New Staphylinidae (Coleoptera) records with new collection data from New Brunswick, Canada: Omaliinae, Micropeplinae, Phloeocharinae, Olisthaerinae, and Habrocerinae

Abstract Eleven species of Omaliinae are newly recorded from New Brunswick, bringing the total number of species known from the province to 32 described species. Supporting data are presented for the New Brunswick record of Geodromicus strictus (Fauvel) reported by Majka et al. (2011). Micropeplus browni Campbell, Micropeplus laticollis Mäklin (Micropeplinae), Charyhyphus picipennis (LeConte) (Phloeocharinae), Olisthaerus substriatus (Paykull) (Olisthaerinae), Habrocerus capillaricornis (Gravenhorst), Habrocerus magnus LeConte, and Habrocerus schwarzi Horn (Habrocerinae) are also newly recorded for New Brunswick. These are the first records of the latter four subfamilies from New Brunswick. Collection and bionomic data are presented for each species and discussed.


Introduction
This paper treats new records from New Brunswick of the family Staphylinidae from the subfamilies Omaliinae, Micropeplinae, Phloeocharinae, Olisthaerinae, and Ha-

Specimen preparation
Examples of males of some species were dissected to confirm their identity. The genital structures were dehydrated in absolute alcohol, mounted in Canada balsam on celluloid microslides, and pinned with the specimens from which they originated.

Results
Eleven species of Omaliinae are newly recorded from New Brunswick, bringing the total number of species known from the province to 33. Five of the 11 species are also newly recorded for the Maritime provinces (New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island). Micropeplus browni Campbell, M.  Brunswick. A list of species of Omaliinae, Micropeplinae, Phloeocharinae, Olisthaerinae, and Habrocerinae known from New Brunswick is presented in Table 1.

Species accounts
All records below are species newly recorded for New Brunswick, Canada. Species followed by ** are newly recorded from the Maritime provinces. The suprageneric classification of the Omaliinae, Micropeplinae, Phloeocharinae, Olisthaerinae, and Habrocerinae follows Bouchard et al. (2011).  Newton et al. 2000). In New Brunswick, adults were collected from under tight-fitting bark of a standing dead birch (Betula sp.) and a standing dead balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.), and from a pile of plywood disks. Adults were captured in Lindgren funnel traps at several sites. Adults were collected during May, June, July, and August.
Collection and habitat data. Acidota quadrata occurs in arctic and alpine tundra areas south into the boreal forest (Campbell 1982). Relict populations from New Hampshire and Maine occur in alpine areas. Adults have been found in leaf litter, in wet moss, and under rocks near streams, in flood debris near rivers, inside a beaver lodge, and in wet moss and clumps of dead grass in alpine tundra (Campbell 1982). The specimen from New Brunswick was sifted from moss and leaf litter, near a brook in an old-growth eastern white cedar (Thuja occidentalis L.) swamp during May.
Distribution in Canada and Alaska. AK, YT, NT, BC, AB, MB, ON, QC, NB, LB (Campbell 1982). This is a northern Holarctic species known from Alaska to Labrador, south at higher elevations to British Columbia and northern Montana, with relict populations in the mountains of Colorado, New Hampshire, and Maine (Campbell 1982). Collection and habitat data. Adults of this northern species are typically found by sifting Alnus and Salix spp. litter near margins of bogs, shallow lakes, and streams (Campbell 1984a). They are also found in Carex hummocks (collected by treading hummocks into water) and in bird nests on ground (Campbell 1984a). Most of the New Brunswick specimens were collected from a wet (emergent sedges) sedge marsh near a small lake by treading sedges and grasses near Myrica bushes into water. Two adults were found in leaf litter and moss under alders near a small brook in a Carex marsh, and one individual was found under a cobblestone on a shaded cobblestone bar in a brook. Adults were collected during May, June, and July.
Distribution in Canada and Alaska. AK, YT, NT, BC, AB, MB, ON, QC, NB, LB, NF (Campbell 1984a). This is a widely distributed Holarctic species found across Canada in the boreal forest areas, north to the southern Arctic (Campbell 1984a).
Collection and habitat data. Adults of this northern species are typically found in Alnus and Salix spp. litter by sifting and by treading vegetation on margins of bogs, shallow lakes, and streams (Campbell 1984a). The two specimens from New Brunswick were collected from a wet (emergent sedges) sedge marsh near a small lake by treading sedges and grasses into water. The adults were collected during June.
Distribution in Canada and Alaska. AK, YT, NT, BC, AB, SK, MB, ON, QC, NB, NF, LB (Campbell 1984a). This is a widely distributed Holarctic species found across Canada in the boreal forest areas north to the southern Arctic (Campbell 1984a). Collection and habitat data. In New Brunswick, G. strictus was usually found on exposed rocks and among cobblestones in the middle of clear, fast-flowing rivers or in moss on rocks adjacent to fast-flowing water near waterfalls. A few adults were collected from cobblestones in shaded brooks. Adults were collected by splashing rocks or cobblestones. This species was collected during June, July, August, and September. Collection and habitat data. Specimens have been collected from moss along a stream margin, sweeping vegetation along a stream margin, from a Berlese sample from a decayed stump, at light and from emergent Carex in an alder swamp (Campbell 1983b). In New Brunswick, adults were common among emergent Carex in an open section of a tamarack (Larix laricina (Du Roi) Koch) bog near a small, slow-flowing stream. Adults were collected by treading vegetation into water. One adult was also collected from litter (mostly Carex sp.) on muddy soil on the inland margin of a salt marsh. All adults were collected during May. (Campbell 1983b). This species occurs in the eastern third of the United States northward to Quebec and Ontario (Campbell 1983b). Collection and habitat data. This Holarctic species has been collected from moss and Carex hummocks, along lake, stream, and bog margins, from floating debris on streams, and in moist Salix and Alnus spp. litter (Campbell 1983b). Most specimens from New Brunswick were collected from moss, sphagnum, and leaf litter in and near eastern white cedar swamps and in Carex marshes. Adults were collected by sifting moss and litter or treading Carex hummocks and vegetation into water. This species was collected during April, May, June, July, and August.
Collection and habitat data. This species is rarely collected, in part because it is primarily active in the late fall and early winter (Campbell 1984b). Adults have been found crawling on snow on a warm day in November and by sifting moss and plant debris in October and November (Campbell 1984b). The New Brunswick specimens were found floating on water on the surface of frozen puddles along a forest trail after a heavy rain the previous night that had melted a 10 cm deep snow cover. Presumably the adults were washed into the puddles by the heavy rain. The adults were collected in late November.
Distribution in Canada and Alaska. BC, AB, ON, QC, NB (Campbell 1984b Collection and habitat data. This is a fungicolous species occurring in various species of mushrooms (including Russula sp.), typically those growing on rotting wood (Smetana 1996). Smetana (1996) reported that numerous specimens were captured in flight intercept traps. All records from Smetana (1996) were from September and October. In New Brunswick, adults were collected during September on Pholiota sp. at the base of a dead black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.), a dead Populus sp., and on a log. One individual was collected from a gilled mushroom on the forest floor. Adults were found in a mature mixed forest, an eastern white cedar swamp, and in an old-growth northern hardwood forest.
Distribution in Canada and Alaska. ON, QC, NB, NS (Smetana 1996). Collection and habitat data. In New Brunswick, C. nigrum was found on margins of heavily shaded brooks, usually on a gravel, sand, and clay mix. One teneral individual was collected from saturated moss on a rock in a brook. Adults were collected either by turning pebbles and gravel or more easily by lightly splashing the brook margin. Adults were collected after they moved to the tops of the pebbles, but were often difficult to see due to the low light levels of the habitat. Nothing was previously known about the biology of this species other than that adults were collected in late March through May and in September .  suggested that adults were probably most active during spring or even late winter like other members of the tribe. In New Brunswick, adults were collected from mid to late June and early July, and were common at this time.
Distribution in Canada and Alaska. QC, NB, NS (Campbell and Davies 1991; CNC specimens).

Subfamily Micropeplinae Leach, 1815
The Micropeplinae were reviewed by Campbell (1968). Campbell (1973bCampbell ( , 1978b later described three new species and provided additional distributional and habitat data for other species. Adults occur in forest duff or detritus, in or near swamps and bogs, or in more restricted habitats such as bird and mammal nests, but are rarely collected (Campbell 1968 Webster,mixed forest,u.v. light (1,RWC).
Collection and habitat data. Campbell (1968) reported that most specimens of this species were collected from beaver (Castor canadensis Kuhl) lodges, but three individuals were taken from an animal nest under a log. The specimen from New Brunswick was collected during May at an ultraviolet light near a mixed forest.
Distribution in Canada and Alaska. ON, QC, NB (Campbell 1968;Campbell and Davies 1991)  Collection and habitat data. Adults have been taken in Berlese samples of conifer (various species) duff, a red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus Erxl.) midden, and nests of Canada Jay (Perisoreus canadensis captitalis Baird) (Campbell 1968). A number of specimens were collected from Salix, Alnus, and other deciduous litter near streams (Campbell 1973b). Adults from New Brunswick were captured in Lindgren funnel traps deployed in an old-growth white spruce and balsam fir forest (boreal forest). Adults were captured during June, July, and August.

Subfamily Phloeocharinae Erichson, 1839
Two genera and species in this subfamily, the eastern Charhyphus picipennis (Le-Conte) and the western Vicelva vandykei (Hatch), were previously known from Canada (Campbell and Davies 1991;Newton et al. 2000). Majka and Klimaszewski (2004) later reported the adventive Phloeocharis subtilissma Mannerheim to the fauna of Nova Scotia and North America. Charhyphus picipennis is reported here for the first time for New Brunswick and represents the first record of this subfamily for the province.
Distribution in Canada and Alaska. ON, QC, NB, NS (Campbell and Davies 1991).

Subfamily Olisthaerinae Thomson, 1858
The two Holarctic species, Olisthaerus megacephalus (Zetterstedt) and O. substriatus (Paykull), are the only members of this subfamily recorded from Canada and North America (Campbell and Davies 1991;Newton et al. 2000). Both species live under bark of conifers (Newton et al. 2000). Collection and habitat data. Habrocerus capillaricornis has been reported from forested areas under bark, in litter, in fungi (Assing and Wunderle 1995) and from compost (Brunke et al. 2011). In New Brunswick, this adventive species was common among decaying leaves in a pile of leaves made the previous year. Other adults were observed among a pile of decaying corncobs and cornhusks nearby and from compost (Webster, unpublished data). Adults were also found under bark of spruce in a woodpile, in decaying fungi, in the wall of a beaver lodge and at a black-light trap. Adults were collected during April, May, July, and August.

Habrocerus capillaricornis (Gravenhorst
Distribution in Canada and Alaska. BC, MB, ON, QC, NB, NS, NF (Campbell and Davies 1991;Majka and Klimaszewski 2008;CNC specimens). Collection and habitat data. Assing and Wunderle (1995) reported that this species was most often collected from well-decayed fungi, but was also found in moose (Alces alces L.) and grouse (Bonasa umbellus L.) dung and leaf litter. Paquin and Dupérré (2002) captured large numbers of this species in pitfall traps deployed in the southern boreal forest of Quebec. The specimens from New Brunswick were found in decaying gilled mushrooms in a mature mixed forest and an old eastern white cedar forest. Adults were collected during August and September.

Habrocerus schwarzi
Distribution in Canada and Alaska. AB, MB, ON, QC, NB (Campbell and Davies 1991). Collection and habitat data. Brunke et al. (2011) noted that almost nothing was known about this rarely collected species but mentioned that it shared morphological features with other Staphylinidae living in subcortical habitats. Most adults of H. magnus from New Brunswick were found under somewhat loose bark of white pine (Pinus strobus L.) (large logs and a large, dead, standing tree). One individual was collected from under bark of a large red pine stump. These data suggest that this species lives under bark of large dead conifers. Adults were collected during May, June, and August.