Description of two new species of Clivina Latreille (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Clivinini) from southeastern United States

Abstract Two new species of the genus Clivina Latreille are described. One, Clivina choatei Bousquet & Skelley, belongs to the nominotypical subgenus and is known from six specimens collected in northern Florida. The species is structurally similar to Clivina myops Bousquet, known only from the holotype found in North Carolina, but differs among others by its smaller size and wider elytral striae. The second species, Clivina alabama Bousquet, belongs to the subgenus Antroforceps Barr and is known from two specimens collected in north-central Alabama. The species is structurally most similar to Clivina sasajii Ball, known only from Latimer County in Oklahoma, but differs among others in the absence of eyes and in having the pronotum and elytra proportionally wider.


Introduction
The genus Clivina Latreille is a moderately diverse taxon represented in all continents, except Antarctica, by about 375 species. In the Nearctic Region, the genus contains 17 species of which three are adventive on this continent. These species are arrayed in five subgenera: Paraclivina Kult, Clivina s.str., Semiclivina Kult, Antroforceps Barr, and Leucocara Bousquet (= Reichardtula Whitehead sensu auctorum in part). Ball (2001) provided an excellent description of the adult structural characters of the genus and a key to the subgenera represented in North America.
The purpose of this paper is to describe two new species belonging to the nominotypical subgenus of Clivina from northern Florida and to the subgenus Antroforceps from north-central Alabama.

Methods
The following measurements, made with an ocular micrometer in a Leica MZ16, were made on all specimens of the type series and from the holotype of C. myops and two paratypes of C. sasajii: head length (HL) -linear distance from apical edge of clypeus to posterior edge of left temple; length of pronotum (PL) -linear distance from anterior to posterior edge, measured along the midline; width of pronotum (PW) -greatest linear transverse distance; length of elytra (EL) -linear distance from parascutellar seta to apex, measured along the midline; width of elytra (EW) -greatest linear transverse distance across both elytra. The standardized body length (SBL) is the sum of the lengths of head, pronotum, and elytra, as specified above. The apparent body length (ABL) is the length measured from the apex of the mandibles to the apex of the abdomen.  Rt.129/40;4-XII-1997to 20-III-1998; P. Skelley Geomys burrow pitfall." All paratypes are also labeled "Paratype Clivina choatei Bousquet & Skelley" and are deposited in FSCA (4 specimens) and in the Canadian National Collection of Insects, Ottawa, Ontario (1 specimen).
Etymology. The specific epithet is a Latinized singular noun in apposition, genitive case, based on the surname of Paul "Skip" Choate (Department of Entomology & Nematology, University of Florida, Gainesville), who first collected this species and showed the specimens to PES. Unfortunately, his original specimens were lost.
Description. Color. Body rufous with median and posterior legs slightly paler. Microsculpture. Clypeus and frons without meshes. Pronotum without meshes except at extreme base. Elytra without meshes except along intervals 8. Visible abdominal sternites 2-5 without meshes between ambulatory setae; visible sternite 6 with band of faint isodiametric meshes between ambulatory setae; visible sternites 1-2 with coarse, more or less isodiametric meshes laterally. Head. Labrum with six or seven dorsal setae. Clypeus with anterior margin almost straight, with very small lateral dentiform projections. Frontoclypeal suture indistinct. Frons without median fovea. Anterior supraorbital seta near level of posterior edge of eye. Eye small, flat. Antennomere 2 subequal in length to antennomere 3; antennomere 2 with several setae, most located in apical half; antennomeres 6-10 subquadrate. Mentum tooth proportionally large, not acuminate, apex more or less rounded, not quite reaching apex of lobe. Thorax. Pronotum with disc convex, with few faint wrinkles, without conspicuous punctures; lateral edges subparallel between level of setigerous punctures, with single denticle in posterior third; anterior angles protruding; median longitudinal impression shallow but relatively wide; anterotransverse impression distinct except near median impression, deep. Proepisternum with punctures on anterior half. Metepisternum with punctures. Metasternum smooth except for a few punctures laterally. Elytra. Striae wide, as wide or almost so as corresponding intervals, sides of striae wavy. Intervals flat; intervals 3 and 4 with conspicuous protuberance each at extreme base; interval 3 with five setigerous punctures; intervals 6 and 7 not carinate near base. Lateral edge along humeral region smooth, without indentations. Abdomen. Visible abdominal sternite 2 without coxal lines; visible sternites with coarse, shallow but dense punctures laterally. Legs. Protarsomere 1 with minute process on lateral side. Male genitalia. Median lobe with apex spatulate; endophallus without spines. SBL = 4.45-5.05 mm.
Habitat. Although some specimens were collected in pitfall traps set in pocket gopher (Geomys) burrows, others were not. Choate's missing specimens from western Alachua County were collected while excavating pocket gopher burrows, but may not have been in the burrows. The holotype and paratypes collected in "panel BIT" were far away from any rodent burrows. "BIT" stands for "burrow intercept trap" and was one of many passive underground trap designs the second author experimented with to collect subterranean insects (see Bousquet and Skelley 2010). Underground pitfalls sampling pocket gopher burrows sometimes act like a BIT and can collect other subterranean insects. Specimens of C. choatei and C. sasajii were collected in association with pocket gophers. This loose association is felt to be opportunistic for the beetle and a sampling bias by collectors looking for other underground insects.
All specimens of C. choatei were collected in deep sandy soils of Levy and Gilchrist counties which are part of the Northern Brooksville Ridge. This is one of many isolated sand systems in the southeastern US, which are known for having many endemic plants and animals. A brief discussion of this area is given in Bousquet and Skelley (2010).
Geographical distribution. This species is currently known only from Levy and Gilchrist Counties on the Florida Panhandle.
Remarks. This species is structurally very similar to Clivina myops, which is known only from the holotype collected at Raleigh in North Carolina. The holotype of C. myops differs from specimens of C. choatei by its larger size (SBL = 6.40 mm), in having the median longitudinal impression of the pronotum deeper, the elytral striae proportionally narrower, their width being clearly less than that of the corresponding intervals, and the visible abdominal sternites 1 and 2 less punctate, with only a few, relatively small punctures. The ratios of various body proportions (Table 1) suggest that the pronotum is proportionally wider in C. choatei than in C. myops. The shape of the median lobe of the aedeagus did not differ significantly between the two species.
In Bousquet's (1997) key to the Nearctic species of the subgenus Clivina, C. choatei will key out to couplet 6. The following modification should be made to incorporate the new species: 6 Antennomere 2 at most with one seta on apical half. Etymology. The specific epithet is a Latinized singular noun in apposition, nominative case, based on the name of the Alabama, a native American tribe who lived in southeastern United States.
Habitat. The two specimens were collected under rocks on a hillside in a mixed Pine/hardwood area above a stream following heavy rains (R. Michael Brattain, personal communication 2011).
Geographical distribution. This species is currently known only from Blount County in north-central Alabama.
Remarks. This species is structurally most similar to Clivina sasajii, which is known from nine specimens collected in Latimer County, eastern Oklahoma. The two paratypes of C. sasajii studied differ from those of C. alabama in having small eyes, the pronotum clearly elongate (see Table 1) and the elytra proportionally narrower (see Table 1), the anterior angles of the pronotum less projected, the posteriolateral dentiform projections more acute, with the basal projection smaller than the apical one, the microsculpture near the posteriolateral dentiform projections more expanded, the lateral edges of the elytra indistinctly crenulate on basal fourth, the interval 4 not convex, and the interval 6 carinate only on anterior fourth. The genitalia of the two specimens of C. alabama have not been extracted to preserve their integrity.
In Ball's (2001: 144-145) key to the species of subgenus Antroforceps, C. alabama will key out to couplet 2. The following modification should be made to incorporate the new species: 2 Elytral interval 3 with eight discal setae.