A taxonomic study of Chinese species of the insidiosus group of Metaphycus (Hymenoptera, Encyrtidae)

Abstract In this paper, twelve insidiosus-group species of the genus Metaphycus Mercet from China are reviewed. Five species, M. corniae sp. n., M. cylindricus sp. n., M. deltoideus sp. n., M. transversus sp. n. and M. yaanensis sp. n., are described as new to science. A key to the females of these species is given to facilitate species recognition. Photomicrographs are provided to illustrate morphological characters of these species. All specimens, unless otherwise specified, are deposited in the National Zoological Museum of China, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing.


Introduction
The present work is the second part of a taxonomic study on the genus Metaphycus Mercet from China. In an earlier paper (Wang et al. 2013), we studied 11 Metaphycus species of the alberti-group, all of which have two segments in the maxillary and labial palpi. The insidiosus-group includes the species with both maxillary and labial palpi three-segmented (Compere and Annecke 1960). Species of the insidiosus-group are important biocontrol agents against soft scales, especially Coccus and Saissetia (Annecke and Mynhardt 1972, Noyes and Hayat 1994, Guerrieri and Noyes 2000. In the 1950s, M. angustifrons was introduced from China (Taiwan) to the USA (California) for the biological control of brown soft scale, Coccus hesperidum Linnaeus (Compere 1957, Dean and Bailey 1960, Kapranas et al. 2007. Regional revisional works concerning this economically important group include Annecke and Mynhardt (1972) (species of South Africa), Viggiani and Guerrieri (1988) (species of Italy), Guerrieri and Noyes (2000) (species of Europe), and Noyes (2004) (species of Costa Rica). As far as we know, only four species of the insidiosus-group are recorded from China. The current study aims to enrich the knowledge of Chinese species of the insidiosus-group in Metaphycus by providing the descriptions, distribution and host records of the species. A dichotomous key to species of this group known from China is also presented.

Material and methods
Morphological terminology and abbreviations follow those of Noyes (2004) and Wang et al. (2013). Absolute measurements were used for body length. Relative measurements were used for other dimensions and measured with a Motic SMZ-168 stereomicroscope, under 50× magnification, and the absolute measurement of each unit is 0.02 mm. The following abbreviations are used in the text: Ovipositor about 2× as long as mid tibia (Fig. 28) .....M. gerardi Sugonjaev -Ovipositor less than 1.5× as long as mid tibia (Fig. 35)  Scape more than 3.2× as long as broad (Fig. 57) Flanders and Bartlett 1964: 39-42;Trjapitzin 1975: 9;Trjapitzin 1989: 234. Female. Body length, including ovipositor, 0.6-0.8 mm. Frontovertex pale orange; immaculate with yellow from occiput to base of mandible; mouth margin medially yellow below torulus; gena yellowish white; antenna ( Fig. 1) with radicle pale brown; scape with both faces black, only base and apex white, narrowly white along the dorsal margin; pedicel dark brown in proximal one-third, otherwise white; F1-F4 dark brown, F5-F6 yellow-white; basal segment of clava dark brown, remaining segments becoming slightly paler towards apex, apex yellow-white; occiput with a brown area above foramen, otherwise yellow; neck of pronotum pale brown to dark brown, posterior margin white, lateral spots relatively small and distinct; dorsum of thorax orange; sides and posterior margin of mesoscutum and axillae inconspicuously bordered brown; setae translucent, silvery in most lights; tegula white with apex pale brown; metanotum orange; mesopleuron white; prosternum and mesosternum white; legs (Figs 4-6) pale yellow, tibiae proximally brown, mid tibiae subbasally with an indistinct brown band; fore wing ( Fig. 3) hyaline, linea calva interrupted by two to four lines of setae; venation yellow-brown; hind wing hyaline; propodeum medially orange, laterally yellow; gaster dorsally yellow to very slightly pale brown, ventrally white; gonostylus orange. Head about 4× as wide as frontovertex, head with polygonally reticulate sculpture, mesh size slightly less than size of one eye facet; frontovertex about one-fourth head width; ocelli forming an acute angle of about 30°; eye not quite reaching occipital margin, separated by a little less than diameter of a facet; frontovertex not subparallel, becoming wider anteriorly, narrowest about level with anterior margins of posterior ocelli; scrobes deep, U-shaped; antenna with scape about 1.8× as long as broad; funicle with F1-F4 smallest, F5 a little larger than F4 but transverse, F6 largest and wider than long; linear sensilla only on F5 and F6; clava 3-segmented, its apex more or less rounded but with a short, slightly oblique truncation; mandible relatively broad with three subequal, apical teeth; palpal formula 3-3 (Fig. 2), notaular lines reaching about 0.4× across mesoscutum; fore wing venation and setation as in Fig. 3; cercal plate about in the 1/3 of gaster; ovipositor ( Fig. 7) hardly exserted, about 4.8× as long as gonostylus.
Male. Scape expanded, and about 2.5× as long as wide; funicle blackish or brown; clava similar to the funicle except for dilute yellowish apically (Compere 1957).

Aphicus[sic] nitens
Head about 3× as wide as frontovertex, head with polygonally reticulate sculpture, mesh size slightly greater than size of one eye facet; frontovertex about one-third head width; ocelli forming an acute angle of about 45°; eye not quite reaching occipital margin, separated by much less than diameter of a facet; frontovertex subparallel; scrobes shallow and U-shaped; antenna with scape 4-5× as long as broad; funicle with F1-F4 smallest, F5 a little larger than F4, F6 largest and wider than long; linear sensilla only on F5 and F6; clava 3-segmented, its apex more or less rounded but with a short, slightly oblique truncation; mandible relatively broad with three subequal, apical teeth; palpal formula 3-3 ( Fig. 16), notaular lines indistinct but almost complete; fore wing venation and setation as in Fig. 17; cercal plate about in the 1/2 of gaster; ovipositor ( Fig. 21) hardly exserted, about 4× as long as gonostylus.
Male. Very similar to female except for antenna and genitalia (Guerrieri and Noyes 2000).
Distribution. China (Shanxi) (Fig. 85); Bulgaria, Croatia, Czechia, Slovakia, Finland, Hungary, Moldova, Russia, Former Yugoslavia, Ukraine (Noyes 2002 exserted, about 4× as long as gonostylus. According to Guerrieri and Noyes (2000), in nitens the legs are largely brown, but with the base and apex of femora, tibiae and tarsi pale brown, whereas in Chinese specimens, the legs are mainly yellow; only the hind femur pale brown .
Female. Body length including ovipositor about 1.4 mm. Frontovertex orange; immaculate yellow from occiput to base of mandible; mouth margin below torulus medially yellow; rest of head, except occiput, yellow; antenna ( Fig. 22) with radicle yellow; scape not expanded and inner side yellow, outer face yellow but with broad black strip along the dorsal margin; pedicel dark brown in proximal half, otherwise white; F1-F4 dark brown, F5 brown in proximal half, otherwise yellow, brown area extending slightly towards apex, F6 yellow; clava dark brown, apex brown; occiput with brown area above foramen, otherwise yellow; neck of pronotum black, posterior margin brown, otherwise yellow-white, lateral spots relatively large and distinct; dorsum of thorax orange; sides and posterior margin of mesoscutum and axillae inconspicuously pale brown; setae translucent yellow, silvery in most lights; tegula mainly pale brown; metanotum orange; mesopleuron yellow; prosternum, mesosternum yellow-white; legs (Figs 25-27) mainly very pale yellow, only tarsi slightly brown-yellow; fore wing ( Fig. 24) hyaline, linea calva almost uninterrupted; venation yellow-brown; hind wing hyaline; propodeum medially orange, laterally black; gaster dorsally orange, side and venter yellow; gonostylus dark brown.
Male. Length about 1mm. Dark brown in ocellar area, dark brown between occipital margin and posterior ocelli; scape mainly yellow-white, only dorsal margin of  Diagnosis. Scape with outer face yellow but with black strip along dorsal margin; scape 4.0-4.8× as long as broad; funicle with F1 smallest, F2-F6 becoming larger towards apex, F2-F6 with linear sensilla (Fig. 22); fore wing hyaline, with linea calva uninterrupted (Fig. 24); ovipositor strongly exserted, and about 2× as long as mid tibia (Fig. 28). Metaphycus gerardi is very close to Metaphycus eruptor (Howard, 1881) in appearance. They share similar antennal structure, fore wing shape and ovipositor dimensions. Further studies may show they are synonyms.
Female. Body length, including ovipositor, 0.8-1.2 mm. Head orange yellow; antenna (Fig. 29) with radicle brown except pale base; scape brown yellow with an elongate black strip on dorsal margin on outer surface except base; pedicel pale yellow in apical half, dark brown in basal half; F1-F3 black, F4 pale brown and becoming progressively paler to apex, F5-F6 white, clava black; neck of pronotum dark brown, posterior margin white, lateral spots relatively small but distinct; mesoscutum and scutellum orange, sometimes anterior margin of mesoscutum brown; sides and posterior margin of mesoscutum and axillae conspicuously bordered brown; setae translucent, silvery in most lights; tegula white with apex brown; metanotum orange; mesopleuron yellow; prosternum and mesosternum pale yellow; legs (Figs 32-34) mainly pale yellow except pretarsus brownish; fore wing infuscate in basal 3/5, with a darker area beneath marginal vein; venation yellow-brown; hind wing hyaline; propodeum medially orange; gaster orange, gonostylus orange.
Head about 4× as wide as frontovertex, head with polygonally reticulate sculpture, mesh size slightly less than size of one eye facet; frontovertex about one-fourth head width; ocelli forming an acute angle about 40°; eye not quite reaching occipital margin, separated by much less than diameter of a facet; frontovertex subparallel and from anterior ocellus slightly wider anteriorly; scrobes shallow and Ushaped; antenna with scape 4-5× as long as broad; funicle with F1-F3 smallest, subequal and subquadrate, F4-F6 becoming larger towards apex; linear sensilla only on F5 and F6; clava 3-segmented, its apex rounded; mandible relatively broad with three subequal, apical teeth; palpal formula 3-3 (Fig. 30), notaular lines reaching about 0.7× across mesoscutum; fore wing venation and setation as in Fig. 31; cercal plate about in the 0.6× of gaster; ovipositor (Fig. 35)  Diagnosis. Scape brown yellow, the outer surface with an elongate black strip along dorsal margin (Fig. 29); fore wing infuscate in basal 3/5, with a darker area beneath marginal vein; scape 4-5× as long as broad; ovipositor slightly exserted, 4-5× as long as gonostylus (Fig. 35). This species is similar to M. petitus in general coloration, antennal structure and ovipositor length. Metaphycus garmon can be separated from M. petitus by the coloration of the fore wing and black strip along dorsal margin (Guerrieri and Noyes 2000).  36) with radicle brown; scape with both faces black, dorsal margin black, white at extreme apex; pedicel dark brown in proximal half, white distally, dark brown area extending slightly towards apex externally and internally; F1-F4 brown, F5-F6 pale brown and becoming slightly paler towards apex; clava pale brown, extreme base brown like F6, becoming slightly paler towards apex; occiput with a black area above foramen, otherwise white; neck of pronotum black, posterior margin very pale brown, lateral spots relatively small and distinct; dorsum of thorax mainly orange; sides and posterior margin of mesoscutum and axillae conspicuously bordered brown; setae translucent brown, silvery in most lights; tegula pale yellow; metanotum brown; mesopleuron yellow-white; prosternum white; mesosternum white, sometimes pale brown; legs (Figs 39-41) mainly pale yellow; tibiae proximally dark brown; mid tibia and hind tibia with a pair of dark brown rings at about 0.2× and 0.5×; fore wing ( Fig. 38) hyaline, with linea calva interrupted by two setae; venation yellow-brown; hind wing hyaline; propodeum medially dark brown, sides pale yellow; gaster dorsally brown, side and venter white; gonostylus orange.

Metaphycus transversus
Head about 4× as wide as frontovertex, head with polygonally reticulate sculpture and mesh size slightly less than size of one eye facet; frontovertex about one-fourth head width; ocelli forming an acute angle about 60°; eye not quite reaching occipital margin, separated by much less than diameter of a facet; frontovertex subparallel and from anterior ocellus slightly wider anteriorly; scrobes shallow; antenna ( Fig. 36) with scape about 2.5× as long as broad; funicle with all funicular segments transverse, F1-F4 small, F5 and F6 a little larger, linear sensilla only on F5 and F6; clava 3-segmented, its apex rounded but with a short slightly oblique truncation; mandible relatively broad with three subequal, apical teeth; palpal formula 3-3 (Fig. 37), notaular lines reaching about 0.8× across mesoscutum; fore wing venation and setation as in Fig. 38; cercal plate about in the 1/2 of gaster; ovipositor (Fig. 42) hardly exserted, about 5.8× as long as gonostylus.
Male. Unknown. Host. Unknown. Distribution. China (Yunnan) (Fig. 84). Etymology. The new species name is derived from the fact that each funicle segment is strongly transverse .
Diagnosis. Scape black, but apex yellowish white; gena with a fairly broad, oblique brown area near mouth margin; funicle with F1-F6 transverse (Fig. 36); ovipositor (Fig. 42) hardly exserted, about 5.8× as long as gonostylus. Using the key of Guerrieri and Noyes (2000), M. transversus runs couplet 27 and is close to M. lounsburyi. Females of M. transversus can be separated from lounsburyi as follows: scape (Fig. 36) about 2.5× as long as broad (in lounsburyi, scape about 3× as long as broad); dorsal margin of scape black (in lounsburyi, dorsal margin white).  Female. Body length, including ovipositor, 0.7-0.9 mm. Frontovertex pale orange; gena yellow to brownish yellow, gena with brown stripe extending to upper mouth margin; mouth margin medially yellow below torulus; rest of head, except occiput, yellow; antenna ( Fig. 43) with radicle dark brown; scape with both faces dark brown, only apex yellowish; pedicel dark brown in proximal half, otherwise yellowish; F1-F4 dark brown, F5-F6 brownish yellow, clava dark brown, becoming slightly paler towards apex and apex very pale brown; occiput with a brown area above foramen, otherwise white; neck of pronotum dark brown to black, posterior margin white, lateral spots relatively large and distinct; dorsum of thorax orange to pale brown; sides and posterior margin of mesoscutum and axillae conspicuously bordered dark brown; setae translucent, silvery in most lights; tegula white with apex pale brown; metanotum orange to brown; mesopleuron yellowwhite; prosternum and mesosternum pale yellow; legs (Figs 46-48) mainly pale yellow, mid tibia and hind tibia with faintly brown mark; fore wing hyaline, linea calva interrupted; venation yellow-brown; hind wing hyaline; propodeum medially orange-brown, laterally yellow; dorsum of gaster pale brown and ventral yellow-white; gonostylus orange.
Head about 4× as wide as frontovertex, head with polygonally reticulate sculpture and mesh size slightly less than size of one eye facet; ocelli forming an acute angle about 50°; eye not quite reaching occipital margin, separated by much less than diameter of a facet; frontovertex subparallel and from anterior ocellus slightly wider anteriorly; scrobes shallow and U-shaped; antenna ( Fig. 43) with scape 3.2-3.7× as long as broad; funicle with F1-F4 smallest, F5 a little larger than F4, F6 largest; linear sensilla only on F5 and F6; clava 3-segmented, its apex more or less rounded but with a short, slightly oblique truncation; mandible relatively broad with three subequal, apical teeth; palpal formula 3-3 (Fig. 44), notaular lines reaching about 0.6× across mesoscutum; fore wing venation and setation as in Fig. 45; cercal plate about in the 1/2 of gaster; ovipositor (Fig. 49) (Fig. 84).
Distribution. China (Beijing, Hunan, Shandong) (Fig. 85). Etymology. The new species name is derived from the cylindricusl shape of the scape. Diagnosis. Frontovertex yellow-brown; gena brown; scape black, extreme apex slightly yellow (Fig. 50); scape cylindricusl, about 5× as long as broad; ovipositor (Fig.  52) about 3.3× as long as gonostylus. Metaphycus cylindricus is similar to M. piceus in general coloration, antennal structure and ovipositor length. Metaphycus cylindricus can be separated from the latter as follows: ovipositor about 1.4× as long as mid tibia, about 3.3× as long as gonostylus (Fig. 52) (in piceus, ovipositor about 1.2× as long as mid tibia, 4-5× as long as gonostylus); mid tibia subbasally marked dark brown (in piceus, mid tibia yellowish); antenna with pedicel with basal half brown (in piceus, pedicel with basal 2/3 brown). Paratypes. 6 ♀♀, 3 ♂♂, the same as holotype (IZCAS). Female. Body length, including ovipositor, 1.0-1.2 mm. Yellow in ocellar area, pale orange between occipital margin and posterior ocelli, otherwise pale yellow; lower half of gena with oblique brown stripe, stripe close to scrobe interrupted by a yellow line; upper half yellow; medially yellow below torulus, mouth margin dark brown; rest of head, except occiput, white; antenna (Fig. 57) with radicle dark brown; both faces of scape, dorsal margin, ventral margin with yellow, both sides with broad black strip; pedicel pale yellow (whitish) in apical half, dark brown in basal half; F1-F3 dark brown, F4 very pale brown, F5 venter sometimes with very pale brown strip, F6 white, clava dark brown, becoming slightly paler towards apex, apex very pale brown; occiput brown; neck of pronotum black, posterior margin white, lateral spots relatively large and distinct; dorsum of thorax yellow-brown; sides and posterior margin of mesoscutum and axillae conspicuously bordered dark brown; setae translucent, silvery in most lights; tegula white; metanotum dark brown; mesopleuron very pale yellow, margin of mesopleuron with conspicuously bordered dark brown; prosternum and mesosternum pale brown; legs (Figs 60-62) mainly pale yellow to pale orange; tibiae proximally brown; fore femur yellow, fore tibia with single, broad, interrupted, median dark brown ring; mid tibia and hind tibia with two interrupted conspicuous dark brown rings at 0.2× and 0.7×, extreme apex marked with dark brown; tarsi dusky pale yellow; fore wing ( Fig. 59) hyaline, linea calva interrupted; venation pale yellow-brown; hind wing hyaline; propodeum medially brown, blackish, laterally brown-yellow; gaster mainly pale brown, but slightly darker brown dorsally from cercal plates to near apex, gonostylus yellowish, 2 nd valvifer and outer plate of ovipositor with brown out margin.

Metaphycus yaanensis
Head about 3× as wide as frontovertex, head with polygonally reticulate sculpture, mesh size slightly less than size of one eye facet; frontovertex about one-third head width; ocelli forming an acute angle of about 30°; eye not quite reaching occipital margin, separated by one or two diameters of a facet; frontovertex parallel; scrobes shallow and U-shaped; antenna with scape 3.2-3.5× as long as broad; funicle with F1-F4 smallest, closely adpressed, F5 a little larger than F4 but transverse, F6 largest; linear sensilla only on F6; clava 3-segmented, its apex more or less rounded but with a short slightly oblique truncation; mandible relatively broad with three subequal, apical teeth; palpal formula 3-3 (Fig. 58), notaular lines reaching about 0.4× across mesoscutum; fore wing venation and setation as in Fig. 59; cercal plate about in the 1/2 of gaster; ovipositor (Fig. 63) slightly exserted, about 5× as long as gonostylus.
Host. Unknown. Distribution. China (Sichuan) (Fig. 85). Etymology. The new species name is derived from the origin of the holotype. Diagnosis. Scape yellow, both surfaces with an broad black mark in the middle (Fig. 57); lower half of gena with an oblique brown stripe which is interrupted by a yellow line outside of scrobe; mid and hind tibiae with two interrupted dark brown rings (Figs 61-62); scape 3.2-3.5× as long as broad (Fig. 57); ovipositor slightly exserted, about 5× as long as gonostylus (Fig. 63). Using the key of Guerrieri and Noyes (2000), this species runs to couplet 27 and is similar to M. lounsburyi (Howard). It can be separated from M. lounsburyi as follows: scape (Fig. 57) 3.2-3.5× as long as broad (in lounsburyi, scape about 2.9× as long as broad); ovipositor about 0.8× as long as mid tibia (in lounsburyi, ovipositor as long as mid tibia); clava a little longer than funicle (in lounsburyi, clava distinctly shorter than funicle). Metaphycus yaanensis sp. n. is also similar to M. transversus sp. n. in appearance, but it can be separated from transversus by characters in the key. Female. Body length, including ovipositor, about 0.9 mm. Frontovertex brownish yellow, but brown between occipital margin and posterior ocelli; gena mainly yellow, with a brown mark extending to oral rim; mouth margin medially yellow below torulus, oral rim brown; antenna ( Fig. 64) with radicle dark brown; scape with both faces blackish, and only dorsal margin, venter of base and apex white; pedicel dark brown in proximal half otherwise white; F1-F4 dark brown, F5-F6 white-yellow; clava dark brown, becoming slightly paler towards apex, apex brown; occiput with a brown area above foramen, otherwise yellow; neck of pronotum dark brown, posterior margin translucent yellow, otherwise white, lateral spots relatively large and distinct; dorsum of thorax brown-yellow; sides and posterior margin of mesoscutum and axillae conspicuously bordered dark brown; setae translucent yellow, silvery in most lights; tegula white with apex pale brown; metanotum dark brown; mesopleuron yellowish white; prosternum and mesosternum yellowish white, but with narrow pale brown margin; legs (Figs 67-69) yellowish white, but femur very slightly brown on inner side, tibiae proximally dark brown; each tibia with a pair of dark brown rings at about 0.2× and 0.5× (fore tibia with one faint ring at about 0.5×); fore wing ( Fig. 66) hyaline, but generally infuscate below marginal vein; linea calva interrupted by two lines of setae; venation yellow-brown; hind wing hyaline; propodeum medially dark brown, laterally black; gaster dorsally dark brown, side and venter white; gonostylus white.

Metaphycus deltoideus
Head about 4× as wide as frontovertex, head with moderately deep, regular, polygonally reticulate sculpture on frontovertex of mesh size about two-thirds eye facet; irregular sculpture on frontovertex of rather silky appearance; ocelli forming an acute angle of about 30°; eye not quite reaching occipital margin, separated by 1.5× diameter of a facet; frontovertex subparallel; scrobes deep and U-shaped; antenna with scape about 2.7× as long as broad; funicle with F1-F4 smallest, F4-F6 gradually becoming larger distally; linear sensilla only on F5 and F6; clava 3-segmented, its apex more or less rounded but with a short slightly oblique truncation; mandible relatively broad with three subequal, apical teeth; palpal formula 3-3, notaular lines reaching about 0.8× across mesoscutum; fore wing venation and setation as in Fig. 66; cercal plate about in the 1/2 of gaster; ovipositor (Fig. 65) clearly exserted, about 4.5× as long as gonostylus.

Etymology.
The new species name is derived from the shape of the scape. Diagnosis. Scape with both faces blackish, and only dorsal margin, venter of base and apex white; fore wing hyaline but generally infuscate below marginal vein (Fig. 66); scape triangular in shape, about 2.7× as long as broad (Fig. 64); ovipositor (Fig. 65) about 4.5× as long as gonostylus. Using the key of Guerrieri and Noyes (2000), M. deltoideus runs to couplet 29 and can be separated from insidiosus as follow: scape triangular, and strongly expanded subapically, scape with venter of base yellow (Fig. 64) (in insidiosus, scape strongly expanded in the median part, scape with venter of base blackish); head mainly yellow-brown (in insidiosus, head mainly yellow); fore wing ( Fig. 66) with a distinctly infuscate spot below marginal vein (in insidiosus, fore wing hyaline or at most slightly infuscate); occiput above foramen brown, rest yellow (in insidiosus, occiput almost entirely blackish). Female. Body length 0.8-1.0 mm. Frontovertex brown, but between occipital margin to posterior ocelli orange, gena yellowish, unmarked; occiput dark brown; antenna ( Fig. 70) with scape entirely black, only extreme base and apex white, dorsal margin white; basal half of pedicel black, apex white; F1-F4 blackish, F5-F6 yellowish; clava blackish, but extreme apex brown; pronotum white with a brown spot on each side, mesoscutum, axillae and scutellum pale orange, tegulae white with apex brown, metanotum and propodeum blackish; legs (Figs 74-76) yellowish, proximal tibiae and tarsi brownish, fore tibia and hind tibia with one dark brown ring, mid tibia with two dark brown rings; fore wing hyaline, venation yellow-brown; gaster dorsally black, ventrally white.
Female. Body length, including ovipositor, about 1.0 mm. Frontovertex yellow; gena with a brown mark extending to oral rim; mouth margin medially pale yellow below torulus; rest of head, except occiput, white; antenna ( Fig. 78) with radicle brown; scape with both faces dark brown to blackish, only base, apex white and dorsal margin with a narrow stripe; pedicel dark brown in proximal half, otherwise white; F1-F2 dark brown, F3 slightly pale brown, F4-F6 yellowish; clava dark brown, becoming slightly paler towards apex, extreme apex very pale brown; occiput with a brown area above foramen, rest yellow; neck of pronotum dark, posterior margin white, lateral spots relatively large and distinct; dorsum of thorax pale orange; sides and posterior margin of mesoscutum and axillae conspicuously bordered brown; setae translucent yellow, silvery in most lights; tegula white with apex pale brown; metanotum dark brown; mesopleuron yellow; prosternum yellow and mesosternum pale brown; legs (Figs 81-83) mainly pale yellow, tibiae proximally dark brown; mid tibia and hind tibia with a pair of dark brown rings at about 0.2× and 0.5×, fore tibia with one dark brown ring; fore wing ( Fig. 80) hyaline, with linea calva interrupted by several line setae; venation yellowbrown; hind wing hyaline; propodeum medially dark-brown, sides pale yellow; dorsum of gaster largely blackish, sides and ventral parts whitish and gonostylus yellow.  Head about 5× as wide as frontovertex, head with polygonally reticulate sculpture and mesh size as long as one eye facet; ocelli forming an acute angle of about 30°; eye not quite reaching occipital margin, separated by much less than diameter of a facet;