The genus Shirozuella Sasaji (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae, Shirozuellini) from the Chinese mainland

Abstract The genus Shirozuella Sasaji, 1967 from the Chinese mainland is reviewed. Eight species are recognized, including four new species: Shirozuella motuoensis sp. n., Shirozuella tibetina sp. n., Shirozuella unciforma sp. n., and Shirozuella guoyuei sp. n. Male genitalia of Shirozuella parenthesis Yu and Shirozuella quadrimacularis are described for the first time. All species are described and illustrated. A key and distribution map to the known species from the Chinese mainland are given.


Introduction
The genus Shirozuella was established by Sasaji (1967) with Shirozuella mirabilis from Taiwan, China, as type species. It is a peculiar genus as follows: Clypeus distinctly expanded laterally, but antennal insertions not entirely hidden under the clypeus and distinctly visible in the lateral aspect, and labrum relatively long and exposed in front of the clypeus; antennae moderate in length with a distinct club; terminal maxillary palpomere very elongate, not distinctly broadening apically; underside of head capsule with deep furrows beside the mouth parts, for the reception of the retracted antennae. Based on these characteristics, Sasaji (1967) established the tribe Shirozuellini for reception of the genus Shirozuella and Promecopharus Sicard, 1910. Presently, Shirozuellini includes five genera (Miyatake 1994), Shirozuella Sasaji, Promecopharus Sicard, Medamatento Sasaji, 1989, Ghanius Ahmad, 1973, and Sasajiella Miyatake, 1994. Seago et al. (2011 listed Guillermo Ślipiński, 2007 andPoorani Ślipiński, 2007 as Shirozuellini (Coccinellinae) in a table. Although this was purported to be the original placement, Ślipiński (2007) had actually placed these genera in Coccidulini. Regardless, nothing in these recent analyses provided a justification for the inclusion of Guillermo and Poorani in Shirozuellini.
The genus Shirozuella is something of a taxonomic enigma. It is similar to Telsimiini of the Chilocorinae in having the Chilocorus-like clypeus, but the features of the antennae and maxillae, and the number of abdominal ventrites, as well as the structure of the head capsule are different than in the latter. A relatively close affinity with Sticholotidini is suggested by the very elongate maxillary palpi, the femora not strongly flattened, the relatively long antennae with a distinctly spindle shaped club, and the ventrally articulated labial palpi. Similarly, an affinity with Serangiini is supported by the possession of longitudinal furrows on the underside of the head, and by the nearly triangular median area of the prosternum. Based on this body of evidence, Sasaji (1967Sasaji ( , 1968 placed Shirozuella in the tribe Shirozuellini of the subfamily Sticholotidinae (Sasaji 1967;1968). Seago et al's (2011) molecular analysis didn't support Sasaji's result, although it also failed to place Shirozuellini in any reasonable group. Instead, it adopted a two subfamily system for the family Coccinellidae as suggested by Ślipiński (2007), Microweiseinae and Coccinellinae, and placed Shirozuellini in Coccinellinae.
At present, the genus Shirozuella includes eight species distributed in Southeast and East Asia. Yu and Pang (1992) described the male genitalia of S. mirabilis and added two new species from Taiwan, S. appendiculata and S. alishanensis. Canepari and Milanese (1997) described a new species, Ghanius schawalleri, from Nepal Himalayas which was subsequently transferred to Shirozuella by Yu (2000Yu ( [1999). Four species were added from the Chinese mainland, S. parenthesis, S. bimaculata, S. quadrimacularis, S. nibagou (Yu 2000(Yu [1999; Yu et al. 2000). The male genitalia of S. bimaculata were described by Ren et al. (2009).
Specimens of Shirozuella are rarely collected, and both sexes are known only for two of the eight previously described species. Most species were described based on only one or two specimens. In this paper, species of Shirozuella from the Chinese mainland are reviewed, and four species new to science are described, bringing the total to eight mainland species, and twelve species in all. Male genitalia of S. parenthesis and S. quadrimacularis are illustrated and described for the first time.

Materials and methods
The specimens examined were collected from China. All of them were preserved in 85% ethanol. External morphology was observed with a dissecting stereo microscope (SteREO Discovery V20, Zeiss). The following measurements were made with an ocular micrometer: total length, from apical margin of clypeus to apex of elytra (TL); total width, across both elytra at widest part (TW=EW); height, through the highest point of elytra to metaventrite (TH); head width, including eyes (HW); pronotal length, from the middle of anterior margin to the base of pronotum (PL); pronotal width at widest part (PW); elytral length, along the suture, from the apex to the base including the scutellum (EL). Male and female genitalia were dissected, cleared in a 10% solution of NaOH by boiling for several minutes, and examined with an Olympus BX51 compound microscope.
Images were photographed with digital cameras (AxioCam HRc and Coolsnap-Procf & CRI Micro*Color), connected to the dissecting microscope. The software Ax-ioVision Rel. 4.8 and Image-Pro Plus 5.1 were used to capture images from both cameras, and photos were cleaned up and laid out in plates with Adobe Photoshop CS 8.0.
Terminology follows Ślipiński (2007) and Ślipiński and Tomaszewska (2010). The specimens are deposited in: South China Agriculture University, Guangzhou (SCAU), Institute of Plant & Environmental Protection, Beijing Academy of Agricultural & Forestry Science, Beijing (BAAF) and in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing (IOZ). truncate (Fig. 5). Labial palp composed of 3 palpomeres and distal two palpomeres elongate and nearly cylindrical. Ventral surface of head capsule with distinct grooves for reception of retracted antennae.
Pronotum transverse, about twice as wide as long, strongly convex, lateral margins narrowly marginated and distinctly emarginated anteriorly. Scutellum medium-sized, triangular. Elytra elongate and weakly convex, with conspicuous swelling near humeral edge. Elytral base hardly wider than base of pronotum; elytral margins with very narrow rim, but distinctly visible from above. Hind wing well developed, with veins rather well-developed.
Male genitalia: Penis short and stout, penis capsule with indistinct outer arm and short inner one (Fig. 8); penis guide in lateral view slender, widest at base, tapering to apex, apex pointed and slightly curved (Fig. 9); parameres slender, sparsely setose on apical half, about 1.65× as long as penis guide (Fig. 9); penis guide in ventral view short and stout, subtriangular, widest at base, tapering to apex, apex pointed ( Fig. 10).
Body small, elongate oval, weakly convex, dorsum covered with relatively sparse pubescence (Figs 15-17). Head yellow to yellowish brown, with labrum and maxillary palpus brown. Pronotum yellowish brown, scutellum dark brown. Elytra blackish, with two large yellow spots placed on apical half, apex narrowly yellow. Prosternum dark brown, meso-and metaventrite black, elytral epipleura and legs brown.
Male genitalia: Penis long and slender, strongly curved at 2/5 length, distinctly swollen at middle, penis capsule small (Fig. 37); penis guide in lateral view slender, widest at base, tapering to apex, apex pointed and slightly curved (Fig. 38); parameres slender, sparsely setose on apical half, about 2× as long as penis guide, always strongly curved at apical 2/5 length (Fig. 38); penis guide in ventral view short and stout, al-most parallel at basal 2/3, then tapering to apex, apex truncated with a pair of small triangular projections on each side (Fig. 39).
Male genitalia: Penis short and stout, penis capsule indistinct, apex rounded by membrane (Fig. 42); penis guide in lateral view slender, widest at base, tapering to apex, apex pointed and slightly curved; parameres slender, sparsely setose; penis guide in ventral view short and stout, parallel at basal 6/7, then converging sharply to teatlike tip (Fig. 43) Diagnosis. This species is close to S. nibagou in general appearance, but it can be distinguished from the latter as follows: posterior margin of abdominal postcoxal line reaching to 4/5 ventrite length (Fig. 44), and elytral spots are not curved (Figs 21-22). In S. nibagou, posterior margin of abdominal postcoxal line reaching to 1/2 ventrite length (Fig. 41), and elytral spots are curved (Figs 18-19). The male genitalia are also diagnostic. This species is also similar to S. schawalleri (Canepari & Milanese, 1997) in general appearance, but it can be distinguished from the latter by elytra with a curved yellowish brown spot and elongated triangular coxities. In S. schawalleri, spots on elytra are straight and oblique and outer margins of coxities arcuate.
Body small, elongate oval, weakly convex, dorsum covered with relatively sparse pubescence . Head brown to black. Pronotum black with anterior corners clearly yellowish brown, scutellum black. Elytron brown to black, with an elongate oblique yellowish brown spot situated between 2/5 and 4/5 elytral length to apex. Pro-and mesoventrite brown, metaventrite black, elytral epipleura brown. Legs brown with coxae yellow.
Body small, elongate oval, weakly convex. Dorsum covered with relatively sparse pubescence (Figs 27-28). Head black with mouth parts brown. Pronotum black, with lateral margins and anterior corners brown. Scutellum black. Elytron blackish, with two longitudinal yellow spots, one situated at middle of elytral length, less than its width from suture, the other spot smaller, situated slightly past middle, distance to lateral margin slightly more than width of spot, elytral apex slightly yellow. Ventral surfaces uniformly black, except elytral epipleura brown. Legs brown with coxae and tarsi yellow.
Male genitalia: Penis short and stout, penis capsule small, apex rounded by membrane (Fig. 55); penis guide in lateral view stout, gradually narrowing to apex, apex pointed and curved (Fig. 56); parameres slender, sparsely setose at apex, distinctly longer than penis guide (Fig. 56); penis guide in ventral view short and stout, parallel at basal 10/11, then converging sharply to pointed apex (Fig. 57).
Female genitalia: Coxities elongate, about 3.5× as long as wide, tapering to blunt apices, styli small and distinct, with short terminal setae (Fig. 58) (Figs 30-31). Head brown, with maxillary palpus dark brown. Pronotum yellowish brown, with a large quadrate black spot. Scutellum dark brown. Elytron black, with two large curved yellowish brown strips, one C-shaped, situated around out margin of humeral callus, connected to basal margin of elytron, another one v-shaped, situated between 2/5 and 4/5 elytral length to apex; apex of elytron narrowly yellowish brown. Ventral surfaces uniformly dark brown, except elytral epipleura and legs brown.
Body small, elongate oval, weakly convex. Dorsum covered with relatively sparse pubescence (Figs 33-34). Head brown, with terminal maxillary palpomere dark brown. Pronotum and scutellum yellow. Elytron black, with two large curved yellowish stripes, one c-shaped, situated around outer margin of humeral callus, connected to lateral margin of elytron, another one v-shaped, situated between 2/5 and 4/5 elytral length to apex, connected to elytral suture; apex of elytron yellow. Underside uniformly dark brown, except elytral epipleura and legs yellow.
Male genitalia: Penis short and stout, slightly curved, without penis capsule (Fig. 65); penis guide in lateral view widest at base, gradually narrowed to apex, apex pointed and curved (Fig. 66); parameres slender, sparsely setose at apical half, longer than penis guide, apex curved (Fig. 66); penis guide in ventral view almost parallel at basal 6/7, then gradually narrowing to apex, apex truncated (Fig. 67)