A new species of Pseudaulacaspis MacGillivray, 1921 from China (Hemiptera, Coccoidea, Diaspididae) with a key to Chinese species

Abstract A new species of armored scale, Pseudaulacaspis zhenyuanensis Wei & Feng, sp. n. is described and illustrated from specimens collected on Spermadictyon suaveolens in China. A key to armored scale species known from China is provided.


Introduction
The Coccoidea is one of the four superfamilies of the monophyletic suborder Seternorrhyncha belongs to the Hemiptera (Gullan and Cook 2007), with at least 30 families and around 8000 species (Andersen 2010). The family Diaspididae is the largest family of the Coccoidea with more than 2400 dispidid species currently known (Ben-dov 2012). The higher classification within the family is uncertain but two of the major subfamilies are the Aspidiotinae and the Diaspidinae, and most species can be assigned to one or the other (Miller and Davidson 2005) The genus Pseudaulacaspis was established by MacGillivray (1921) for Diaspis pentagona Targioni Tozzetti, 1886 was belongs to subfamily Diaspidinae. When he described it, he referred to it 9 nominal species, which are now considered to represent only 2 species. Since then, many additional species were described and added to Pseudaulacaspis by other authors (Chen 1983;Ferris 1953Ferris , 1955Hu 1986;Takagi 1956Takagi , 1961Takagi , 1966Takagi , 1970Takagi , 1985Ta1ng 1986Ta1ng , 1988Williams and Watson 1988;Hodgson and Lagowska 2011). This genus is large with 68 species (Hodgson and Lagowska 2011) which is a widespread and polyphaous genus infesting a large number of plant (Borchsenius 1966) and occurs in most of zoogeographical regions except Antarctica.
Up until now, 32 species have been described from China.
In the present paper, a new species P. zhenyuanensis sp. n. is described and illustrated, bringing the number of recognized species in this genus to 69, of which 33 are recorded from China. And a key to species from China is included.

Materials and methods
The morphological terms for Diaspididae follow those of Henderson (2011). The illustrations of the adult female are drawn from slide-mounted specimens, which depict the dorsum on the left and venter on the right. Enlargements of important characters are shown around the edges of the main illustration. All measurements are given in micrometers (μm). Measurements were made using the measurement tools NIT-Elements D. The abbreviations L1, L2, L3 and L4 stand for median and second to fourth pygidial lobes.
All Adult female. Body shape varied, fusiform, olivary or elongate; derm membraneous except for the marginal of pygidium; mesothorax, metathorax, and abdominal segments I-III produced laterally. Cephalothorax. Antennae each with a seta. Anterior spiracles each usually with a cluster of trilocular pores, posterior spiracle each associate with or without trilocular pores. Pygidium. With 2 or 3 pairs of lobes. Median lobes (L1) well-developed, much larger than lobules of lateral lobes, zygotic basally, with a distinct pair of marginal setae between lobes. In general, L1 divide into two types: bark-type, individuals occur on bark and prominent median lobes; leaf-type, those on leaves and sunken into the pygidium. Second lobes (L2) much smaller than the L1, bilobed, divided into inner lobule and outer lobule, outer lobule usually smaller than inner, in some species much reduced. Third lobes (L3) smaller than L2, bilobed or represented by serrations along the body margin in some species. Gland spines. Gland spines developed, usually single on abdominal segments VI-VIII, becoming shorter into conical on anterior segments which called gland tubercles. Ducts. Dorsum with 2-barred ducts, forming submedial and submarginal rows on abdominal and pygidium, usually as same size as marginal macroducts. Ventral microducts scattered. Anal opening. Anal opening close to the base of or situated about the centre of the pygidium. Perivulvar pores quinquelocular, in five groups.

Pseudaulacaspis zhenyuanensis
Diagnosis. This species is similar to P. chinensis (Cockerell, 1896) in body shape and the number of pygidial lobes, but can be distinguished by the following features (those for P. chinensis in brackets): 1) dorsal macroducts absent on abdominal segment VI (present); 2) L1 prominent the pygidium (sunken into the pygidium).