaladministrative situation. Breure and Borrero (unpublished data) could not recognise this species in the Colombian material they studied.
Type material. NHMUK 1902.5.28.1, syntype (ex Fulton). Remarks. Fulton did not state on how many specimens his description was based; the specimen is therefore regarded as a syntype. The current systematic position follows Richardson (1995: 20).
Remarks. According to Pfeiffer (1859: 443) the type is in "Mus. Cuming". The original specimen appears to be lost. The specimens are labelled "Bulimus con-/fluens Pfr. var. / Venezuela". There is no variety mentioned by Pfeiffer, nor in his original paper nor in subsequent publications, which is interpreted as him considering this a variable taxon; the specimens are thus regarded to be from the type series.
Remarks. The protoconch sculpture is typically for Kuschelenia Hylton Scott, 1952. The placement of this taxon within Drymaeus by Richardson (1995) is thus erroneous. Breure (1978) mentioned "New Grenada" as locality on the label; however, no mentioning of Peru which may be the original locality, if Crawford's interpreta-tion (Crawford 1939: 328) was correct to synonymize this taxon with K. culminea (d'Orbigny, 1835 Remarks. da Costa did not state on how many specimens his description was based. A lectotype was designated by Breure (1979); the paralectotype is slightly damaged at the palatal lip. The current systematic position follows Richardson (1995: 111), but the taxon is now placed in the subgenus Mesembrinus Albers, 1850 (comb. n. Remarks. The original material of Sowerby has not been traced; however, one of the specimens from this lot corresponds to Reeve (1848Reeve ( [1848Reeve ( -1850) and the specimens are regarded probable syntypes. Ramírez (2004) has restricted the type locality to Lomas de Atocongo, near Lima.
Label. "Ecuador", added in a later handwriting; taxon label in Pfeiffer's handwriting. M.C. label style I.
Remarks. The original paper only quotes material collected by Bourcier as a variety from Cayembe. However, if the type was in the Pfeiffer collection it must now considered to be lost (Dance 1966). Both the locality, and measurements agree with Pfeiffer's paper; the taxon label is from his hand, so there is no doubt that these specimens can be considered as type material. The shell height of the lectotype as quoted by Breure (1978) is in error. This species was listed as synonym under Scutalus anthisanensis  by Richardson (1995: 346); however, the shell shape of the two taxa is different, and provisionally the two taxa are kept separate awaiting further studies.
Current systematic position. Bulimulidae, Kuschelenia (Vermiculatus) cotopaxiensis   Remarks. One specimen was marked with 'x' on the original board, which suggests a special selection; however, it is smaller than the type (H 23.7) and has the lip damaged. Another specimen, which shows the full lip as in d'Orbigny's figure, is here figured. The lectotype is in MNHN (Breure 1975b NHMUK 1975388, lectotype;1975389, one paralectotype, ex Keppell (Cuming coll.).
Current systematic position. Bulimulidae, Scutalus cretaceus .  (Broderip coll.). Remarks. The top whorl of the specimen is missing. Broderip refers to "the apex of the shell under description, the only specimen I ever saw, is broken, and its actual length is 2 inches and 7/8 [72.8 mm]"; we consider this specimen the holotype.

Bulimus cuzcoensis
Remarks. The current systematic position follows Richardson (1995: 112). Current systematic position. Bulimulidae, Drymaeus (Drymaeus) cuzcoensis (Reeve, 1849). Remarks. The two juvenile specimens were labelled "ustulatus Sow." by E.A. Smith as coming from the Cuming museum, and were probably collected by Darwin during his visit to the archipelago with the 'Beagle'. They are considered as possible syntypes. The current systematic position follows Richardson (1995: 217).

Bulimulus dacostae
Current systematic position. Bulimulidae, Naesiotus darwini . Remarks. The printed label, that is typical of specimens figured by Reeve, has been lost. The label, probably in the handwriting of a NHMUK employee during the latter half of the 19th century, refers to Reeve's species number (519), stating that it is "the type". In the lower left corner, "one on right" has been added (probably by E.A. Smith), which seems to indicate that the specimens originally were glued on board. There is a second note "now marked x", which apparently refers to the type specimen. See also Bulimus myristicus Reeve, 1849, which is a junior synonym (Breure 1978).

Bulimus dentritis Morelet, 1863
http://species-id.net/wiki/Bulimus_dentritis Figs 16G, L17ii Bulimus dentritis Morelet, 1863: 206, pl. 9 fig. 5;Breure 1979: 62. Bulimulus dentritis;Breure 1978: 72 (lectotype designation Remarks. The species is hitherto classified as Bulimulus. However, the protoconch sculpture consists of axial riblets; it is here re-classified under Naesiotus sensu Breure 1979. The NHMUK specimen fits the measurements given by Morelet, but is not from the type locality. Other type material is present in MHNG from various other localities, of which one specimen from the type locality was designated lectotype (Breure 1978 Type material. NHMUK 20100609, four probable syntypes (Cuming coll.). Remarks. Broderip described this taxon from the Cuming collection, but did not state on how many specimens his description was based. The original measurments seem to be erroneous, as these indicate a height/diameter ratio uncommon for this genus. Neubert and Janssen (2004) reported three specimens, with a maximum height of 23.1 and diameter of 15.3 mm, labelled "Peru" (ex Cuming), which they consider syntypes. The specimen corresponding to Reeve's figure has been found in the NHMUK collection, together with three others; they are considered probable syntypes.
Current systematic position. Bulimulidae, Bostryx derelictus .  (Dance 1966, Köhler 2007. The specimen fits the original measurement, although it is unknown on how many specimens Dohrn based his description. Moreover, the lack of original data on the label prevents to ascertain the status of this specimen, and the specimen is only treated as possible syntype.

Bulimus deshayesi
Current systematic position. Bulimulidae, Bostryx devians (Dohrn, 1863).  dor, dept. La Union], which is thus the type locality. Of the four specimens in the lot, two are juveniles and one is subadult; the largest specimen is marked "59". The current systematic position follows Thompson (2011: 119).

Bulinus discrepans
Current systematic position. Bulimulidae, Drymaeus (Mesembrinus) discrepans  Remarks. Melvill wrote "Two specimens, precisely similar, were obligingly handed me by Mr. R. Dukinfield Darbishire"; "the type" was placed in the NHMUK collection, the whereabouts of the second specimen are unknown. The reference to "HT 1900.9.27.2" in Breure 1979 has to be interpreted as lectotype designation under Art. 74.6 ICZN. This shell seems to have been damaged several times during life-time, which may have influenced the shape of the shell and aperture. This is probably the reason why this taxon has been referred to different genera (Simone 2006: 118, 152); the classification of Breure (1979) is here tentatively retained until further studies have clarified the systematic position of this nomen inquirendum.

Bulimus dunkeri
Remarks. The original measurements are interpreted as German lines (2.18 mm), and do not correspond to those of the specimen in the NHMUK. However, Pfeiffer's collection is known to have been destroyed (Dance 1966), and type material of this taxon is neither in the SMF (Neubert and Janssen 2004) nor ZMB (Köhler 2007) collections. The current systematic position follows Thompson (2011).
Current systematic position. Bulimulidae, Drymaeus (Drymaeus) dunkeri dunkeri  Remarks. Martens wrote "I have seen only one specimen of this species"; the specimen found is thus the holotype. The current systematic position follows Thompson (2011: 124 Remarks. Morelet considered this to be a variable taxon and distinguished explicitly a smaller variety "Testa minor, (...)". Crawford (1939: 329) compared the two specimens in NHMUK to Scutalus bicolor (Sowerby, 1835), and expressed doubts whether the variety is identical to typical edwardsi; the typical form is considered by him as a synonym of S. culmineus (d'Orbigny, 1835). With the current material at hand we prefer to treat Morelet's material as a geographical form. Weyrauch (1967a: 386) NHMUK 1975508, lectotype;1975509, two paralectotypes (Cuming coll.).

Bulimus electrum
Remarks. The lectotype corresponds to Reeve's original figure. The current systematic position is in accordance with Richardson (1995).

Bulimus erectus
Current systematic position. Bulimulidae, Bostryx erosus . Label. "Jamaica", added in a later handwriting on the front of the cardboard. M.C. label style I, V.
Remarks. The lectotype corresponds to Pfeiffer's original measurements and is figured in Reeve (1848Reeve ( [1848Reeve ( -1850). The locality is probably erroneous; the species is not listed in Rosenberg and Muratov (2005). This taxon is considered by Richardson (1995: 172) to be a synonym of Drymaeus (Mesembrinus) rufescens (J.E. Gray, 1825), described from Jamaica but with very poor diagnostic features. The locality of the latter taxon may also be in error; the type material of Bulimus rufescens Gray, 1825 has not been located and may be lost.
Current systematic position. Bulimulidae, Drymaeus (Mesembrinus) (?) rufescens (J.E. Gray, 1825). Remarks. The lectotype was damaged when it was returned from a loan in 1988; the remaining shell is too fragile to be figured herein. The lot consisted of a second specimen (1975332), which appears to be a juvenile Drymaeus species; this specimen is now excluded as type material.

Bulinus eschariferus
Current systematic position. Bulimulidae, Naesiotus exornatus (Reeve, 1849 Remarks. This material was considered as holotype by Breure (1979). However, da Costa did not state on how many specimens his description was based. Breure (unpublished data) found another specimen in the Dautzenberg collection with a label in da Costa's handwriting, but without enough evidence to consider it a type specimen. However, it cannot be excluded that da Costa had more than one specimen at hand; according to Art. 74.6 ICZN, the NHMUK specimen should be considered as a lectotype. Remarks. Given the label, there is no doubt that this material was part of the type series. One specimen is now designated lectotype (design. n.) to define this poorly understood taxon.

Remarks.
Pfeiffer did not state on how many specimens his description was based. A lot with four specimens was found, which is considered as type material. The specimen marked with 'x' has been selected as lectotype (design. n.) to define this often confused taxon.

Bulimus fenestratus
Remarks. The current systematic position follows Richardson (1995: 126 Remarks. All type material is subadult; the two paralectypes are relatively bigger, with the largest having a shell height of 26.4 mm. The current systematic position follows Richardson (1995: 25).
Current systematic position. Bulimulidae, Bostryx ferrugineus (Reeve, 1849). Remarks. Pfeiffer did not state on how many specimens his description was based. On the label a note is added by a later hand "same as one of / Morelet"; it is unclear to us to what taxon this refers. The current systematic position at the species level follows Richardson (1995 Type material. NHMUK 1975202, lectotype;1975203, two paralectotypes (Cuming coll.).

Bulimus fidustus
Remarks. This taxon is restricted to the Central Cordillera in Colombia and has partly been confused with other Drymaeus species (Breure and Borrero, unpublished data).

Bulimus floridanus
Remarks. This taxon was considered by Richardson (1995: 190) as a junior subjective synonym of Drymaeus umbraticus (Reeve, 1850), of which the type material also is present in the NHMUK collection (see page 201); this classification is here followed.
Current systematic position. Bulimulidae, Drymaeus (Mesembrinus) gabbi (Angas, 1879). Remarks. The current systematic position follows Richardson (1995: 220). Current systematic position. Bulimulidae, Naesiotus galapaganus . Remarks. One of the specimens corresponds to Adams 1867b: pl. 19 fig. 21 and is here selected lectotype (design. n.) to fixate this taxon; it has the top whorls slightly damaged. According to the register the specimens were purchased from Mr R. Geale; the label does not mention the name Boucard. Köhler (2007: 145, fig. 90 Remarks. On the back of the cardboard a handwriting in pencil has noted "seems to be the same as monte-vidensis Pfr.". Miquel (1991) placed this taxon is the synonymy of Syphalomphix bonariensis Rafinesque, 1833, a species from Argentina. How-ever, it must be noted that most Bulimulus species are very similar and often hard to tell apart. Reconsidering the identification made in Breure (2008), we now disagree with him, as the Ecuadorian shells have different dimensions, and the last whorl is less globose than in the lectotype of Bulimus gelidus. The locality on the label may be erroneous, and Reeve's taxon is herein considered as nomen inquirendum.

Bulimus gayi
Current systematic position. Bulimulidae, Bulimulus. Nomen inquirendum. Remarks. The quotation by Richardson (1995: 196) of 1842 as the year of publication of Bulimus gruneri appears erroneous, as Pfeiffer does not mention this taxon until his 1846 paper. Two lots have been traced, one of which contains a specimen closest matching the original dimensions; this specimen is here designated lectotype (design. n.) to define the taxon. The other lot contains one specimen resembling Reeve 1848Reeve [1848Reeve -1850: pl. 51 fig. 332. The locality "Mexico" seems in error, as this taxon has been recognised as a Colombian species (Breure and Borrero, unpublished data) and is now considered as a junior subjective synonym of Bulimus columbianus Lea, 1838 (syn. n.  Remarks. The type locality is now part of Chile, but during the 19 th century has also been part of Bolivia and Peru. This taxon has been treated as nomen inquirendum by Breure (1979). Of the five specimens, two are subadult or juvenile. One specimen corresponds to Reeve 1848Reeve [1848Reeve -1850: pl. 22 fig. 144, and is damaged both at the lip and on the dorsal side of the last whorl.
Remarks. Pfeiffer described this species from the Cuming collection, but did not state on how many specimens his description was based. The current systematic position follows Richardson (1995: 27).
Remarks. Pfeiffer (1846a: 30) mentioned that his material originated from Dyson, which is confirmed by the information on the label. Therefore there is no doubt about the type status of the specimens. However, Pfeiffer's dimensions (H/D ration 1.85) do not fit the specimens found in the NHMUK collection (H/D ratio 2.08). The figure as presented by Reeve 1849Reeve [1848Reeve -1850 confirms the latter ratio, which makes it likely that Pfeiffer's measurements are either erroneous or that he had more material in his own collection. As the Pfeiffer collection must considered to be lost (Dance 1966), the London specimens are the sole reference. We consider it probable that the published dimensions of Pfeiffer are in error.
Current systematic position. Bulimulidae, Drymaeus (Mesembrinus) hondurasanus  Remarks. The current systematic position follows Richardson (1995: 28). Current systematic position. Bulimulidae, Bostryx huascensis (Reeve, 1848). Remarks. The specimen corresponding to Reeve's figure is selected lectotype (design. n.) to define this taxon, for which Reeve did not state on how many specimens his description was based. This taxon is considered a junior subjective synonym of Bulimus mexicanus Lamarck, 1822 by Richardson (1995: 150), which is a Peruvian species.

Helix hygrohylaea d'Orbigny
Current systematic position. Bulimulidae, Drymaeus (Drymaeus) abyssorum (d'Orbigny, 1835). Remarks. Strebel gave the measurements of nearly 30 specimens in his description of Bulimulus palpaloensis, but did not mention the material as presented by Martens-who remarked on the label "Otostomus palpaloensis Streb /.../ collected by Strebel". From their remarks (Strebel and Pfeffer 1882: 86) it is likely that Strebel collected the material himself (see also Martens 1893Martens [1890Martens -1901: 223). The specimens found are evidently material studied by Martens and described as his variety hypozonus; this variety is based on Strebel and Pfeffer 1882: pl. 5 figs 12d, 16. No further evidence is given in this paper on which specimens these figures are based. The suggestion in Köhler (2007) that Martens based this taxon on ZMB material is questionable, as Martens 1890-1901 was entirely based on the Godman collection which is now in NHMUK. The current systematic position is according to Thompson (2011 Remarks. The last whorl of the specimen is very damaged. The current systematic position follows Thompson (2011).

Bulimus (?) illustris Rolle, 1904
Figs 59A-C, L28i Bulimus ( Remarks. The top of the holotype is damaged. The current systematic position is after Richardson (1995). See also remarks on locality and publication date under Bulimulus (Drymaeus) abruptus Rolle, 1904. Current systematic position. Bulimulidae, Newboldius crichtoni (Broderip, 1836). Remarks. The specimen was described and figured on the basis of specimens received from Adams with a manuscript name. Breure (1979) selected as lectotype the specimen that best fitted the figure of Reeve. The current systematic position is according Rosenberg and Muratov (2005).
Remarks. The original label had the locality as "Brazils", but in a later hand (probably E.A. Smith's) this has been corrected to Galapagos. The current systematic position follows Richardson (1995: 225).
Current systematic position. Bulimulidae, Naesiotus nux (Broderip, 1832). Remarks. The label is apparently partly in error, as this species is only known from southern Peru. The current systematic position is after Breure (1979).

Bulimus infundibulum
Current systematic position. Bulimulidae, Bostryx infundibulum . Remarks. The current systematic position is according to Thompson (2011). Current systematic position. Bulimulidae, Drymaeus (Mesembrinus) inglorius (Reeve, 1848). Remarks. Preston described for this taxon also two forms (interruptus form α and β), and three varieties (var. pallidus, var. pallidus form γ, and var. pallidus form δ); as he gave them explicitly infrasubspecific rank these names are not available (Art. 45.6 ICZN). The shells, from the same locality, clearly show the intraspecific variation that may occur in this taxon. Köhler (2007) has interpreted the reference to " HT BMNH 1914.4.3.38" in Breure (1979 as an unjustified designation since Preston evidently did base his description on more than one specimen. However, under Art. 74.6 ICZN the reference of Breure (1979) may be considered as a lectotype designation; specimen ZMB 59597 is therefore a paralectotype.

Remarks.
A lot was found under this name, containing two specimens. One specimen corresponds to the measurements given by Pfeiffer and to Reeve's figure; it is, however, not accompanied by a taxon label in Pfeiffer's handwriting, and therefore considered a possible syntype. The other specimen belongs to a different species, viz. Kuschelenia (Vermiculatus) anthisanensis , and is here excluded from the type series. The current systematic position follows Richardson (1995).
Current systematic position. Bulimulidae, Naesiotus quitensis (Pfeiffer, 1848). Remarks. The original description does not mention on how many specimens it was based, but does refer to a specimen in the Morelet collection. The specimens, of which one is broken, are considered possible syntypes. The current systematic position follows Thompson (2011 Remarks. The two lots originating from the Cuming collection are considered possible syntypes. One specimen from lot 20100648 corresponds to Reeve's figure.

Bulimulus istapensis
There is one additional specimen (NHMUK 1837.4.8.33.576), which according to the registration book, was "purchased from Mr. Eling, Deptford, from Capt Fitzroy's vessel"; this is not considered as type material but may have been collected by Darwin on his voyage with the 'Beagle'.
Current systematic position. Bulimulidae, Naesiotus jacobi . Remarks. Angas did not mention on how many specimens his description was based, but mentioned "Mus. Boucard". The lot found consists of smaller specimens and are considered as possible syntypes. The current systematic position follows Thompson (2011).

Otostomus lilacinus jansoni
Current systematic position. Bulimulidae, Drymaeus (Drymaeus) josephus .  Crawford (1939) he found two specimens with reference to "Val." on the label; however, we found the same lot containing three specimens. Crawford noted on a separate label "The left hand spec. seems from its label + the dimensions to be the spec. described as B. jussieui Pfr. 1846 + fig. Reeve C.I (V) 242"; this specimen is here designated lectotype (design. n.) to define the taxon. There is no label from Reeve accompanying the lot. The current systematic position follows Richardson (1995: 350 Remarks. The top of the specimen is damaged. The current systematic position is following Richardson (1995 Remarks. Pfeiffer did not describe on how many specimens his description was based. The lot found has the taxon label in Pfeiffer's handwriting and the locality corresponds to the original one; it is not know whether this locality lies in the Colombian or Venezuelan part of La Guayra. The largest specimen is smaller than indicated in the original description; the specimens are considered as possible syntypes. Given the shell shape, and the expanded lip this taxon may be better placed in Drymaeus s.str. At species level the current systematic position is according to Richardson (1995: 187 NHMUK 1907NHMUK .11.21.133, lectotype, 1907.134, one paralectotype (da Costa coll.).

Remarks.
Sowerby III (1892) described the species on the basis of "two specimens lent [to] me for description by Mr. Da Costa". The current systematic position follows Richardson (1995).
Current systematic position. Bulimulidae, Drymaeus (Mesembrinus) koppeli (Sowerby III, 1892). Remarks. From the measurements given by Pfeiffer it is clear that he had multiple specimens for his description. As he described this species from the Cuming collection, but no taxon label in Pfeiffer's handwriting was found, this lot is considered as possible syntypes. The current systematic position is according to Richardson (1995: 30).

Bulimus laetus
Remarks. Reeve described the taxon from "Mus. Cuming" and noted "Mr Taylor has a specimen collected independently of this, of exactly similar pattern and colour".
The lot found is accompanied by a label that indicates that it was figured by Reeve (Breure and Ablett 2011: 8, fig. 4C-F). The current systematic position follows Richardson (1995 (1868) did not mention on how many specimens his description was based. The taxon label bears a handwriting that may be Higgins', but this cannot be ascertained. The largest shell in the lot found is smaller than the original measurements given; the specimens are considered as possible syntypes. The taxon is now considered a junior subjective synonym of Bulimus trujillensis Philippi, 1867 (syn. n.). Current systematic position. Bulimulidae, Drymaeus (Drymaeus) trujillensis (Philippi, 1867 , and only on one small part of that-a strip of land facing west on a rocky mountain side, at an elevation of 1,000 to 1,200 feet." Smith did not mention on how many specimens his description was based, but one of the two specimens found corresponds to his figure and is here selected lectotype (design. n.). The taxon is now regarded a junior synonym of Bulimulus (Drymaeus) binominis E.A. Smith, 1895 (syn. n Remarks. The top of the specimen is damaged. Preston (1909) did not mention on how many specimens his description was based; Breure's record of the specimen as holotype has therefore to be interpreted as lectotype designation according to Art. 74.6 ICZN. The current systematic position follows Richardson (1995: 352).
Current systematic position. Bulimulidae, Scutalus latecolumellaris Preston, 1909. Remarks. The type locality was corrected to Guatemala, Vera Paz [Dept. Altaverapaz] by Pilsbry (1899: 42). Breure and Eskens (1981) mentioned two paralectotypes; a modern label (after 1975) states "Also Syntypes of Bulimus focillatus", which makes it likely that six specimens have been added. There is no conclusive evidence that these were Reeve's material; however, the lot cannot be untangled. The current systematic position is following Thompson (2011).

Bulimus lattrei
Current systematic position. Bulimulidae, Drymaeus (Drymaeus) lattrei lattrei (Pfeiffer in Philippi 1846 Remarks. Rolle did not mention on how many specimens his description was based; the label reads "largest is type", suggesting that more than one specimen might have been seen. The record of the holotype in Breure (1979: 110) has therefore to be interpreted as lectotype designation. The taxon is here figured for the first time. See also remarks on locality and publication date under Bulimulus (Drymaeus) abruptus Rolle, 1904. Current systematic position. Bulimulidae, Drymaeus (Drymaeus) laxostylus (Rolle, 1904). Remarks. The type locality was specified in Morelet (1863: 201) "Il provient de Pomacocha et Cocharcas". The current systematic position is according to Richardson (1995: 37).
Current systematic position. Bulimulidae, Bostryx modestus   (1838 [1834-1847]: 284) emended the type location "près des ruines de l'ancienne Mission de San-Juan". One of the paralectotypes correspondonds to the figures given by d'Orbigny. The lectotype in MNHN is a subadult specimen. The current systematic position follows Richardson (1995 (Breure 1975b(Breure : 1151. The current systematic position follows Richardson (1995: 145 Remarks. The aperture of the lectotype has been damaged and the thin lip has been broken off; also the top is slightly damaged. We tentively follow Richardson (1995) in grouping this taxon with Bulimus granadensis Pfeiffer, 1848, but have not seen any type material of the latter for comparison.
Current systematic position. Bulimulidae, Drymaeus (Mesembrinus) granadensis (Pfeiffer, 1848). Remarks. This taxon was described from several localities and with two unnamed varieties; the lectotype is in the MHNG collection. The current systematic position follows Richardson (1995).

Remarks.
Higgins did not state on how many specimens his description was based; however, his material was said to be collected by Buckley. This shell from the Cuming collection cannot be traced to that collector, but corresponds to the original figure of Higgins albeit the colour has faded away; the shell height is slightly less than given by Higgins. This specimen is no longer considered to be type material and loses its status as lectotype. Remarks. The current systematic position follows Richardson (1995). Current systematic position. Bulimulidae, Drymaeus (Mesembrinus) loxensis  Remarks. One of the specimens corresponds to Reeve's figure. The current systematic position is according to Richardson (1995 Remarks. This taxon, hitherto unfigured, has not been collected on New Caledonia (see also Crosse 1871: 183). Pilsbry (1896Pilsbry ( [1895Pilsbry ( -1896: 194) suggested that it might belong to his South American group of 'Bulimulus-Bostryx-Lissoacme' species. The protoconch is smooth and fits within Bostryx sensu Breure 1979 (see also Breure 2012b). The type locality is clearly in error and the species might possibly be found in northern Peru or Ecuador. The specimen marked with 'x' near the basal margin of the aperture is now selected lectotype (design. n.) to fixate this taxon.

Bulimus loxensis
Current systematic position. Bulimulidae, Bostryx luridus . Remarks. These specimens are here considered only as possible paratypes, despite the evidence on the label. The reason is that material of Naesiotus snodgrassi (Dall, 1900) was found (NHMUK 1937.6.18.6-7), originating from Schlesch and designated as 'paratypes', which proved to be collected by the expedition of the California Academy of Sciences in 1905-1906 according to the label; for that reason it is impossible that they belonged to the type series. All type material from this source is thus viewed with much suspicion.

Bulimus lusorius
Current systematic position. Bulimulidae, Naesiotus lycodus (Dall, 1917). Remarks. The label reveals that this is a species from the Venezuelan Andes region of Merida, for which in the beginning of the 19 th century politically the name 'Colombia' has been applied. Contrary to a remark on a modern label from 1980s, this specimen fits the figure by Reeve. The top of the specimen is slightly damaged.

Bulimus marcidus
Current systematic position. Bulimulidae, Bostryx mejillonensis (Pfeiffer, 1857). Remarks. One of the specimens corresponds to the original measurements and Pfeiffer's figure, and is here designated lectotype (design. n.). The paralectotype is subadult. Upon re-examining these specimens, it is clear that the specimens referred to by Breure (1978: 219, pl. 7 fig. 18) are not this species. If the type locality is correct, this species might be expected in southern Colombia or the adjacent region in Ecuador.

Bulimus meleagris
Current systematic position. Bulimulidae, Stenostylus meleagris . Remarks. Pfeiffer did not state on how many specimens his description was based. The material has a taxon label in Pfeiffer's handwriting and is considered as syntypes. One of the specimens corresponds to Reeve's figure.

Bostryx metagyra
Type material. NHMUK 20100630, four probable paratypes (ex Weyrauch). Remarks. Pilsbry and Olsson (1949: 10) remarked "paratypes 184900 ANSP and in Museo Historia Natural, Lima, where many specimens were preserved without locality". As it is known that Weyrauch worked in the Lima museum during many years in the 1940s-1950s (Barbosa et al. 2008), and Weyrauch exchanged many shells, these specimens are considered probable paratypes. Of the supposedly five specimens originally sent by Weyrauch, one is missing and two are broken.
Current systematic position. Bulimulidae, Bostryx metagyra Pilsbry & Olsson, 1949. Type material. NHMUK 20120232, four possible syntypes (Cuming coll.). Remarks. Broderip described this taxon from the Cuming collection, but did not state on how many specimens his description was based. The label is lost, but considering this material is from the Cuming collection and the specimen figured herein corresponds with the original measurements, the material is considered as possible syntypes.
Current systematic position. Bulimulidae, Bostryx modestus . Remarks. Reeve did not state on how many specimens his description was based; of the two specimens the smaller corresponds to Reeve's figure. Lubomirski (1880: 725) identified a shell collected by Jelski in Peru, Dept. Junín, Tarma as this species ("Bulimus (Leptomerus) molecillus [sic]", an error in the name which has been copied by Pilsbry 1897Pilsbry [1897Pilsbry -1898: 63). The voucher material is known to exist in the Warsaw museum (D. Mierzwa, pers. commun.); a photograph suggests a conspecific identification for this specimen, which would thereby disclose the region of occurrence for this taxon.
Remarks. The specimen is labelled "co-type" but is not accompanied by a Dautzenberg label; however, its type status is not questioned here as Dautzenberg is known to have been in regular contact with Preston and the London museum (Duchamps 1999, Breure unpublished data Remarks. Orbigny (1835) originally also mentioned "et provincia Entre-Rios (republica Argentina)" as type locality. The type locality was restricted to "Bolivia, Dept. Santa Cruz" by Breure (1975bBreure ( : 1146; see also Breure 1973. Miquel (1989a

Remarks.
Pfeiffer did not state on how many specimens his description was based. The lectotype, however, matches the original measurements and also corresponds to Reeve's figure. The current systematic position is after Thompson (2011).
Current systematic position. Bulimulidae, Drymaeus (Mesembrinus) moricandi moricandi . Remarks. Reeve did not mention on how many specimens his description was based. The sole specimen corresponds to Reeve's figure and is here designated lectotype (design. n.). The current systematic position as a sepatate taxon follows Richardson (1995). This specimen has been recognized in material from Colombia, Dept. Santander, Los Santos (Breure and Borrero, unpublished data), as first precise locality for this taxon.
Current systematic position. Bulimulidae, Bostryx pumilio Rehder, 1945. Remarks. As Angas did not state on how many specimens his description was based, the reference of Breure (1979) to "HT 1879.1.21.4" has to be interpreted as a lectotype designation under Art. 74.6 ICZN. The current systematic position follows Breure and Borrero (2008).
Current systematic position. Bulimulidae, Drymaeus (Drymaeus) quadrifasciatus . Remarks. According to the labels of lot NHMUK 1975542, the specimens would have originated from Brazil. This is probably an erroneous Cumingian label, as the species has only been found in Colombia (Breure and Borrero, unpublished data). A label stating "Bul. helena Quoy" and a second, illegable, label have supposedly been added afterwards. Another label makes clear that one of the specimens was figured by Reeve (1848). As the taxon label is written by Pfeiffer, there is little doubt about the type status of the specimens in this lot. The shell figured by Simone (2006) is a juvenile syntype. Another lot, NHMUK 20120333, was found with locality "Venezuela" (striked-through in pencil), of which the largest specimen is said to originate from the Cuming collection. As this lot also has a taxon label in Pfeiffer's handwriting, the specimen is considered another probable syntype. It is assumed that the original measurements were given in German lines. The largest specimen in lot NHMUK 1975542 is here designated lectotype (design. n.) to fixate this taxon, which seems to have been misinterpreted in most cases (Breure and Borrero, unpublished data Remarks. Breure (2008) has shown that the type specimens are subadults. The species has been found in Colombia, Dept. Santander, Páramaro de Almorzadero, to which the type locality may be restricted (restr. n.).

Remarks.
Reeve did not state on how many specimens his description was based. The single specimen, with the colours faded on the ventral side, corresponds to his figure and is here selected lectotype (design.n.). The current systematic position is following Richardson (1995: 177 Remarks. Broderip described his taxon from the Cuming collection, but did not specify on how many specimens his description was based. Two lots are considered possible syntypes. Lot 1842.5.10.135-138 contains four specimens, with a note by FGN[aggs] that labels had been stuffed inside; also two specimens, which were apparently glued upon the same cardboard, have been added to this lot. Lot 1975551 has been used for the figure in Reeve 1848Reeve [1848Reeve -1850: pl. 18 figs 103a-b, and has also a taxon label in Pfeiffer's handwriting. Both lots are labelled "Peru". It is unclear upon which shells the record of "Columbia" in Reeve (1848Reeve ( [1848Reeve ( -1850) is based. The current systematic position follows Richardson (1995 NHMUK 1907.11.21.6, lectotype;1907.11.21.7, one paralectotype (da Costa coll.).
Remarks. da Costa did not mention on how many specimens his description was based; in his remarks he wrote "this shell", but as there were two specimens in the type lot, this cannot be interpreted as reference to a single shell. The reference of Breure (1979)  Remarks. This taxon is regarded as a questionable variety of Bulimulus corneous  by Martens (1893Martens ( [1890Martens ( -1901: 247) and Pilsbry (1897Pilsbry ( [1897Pilsbry ( -1898: 56. The exact type locality remains unknown. For the current systematic position we prefer, therefore, to follow Richardson (1995: 68)  Remarks. Preston did not mention on how many specimens his description was based. The single specimen in the NHMUK is not accompanied by a label in Preston's handwriting, but its type status is here not disputed as the specimen originates from Preston. The record of Breure (1979) of "HT 1903.1" has to be interpreted as a lectotype designation under Art. 74.6 ICZN. The current systematic position follows (Richardson 1995: 170).

Remarks.
Reeve did not state on how many specimens his description was based, but mentioned the specimens were from Cuming's collection. The current systematic position is according to Richardson (1995).
Current systematic position. Bulimulidae, Kuschelenia (Vermiculatus) nucinus (Reeve, 1850). Remarks. The material is accompanied by labels denoting its figuration in Reeve (1848-1850) and taxon labels in Pfeiffer's handwriting, one "Bul. nux" and one "Bul. unifasciatus". All labels seem to have been glued together during E.A. Smith's period, who has marked on the board both the locality and the Cumingian origin. The H/D ratio as given by Broderip is probably erroneous.

Bulimus nucula
Current systematic position. Bulimulidae, Naesiotus nux (Broderip, 1832). Remarks. The type locality remains unspecified, as there are several localities named "San Pablo" throughout Peru. Da Costa did not mention on how many specimens his description was based. The reference of Breure (1979) to "HT 1907.11.21.41" has to be interpreted as a lectotype designation under Art. 74.6 ICZN. The protoconch of the specimen is smooth, and the shape is like those found in Bostryx sensu Breure 1979; thefore, the taxon is now transferred to this genus (comb. n.). There is a mismatch in the taxon name between the label and the published name.

Bulimus nystianus
Current systematic position. Bulimulidae, Bostryx obliquistriatus (da Costa, 1901) (comb. n.). Remarks. In his original publication Pfeiffer stated the type locality as unknown. In Pfeiffer (1848b: 208) he quoted "prope Lima (De Lattre)". This may have led Pilsbry (1896Pilsbry ( [1895Pilsbry ( -1896: 162) to put this taxon into the synonymy of Bulinus modestus Broderip, 1832. However, as the material has the taxon label in Pfeiffer's handwriting, and the measurements closely agree with those originally given, the type status is here not disputed. It is assumed therefore that this is a Bolivian taxon. Breure (1979) classified this taxon with Bulimulus Leach, 1814. The protoconch sculpture consists of rather straight axial riblets, which is atypical for this genus. Pfeiffer's taxon is now transferred to Naesiotus sensu Breure 1979 (comb. n.). Current systematic position. Bulimulidae, Naesiotus orbignyi   fig. 8. According to Miquel (1989b: 76) this taxon does not occur in Argentina, but in Brasil. The diameter as given by d'Orbigny (1835) seems to be erroneous, also seen the H/D ration in his figure (d'Orbigny 1837 [1834-1847]: pl. 31 figs 11-12); the publication date of this plate is not given in the collation of Coan et al. (2013a), but is herein assumed to be 1837. The specimen corresponding to this figure is selected lectotype (design.n.). The shell height given by Simone (2006)  Remarks. Morelet described this taxon based on various specimens and described also two colour forms. The current systematic position follows Richardson (1995).

Bulimus ochraceus
Current systematic position. Bulimulidae, Bostryx orophilus (Morelet, 1860). Remarks. Smith did not mention that he based himself on a shell from the Cuming collection; the question mark in his published type locality may be associated with this source (see Breure and Ablett 2011: 5). Also the number of specimens on which the description was based was not mentioned by Smith; therefore, the reference of Breure (1979) to "HT 1975132" has to be interpreted as a lectotype designation under Art. 74.6 ICZN. The current systematic position follows Richardson (1995 Type material. NHMUK 20120056, one syntype (Cuming coll.). Remarks. The shell corresponds with Reeve's figure; its protoconch sculpture equals those found in Drymaeus species. The shell is a juvenile, but at present its systematic specific position cannot be ascertained. This taxon has not been mentioned in monographs (e.g., Pilsbry 1902) or catalogues (e.g., Richardson 1995 . 9.
Current systematic position. Bulimulidae, Naesiotus jacobi . Remarks. The lot is accompanied by a label-possibly added in the 1980s-stating "The writing on the old label [Broderip's handwriting?] on back of board corresponds with that on labels on material purchased from H. Cuming in 1842. Possible type". The current systematic position is according to Thompson (2011).

Bulimus papillatus
Current systematic position. Bulimulidae, Bostryx rhodolarynx papillatus (Morelet, 1860). Remarks. The current systematic position follows Richardson (1995). Current systematic position. Bulimulidae, Neopetraeus patasensis (Pfeiffer, 1858). Remarks. In his remarks in the text to his plate, Reeve added "probably from New Granada, but I have no authority for stating it to be the locality"; the taxon was described from "Mus. Taylor". The current systematic position follows Richardson (1995: 144) and Thompson (2011), who recognises this as a Guatemalan species.

Bulimus patricius
Current systematic position. Bulimulidae, Drymaeus (Drymaeus) lilacinus (Reeve, 1849).  (Breure 1973: 129, fig. 7). Breure (1975b) found in the MNHN collection only material from Cavari, thus var. A; the shell of this variety appeared to belong to Naesiotus. In the NHMUK collection, the specimens from the same locality (1854.12.4.195) prove to be a Bulimulus species; this lot is now excluded from the type series. The protoconch of the specimens in the second lot (1854.12.4.196) show that these can be unambiguously classified in Naesiotus.

Bostryx spiculatus paucicostatus
Current systematic position. Naesiotus pazianus (d'Orbigny, 1835). Remarks. Pfeiffer described this taxon from Cuming's collection, but did not state on how many specimens his description was based. Reibisch (1892: 19) reported this taxon for the first time from a precise locality, "Chatham Island, Galapagos", on account of specimens collected by Th. Wolf.

Scutalus (Vermiculatus) peaki
Current systematic position. Bulimulidae, Naesiotus perspectivus . Remarks. Pfeiffer gave "Columbia" [= Colombia] as type locality; the Cumingian material is, however, labelled as "New Granada", which may refer to a broader area than Colombia. During a revision of Colombian Drymaeus species, Breure and Borrero were unable to recognize this taxon in the material studied (unpublished data); the data in Linares and Vera (2012) have to viewed with suspicion.   Breure (1978) suggested that this taxon may prove to be related ot identical to Bulimulus riisei ; in the latter case B. pervius will have priority.

Current systematic position. Bulimulidae, Drymaeus (Mesembrinus) perviabilis
Current systematic position. Bulimulidae, Bulimulus pervius . Remarks. This taxon was described by Reeve on the basis of material collected by Bridges in the Cuming collection. The collector is not mentioned on the label, but the specimen confirms to Reeve's figure and its type status is not disputed here. The current systematic position is according to Pilsbry (1896Pilsbry ( [1895Pilsbry ( -1896) and Miquel (1991), but takes into account the new combination made for this taxon. Remarks. Morelet did not state on how many specimens his description was based. The current systematic position follows Thompson (2011).

Bulimus pessulatus
Current systematic position. Bulimulidae, Bulimulus unicolor . Remarks. Pfeiffer described the taxon from "Peru" on account of specimens from the Cuming collection. Reeve based himself on the same collection and gave "Chacopo [sic], Bolivia"; one of labels mentions "Chachopo", which is in Venezuela where this genus does not occur. The measurements given by Pfeiffer appear to have been erroneous, as already mentioned by Pilsbry (1897Pilsbry ( [1897Pilsbry ( -1898: 21) and Breure (1978). With the taxon label in Pfeiffer's handwriting, the type status of this material is not disputed. Weyrauch (1967a: 387) considered this taxon as a distinct species from Peru. However, the region where it may be found has still to be confirmed. Current systematic position. Bulimulidae, Kuschelenia (Vermiculatus) petiti (Pfeiffer, 1846) (comb. n.). Remarks. The current systematic position is according to Richardson (1995 Remarks. The measurements given originally by Pfeiffer seem to be erroneous. The type status of this lot is not disputed herein, and the specimen selected as lectotype corresponds to Pfeiffer's figure. The top of the lectotype is damaged.

Remarks.
Reeve did not mention on how many specimens his description was based. The specimen matches his figure and is here selected as lectotype (design. n.). The current systematic position follows Richardson (1995).

Drymaeus prestoni da Costa, 1906 http://species-id.net/wiki/Drymaeus_prestoni Figs 18J, L48iv
Drymaeus prestoni da Costa 1906a: 9, pl. 1 fig. 9 NHMUK 1907.11.21.12, lectotype (da Costa coll.). Remarks. da Costa did not state on how many specimens his description was based, but mentioned "represented by several examples hitherto unnamed in the British Museum"; in the same paper he did also describe a "var. cancellata" (see p. 38). On the original label "Type" is striked through and, in a different handwriting, added "Holotype". This cannot, however, be regarded as holotype designation by da Costa, so the reference of Breure (1979) to "HT 1907.11.21.12 Remarks. Reeve did not state on how many specimens his description was based. Richardson (1995: 207) treated this taxon as a junior subjective synonym of Bulimus studeri Pfeiffer, 1847; we concur with this opinion, but contrary to this author consider this species to belong to Drymaeus (Mesembrinus) Albers, 1850.
Current systematic position. Bulimulidae, Drymaeus (Mesembrinus) studeri . Remarks. Broderip described this taxon and three varieties from the Cuming collection; they were figured by Sowerby II 1832-1841). The two lots found represent Bulinus proteus and one variety. Reeve 1848Reeve [1848Reeve -1850: pl. 17 fig.  100 named this taxon as Bulimus sordidus (Lesson, 1826), but stated "The name given to this species by Mr. Broderip is a far more appropriate one (...) it is to Mr. Cuming that we are mainly indebted for the beautiful varieties obtained in different parts of Peru". He also corrected this in the text related to Reeve 1849Reeve [1848Reeve -1850: pl. 59 fig. 401. A specimen corresponding to the dimensions given by Broderip could not be located in the material. One of the specimens, however, corresponds to Sowerby's figure 14c and is here designated lectotype (design.n.) to fixate the nominal taxon.

Bulimus protractus
Remarks. Given our current understanding, we disagree with Richardson (1995: 123), who considered this taxon to be a junior subjective synonym of Bulimus expansus Pfeiffer, 1848. However, the species complex of Drymaeus (D.) expansus certainly needs further research to establish the relationships. The current systematic position follows Weyrauch 1967b: 485.
Current systematic position. Bulimulidae, Drymaeus (Drymaeus) protractus . Remarks. Sowerby described this species from the Cuming collection, but did not state on how many specimens his description was based. In the remarks he stated "found on dead leaves in the clefts of rocks in the mountains of Cobija". This area now belongs to Chile. Current systematic position. Bulimulidae, Bostryx pruinosus .  Richardson (1995).

Bulimus puellaris
The protoconch sculpture of Bulimus puellaris Reeve, 1850 shows this taxon to belong in the genus Drymaeus Albers, 1850. This taxon is tentatively kept as a separate species until further research has established its position.
Current systematic position. Bulimulidae, Drymaeus (Mesembrinus) puellaris (Reeve, 1850 Remarks. As is shown in Adam's figure, his shell ("one example of this beautiful species") was badly broken, with only the lower part of the shell remaining. The shell height he gave was clearly a guess, as the actual shell is smaller. The lot is accompanied by a photo "of [a] perfect specimen from H.B. Preston"; assuming that this photograph is natural size, the dimensions are H 58.1, D 21.0. The current systematic position follows Richardson (1995: 165 NHMUK 1907.11.21.20, lectotype;1907.11.21.21, one paralectotype (da Costa coll.).
Remarks. da Costa did not state on how many specimens his description was based, but mentioned "there appears to be much variation both in form and colour among the specimens collected of this species"; on the same page he did also describe a "var. albida" (his figs 2-2a) and a "var. ventricosa" (his figs 3-3a). The reference of Breure (1979) to "HT 1907.11.21.20" has to be interpreted as a lectotype designation under Art. 74.6 ICZN. This specimen corresponds to da Costa's fig. 1a; the paralectotype matches closely the measurements given by da Costa (H 34.3, D 14.18, W 7.0 Remarks. One of the specimens, which are considered probable syntypes, corresponds to Reeve's figure. The current systematic position follows Richardson (1995).

Bulimus purpuratus
Remarks. The locality on the registration card in the collection is "Andes of Catamarca"; the original label seems to be lost. The current systematic position follows Weyrauch (1967a) and Richardson (1995).

Remarks.
Broderip did not state on how many specimens his description was based. One of the specimens corresponds to Reeve's figure. The current systematic position follows Richardson (1995).

Remarks.
Angas did not state on how many specimens his description was based. The label states "P.Z.S., the type", but this is not in Angas' handwriting.
Remarks. The holotype is indicated on the label, on which is remarked "smallest spec. quite likely / a different sp."; in fact, this specimen is a juvenile Bostryx species and may have been mixed up with this lot. Crawford mentioned two specimens from the type locality and two from Saracocha, which is in the same region; the fifth, juvenile specimen was not mentioned by him and is here excluded from the type material. Another lot is from the Lake Junín area; we concur with the doubt expressed by Crawford himself about this being conspecific ("Junin lies …about 500 miles NW of the other two localities"), but refrain from making definitive conclusions as this is beyond the scope of this paper. Current systematic position. Bulimulidae, Kuschelenia (Vermiculatus) quechuarum (Crawford, 1939) NHMUK 1975320, lectotype;1975321, two paralectotypes;19991539, three paralectotypes, Delattre leg. (Cuming coll.).
Remarks. Pfeiffer did not state on how many specimens his description was based when he described this taxon from Cuming's collection.

Bulimus radiatus
Remarks. According to Pilsbry 1897Pilsbry [1897Pilsbry -1898: 19 this taxon is a junior homonym of Bulimus radiatus Bruguière, 1789. Richardson (1995: 35, 167) placed this taxon in the synonymy of Bulimus nigropileatus Reeve, 1849, which we do not endorse. It is clear from the dimensions quoted by Morelet, that he had ample material at hand. The locality on the label could not be found in modern gazetteers. The mixture of material from two widely separated regions in Peru, and the lack of a precise location for the type material, calls for additional research to establish the position of this taxon.
Current systematic position. Bulimulidae, Bostryx angrandianus (Pilsbry 1897 Remarks. The material is labelled as "co-types". The current systematic position follows Richardson (1995 Remarks. Adams did not state on how many specimens his description was based. The specimen was designated as lectotype by Breure (1979: 123), but erroneously mentioned under Bulimulus aureolus rawsoni Guppy, 1871. Guppy's shell was from the same source and his taxon was considered the senior subjective synonym of Adam's taxon by Pilsbry (1899: 20).

Bulimus recedens
Current systematic position. Bulimulidae, Bostryx nigropileatus (Reeve, 1849).  Pfeiffer 1859b: 405 and Pfeiffer 1868-1869: 414). Pfeiffer (1859b) also mentioned "Habitat Moyobamba Peruviae (Yates), Tarapoto (Spence)", indicating that he had seen additional material in the Cuming collection. The material found is from the second source and one specimen corresponds to Pfeiffer 1868Pfeiffer [1866Pfeiffer -1869: pl. 94 figs 19-20; the material of Yates could not be traced in the collection. The indication as "ST" by Breure (1979) was evidently based on the wrong series, although the label authorizes the material as seen by Pfeiffer. The current systematic position follows Richardson (1995).
Remarks. Reeve did not state on how many specimens his description was based; the shell matches his figure. The label may have either been lost or never have been present. The current systematic position follows Richardson (1995 Remarks. Higgins described this taxon from "several specimens" which were found (in part?) by Mr. Farris. The lot found was received from the shell dealer R.F. Geale; further data are missing. As the shells were registered at the same time of Higgins' publication, it is possible that they were part of the original series; they are treated herein as possible syntypes. The current systematic position is according to Richardson (1995 Remarks. Sowerby I did not state on how many specimens from the Cuming collection his description was based. One of the specimens found has also been figured by Reeve, and was selected as lectotype by Breure (1979).
Current systematic position. Bulimulidae, Naesiotus rugiferus . Remarks. Sowerby did not state on how many specimens his description was based. The current systematic position follows Richardson (1995).

Bulinus rugulosus
Current systematic position. Bulimulidae, Naesiotus rugulosus . Remarks. Morelet (1860) did not state on how many specimens his description was based. In Morelet (1863) the locality is specified as "la vallée de Jauja". The specimen corresponding to his figure is now selected lectotype (design. n.) to fixate this taxon. The current systematic position is according to Richardson (1995).
Type material. NHMUK 1889.3.23.12, lectotype, G.A. Ramage leg. Remarks. Smith (1889) reported on shells from Dominica and St. Lucia; those from the latter island were marked with an asterisk. He did not mention details on the locality for this taxon, nor on the number of specimens examined. Therefore, the reference of Breure (1975) to "holotype: BMNH" has to be interpreted as a lectotype designation under Art. 74.6 ICZN. The periostracum behind the lip of the type specimen has begun to peel off. The current systematic position takes into account the results of Breure and Romero (2012) Breure and Ablett (2011: 3, 10, 12) for the connection between the Sowerby's and Cuming. The specimens found-and herein considered as probable syntypes-have also been figured by Reeve, who cited as locality "Cobijam, Peru"; this was correct at the time of collecting, as the area of Cobija only later became part of Chile. The current systematic position follows Richardson (1995).
Current systematic position. Bulimulidae, Bostryx scabiosus . Remarks. Morelet (1860) did not state on how many specimens his description was based. In Morelet (1863) the locality is specified as "sur le plateau d'Andamarca"; there are different localities with that name in southern Peru. The locality mentioned on the label is near Urubamba, from where the species has been reported by Breure (1978).

Bulimus scalaricosta
Current systematic position. Bulimulidae, Bostryx tubulatus scalaricostus (Morelet, 1860).  Remarks. There are two lots with the same same label. As Broderip described this taxon from Cuming's collection, we consider them as probable syntypes; see also the remarks under Bulinus scabiosus. One of the specimens of lot 20100635 corresponds to Reeve 1848Reeve [1848Reeve -1850: pl. 21 fig. 129a; the other figure (129b) corresponds to one of the specimens from the second lot (20100636). The current systematic position follows Richardson (1995).

Bulinus scalariformis
Current systematic position. Bulimulidae, Bostryx scalariformis . Type material. NHMUK 1975240, three probable syntypes (Cuming coll.). Remarks. Pfeiffer probably described this taxon from a specimen in his own collection, which is likely to be lost. The measurements given by Pfeiffer are thus interpreted as German lines. The specimens from Cuming's collection also bear Pfeiffer's handwriting and are probably the only extant ones that confirms his identification; they are considered as probable syntypes. The current systematic position follows Thompson (2011: 127).
Label. "-?". Dimensions. "Long. 34, diam 17 mill.". Figured specimen H 34.0, D 18.9, W 6.6. Type material. NHMUK 1975270, two specimens (Cuming coll.). Remarks. Pfeiffer described his taxon from "einer alten Sammlung" from an unknown locality. His first reference of Reeve's figure being conspecific is given in Pfeiffer 1858b: 166 (Richardson's reference (1995: 174) to Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1852 [1854]: 65 is a lapsus). The specimens in this lot corresponds to Pfeiffer's description and one of the shells fits his dimensions and also Reeve's figure. However, since no taxon label in Pfeiffer's handwriting nor a label from Reeve's Conchologica Iconica is present, the specimens are not considered type specimens.
Current systematic position. Bulimulidae, Drymaeus (Drymaeus) scitulus (Reeve, 1849 Remarks. Adams stated "one example only", thus there is no doubt this is the holotype. The current systematic position is according to Richardson (1995: 123).
Remarks. Pfeiffer described his material from the Cuming collection, based on material "found on bushes by Darwin". Reeve based himself on the same material. Although the specimens are not accompanied by a taxon label in Pfeiffer's handwriting, their type status is not disputed as the shell height closely agrees with Pfeiffer's data. The current systematic position follows Richardson (1995).

Bulimus serratus
Remarks. da Costa wrote "this shell", although three specimens are present in the original lot. Only if we assume that "this shell" is implying that da Costa had only one specimen at hand, the lectotype designation by Breure (1979) would lose its status; however, the presence of multiple specimens in the original lot argues against this assumption.
Current systematic position. Bulimulidae, Drymaeus (Drymaeus) solidus (Preston, 1907). Type material. NHMUK 20100566, one probable syntype (Cuming coll.). Remarks. Pfeiffer, who described this taxon from Cuming's collection, did not state on how many specimens his description was based. The specimen found corresponds to Reeve's figure, which was copied by Pilsbry (1898Pilsbry ( [1897Pilsbry ( -1898), who attributed this taxon to Reeve. Pilsbry classified the taxon with Neopetraeus Martens, 1885, but this is likely to be unjustified; Breure (1979: 136) treated it as a nomen inquirendum. Although the material is not accompanied by a taxon label in Pfeiffer's handwriting, its type status is not disputed as the shell height agrees with Pfeiffer's measurements. On the taxon label, the locality is given "Andes of Colombia"; on the front side of the card board is written "Venezuela". The latter locality has clearly been added during later years, and may reflect the change in political-administrative borders at that time. The protoconch sculpture is worn, making a definite conclusion difficult; judged from the colour pattern in this shell, this taxon may prove to belong to Drymaeus (Mesembrinus Remarks. Reeve described this taxon from "Mus. Taylor" and figured three different shells. The specimen selected lectotype by Breure (1979) corresponds to fig. 601a; the other two figures do not belong to this species. The distribution of this-easily misinterpreted-taxon as given by Linares and Vera (2012), entirely based on records from literature, need to be viewed with suspicion.

Type locality. "Bolivia".
Label. "Province of Patas, / Andes of Peru / D r Farris ", "Peru", in a later handwriting; in both cases taxon label in Pfeiffer's handwriting. M.C. label style I.
Remarks. Pfeiffer (1857) described this taxon from Cuming's collection, but did not state on how many specimens his description was based. In Pfeiffer (1859) he emendated his measurements and locality to "Long. 20 1/2-28, diam. 9-11 mill." resp. "Bolivia; in prov. Patas, Peru (Farris)". Subsequently, in Pfeiffer (1869Pfeiffer ( [1866Pfeiffer ( -1869) he only gave "Patas Perurvae [sic] (Farris)" as locality; the figured specimens by him belong to lot 1975344. His definition of this taxon might have been shifted over these years. The lot from Bolivia could not be traced in the NHMUK collection. The lectotype chosen by Breure (1978) was collected by Farris in Peru. Richardson (1995: 35) considered this taxon as junior subjective synonym of Bulimus nigropileatus Reeve, 1849. We tentatively regard this as a different-but evidently closely allied-species.

Bulinus strigatus Sowerby I, 1833
http://species-id.net/wiki/Bulinus_strigatus Figs 29J-L, L57i Bulinus strigatus Sowerby I 1833 [Sowerby I and II 1832- Remarks. Sowerby likely based his material on the Cuming collection; however, none of his material has been traced with certainty. The specimens found, and labelled by Pfeiffer, are therefore treated as possible syntypes; they are partly damaged.
Remarks. Pfeiffer based himself on material from Cuming's collection, but did not state on how many specimens his description was based. The type locality was corrected to "Merida / Novae Granadae" in Pfeiffer 1853d: 347. The lectotype chosen by Breure (1979) corresponds to Reeve's figure. This taxon has been misclassified as Leiostracus by Richardson (1995: 207). The material mentioned as Drymaeus studeri from Colombia by Linares and Vera (2012: 200), may only partially belong to that species. Unpublished data from Breure and Borrero strongly suggest that further morphologi-cal and molecular studies are needed to ascertain the status of this taxon and some taxa that have been associated with it in literature.

Gonyostomus subhybridus da Costa, 1906
http://species-id.net/wiki/Gonyostomus_subhybridus Figs 46G-I, L57iv Gonyostomus subhybridus da Costa 1906b: 97, pl. 9 fig. 1 Remarks. Smith did not state on how many specimens his description was based. The label states "type", but this cannot be interpreted as holotype designation; there is also remarked "Purch[ased] of Cutter", and "1/6" in the lower right corner of the label. The top of the specimen is broken, hence the lower shell height than the measurement given by Smith.
Dimensions. "Long. 30, diam. 14 mm."; figured specimen herein H 30.1, D 14.0, W 6.6. Type material. NHMUK 1907.11.21.37, lectotype (da Costa coll.). Remarks. da Costa did not state on how many specimens his description was based; the reference of Breure (1979) to " HT BMNH 1907.11.21.37" has to be interpreted as a lectotype designation under Art. 74.6 ICZN. Type material. NHMUK 20110084, two possible syntypes (Cuming coll.). Remarks. Pfeiffer probably described this taxon from a specimen in his own collection, which is likely to be lost; Pfeiffer (1843in Philippi 1842-1845 stated the specimen(s) to have been collected by Hegewisch. The specimens from Cuming's collection also bear Pfeiffer's handwriting and are probably the only extant ones that confirms his identification; they are considered as probable syntypes. The current systematic position follows Thompson (2011: 112).
Current systematic position. Bulimulidae, Drymaeus (Mesembrinus) sulcosus (Pfeiffer, 1841). Type material. NHMUK 20100585, lectotype and two paralectotypes (Cuming coll.). Remarks. Pfeiffer described this taxon on the basis of specimens collected by Sallé and kept in the Cuming collection; Pfeiffer did not state on how many specimens his description was based. One of the specimens found corresponds to the figure and original shell height mentioned by Pfeiffer, and is here designated lectotype to define the taxon (design. n.). The current systematic position follows Thompson (2011: 119).

Bulimus sulphureus
Current systematic position. Bulimulidae, Drymaeus (Mesembrinus) sulphureus (Pfeiffer, 1857).  (Coan et al. 2013a) and was probably based on material present in the collection of H. Cuming. The material found was purchased by Cuming, and one of the specimens fits the shell height mentioned by Pfeiffer. The material has also been figured by Reeve and has a taxon label in Pfeiffer's handwriting. The specimens are considered as probable syntypes. The current systematic position follows Simone (2006: 131); however, the classification of Auris with the Bulimulidae needs further confirmation from molecular studies.  NHMUK 1975338, lectotype (Cuming coll.). Remarks. The current systematic position agrees with Richardson (1995: 183). Current systematic position. Bulimulidae, Drymaeus (Mesembrinus) tenuilabris (Pfeiffer, 1866).  'Stearns ms.' in January 1892, while Reibisch' taxon has not been associated with a specific date and hence has to be dated as 31 December 1892.

Bulimulus
Current systematic position. Bulimulidae, Naesiotus habeli (Dall, 1892). ; he did not state on how many specimens his description was based. The material was likely deposited in the Cuming collection and one specimen corresponds to Reeve's figure. The material is herein considered as probable syntypes. The current systematic position follows Richardson (1995: 29).
Remarks. d'Orbigny's varieties have proven to belong to different species, already noticed by Pilsbry (1897Pilsbry ( [1897Pilsbry ( -1898) and Richardson (1995), although they disagreed on the specific assignments of the four varieties. Breure (1975b) mentioned only material pertaining to the varieties A and B in the Paris museum; however, also material corresponding to variety D is available in this collection (Breure, unpublished data). The data presented in d' Orbigny 1837Orbigny -1838Orbigny [1834Orbigny -1847, together with the material of both the NHMUK and MNHN collections, are used here to resolve this complicated issue.
Remarks. da Costa did not state on how many specimens his description was based; the material was said to be from "Buckley's Coll.". The reference of Breure (1979) to " HT BMNH 1907.11.21.55 D 11.3, W 8.5 [.191].
Type material. "var. A." NHMUK 1854.12.4.191, seven paralectotypes;"var. B." NHMUK 1854.12.4.192, nine paralectotypes. Remarks. Breure (1975b) found type material in the Paris museum and concluded that it belonged to two different species, one lot corresponding to pl. 32 figs 1-2 (this is d'Orbigny's var. A) and one lot to figs 3-4 (var. B). In the London museum all specimens proved to belong to the same taxon, despite their being labelled with different variety letters; however, they represent different colour forms.
Current systematic position. Bulimulidae, Bostryx torallyi (d'Orbigny, 1835). Remarks. Two lots were found, of which one has a taxon label "B. translucidus" possibly written in Broderip's hand; note the different spelling compared to the published taxon name. The other lot has been used by Reeve for his fig. 71; this lot has a taxon label in Pfeiffer's handwriting. All material consists mostly of subadults and juveniles, but one of adult shells agrees with Broderip's shell height and is here designated lectotype (design.n.) to define the taxon.

Bulinus translucens Broderip in Broderip and
Current systematic position. Bulimulidae, Drymaeus (Mesembrinus) translucens . Remarks. Reeve described this taxon from "Mus. Cuming", but did not give a locality. It is not clear if the locality added during later years may be trusted. This is a subadult specimen and the taxon may prove to be synonymous with one of the many similar-looking other Bulimulus taxa occurring in this region.
Remarks. Morelet did not state on how many specimens his description was based. This sinistral species may prove to be identical with one of the other, dextral, Drymaeus species occurring in its distribution range as enantiomorphy within this group may be more commenly found than currently thought (Breure, unpublished data).

Bulimus umbricatus
Remarks. The classification of this taxon by Thompson (2011: 107) with Bulinus unicolor Sowerby I, 1833 was incorrect, as shown by the typical Drymaeus protoconch sculpture of the lectotype. The specimen is subadult and the locality is very inprecise, making it difficult to match the material with any known taxon. The current systematic position tentively follows Breure and Eskens (1981).

Bulinus unifasciatus
Remarks. Sowerby described this taxon from the collection of H. Cuming; he specified "Charles's Island", currently called Isla San Cristóbal. E.A. Smith, as curator of the collection, considered this probable type material; its status is here not disputed. The paralectotype (H 22.0, D 11.06, W 6.7) is better preserved and shows the characteristic pale band along the periphery of the last whorl.
Remarks. Pfeiffer described this species from H. Cuming's collection, but did not state on how many specimens his description was based. The variety he described from Venezuela is not considered to be this species.
Current systematic position. Bulimulidae, Drymaeus (Mesembrinus) vincentinus . Remarks. Pfeiffer described this taxon from the Cuming collection, but did not state on how many specimens his description was based. The protoconch is sculptured with indistinct granules, the shell shape is like those found in several taxa of Bostryx sensu Breure 1979, who treated this taxon as a nomen inquirendum. The current systematic position follows Richardson (1995: 51).
Current systematic position. Bulimulidae, Drymaeus (Drymaeus) zhorquinensis (Angas, 1879). Remarks. da Costa did not state on how many specimens his description was based; the reference of Breure (1979) to " HT BMNH 1907.11.21.46" has to be interpreted as a lectotype designation under Art. 74.6 ICZN. The top of the lectotype is damaged, hence the shell height appears smaller than mentioned by da Costa. The name "Cavariare" could not be found using modern gazetteers.
Current systematic position. Bulimulidae, Drymaeus (Drymaeus) ziczac (da Costa, 1898). Remarks. Pfeiffer described this taxon from the collection of H. Cuming, but did not state on how many specimens his description was based; he also did describe a variety and stated that the locality was unknown. In Pfeiffer (1848b: 175) he stated "Habitat in America centrali (Largilliert) et in republica mexicana? (Liebmann.)"; the depository of these specimens was not given. Two lots have been found which have taxon labels in Pfeiffer's handwriting indicating "ziegleri Pfr.". Lot 1975570 has a label mentioning "Brazils", on which is added in pencil "var β? Pfr. Mon Hel. II / p. 175". Lot 20120338 has two taxon labels in Pfeiffer's hand and one of them has "[C]hiapes [Chiapas] Mexico / Mon Geisbright"; this is the lot that has been used by Reeve and was referred by him to "Central America". Pfeiffer (1853d: 413) refers to this figure as being [Bulimus] ziegleri, without giving further data. Hupé (1857: 51) associated this species with Peruvian material without further data or illustration. Tryon (1867: 168, pl. 13 fig. 6) mentioned this species from "Cinalos, North-western Mexico". Binney and Bland (1869: 193, fig. 336) gave as locality "Mazatlan and Central America", and their figure was "drawn from a specimen received from Dr. Pfeiffer". Pfeiffer (1872: 76), reporting on shells collected in Suriname by Kühn, mentioned "aus der Umgegend von Paramaribo: (...) Bulimus Ziegleri Pfr."; this was likely a misidentification, but may have led to the confusion mentioned below. Stearns (1894: 167) reported three living specimens of this species intercepted at San Francisco, and originating in Altata [Mexico, Edo. Sinaloa]. Pilsbry (1899: 40)-who seemed to be convinced of the northwestern Mexican origin of this taxon-suggested that Pfeiffer's original description was based on immature specimens. He further remarked "Probably it [Pfeiffer's variety] has nothing to do with the typical ziegleri."; he considered Bulimus californicus Reeve 1848Reeve ([1848Reeve -1850: pl. 56 fig. 378) as a junior subjective synonym of Pfeiffer's taxon. Vernhout (1914: 14-15) refers to Pfeiffer (1872) and said "as Pfeiffer himself records this species from Paramaribo, I feel not justified to doubt of its occurrence in Surinam." Simone (2006: 146, fig. 490) figured specimens from lot 1975570 as "possible syntypes" from Brazil, as Mesembrinus ziegleri, without expressing doubts about its occurrence. Finally, Thompson (2011: 111) records this species from Mexico, Edo. Sinaloa.

Non-Bulimulidae
Remarks. The following taxon, hitherto classified with the Bulimulidae, proved not to belong this group.