Redescription of Urartucoris ermolenkoi (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Coreidae) and a revised key to the genera of Pseudophloeini of the Western Palaearctic Region

Abstract Urartucoris ermolenkoi P. V. Putshkov, 1979 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Coreidae: Pseudophloeinae) is recorded from Turkey for the first time. Redescriptions of the genus and species are provided, the male of Urartucoris ermolenkoi being described for the first time, and intraspecific variability of the species is discussed. Adults of Urartucoris ermolenkoi were collected from mid April to end of July and in mid September by means of pitfall traps. First data on the habitat of the species are provided: it is epigeic, inhabiting sparse forests and shrublands at higher elevations (ca. 1400–1600 m a.s.l.) in arid regions of central Anatolia. A revised key to the genera of the West Palaearctic Pseudophloeini is provided. Translations of the original descriptions from Russian are given in Appendix.

Specimens of an additional genus and species so far unrecorded from Turkey, Urartucoris ermolenkoi, were recently obtained by the third author. This species has never been recorded after its original description, and its male sex has remained unknown so far. In this contribution we redescribe the genus and species, provide the first description and illustra-tions of the male of U. ermolenkoi, and give the first information on its habitat preference. An updated key to the West Palaearctic genera of Pseudophloeini is presented as well.
The examined material of U. ermolenkoi was collected during the ongoing systematic studies on insect diversity of the Gölcük Natural Park, which has already been a subject of several papers, including i.a. records of two genera and 25 species new to Turkish fauna and among them five species of Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) described as new to science (Fent and Japoshvili 2012, Japoshvili and Anlas 2011, Japoshvili and Çelik 2010, Japoshvili and Ljubomirov 2011, Japoshvili and Toyganözü 2011, Japoshvili et al. 2009, 2011. Concerning Heteroptera, Fent and Japoshvili (2012) identified 66 species of true bugs from 13 families, the family Coreidae being represented by 9 species (7 in the tribe Pseudophloeini).

Material and methods
The Gölcük Natural Park (GNP) (Fig. 1) is situated in Isparta Province (Mediterranean Region of Turkey) in an arid region located 8 km southwest of the city Isparta. With its diverse vegetation and wildlife, geomorphological structure, and aesthetically pleasing landscape, GNP is one of the most important areas of the Lakes District in Turkey (Fig.  17). This area of 5,925 ha was proclaimed a natural park but its condition is deteriorating because it has no master plan and only minimal management (Gül et al. 2005). Area of the GNP has a rather complex geology, composed of alternating sedimentary (Akdağ limestone, conglomerates, flysch), magmatic (harzburgite, serpentinite), and volcanic rocks (trachy-andesites, tight tuffs, ash, and pumice tuff stones). Isparta Province itself is located at the border between the Irano-Anatolian and Mediterranean basin biodiversity hotspots, and this is reflected in the flora of the GNP as well: 22 (9.7 %) species endemic for Irano-Anatolian hotspot and 17 (7.5 %) endemic for Mediterranean basin hotspot are represented in this region (Fakir 1998, Fakir andDutkuner 1999); 25 species (11 %) are endemic for Turkey (Fakir 1998). The studies performed around Gölcük Lake showed that 227 plant taxa from 136 genera within 47 families existed there, and among them red pine (Pinus brutia Ten.), black pine (Pinus nigra Arnold. ssp. pallasiana (Lamb.), oaks (Quercus spp.), cedar (Cedrus libani A. Rich.), pseudoacacia (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) and some other shrubs are characteristic for the Gölcük Natural Park (Fakir andDutkuner 1999, Karatepe et al. 2005).
Dry-mounted specimens were measured under a stereomicroscope using an ocular micrometer. The following measurements were examined: body length (from apex of clypeus to apex of membrane), head length (from apex of clypeus to the anterior pronotal margin), head width (maximum width across eyes), interocular width (between inner margins of eyes), lengths of antennomeres (maximum lengths), pronotum length (medially in most exposed view), pronotum width (maximum width between humeral angles), scutellum length (medially from base to apex), scutellum width (maximum width at base), and abdomen width (maximum width).
All line drawings (using camera lucida) and the dissections of genitalia were made under a Leica MZ75 stereomicroscope. For the study of genitalia, a male specimen was softened in distilled water, and the pygophore was removed under stereomicroscope using a fine forceps, then put into concentrated KOH solution and heated until the solution started to boil. After maceration the pygophore was washed in distilled water and dissected under stereomicroscope. The dissected phallus is preserved in a plastic microvial with glycerol attached to the same pin as the specimen. The morphological terminology follows mostly Tsai et al. (2011).
Redescription. Structure. Head porrect, robust, about as long as wide across eyes, strongly gibbose dorsally, anterior portion of head (anteriad of antenniferous tubercles) long (Fig. 2). Clypeus anteriorly surpassing mandibular plates. Antenniferous tubercles large, apically produced into long, inward-curved projection embracing base of antennal segment I. Compound eyes small, globular, protruding from head outline by most of their width (Fig. 2). Ocelli situated on small tubercles slightly posteriad of posterior margin of compound eyes, directed dorsolaterad; each ocellus closer to eye than to each other. Antennal segments ordered from longest to shortest: II > IV > III ≥ I. Antennal segment I robust, obovate, narrowing in basal one quarter of its length, slightly curved towards base, its apex surpassing apex of clypeus anteriorly; antennal segments II-IV much more slender, II and III almost cylindrical, slightly widening towards apex, IV spindle-shaped, with constricted base (Fig. 2). Bucculae short, covering approximately anterior half of labial segment I, surpassing labial segment I ventrally, ventral margin rounded, anteriorly reaching apex of clypeus (Fig. 4). Labial segments ordered from longest to shortest: I > II > IV > III; apex of segment I not reaching posterior margin of head, apex of segment II reaching anterior margin of procoxae, and apex of segment IV reaching anterior margin of mesocoxae (Figs 3, 4). Pronotum trapezoid, anterior margin slightly concave, lateral and posterior margin nearly straight (Fig. 2). Pronotum highest at line connecting humeral angles, sloping anteriorly towards head (Fig. 4). Pronotal disk flat, slightly sloping towards lateral and posterior margin. Anterior margin of pronotum raised, forming sharp collar (most prominent laterally) (Figs 2, 3), constricted posteriorly by deep transverse groove continuing to propleura; anterolateral angles of pronotum such as in Ceraleptus not developed. Lateral margins of pronotum and humeral angles rounded, unarmed, not protruding ( Fig. 2).
Legs. All femora oval in cross-section. Profemur widest in midlength, mesofemur approximately in its apical third (Fig. 3), both unarmed. Metafemur clavate, widest subapically ( Fig. 3), its ventral surface with two parallel rows of more than ten spines and small denticles getting bigger from base to apex, two to four of the spines being large, the spines in rows being situated in nearly equal distances; surface between both rows flat, smooth. Tibiae somewhat flattened laterally, slightly widening from base to apex, unarmed. Tarsomeres ordered from longest to shortest: I > III > II, tarsomere I being slightly longer than II and III combined (Fig. 3).
Male genitalia. Pygophore (Figs 5-9) black, lateral angles slightly brownish, insinuated anterolaterally, posterolateral angles distinctly produced, lobe-like, surrounding parameres laterally; infolding of ventral rim large, with a pair of depressions harbouring basal portion of parameres (Fig. 7). Paramere sockets not visible in dorsal view, covered by posterolateral angles of pygophore (Figs 6-7). Paramere (Figs 10-13) clavate in posterior (outer) and anterior (inner) view, slightly S-shaped in lateral view; posterior surface ( Fig. 13) of head of paramere flattened, pale brown, bearing sparse and stout setae arising from large punctures; rest of paramere body blackish; inner surface ( Fig. 11) produced into two ridges holding acute angle, distal ridge higher, apically rounded, proximal one lower and angulate; surface between the ridges and between proximal ridge and base of the paramere concave, rest of anterior surface convex. Phallus (Figs 14-16) with sclerotized vesica with two coils and a single pair of long endophallic reservoir outgrowths.
Differential diagnosis. Urartucoris differs from all Palaearctic Pseudophloeini in very long antennal segment II, sharp and well delimited pronotal collar, and presence of two nearly identical rows of denticles and spines on metafemora, the spines in the rows being situated in nearly equal distances. It resembles the genus Ceraleptus (especially Ceraleptus gracilicornis (Herrich-Schaeffer, 1835)) in the close position of the metacoxae but it differs from it, besides the above mentioned generic characters, in the robust antennae and the body being covered by stiff spinules (Putshkov 1979). See also the Key below. Also Dolling (1986) suggested close relationship between Urartucoris, Ceraleptus, and Microtelocerus, but without listing a single shared character.
Etymology. Originally, etymology of the name was not specified. The name consists of the name Urartu, which was an ancient Armenian kingdom (ca. 860-585 B.C.) spread out between Asia Minor, Caucasus and Mesopotamia, with center around the Van Lake (today in eastern Turkey), and the ending -coris, used for true bug. The name is masculine. Redescription. Colouration (Figs 2-5). Body dorsally dark brown, except three ochraceous stripes dorsally on head, one in midline, running from base of head towards base of clypeus, and two lateral ones, running from base of head along inner margin of eye towards base of antenniferous tubercle; elongate ivory spot on apex of scutellum; and rather irregular whitish spots posterolaterally on laterotergites. Membrane brownish, with small round pale spots; veins dark brown. Antennae and labium black. Head ventrally brown. Thorax ventrally dark brown, pleura to various extent covered with smaller to larger, irregular, sometimes confluent ochraceous spots, especially on metapleuron. Profemora, metatibiae and metatarsi blackish brown. Meso-and metafemora blackish brown with irregular ochraceous spots, especially on dorsal surface. Pro-and mesotibiae ochraceous, basally and apically infuscated with dark brown, pro-and mesotarsi dark brown. Abdomen ventrally pale with nearly continuous wide blackish stripes laterally and at mid-distance between lateral margin and midline, sternites III-VII with narrow, black, nearly continuous to interrupted stripe along midline.
Pilosity and vestiture. Body dorsum (except membrane), antennae and legs covered with long, stiff, semi-erect to erect, brown to black spinules, arising from apices of small tubercles (best visible in lateral view); tubercles largest on vertex and anterior portion of pronotum, those on posterior portion of pronotum, scutellum, and coriaceous part of hemelytra smaller. Spinules on tibiae nearly as long as half of diameter of tibia, those on femora nearly as long as the large spinules on pronotum. Body venter with double pilosity: Long, stiff, semi-erect to erect, dark spinules as those on body dorsum, but distinctly sparser, arising from smaller tubercles, short on pleura and ventral surface of head. Besides the dark spinules, body venter covered with intermingled, sparse, adpressed, whitish setae, slightly shorter than the spinules. Antennal segment IV covered with very short and fine adpressed pubescence among the sparse, long black spinulae. Besides the tubercles body covered with irregularly scattered, deep and dark punctures, largest on clavus.
Variability. The male resembles the female in most of the characters except for slightly smaller body (9.4-10.3 mm) than in females (10.5-11.2 mm), membrane reaching apex of abdomen (slightly shorter in females) and shape of last abdominal segments. We found also some differences in colouration, but this may represent rather intraspecific variability than sexual dimorphism: Peritreme yellowish, only slightly infuscated on its lateral edge (♂); peritreme black (♀). Abdominal sternites III-VII with narrow, black, nearly continuous stripe along midline (♂); sternite III medially with large blackish spot, the black longitudinal stripe in ventral midline being interrupted, ventrites IV-VI medially with only smaller black spots posteriorly (♀). The extent of ochraceous colouration on thoracic pleura is certainly variable among specimens.
The Turkish specimens fit well the original description except for a few details. The mesofemora of the Turkish specimens are unarmed, while Putshkov (1979) mentioned mesofemora with two small spines. There are also slight differences in colouration. According to Putshkov (1979), the Nakhchivan specimens differed, e.g., in antennae dark brown with antennal segment I black; anterior portion of pronotum paler than its posterior portion, darkened near lateral margins and along midline; meso-and metafemora pale, apically darkened, especially dorsally; and abdomen ventrally pale with isolated dark spots, forming two interrupted stripes in lateral midlines (halfway between connexivum and ventral midline of abdomen). The Turkish females are either slightly smaller or approximately as large as the Nakhchivan specimens.  Putshkov, 1979. 10-13 paramere (10, 12 lateral views 11 anterior view 13 posterior view). 14-16 phallus (not inflated, articulatory apparatus lost) 14 dorsal view 15 lateral view 16 ventral view). Lettering: ero endophallic reservoir outgrowths, ds ductus seminis, ve vesica. Scale bar: 0.5 mm.
Etymology. Originally, etymology of the name was not specified. Most probably, the species was dedicated to Valeriy Mikhaylovich Ermolenko , an Ukrainian expert in Hymenoptera: Symphyta and collector of the holotype.
Phenology. Adults were collected from mid April to end of July and in mid September (Putshkov 1979, this paper).

Revised key to the genera of the West Palaearctic Pseudophloeini
The following key is based on translation of Moulet (1995 Reuter (1900), Dolling (1979) and the habitus illustration by Kiritshenko (1952: 169, fig. 18). The key allows  identification of all Pseudophloeini genera occurring in the western half of the Palaearctic Region (up to Central Asia), except Yemen where two additional genera of Afrotropical origin occur -Mevanidea Reuter, 1882and Risbecocoris Izzard, 1949(Dolling 2006 Body dorsally blackish-brown with dense black punctures, ventrally pale brown with black spots. Body length 11-11.2 mm, body width (at level of last quarter of body) 4.5-4.8 mm. Head length 1.95-2.1 mm, head width including eyes 1.9 mm, between eyes 1.5 mm. Total length of antennae 5-5.5 mm, ratio of antennal segments 22-28 : 30-33 : 22-25 : 24-25. Lateral processes of antenniferous tubercles bent around antennal bases in form of annulus, in dorsal view it seems that antennae originate at bottom of a bowl. Tubercles on head big, bearing setae 2-3 times longer than height of tubercles. Antennae dark brown with antennal segment I black. Antennal segment I obovate, elongate, slightly curved towards base, apically 1.3-1.4 times wider than segment II. Segments II and III gradually widening (from 0.15 to 0.24 mm) towards apex, as wide as segment IV. Segment II 1.35 as long as segment III. Setae covering antennae nearly as long as width of segments II and III. Rostrum reaching mesocoxae. Length of pronotum 2.1 mm, width across humeral angles 3.4-3.65 mm, across pronotal collar 1.9 mm, equally wide as head across eyes. Anterior portion of pronotum bearing large setiferous tubercles, the same as on the head. Anterior portion of pronotum paler than its posterior portion, darkened near lateral margins and along midline. Tubercles on the posterior portion of the pronotal disk lower, setae shorter, punctures more dense and darker. Sculpture of scutellum and the coriaceous part of hemelytra the same as on posterior surface of pronotum, except the punctures on clavus being larger.
Metacoxae convergent, as far as 2/3 of width of tibia or 1/4 of width of coxal cavity. Spines in both rows on metafemora nearly the same, regularly shortening towards base of femur. Each row including more than ten spines, two to four being large. Mesofemora with two small spines or none. Profemora completely dark, meso-and metafemora pale, apically darkened, especially dorsally. Metatibiae darker than proand mesotibiae. Tarsi dark, length ratio of metatarsal segments 15 : 4 : 7. Legs covered with black semierect setae, setae on tibiae nearly as long as half of the tibia width, those on femora nearly as long as the large spines.
Abdomen ventrally pale with isolated dark spots, forming two interrupted stripes in lateral midlines (half the distance between connexivum and ventral midline of abdomen). Connexivum dark with pale spots.