Notes on Pauropoda (Myriapoda) from USA, with descriptions of two new species

Abstract Two new species of Pauropoda are described from USA, Kionopauropus alyeskaensis sp. n. (Pauropodidae), and Eurypauropus arcuatus sp. n. (Eurypauropodidae). The genus Kionopauropus is reported from the Western Hemisphere for the first time.


Introduction
The collection of Pauropoda lodged in the Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, has been studied. The specimens are preserved in alcohol, most specimens are old, opaque and/or covered by small particles and not possible to recognize. The species which could be identified are treated below.
Abbreviations: ad., subad., and juv. = an adult, a subadult or juvenile specimen with the number of pairs of legs indicated.
Measurements: length of body in mm, otherwise the text refers to relative lengths (reference value in text); range of variation in adult paratypes given in brackets. Quotations from labels are given in inverted commas.

Family Pauropodidae Genus Pauropus Lubbock, 1867
In 1896 O.F. Cook described Pauropus bollmani from specimens in the National Museum collected by C.H. Bollman. The description is meager and this species has long been considered as species incertae sedis. Cook's material seems to be five specimens now in a vial with four labels "Pauropus bollmani Cook Bloomington, Indiana Bollman, no. 112", "Type", "Type 3213" and "USNM 2053511". The specimens are brown and opaque and more or less defect (antennae, many legs, most bothriotricha lost, body two-parted or crushed). None of the specimens (three adults, two females and one male, and two ones stad.?) could be identified. Pauropus bollmani Cook has still to be on the list of species incertae sedis.

Genus Kionopauropus Scheller, 2009
The genus was erected for three species from Indonesia and the Philippines (Scheller 2009). At least two more species have to be included here, Kionopauropus (ex Decapauropus) facetus (Remy, 1956) comb. n. from Madagascar and Kionopauropus (ex Decapauropus) lituiger (Remy, 1957) comb. n. from West Australia, both with the anterodistal corner of the sternal antennal branch more truncated than the posterodistal corner, the antennal globulus g with long stalk and the pygidial sternum with the setae combination b 1 +b 2 . With the species described below the genus has six species distributed from Madagascar and Australia in the South to Alaska in the North. It probably occurs also in Japan (Y. Hagino, Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba Museum, Japan, pers. com.).
Etymology. Latinised from the old Aleut word 'alyeska', meaning mainland (referring to the collecting site on the Alaskan mainland).
Diagnosis. Kionopauropus alyeskaensis n. sp. seems to be in a group of its own because it has long and slender antennal branches and 4-parted anal plate, characters not found in species described up to now.
Anal plate 4-branched by three deep posterior V-shaped incisions, median one deepest and broadest, lateral branches cylindrical, submedian branches triangular, cut squarely distally; each branch with cylindrical appendages projecting backward, those of inner branches about 0.5 of the length of those on lateral branches, appendages curved inward; plate and appendages glabrous. Etymology. From the Latin 'arcuatus' = bend like a bow (referring to the curved antennal globulus g).
Diagnosis. Eurypauropus arcuatus is close to the two species earlier known from North America, E. spinosus Ryder, 1879, andE. washingtonensis Scheller, 1985, the former wide-spread in USA, the latter known from National Olympic Park in Washington only. The new species is distinguished from both these species by the shape of the antennal globuli, g, curved in E. arcuatus, not straight, globulus g' of 3rd antennal segment, as long as wide, not at least twice longer than wide, by the shape of the sternal antennal branch s, anterior and posterior margins subsimilar in length, not the posterodistal margin distinctly shorter than the anterodistal one, by the shape of the setae st of the pygidial tergum, simply curved inwards, not S-shaped, and by the shape of the anal plate, no posterolateral appendages, distinct in both E. spinosus and E. washingtonensis.
Tergites with two types of protuberances (Figs 10, 11), large, curved, setose, glabrous, pointed spines, proximally scale-like and evenly spaced on background of more numerous, small crater-like protuberances with pleated sides.
Legs (Figs 15-16). All legs 5-segmented. Setae on coxa and trochanter (Fig. 15) of leg 9 thin, simple, cylindrical, striate. Tarsus of leg 9 distinctly tapering (Fig. 16), (2.8-)3.2 times as long as greatest diameter, two tergal setae and one sternal, all pointed glabrous; proximal tergal seta longest, almost 0.4 of the length of tarsus, (1.8-)2.2 times as long as distal tergal seta and 1.6 times as long as sternal seta. Length of main claw 0.4 of the length of tarsus. Pygidium (Fig. 17). Tergum. Posterior margin evenly rounded. Relative lengths of setae: a 1 =a 2 =10, a 3 =(22-)23, st=7. a 1 , a 2 and st similar, tapering, pointed, a1 and st curved inwards with a knee close to proximal end, a 2 evenly curved, a 1 and st strongly and a 2 inconsiderably converging; a 3 evenly curved inward and somewhat diverging. Distance a 1 -a 1 (2.1-)2.4 times as long as a 1 , distance a 1 -a 2 about as long as distance a 2 -a 3 ; distance st-st 3.2 times as long as st and 1.1 times as long as distance a 1 -a 1 .
Sternum. Posterior margin with low posteriomedian bulge below anal plate. Relative lengths of setae (pygidial a 1 =10): b 1 =(23-)27, b 2 =13 and 16 in the holotype, and 18 in the paratype, b 3 =12. b1 with fusiform, and shortly pubescent base, tapering into a subcylindrical, striate distal half terminated with a small, striate end-swelling; b2 similar to b 1 but with cylindrical distal part, proportionately much shorter and without end-swelling; b 3 subcylindrical, striate. Length of b 1 (as long as -)1.2 times as long as interdistance, b 2 0.7-0.9 of distance b 1 -b 2 , b 3 on the same level as b 2 , length 1.4 times as long as interdistance.
Anal plate narrowest at base and consisting of two broad lobes posteriorly separated by V-shaped incision ≈0.3 of the length of plate; posterolateral corners without appendages but each with very small tooth; each lobe with a bladder-shaped posteriorly directed appendage with distinct erect pubescence, length of appendages 0.9 of the length of plate.

Remarks
The Pauropoda was reported from USA for the first time by Packard (1870) only four years after the group was discovered in London in 1866 (Lubbock 1867). Despite that more than 140 years have passed and about one hundred species have been found the knowledge of their occurrence in the USA is still most imperfect.