New Coleoptera records from New Brunswick, Canada: Eucnemidae

Abstract We report nine species of Eucnemidae new to the province and additional records for Onichodon canadensis (Brown) and Dromaeolus harringtoni Horn. Five species, Xylophilus cylindriformis (Horn), Entomophthalmus rufiolus (LeConte), Stethon pectorosus LeConte, Onichodon orchesides Newman, and Isarthrus rufipes (Melsheimer), are newly recorded for the Maritime provinces. This brings the total number of Eucnemidae recorded from New Brunswick to 15 species. Lindgren funnel traps are an effective tool for sampling the Eucnemidae.


Introduction
The Nearctic Eucnemidae (false click beetles) was revised by Muona (2000), and this treatment is indispensible for identifying members of this family from Canada. Eucnemidae larvae develop in wood infected by fungi that cause white rot, but details of the biology of most species are unknown (Muona 2000). The Eucnemidae appear to be good indicators of diverse forest structure, and the decline in populations of species in this family may be associated with forest management practices that promote a loss of deadwood and coarse woody debris (Muona 2000). Majka (2007), in a review of the Eucnemidae of the Maritime provinces (New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island) of Canada, discussed the apparent rarity of members of this family in the context of the forest practices in the region and the role these practices may have on population numbers. Majka (2007) reported six species of Eucnemidae from New Brunswick. Onichodon canadensis (Brown) was reported as new. Intensive collecting of Coleoptera in New Brunswick by the first author and records obtained from by-catch samples during a study to develop a general attractant for the detection of invasive species of Cerambycidae have yielded additional provincial records. The goals of this contribution are to publish these new records and to report the apparent utility of Lindgren funnel traps (Lindgren 1983) for collecting Eucnemidae specimens. We also report additional provincial specimen records for two species hitherto represented in New Brunswick by only one specimen, and collection methods for all the Eucnemidae currently known from the province.

Methods and conventions
The following records are based on specimens collected as part of a general survey by the first author to document the Coleoptera fauna of New Brunswick. Additional provincial records were obtained from specimens contained in the collection at the Atlantic Forestry Centre, Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service, Fredericton, New Brunswick.

Collection methods
Various collection methods were employed to collect the Eucnemidae reported in this study. Details are outlined in Webster et al. (2009, Appendix). Many specimens were collected as by-catch in Lindgren 12-funnel traps (ConTech Inc., Delta, BC) baited with various attractants as part of a study to develop a general attractant for the detection of invasive species of Cerambycidae. These traps mimic tree trunks and are often effective for sampling species of Coleoptera that live in microhabitats associated with standing trees (Lindgren 1983). Details on the methods used for deployment of these traps are outlined in Webster et al. (in press). A description of the habitat was recorded for all specimens collected during this survey. Locality and habitat data are presented exactly as on labels for each record. This information, as well as additional collecting notes, are summarized in the collection and habitat data section for each species.

Distribution
Distribution maps, created using ArcMap and ArcGIS, are presented for each species in New Brunswick. Every species is cited with current distribution in Canada and Alaska, using abbreviations for the state, provinces, and territories. New records for New Brunswick are indicated in bold under Distribution in Canada and Alaska. The following abbreviations are used in the text:

Species Accounts
All records below are species newly recorded for New Brunswick, Canada, unless noted otherwise (additional records). Species followed by ** are newly recorded from the Maritime provinces of Canada. The classification of the Eucnemidae follows Muona (1993).  Muona (2000) reported adults from a window trap and Malaise trap, otherwise little is known about the biology of this species. Levesque and Levesque (1993) collected a specimen in Québec at the boundary between a raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) plantation and a white pine (Pinus strobus L.) woodland. Adults from New Brunswick were captured in Lindgren funnel traps deployed in a mature hardwood forest with American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.), sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh), and ash (Fraxinus sp.). Adults were captured during June and July.
Distribution in Canada and Alaska. BC, ON, QC, NB (Bousquet 1991;Muona 2000). Muona (2000) reported this species from California east to Wisconsin and New Hampshire in the United States.

Tribe Epiphanini Muona, 1993
Hylis terminalis (LeConte, 1866) http://species-id.net/wiki/Hylis_terminalis Collection and habitat data. Hylis terminalis has been reared from Carya (Horn 1886) and a moist, decayed American beech log (Knull 1946). This species was found in various forest types in New Brunswick. These included a mature hardwood forest with beech, sugar maple, and ash, an old red oak (Quercus rubra L.) forest, an old silver maple (Acer saccharinum L.) forest with green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh), a red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) forest with red maple (Acer rubrum L.) and balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.), an old-growth eastern white cedar (Thuja occidentalis L.) forest, and an old red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) forest. Most adults were captured in Lindgren funnel traps. One individual was collected by beating foliage in a regenerating mixed forest, and another was caught in a window trap. Adults were captured during July and August.
Distribution in Canada and Alaska. MB, ON, QC, NB, PE, NS (Bousquet 1991;Muona 2000;Majka 2007). Records from western Canada (BC, AB, SK) reported in Bousquet (1991) are in error according to Muona (2000). Collection and habitat data. Microhagus subsinuatus was reared from a moist, decayed Fagus grandifolia log (Knull 1946) and swept from milkweed (Blatchley 1910). This species was found in various forest types in New Brunswick. These included a mature hardwood forest with American beech, sugar maple, and ash, an old silver maple forest with green ash, a red spruce forest with red maple and balsam fir, an old-growth northern hardwood forest, an old-growth white spruce and balsam fir forest, and an old-growth eastern white cedar forest. Most adults were captured in Lindgren funnel traps. One individual was swept from foliage in a mature hardwood forest. Adults were collected during June, July, and August.

Microrhagus subsinuatus
Distribution in Canada and Alaska. MB, ON, QC, NB, PE, NS (Bousquet 1991;Muona 2000;Majka 2007 Collection and habitat data. Adults of Microrhagus triangularis were reported from Cornus logs, otherwise little is known about the biology and habitat requirements of this species (Muona 2000). Levesque and Levesque (1993) collected two specimens in Québec at the boundary between a raspberry plantation and a white pine woodland. In New Brunswick, adults of this common species were found in a mature hardwood forest with beech, sugar maple, and ash, an old red oak forest, an old-growth eastern white cedar forest, and an old red pine forest. Most adults were captured in Lindgren funnel traps. One individual was collected by beating foliage in a regenerating mixed forest. Adults were collected during July and August.
Distribution in Canada and Alaska. ON, QC, NB, NS (Bousquet 1991;Majka 2007 Collection and habitat data. Entomophthalmus rufiolus has been collected from hickory (Carya sp.), at black-light traps, window traps, and a Coleman lantern light trap (Muona 2000). In New Brunswick, this species was collected in Lindgren funnel traps in an old red oak forest with scattered white pine, in an old silver maple swamp, and in a red spruce forest with red maple and balsam fir. Adults were captured during July and August.
Distribution in Canada and Alaska. ON, QC, NB (Bousquet 1991 (Muona 2000). The adult from New Brunswick was captured between late July and early August in a Lindgren funnel trap deployed in an old silver maple forest.
Distribution in Canada and Alaska. ON, QC, NB (Bousquet 1991 Collection and habitat data. Onichodon canadensis has been reared from decayed yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britt.), collected at black lights, and found on red spruce and Fagus sp. (Muona 2000). This species was found in various forest types in New Brunswick. These included a mature hardwood forest with beech, an old red oak and maple forest, an old red oak forest, an old silver maple swamp, an old mixed forest with red and white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss), red and white pine, balsam fir, eastern white cedar, red maple, and Populus sp., a red spruce forest with red maple and balsam fir, and an old-growth eastern white cedar forest. Most adults were captured in Lindgren funnel traps. One individual was collected at black-light trap, another in a window trap. Adults were captured during July and August.
Distribution in Canada and Alaska. ON, QC, NB, PE, NS (Bousquet 1991;Majka 2007). Bousquet (1991) reported this species for New Brunswick, but no supporting voucher specimen was found in the CNC or other collections examined by Majka (2007). However, a specimen in the NBM collected by W. McIntosh in Saint John on 6 August 1900 was located, establishing this species as a member of the New Brunswick fauna (Majka 2007). The above records provide the first recent records of this species from the province. Collection and habitat data. Onichodon orchesides has been collected in a light trap and from sugar maple, and remains of adults have been found in a rotten poplar log, otherwise little is known about its biology (Muona 2000). In New Brunswick, adults of this species were collected in a mature hardwood forest with American beech, an old red oak forest, an old silver maple forest, and an old red pine forest. All adults were captured in Lindgren funnel traps during July and August.

Onichodon orchesides
Distribution in Canada and Alaska. ON, QC, NB (Bousquet 1991 Collection and habitat data. This uncommon species has been reared from decayed American beech logs (Knull 1947) and rotten Abies sp., and collected in a malaise trap (Muona 2000). The two individuals from New Brunswick were caught in Lindgren funnel traps deployed in an old silver maple forest/swamp. Adults were captured during July.
Distribution in Canada and Alaska. ON, NB (Muona 2000).  (Dury 1888), otherwise little is known about the biology of this rare species (Muona 2000). In New Brunswick, this species (28 individuals) was captured in an old red oak forest, a red spruce forest with red maple and balsam fir, an old red pine forest, and an old mixed forest with red and white spruce, red and white pine (Pinus strobus L.), balsam fir, eastern white cedar, red maple, and Populus sp. All adults were captured in Lindgren funnel traps during July and August.

Dromaeolus harringtoni
Distribution in Canada and Alaska. MB, ON, QC, NB (Bousquet 1991). The first record of this species from New Brunswick was based on a specimen collected in the Kouchibouguac National Park (Kent Co.) by S.J. Miller (in CNC).
Collection and habitat data. Nematodes penetrans was reared from American beech (Knull 1947) and from dead standing Acer, Fagus, and Ulmus spp. (Dury 1904). In New Brunswick, this species was captured during July and August in Lindgren funnel traps in an old silver maple forest with green ash and an old red oak forest. All but one individual were captured in traps deployed in the forest canopy.
Distribution in Canada and Alaska. ON, QC, NB, NS (Bousquet 1991;Majka 2007). Majka (2007) noted that several species of Eucnemidae have been infrequently collected in the Maritime provinces. Microrhagus triangularis, Dromaeolus harringtoni, and Nematodes penetrans, for example, were known from less than five specimens in the region. During our study, N. penetrans (28 specimens), M. triangularis (six specimens), and D. harringtoni (28 specimens) were captured in sizeable numbers in Lindgren funnel traps in New Brunswick (Table 1). Muona (2000) noted that D. harringtoni appears to have declined in recent years in the United States, as there were no records after 1972. Otto (2010Otto ( ) collected it recently (2005 in several sites in Wisconsin employing flight-intercept traps and noted that "its decline may be related to the conversions of forest lands for agriculture and industrial uses, particularly in the late 19 th and early 20 th centuries." In New Brunswick, this species was collected in Lindgren funnel traps at four of the six sites sampled using these traps, suggesting that this species is not uncommon here. Nine other eucnemid species were also captured in numbers of five or more individuals over the past 4 years in these traps. Indeed, six of the nine eucnemid species newly recorded for New Brunswick in this study were collected solely in Lindgren traps, and nearly 90% of all individuals of this family and all 15 species known from the province were captured in Lindgren funnel traps between 2008 and 2011, indicating that Lindgren funnel traps are effective for sampling members of this family.