Review of the genus Hartemita Cameron, 1910 (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Cardiochilinae), with the description of six new species from Vietnam

Abstract The Oriental and East Palaearctic genus Hartemita Cameron, 1910 (Braconidae: Cardiochilinae) is recorded for the first time from Vietnam. Sixteen species of the genus Hartemita are currently recognized from Oriental and East Palaearctic regions. One species is newly recorded for Vietnam, Hartemita singaporensis (Mao, 1945)and six new species from Vietnam are described and illustrated: Hartemita coffeana sp. n., Hartemita daklaka sp. n., Hartemita khuatbaolinhae sp. n., Hartemita similis sp. n., Hartemita maculata sp. n. and Hartemita vietnamica sp. n. A key to species of the genus Hartemita Cameron is included.


Introduction
The small genus Hartemita Cameron, 1910 (Braconidae: Cardiochilinae) is comparatively rare in collections and easily recognizable by its enlarged hind basitarsus (Figs 5,22,55,83,100). In this respect they resemble stingless bees (Meliponini) which occur over most of its range and as suggested by one of the referees this may be not coincidence. It has an Oriental and East Palaearctic distribution, but was unknown from Vietnam (Long and Belokobylskij 2003). It comprised 16 species; of these, three are from southern and eastern Palaearctic regions, three are from an intermediate area (Nepal) and the other ten occur in the Oriental region (Dangerfield and Austin 1990, Chou 1995, Chen, He and Ma 1998Belokobylskij and Ku 2001;Ahmad and Shujauddin 2004;Belokobylskij 2005;Yu, van Achterberg and Horstmann 2005). As far as known all species of Cardiochilinae are koinobiont endoparasitoids of lepidopterous larvae. Extensive Malaise trapping in Vietnam resulted in the collecting of one described species of the genus Hartemita. Six additional species are new to science and are described in this paper. A comprehensive key to species of the genus Hartemita is provided.

Material and methods
Two recent and larger collections of Cardiochilinae from Vietnam are used for this revision: the Braconidae collection in the Institute of Ecology & Biological Resources (IEBR) at Hanoi (assembled by the first author) and the Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity Naturalis collection (RMNH) at Leiden (assembled during five RMNH-IEBR expeditions in Vietnam).
For recognition of the subfamily Cardiochilinae, see van Achterberg (1993), for a key to the genera of Cardiochilinae, see Dangerfield et al. (1999) and for a diagnosis of the genus Hartemita, see Dangerfield and Austin (1990). For the terminology used in this paper, see Dangerfield and Austin (1990) and van Achterberg (1993). The scale bars in the plates indicate 1.0 mm.
Head. Antennal segments 52; third segment 1.2 times as long as fourth segment; length of third, fourth and penultimate segments 2.3, 1.9 and 2.0 times their width, respectively; head width 2.2 times its median length; occiput deeply excavate (Fig. 13); temple behind eyes convex anteriorly, gradually narrowed posteriorly (Fig. 13); length of temple 0.9 times transverse diameter of eye; OOL:POL:OD = 19:9:6; frons wide and with a median carina (Fig. 13); eye glabrous, width of face 1.5 times height of eye; clypeal margin nearly straight medially, epistomal suture indistinct; malar space 1.4 times width of mandible; face largely rugose; clypeus shiny and punctate; temple very shiny and with sparse but large and discrete punctures, distance between punctures twice diameter of puncture; frons smooth laterally, striate medially and transversely rugose posteriorly.
Legs. Length of hind femur 4.2 times its width; length of hind tibia 4.4 times its apical width; hind basitarsus slightly produced apically (Fig. 16), flattened, not broadly laminate, 2.8 times longer than wide and as wide as apical width of hind tibia (Fig. 16); second-fifth hind tarsal segments 0.6 times as long as hind basitarsus; inner hind tibial spur 0.6 times as long as hind basitarsus; hind tarsal claw with 5 teeth; hind coxa and outer side of hind femur rugose-punctate; upper side of hind tibia with some spines.
Legs. Length of hind femur 4.6 times its width; length of hind tibia 5.3 times its apical width; hind basitarsus flattened, not broadly laminate and not produced apically (Fig. 22), 4.0 times as long as wide; hind basitarsus as wide as apical width of hind tibia; second-fifth hind tarsal segments comparatively long (Fig. 22), 0.6 times as long as hind basitarsus; inner hind tibial spur 0.7 times as long as hind basitarsus; hind tarsal claw with 3 teeth (Fig. 21).
Metasoma. Metasoma 0.9 times as long as mesosoma; second metasomal tergite as long as third tergite or slightly longer; ovipositor sheath very short; ovipositor curved.
Colour. Body yellow; antenna dark brown; scapus black, but yellow ventrally; palpi brown, except first yellow segment; frons black posteriorly and yellow anteriorly (Fig. 18); vertex black; middle trochantellus, basal ring of middle tibia, middle spurs and tarsus (except yellow base of basitarsus) dark brown; hind femur yellow, but dark brown dorsally; hind tibia yellow, black basally and apically; hind basitarsus black, but yellow basally; hind trochanter and trochantellus, spurs and tarsus dark brown; wings brown, smoky apically.
Head. Antennal segments 52 (paratype: 51); third antennal segment 1.3 times fourth segment; length of third, fourth and penultimate segments 2.1, 1.6 and 1.6 times their width, respectively; eye glabrous, twice as long as its lateral width; width of face 1.5 times as long as height of eye; clypeal margin convex medio-ventrally (Fig. 23); epistomal suture distinct and evenly curved; malar space 1.2 times basal width of mandible (Fig. 23); in dorsal view head transverse, its width nearly twice as long as its median length; occiput deeply excavate (Fig. 24); temple behind eyes convex anteriorly and roundly narrowed posteriorly; length of temple 1.2 times transverse diameter of eye (Fig. 24); width of eye 0.55 times temple laterally; OOL:POL:OD= 15:9:6; face rugose-punctate; clypeus largely punctate; frons smooth and with a median carina; area around ocelli with transverse and dense rugae; temple largely rugose ventrally and with large punctures dorsally.
Legs. Length of hind femur 4.25 times its median width; hind basitarsus broadly laminate, slightly produced apically and 2.1 times as long as wide (Fig. 28); width of hind basitarsus 1.4 times apical width of hind tibia; second-fifth hind tarsal segments 0.6 times as long as hind basitarsus (Fig. 28); inner hind tibial spur 0.6 times as long as hind basitarsus; hind claw with 5 teeth (Fig. 27).
Colour. Body yellow; antenna dark brown; scapus yellow, but apex and outer side dark brown; frons and stemmaticum black; vertex yellow anteriorly and black posteriorly; temple partly black dorsally; median and lateral lobes of mesoscutum and mesosternum black; middle trochantellus, apical upper and lower sides of hind coxa, hind trochanter apically, hind trochantellus, apical third of basitarsus and hind tarsus (except basitarsus) black; fore wing brown, but smoky apically.
Legs. Length of hind femur 4.2 times its width; hind basitarsus flattened, not broadly laminate and not produced apically, its width 0.9 times distal width of hind tibia; length of hind basitarsus 3.75 times as long as its width (Figs 34, 100); hind tarsal segments 2-5 not shortened, 0.8 times as long as hind basitarsus (Fig. 100); inner hind tibial spur 0.7 times as long as hind basitarsus; outer side of hind tibia with long sparse spines; hind claw with 5 large teeth and 1 small tooth (Fig. 32).
Colour. Body yellow; antenna brown; scapus dark brown laterally; frons, stemmaticum black; vertex black posteriorly; lateral and middle lobes of mesoscutum, mesosternum black; wings brown, but parastigma yellow; apex of fore wing (behind vein r-m) darker; near apex of hind coxa with a large black spot; trochantellus, basal ring of hind tibia, apex of hind basitarsus and remainder of hind tarsus dark brown; basal corner of second metasomal tergite and fourth and fifth tergites black apically.
Distribution. N Vietnam: Ninh Binh, Vinh Phuc, Thai Nguyen and Phu Tho and C Vietnam: Nghe An and Thua Thien-Hue; Oriental China and Nepal.
Etymology. The species is named "maculata", because of the distinctly maculate mesoscutum.
Notes. Specimens from Vietnam have the hind claws with 5-6 teeth and the propodeum rugose with a faint transverse carina anteriorly. Most common species in North and Central Vietnam. Runs in the key by Dangerfield & Austin (1990) to H. latipes Cameron, but this species has a Sundaland distribution and differs as indicated above. The only specimen reported as H. chapini (Mao) from Malaysia has been examined and belongs to H. latipes. As a result, H. chapini is a species only known from the Philippines. Description. Holotype, male, body length 5.9 mm, fore wing length 5.6 mm, antenna 6.5 mm.
Legs. Length of hind femur 4.3 times its middle width; length of hind tibia 5.1 times its apical width; hind basitarsus flattened, not broadly laminate and not pro-duced apically (Fig. 40); hind basitarsus as wide as apical width of hind tibia and 3.7 times as long as wide; inner hind tibial spur 0.6 times as long as hind basitarsus; second-fifth hind tarsal segments 0.54 times as long as hind basitarsus (Fig. 40); hind tarsal claw with 3 teeth (Fig. 39).
Head. Antennal segments 46 (paratype 44); third segment 1.25 times as long as fourth segment; length of third, fourth and penultimate segments 2.0, 1.6 and 1.0 times their width, respectively; eye glabrous, width of face 1.5 times height of eye; clypeal margin slightly concave medially (Fig. 41); epistomal suture distinct and curved; malar space 1.4 times width of mandible; in dorsal view head twice wider than its median length; occiput deeply concave (Fig. 42); temple behind eyes convex anteriorly and roundly narrowed posteriorly; length of temple nearly as long as transverse diameter of eye; OOL:POL:OD = 15:8:5; frons with a median carina (Fig. 42); face and clypeus sparsely punctate.
Metasoma. Second tergite shorter than third tergite. Colour. Body and palpi yellow; antenna brown, but scapus yellow with dark brown spot apically and on outer side; frons black; vertex yellow anteriorly and black posteriorly (Fig. 42); middle and lateral lobes of mesoscutum black; mesosternum black dorsally and yellow ventrally; middle leg yellow, but outer side of trochantellus black; hind coxa dorso-apically, trochanter and trochantellus, basal ring of hind tibia, apical half of hind basitarsus dark brown or black; second-fifth hind tarsal segments dirty brown.
Female. Unknown. Distribution. N Vietnam: Vinh Phuc and C Vietnam: Nghe An. Etymology. The species is named after the country of origin: Vietnam.