New Coleoptera records from New Brunswick, Canada: Trogossitidae, Cleridae, and Melyridae, with an addition to the fauna of Nova Scotia

Abstract Grynocharis quadrilineata (Melsheimer) and Tenebroides corticalis (Melsheimer) of the family Trogossitidae are newly recorded for New Brunswick, Canada. Additional records of the recently reported Calitys scabra (Thunberg)and Ostoma fraterna (Randall) are presented for the province. The record of Ostoma fraterna is the first recent record of this species from New Brunswick. Additional New Brunswick records of the thaneroclerine, Zenodosus sanguineus (Say), are given, indicting that this species is common and widespread in the province. One species of Cleridae, Cymatodera bicolor (Say),is newly reported from New Brunswick, and the adventive Thanasimus formicarius Linnaeus is newly recorded from Nova Scotia and the Maritime provinces. Attalus morulus (LeConte) and Dolichosoma foveicolle (Kirby), family Melyridae, are reported for the first time for New Brunswick and the Maritime provinces. Collection, habitat data, and distribution maps are presented for these species.


Introduction
This paper treats new Coleoptera records from New Brunswick, Canada in the families Cleridae, Melyridae, and Trogossitidae. The fauna of these families from New Brunswick and the Maritime provinces (New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island) was recently treated by Majka (2005) (Melyridae), Majka (2006) (Cleridae), and Majka (2011) (Trogossitidae). Intensive collecting in New Brunswick by the first author since 2003 and records more recently obtained from by-catch samples during a study to develop improved lures for the detection of invasive species of Cerambycidae have yielded additional new provincial records in the above families. The purpose of this paper is to report on these new records. In addition, we report a new Nova Scotia and Maritime provinces record for an exotic clerid species. A brief synopsis of each family is included in the results below.

Methods and conventions
The following records are based on specimens collected during a general survey by the first author to document the Coleoptera fauna of New Brunswick and from by-catch samples obtained during a study to develop a general attractant for Cerambycidae. Additional provincial records were obtained from specimens contained in the collection belonging to Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service -Atlantic Forestry Centre, Fredericton, New Brunswick.

Collection methods
Most specimens reported in this paper were collected from Lindgren 12-funnel trap samples during a study to develop a general attractant for the detection of invasive species of Cerambycidae. These traps may visually mimic tree trunks and are often effective for sampling species of Coleoptera that live in microhabitats associated with standing trees (Lindgren 1983). See Webster et al. (in press) for details of the methods used to deploy Lindgren funnel traps and for sample collection. A description of the habitat was recorded for all specimens collected during this survey. Locality and habitat data are presented exactly as on labels for each record. This information, as well as additional collecting notes, is summarized and discussed in collection and habitat data section for each species.

Distribution
Distribution maps, created using ArcMap and ArcGIS, are presented for each species in New Brunswick, and known distribution in Canada and Alaska is listed for each.
Family Trogossitidae Latreille, 1802 Leschen (2002) presented an overview of the North American representatives of the family Trogossitidae (the bark-gnawing beetles). Most species of Trogossitinae are predators and occur under bark or in galleries of wood-boring beetles. A few are minor stored-product pests (Leschen 2002). Larval and adult Peltinae species, such as Calitys and Thymalus marginicollis Chevrolat, feed on various fruiting bodies of Polyporaceae (Barron 1996). Bousquet (1991) reported two species of Trogossitidae as occurring in New Brunswick: Ostoma septentrionalis (Randall) (as O. columbiana Casey, see Barron 1996) and the adventive Tenebroides mauritanicus (Linnaeus). In a review of the Trogossitidae of Atlantic Canada, Majka (2011) added Ostoma fraterna (Randall), T. marginicollis, and Calitys scabra (Thunberg) to the faunal list of the province. Here, we report two additional species from the province and additional locality data for O. fraterna, T. marginicollis, and C. scabra (Table 1). Collection and habitat data. In New Brunswick, G. quadrilineata was found in mature and old hardwood forests with sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) and American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.), an old-growth northern hardwood forest with sugar maple and yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britt.), an old red oak (Quercus rubra L.) forest, a mature (110-year-old) red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) forest, and an old (180-yearold) red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) forest. Adults were captured in Lindgren funnel traps in most of these forest types. Specimens with microhabitat data were collected from Pleurotus mushrooms on a dead, standing poplar (Populus sp.), from under bark of a dead, standing American beech, from under bark of a standing, dead sugar maple, and from under bark of a red oak. This species has been reported from under bark of a dead poplar (Barron 1971). Adults were collected during April, May, June, and July in New Brunswick.
Distribution in Canada and Alaska. MB, ON, QC, NB, NS (Bousquet 1991;Majka 2011). This species was first reported from Nova Scotia and the Maritime provinces by Majka (2011) based on one specimen and was considered regionally rare. This species appears to be widespread in New Brunswick and was commonly detected using Lindgren funnel traps. Collection and habitat data. The specimen with habitat data from New Brunswick was collected from a Lindgren funnel trap deployed in an old-growth northern hardwood forest with sugar maple and yellow birch. Specimens were collected during May and June. Ostoma fraterna has been found under bark of spruce (Picea sp.) and in various Polyporaceae species (Piptoporus betulinus (Fr.) Kar., Spongiporus leucospongia (Cke. and Hark.) Murr., and Tyromyces fragilis (Fr.) Donk) (Barron 1971(Barron , 1996. Distribution in Canada and Alaska. AK, YK, NT, BC, AB, SK, ON, QC, NB, NS, NF (Bousquet 1991;Majka 2011). This uncommon species was first reported for New Brunswick by Majka (2011)  Collection and habitat data. Thymalus marginicollis was collected in Lindgren funnel traps in hardwood forests with sugar maple and American beech, an old-growth northern hardwood forest with sugar maple and yellow birch, an old red oak forest, mixed forests, a mature red spruce forest, and an old red pine forest. Adults were also collected from a large, dried polypore fungus on a dead, standing basswood (Tilia americana L.), in a slightly dried Pleurotus mushroom on a dead, standing sugar maple, and from a polypore fungi on a dead, standing American beech tree. Barron (1971) reported this species from various polypore species and Majka (2011)  Collection and habitat data. Calitys scabra was captured in Lindgren funnel traps deployed in an old red oak forest, a mature red spruce stand, an old-growth red pine forest, and an old mixed forest. This species was reported from under bark of dead pine and from Fomitopsis pinicola (Fr.) Kar. (Barron 1971). Adults were collected during May, June, and July. Collection and habitat data. Tenebroides corticalis was captured in Lindgren funnel traps deployed in both deciduous and coniferous forests in New Brunswick. These included a mature hardwood forest with sugar maple, American beech, and white ash (Fraxinus americana L.), an old red oak forest, a mixed forest, and a mature red spruce forest. Adults were also collected from moss and lichens on a tree trunk, in litter and sphagnum at the base of a tree in a Carex marsh, and in flood debris on the upper margin of a river. Barron (1971) reported this species from under bark of various hardwood species, spruce, and pine. Adults were collected during April, May, June, and July in New Brunswick.
Distribution in Canada and Alaska. AK, YK, NT, BC, SK, MB, ON, QC, NB, NS (Bousquet 1991;Majka 2011). Majka (2011) newly recorded this species from the Maritime provinces on the basis of two records from Nova Scotia.

Family Cleridae Latreille, 1802
The Cleridae (the checkered beetles) prey on other insects as larvae and adults (Opitz 2002). Some species of Enoclerus and Thanasimus are important control agents of bark beetles and other wood-boring species. Clerids occur under bark, in tunnels of wood and cone borers, on logs and branches, on foliage, and on flowers (Opitz 2002). The Cleridae of the Maritime provinces was reviewed by Majka (2006). Fourteen species were reported for New Brunswick, including Trichodes nutalli (Kirby) and Necrobia violocea (Linnaeus), which were newly recorded for the province (Majka 2006). Here, Cymatodera bicolor (Say) is newly recorded from New Brunswick and Thanasimus formicarius Linnaeus is newly reported from Nova Scotia (Table 1).

Subfamily Thaneroclerinae Chapin, 1924
Kolibáč (1992) separated the Thaneroclerinae from the Cleridae, but this was not followed by Opitz (2002). Later, Optiz (2010) proved conclusively that the Thaneroclerinae is part of the Cleridae. Zenodosus sanguineus (Say) is the only member of this subfamily in Canada (McNamara 1991) and the Maritime provinces (Majka 2006  Collection and habitat data. In New Brunswick, this species was captured in Lindgren funnel traps deployed in various deciduous and coniferous forest types. These included a mature hardwood forest, an old red oak forest, an old silver maple (Acer saccharinum L.) forest, an old-growth northern hardwood forest, a mature mixed forest, an old red pine forest, a mature red spruce forest, an old-growth eastern white cedar forest, and an old-growth white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) and balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) forest. Adults with micro-habitat data were collected from decaying fleshy polypore fungi and a partially dried polypore fungus on dead, standing trees, in a decayed log covered with gilled mushrooms and polypore fungi, on a slightly dried Pleurotus sp. on a sugar maple, in a polypore fungi on a Populus log, under bark of a dead, standing American beech tree, and under bark of a spruce and a red oak log. Adults were collected during April, May, June, August, and September.
Distribution in Canada and Alaska. ON, QC, NB, NS, PE (McNamara 1991;Majka 2006). Majka (2006) reported this species for the first time from New Brunswick on the basis of one specimen from Fredericton (York Co.) collected in 1987. This species is common and widespread in the province based on these collections.

Subfamily Tillinae Fischer von Waldheim, 1813
Cymatodera bicolor (Say, 1825) http://species-id.net/wiki/Cymatodera_bicolor Map 7 Material examined. New Brunswick, Carleton Co., Meduxnekeag Valley Nature Preserve, 46.1957°N, 67.6803°W, 10.VI.2005. Queens Co., Cranberry Lake P.N. A, 46.1125°N, 65.6075°W, 29.VI-7.VII.2011 Collection and habitat data. One specimen from New Brunswick was captured in an ultraviolet light trap in a mixed forest area. Others were captured in Lindgren funnel traps deployed in the canopy of red oaks in an old red oak forest and in the canopy of a silver maple in a silver maple forest. Adults were captured during June, July, and August.
Distribution in Canada and Alaska. ON, QC, NB, NS (McNamara 1991). Only one previous specimen of this species was known from the Maritime provinces (Kings Co., Kentville, specimen in CNC) (Majka 2006). Majka (2006) considered this specimen was either from an isolated population in Annapolis Valley of Nova Scotia or a wind-blown stray. Collection and habitat data. In Europe, T. formicarius is a well-known predator of bark beetles (Weslien and Regnander 1992). Two adults from Nova Scotia were captured in Lindgren funnel traps baited with tree blend lure (spruce volatiles) and EtOH deployed in a red spruce stand. Adults were collected during July and August.

Subfamily Clerinae Latreille, 1802
Distribution in Canada and Alaska. QC, NS. This old-world species was introduced into North America to control the bark beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann in 1892 and in the late 1900s (Opitz 2002). It is not known if this species is established in Nova Scotia or if these specimens represents an interception of individuals that may have emerged from softwood packing material used as dunnage in shipping containers arriving in the port of Halifax from Europe. No additional specimens have been collected at or near this site despite extensive trapping from 2001-2011 in the Halifax-Dartmouth area with similarly baited funnel traps or black-panel intercept traps (Alpha Scents, Portland, OR). There is also a specimen in the Ouellet-Robert Collection (Université de Montréal) from Berthierville, Quebec, collected by A. Robert in the 1940s during his studies on Dutch elm disease (Serge Laplante, personal communication). There have been no additional specimens reported from Quebec.

Family Melyridae Leach, 1815
Mayor (2002) presented an overview of the Melyridae (the soft-winged flower beetles) of North America. Adult Melyridae feed on both plant and animal matter, such as small arthropods, and especially on pollen and nectar. Larvae are predators and scavengers, and feed on detritus, fungi, and small arthropods, including their larvae and eggs (Mayor 2002). In Canada, most species occur only in the West and only the introduced Malachius aeneus (Linnaeus) was recorded from Maritime provinces and New Brunswick (Bright 1991). Majka (2005) reviewed the Melyridae of the Maritime provinces and newly reported Collops vittatus (Say) and Nodopus flavilabris (Say) (as Anthocomus flavilabris (Say)) from New Brunswick. Here, we report Attalus morulus (LeConte) and Dolichosoma foveicolle (Kirby) for the first time for New Brunswick and the Maritime provinces (Table 1).

Subfamily Malachiinae Fleming, 1821
Attalus morulus (LeConte, 1852)** http://species-id.net/wiki/Attalus_morulus Collection and habitat data. Attalus morulus were captured in Lindgren funnel traps deployed in an old-growth red pine forest. One individual was collected from foliage of jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) in a jack pine forest. Adults were captured during July and August.
Distribution in Canada and Alaska. BC, QC, NB (Bright 1991). Attalus morulus was previously reported from Connecticut and New York, in northeastern USA (Downie and Arnett 1996).

Subfamily Dasytinae Laporte, 1840
Dolichosoma foveicolle (Kirby, 1837)** http://species-id.net/wikiDolichosoma_foveicolle Map 10 Material examined. New Brunswick, Albert Co., Shepody N.W.A., Mary's Point Section, 45.7320°N, 64.6765°W, 16.VI.2004, R. P. Webster, margin of salt marsh near for-the manuscript. Nichole Brawn, Katie Burgess, Marie-Andrée Giguère, Nancy Harn, Cory Hughes, Rob Johns, Marsell Laity, Colin MacKay, Wayne MacKay, Jessica Price, Michelle Roy, D. Sabine, and Vincent Webster are thanked for technical assistance and collecting specimens; Natural Resources Canada -Canadian Forest Service, the Canadian Food Inspection Agency, and the USDA APHIS for funding the study on early detection of invasive cerambycids, which provided many specimens collected in Lindgren funnel traps; the Canadian Wildlife Service for funding insect surveys at the Shepody National Wildlife Areas; the New Brunswick Environmental Trust Fund and New Brunswick Wildlife Trust Fund for funding various insect surveys over the past 7 years; and the Meduxnekeag River Association for permission to sample beetles at the Meduxnekeag Valley Nature Preserve (which includes the Bell Forest). The New Brunswick Department of Natural Resources (Fish and Wildlife Branch) is thanked for issuing permits for sampling in the Protected Natural Areas and for providing logistical support. Survey work in the Jacquet River Gorge Protected Natural Area was organized through the New Brunswick Museum, with external funding from the New Brunswick Environmental Trust Fund, Salamander Foundation, and the New Brunswick Wildlife Trust Fund.