New Curculionoidea (Coleoptera) records for Canada

Abstract The following species of Curculionoidea are recorded from Canada for the first time, in ten cases also representing new records at the generic level: Ischnopterapion (Ischnopterapion) loti (Kirby, 1808); Stenopterapion meliloti (Kirby, 1808) (both Brentidae); Atrichonotus taeniatulus (Berg, 1881); Barinus cribricollis (LeConte, 1876); Caulophilus dubius (Horn, 1873); Cionus scrophulariae (Linnaeus, 1758); Cryptorhynchus tristis LeConte, 1876; Cylindrocopturus furnissi Buchanan, 1940; Cylindrocopturus quercus (Say, 1832); Desmoglyptus crenatus (LeConte, 1876); Pnigodes setosus LeConte, 1876; Pseudopentarthrum parvicollis (Casey, 1892); Sibariops confinis (LeConte, 1876); Sibariops confusus (Boheman, 1836); Smicronyx griseus LeConte, 1876; Smicronyx lineolatus Casey, 1892; Euwallacea validus (Eichhoff, 1875); Hylocurus rudis (LeConte, 1876); Lymantor alaskanus Wood, 1978; Phloeotribus scabricollis (Hopkins, 1916); Scolytus oregoni Blackman, 1934; Xyleborus celsus Eichhoff, 1868; Xyleborus ferrugineus (Fabricius, 1801); Xylosandrus crassiusculus (Motschulsky, 1866) (all Curculionidae). In addition the following species were recorded for the first time from these provinces and territories: Yukon – Dendroctonus simplex LeConte, 1868; Phloetribus piceae Swaine, 1911 (both Curculionidae); Northwest Territories – Loborhynchapion cyanitinctum (Fall, 1927) (Brentidae); Nunavut – Dendroctonus simplex LeConte, 1868 (Curculionidae); Alberta – Anthonomus tectus LeConte, 1876; Promecotarsus densus Casey, 1892; Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, 1902; Hylastes macer LeConte, 1868; Rhyncolus knowltoni (Thatcher, 1940); Scolytus schevyrewi Semenov Tjan-Shansky, 1902 (all Curculionidae); Saskatchewan – Phloeotribus liminaris (Harris, 1852); Rhyncolus knowltoni (Thatcher, 1940); Scolytus schevyrewi Semenov Tjan-Shansky, 1902 (all Curculionidae); Manitoba – Cosmobaris scolopacea Germar, 1819; Listronotus maculicollis (Kirby, 1837); Listronotus punctiger LeConte, 1876; Scolytus schevyrewi Semenov Tjan-Shansky, 1902; Tyloderma foveolatum (Say, 1832); (all Curculionidae); Ontario – Trichapion nigrum (Herbst, 1797); Nanophyes marmoratus marmoratus (Goeze, 1777) (both Brentidae); Asperosoma echinatum (Fall, 1917); Micracis suturalis LeConte, 1868; Orchestes alni (Linnaeus, 1758); Phloeosinus pini Swaine, 1915; Scolytus schevyrewi Semenov Tjan-Shansky, 1902; Xyleborinus attenuatus (Blandford, 1894) (all Curculionidae); Quebec – Trigonorhinus alternatus (Say, 1826); Trigonorhinus tomentosus tomentosus (Say, 1826) (both Anthribidae); Trichapion nigrum (Herbst, 1797); Trichapion porcatum (Boheman, 1839); Nanophyes marmoratus marmoratus (Goeze, 1777) (all Brentidae); Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel, 1952 (Brachyceridae); Acalles carinatus LeConte, 1876; Ampeloglypter ampelopsis (Riley, 1869); Anthonomus rufipes LeConte, 1876; Anthonomus suturalis LeConte, 1824; Ceutorhynchus hamiltoni Dietz, 1896; Curculio pardalis (Chittenden, 1908); Cyrtepistomus castaneus (Roelofs, 1873); Larinus planus (Fabricius, 1792); Mecinus janthinus (Germar, 1821); Microhyus setiger LeConte, 1876; Microplontus campestris (Gyllenhal, 1837); Orchestes alni (Linnaeus, 1758); Otiorhynchus ligustici (Linnaeus, 1758); Rhinusa neta (Germar, 1821); Trichobaris trinotata (Say, 1832); Tychius liljebladi Blatchley, 1916; Xyleborinus attenuatus (Blandford, 1894); Xyleborus affinis Eichhoff, 1868 (all Curculionidae); Sphenophorus incongruus Chittenden, 1905 (Dryophthoridae); New Brunswick – Euparius paganus Gyllenhal, 1833; Allandrus populi Pierce, 1930; Gonotropis dorsalis (Thunberg, 1796); Euxenus punctatus LeConte, 1876 (all Anthribidae); Loborhynchapion cyanitinctum (Fall, 1927) (Brentidae); Pseudanthonomus seriesetosus Dietz, 1891; Curculio sulcatulus (Casey, 1897); Lignyodes bischoffi (Blatchley, 1916); Lignyodes horridulus (Casey, 1892); Dietzella zimmermanni (Gyllenhal, 1837); Parenthis vestitus Dietz, 1896; Pelenomus squamosus LeConte, 1876; Psomus armatus Dietz, 1891; Rhyncolus macrops Buchanan, 1946; Magdalis inconspicua Horn, 1873; Magdalis salicis Horn, 1873 (all Curculionidae); Nova Scotia – Dryocoetes autographus (Ratzeburg, 1837); Ips perroti Swaine, 1915; Xyleborinus attenuatus (Blandford, 1894) (all Curculionidae); Prince Edward Island – Dryocoetes caryi Hopkins, 1915 (Curculionidae); Newfoundland – Scolytus piceae (Swaine, 1910) (Curculionidae). Published records of Dendroctonus simplex LeConte, 1868 from Northwest Territories should be reassigned to Nunavut, leaving no documented record for NWT. Collection data are provided for eight provincial and national records published without further information previously.


introduction
Routine weevil and bark beetle identifications from plant health surveys, amateur collectors, public inquiries, and museum survey specimens regularly produce new faunal records for Canada, its provinces, and territories. The most recent checklist of the Canadian fauna is McNamara (1991).
The present article presents new findings with associated collection data so that the records may be documented with verifiable voucher specimens. These records are also reflected in the updated checklist of Canadian beetles (Bousquet et al. 2013).The following list of 97 new records are organised according to the family-group classification of Bouchard et al. (2011). We record two Brentidae, and 22 Curculionidae species new to Canada, and 72 new provincial and territorial records; many of these are of beneficial or economic pest species.
All collections listed below were reviewed by one or more authors for undocumented curculionoid records except for DEBU, GLFC, and City of Saskatoon. For these three collections we included only the specimens identified as new by their staff. It is possible that additional undocumented curculionoid records remain in most of the collections listed below.
The use of term adventive used here follows that of Wheeler and Hoebeke (2009). Such adventive species are non-natives with established North American populations, intentionally or accidentally introduced by humans, effectively since the first arrival of Europeans.

Trigonorhinus tomentosus tomentosus (Say, 1826), new to Quebec
Note. This native species was only recorded in Canada from Ontario by McNamara (1991).

Gonotropis dorsalis (Thunberg, 1796), new to New Brunswick
Note. This transcontinental Canadian species has previously been placed in the genus Tropideres Schönherr.
Specimen data. New Brunswick: York County, Charters Settlement, 45. 8395°N, 66.7391°W, 20.v.2012 Note. This species was recorded "from Quebec to Florida, west to Michigan and eastern Texas" by Valentine (1999, not McNamara 1991 without specific details about its distribution within Quebec. We provide data on the occurence of this species in Quebec for the first time.

Ischnopterapion (Ischnopterapion) loti (Kirby, 1808), new to Canada
Note. This adventive species is broadly distributed in the Palaearctic Region (Alonso-Zarazaga 2011). In Canada it feeds on the introduced weed Lotus corniculatus L. (Fabaceae) which is common in eastern Canada and British Columbia (Turkington and Franko 1980). This species may be more widespread in Canada than presently documented because extensive surveys have not been conducted.

Stenopterapion meliloti (Kirby, 1808), new to Canada
Note. This adventive species is broadly distributed in the Palaearctic Region (Alonso-Zarazaga 2011). In Canada it feeds on the introduced weed Melilotus alba Desr. which is common across Canada (Turkington et al. 1978). This species may be more widespread in Canada than presently documented because extensive surveys have not been conducted.

Trichapion nigrum (Herbst, 1797), new to Ontario and Quebec
Note. This native species was newly recorded in Canada in New Brunswick by Majka et al. (2007a) and feeds on the seeds of Robinia pseudoacacia L. (Fabaceae). That the first specimen was collected over 50 years ago, that the host is widespread, and that this tribe has received little taxonomic attention, all suggest that this species may be more widespread than known.

4) Family Brachyceridae Billberg, 1820 Subfamily Erirhininae Schönherr, 1825 Tribe Stenopelmini LeConte, 1876
Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus Kuschel, 1952, new to Quebec Note. This native species was previously known from Alberta (McNamara 1991). A pest of cultivated rice (where grown); larvae feed externally on roots (Anderson 2002). It is likely that related native semiaquatic grasses are the hosts elsewhere in North America.

5) Family Curculionidae Latreille, 1802 Subfamily Curculioninae Latreille, 1802 Tribe Anthonomini Thomson, 1859
Anthonomus rufipes LeConte, 1876, new to Quebec Note. This native species was recorded from Alberta by McNamara (1991). Based on label data for specimens reported here, the species appears to be associated with Aster and Symphyotrichum spp. (Asteraceae).

Anthonomus suturalis LeConte, 1824, new to Quebec
Note. This species was recorded from British Columbia and Ontario by McNamara (1991). The species is associated with Phyloxera galls on leaves of Carya spp. (Juglandaceae) (Ahmad and Burke 1972).

Anthonomus tectus LeConte, 1876, new to Alberta
Note. This species is known in Canada only from the prairie provinces of Manitoba and Saskatchewan; we here add Alberta and document an association with Heterotheca villosa (Pursh.) Shinners (Asteraceae).

Pseudanthonomus seriesetosus Dietz, 1891, new to New Brunswick
Note. This eastern North American species is now recorded from New Brunswick. Adults have been associated with Vaccinium sp. (Ericaceae) (Clark 1987

Cionus scrophulariae (Linnaeus, 1758), new to Canada
Note. This adventive Palaearctic species, which is associated with Scrophularia and Verbascum (Scrophulariaceae), is known to be established in New York (Anderson 2002).

Tribe Curculionini Latreille, 1802
Curculio pardalis (Chittenden, 1908), new to Quebec Note. This native species was recorded in Canada from Manitoba and Ontario by Mc-Namara (1991). It is is associated with Quercus spp. (Fagaceae) throughout its range (Gibson 1969

Curculio sulcatulus (Casey, 1897), new to New Brunswick
Note. This eastern North American species is associated with Quercus spp. throughout its range (Gibson 1969

Lignyodes horridulus (Casey, 1892), new to New Brunswick
Note. This native central/eastern North American species is associated with Fraxinus (Clark 1980

Tychius liljebladi Blatchley, 1916, new to Quebec
Note. This widespread western and central native North American species is associated with Astragalus spp. (Fabaceae); larvae are in reproductive structures (Anderson 2002).
In Canada the species was known from Alberta, Manitoba and Saskatchewan (McNamara 1991); these Quebec records are a significant eastward range extension.

Sibariops confinis (LeConte, 1876), new to Canada
Note. This native eastern USA species is recorded from Canada for the first time.
Sibariops species are associated with sedges in wetlands (Anderson 2002).

Sibariops confusus (Boheman, 1836), new to Canada
Note. This widespread native eastern and central USA species is recorded from Canada for the first time. Sibariops species are associated with sedges in wetlands (Anderson 2002

Trichobaris trinotata (Say, 1832), new to Quebec
Note. This native species, the potato stalk borer, was previously known in Canada only from Ontario. This species is a pest of various Solanaceae; larvae feed in stems (Anderson 2002

Ampeloglypter ampelopsis (Riley, 1869), new to Quebec
Note. This native species was previously known in Canada only from Ontario. This species is a pest of Vitis (grape; Vitaceae); larvae make galls on stems (Anderson 2002), often breaking the vine.

Desmoglyptus crenatus (LeConte, 1876), new to Canada
Note. This rare, native species is known from the northeastern USA: District of Columbia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and Virginia, and occurs on wild grape, Vitis sp. (Vitaceae) (Blatchley and Leng 1916

Microplontus campestris (Gyllenhal, 1837), new to Quebec
Note. This adventive Palaearctic species is associated with Leucanthemum vulgare (L.) (Asteraceae) and may help control this invasive weed. This weevil was accidentally introduced into North America, and has been present in Ontario since 1971, or earlier (Anderson and Korotyaev 2004

Parenthis vestitus Dietz, 1896, new to New Brunswick
Note. This native eastern North American species was previously known in Canada only from Ontario. It is associated with wetlands.

Tribe Scleropterini Schultze, 1902
Asperosoma echinatum (Fall, 1917), new to Ontario Note. This species (Fig. 1) is associated with the native grassland forb Heuchera richardsoni R. Br. (Saxifragiaceae) (Fall 1917) and was previously known only from Manitoba (McNamara 1991). This species is at present a Canadian endemic, although it may also exist in USA. Targeted collecting efforts at other Ontario sites have not yielded additional specimens.   (Fall, 1917), a species to-date only known from Canada. Scale line = 1mm.

Psomus armatus Dietz, 1891, new to New Brunswick
Note. This native eastern North American species is recorded from the Maritime Provinces for the first time. It is associated with forest habitats, and has been recorded on sprouts of white ash, Fraxinus americanus L. (Blatchley & Leng 1916).

Cylindrocopturus furnissi Buchanan, 1940, new to Canada
Note. This native species, known in USA as the Douglas-fir twig weevil, was recorded from California, Oregon and Washington by O'Brien and Wibmer (1982). It is a minor pest of shoots of weakened Pseudotsuga spp. (Pinaceae).

Cylindrocopturus quercus (Say, 1832), new to Canada
Note. This native species was recorded from eastern USA by O'Brien and Wibmer (1982). Adults of this species breed in ragweed, Ambrosia artemesiifolia L. (Piper 1977).

Caulophilus dubius (Horn, 1873), new to Canada
Note. This native species was recorded from eastern USA north to Illinois, Michigan, New York, Ohio and Pennsylvania by O'Brien and Wibmer (1982). Adults are found beneath the dead tree bark (Blatchley and Leng 1916). Note. This adventive Palaearctic species is widespread in the eastern USA into Ontario and is known in USA as the Asiatic oak weevil; it can be extremely common locally (Anderson 2002), and acts as a minor defoliator of broadleaved trees.

Atrichonotus taeniatulus (Berg, 1881), new to Canada
Note. This adventive species, the adults of which feed on the roots and foliage of a variety of host plants (although most frequently on Fabaceae), was known previously in North America from southeastern USA west to Texas (Anderson 2002). This species can be an important pest of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L., Fabaceae).

Otiorhynchus ligustici (Linnaeus, 1758), new to Quebec
Note. This adventive Palaearctic species was known in Canada only from Ontario (Bright and Bouchard 2008). Also known as the alfalfa snout beetle this species is a major pest of alfalfa.

Magdalis inconspicua Horn, 1873, new to New Brunswick
Note. This native eastern North American species is recorded from the Maritime Provinces for the first time. It is associated with forest habitats.

Magdalis salicis Horn, 1873, new to New Brunswick
Note. This native eastern North American species is recorded from New Brunswick for the first time. It is associated with forest habitats.

Subfamily Scolytinae Latreille, 1804
The Scolytinae, or bark beetles are a distinctive and relatively well-known subfamily that includes many forest pests. Scolytinae have been a focus of adventive forest pest trapping surveys by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency, the Canadian Forest Service and others. The taxonomy and distribution of species that are not readily captured in traps, or attack smaller diameter stems remain less well-known.

Dryocoetes autographus (Ratzeburg, 1837), new to Nova Scotia
Note. This widespread native species, known from all other provinces and two territories, attacks the lower parts of dead and dying conifers. The absence of records from Nova Scotia seems to be an oversight.

Dryocoetes caryi Hopkins, 1915, new to Prince Edward Island
Note. This rarely collected native species typically inhabits small, stressed Picea spp. (Pinaceae) trees and is known from across Canada (Alberta, British Columbia, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, andQuebec) Bright 1976, Webster et al. 2012).

Lymantor alaskanus Wood, 1978, new to Canada
Note. This native species was only known from the type series, collected in 1978 near Fairbanks Alaska. The Alberta specimens mentioned here represent a significant extension of the known range to the south and east. Both the type series and all specimens reported here were captured in CFIA traps baited with ipsenol lure.

Tribe Hylastini LeConte, 1876
Hylastes macer LeConte, 1868, new to Alberta Note. This western species feeds mainly on Pinus spp. (Pinaceae), and was already known from nearby parts of British Columbia (Bright 1976).

Hylastes opacus Erichson, 1836, new data on first Canadian and Quebec records
Note. These records of this adventive, Pinus-feeding Palaearctic species (also known from New Brunswick, Webster et al. 2012) were reported by Bright and Skidmore (1997)  Note. The native eastern larch beetle is reported from all ten provinces, and Northwest Territories (Bright 1976

Tomicus piniperda (Linnaeus, 1758), new data on first Canadian record, and first Quebec record
Note. These records of this adventive Palaearctic species, the pine shoot beetle, were reported by Bright and Skidmore (1997)  Note. This native species breeds in weakened or dead small diameter stems of hardwood trees. Its apparent limitation to southern Ontario and Quebec is probably due to climate, given that it is also known from Michigan, Ohio and Pennsylvania (Wood and Bright 1992

Pseudothysanoes rigidus (LeConte, 1876), new data on first Ontario record
Note. This native species, known from USA, breeds in Tilia sp. (Malvaceae), and has been previously reported from Ontario without additional data (Bright 1976).
first-known captures of this species in Quebec. Xylosandrus germanus feeds in both broad leaved and conifer trees.

Discussion
McNamara (1991) provided a comprehensive list of Curculionoidea known from Canada and its provinces at that time. Noteworthy additions to our knowledge of the Canadian weevil fauna in the last 20 years include the works published by Bright (1993Bright ( , 1994, Bouchard et al. (2005), Bright and Skidmore (1997), Anderson (1997), Chantal (1998), Anderson (2002), Anderson and Korotyaev (2004), Rabaglia et al. (2006), Majka and Anderson (2007), Majka et al. (2007a-c), Bright and Bouchard (2008), Humble et al. (2010), Klimaszewski et al. (2010), De Clerck-Floate and Cárcamo (2011), Webster et al. (2012), Bouchard et al. (2012), Humble and Hueppelsheuser (2012) and Looney et al. (2012). Beyond these, we list 24 species new to Canada, in ten cases also representing new records at the generic level. We have also added 59 species new to 12 provinces and territories. These records include 10 pest species and six species introduced elsewhere as biological control agents. Some are new records of adventive species expanding their range, others may be northward expansions of species common in the USA, and many fill gaps within the patchy known distributions of infrequently collected native species.
The present review of collections material for new distributional records was undertaken in anticipation of the new checklist of Canadian Coleoptera (Bousquet et. al 2013). Except for the maratimes provinces, which are now receiving increased faunistic research (e.g. Majka and Anderson (2007), Majka et al. (2007a-c), Webster et al. (2012)), our understanding of most other beetle families would also benefit from such a review. It is also probable that further undocumented curculionoid first records remain to be gleaned from material at Canadian insect collections which we were unable to include in this study.
The range extension for Asperosoma echinatum from Manitoba into southern Ontario is partidularly interesting. It is very uncommon for species to be endemic to Canada but this is an example where both the genus and species are, at present, known only from Canada. Possible other host plants in the genus Heuchera (Saxifragiaceae) are widespread in North America and the weevil may be more widely distributed than currently known. Whether or not a Canadian endemic, it is a little-known and possibly at-risk species that is worth searching for.