Notes on the genus Pedionis Hamilton (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Macropsinae), and with description of two new species from China

Abstract Two new species Pedionis (Pedionis) nankunshanensis Li, Dai & Li sp. n. and Pedionis (Pedionis) tabulatus Li, Dai & Li sp. n. from China are described and illustrated. A key is given to separate all species of this genus (except Pedionis (Pedionis) oeroe and Pedionis (Pedionis) thyia).


Introduction
The leafhopper genus Pedionis belongs to the tribe Macropsini, subfamily Macropsinae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) and was established by Hamilton (1980) with Pediopsis garuda Distant, 1916 as its type species. Hamilton separated two subgenera Pedionis and Thyia by anteapical cells and proposed six new combinations (one in subgenus Thyia) and described three new species. Later, 12 new species (Viraktamath 1981(Viraktamath , 1996Kuoh 1987;Huang and Virakatamath 1993;Liu and Zhang 2003;Zhang and Viraktamath 2010) were described and illustrated. Currently 20 species of the subgenus Pedionis and 1 species of the subgenus Thyia have been recorded, and 8 of the subgenus Pedionis from China.
Species of Pedionis are mainly distributed in the Oriental region, and almost half of them (all belong to subgenus Pedionis) are found in southern of China (Oriental region) and most Pedionis species are associated with shrubs and trees.
In this paper, two new Chinese species of the genus from Guizhou and Guangdong Province are described and illustrated. 23 species of the genus and a key to species from the world is provided (except P. (P.) oeroe and P. (P.) thyia). The type specimens of the new species are deposited in the Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China (GUGC). Hamilton 1980: 891. Type species: Pediopsis garuda Distant, 1916. Diagnosis. Following Hamilton (1980).

Key to male species of genus Pedionis (except P. (P.) oeroe and P. (P.) thyia)
Notes: The species P. (P.) oeroe should belong to the subgenus Pedionis by tegmina with only 2 subapical cells and veins dark fuscous multiannulate with whitish according to the original description, but no male genitalia manuscript (Kirkaldy 1907), the species P. (P.) thyia is distinguished from others by amount of anteapical cells (non-genitalic characters), therefore, the key don't encompass these two species.

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Aedeagal shaft with a constriction in middle, the lateral aspect of aedeagus strongly sinuated (Figs 1-2)  Aedeagal shaft with a bulge nearly middle, the second pair of processes towards dorsal aspect (Figs 31-32 Description. Body yellowish-brown (Fig. 38). The vertex inverted "V" shaped, as wide as pronotum (Fig. 38), weakly curved in profile, slightly away from the pronotum (Fig.  39); eyes brown; ocelli located between the eyes, its surrounding yellow, below gray (Fig. 40). The pronotum pale-yellow, anterior margin curved prominent, posterior margin slightly concave. Scutellum triangular, yellowish, scatter dark notches, baselateral sides gray, post-middle region with one deep notch (Fig. 38). Forewings hyaline, end area chocolate-brown, veins fuscous white spots distinctly (Fig. 39). Male genitalia Pygofer broad, the apex acute in lateral view and produced several setae on the ventral margin (Fig. 45). Subgenital plate slender with many marginal setae (Fig. 46). Aedeagus broader basally, shaft strongly sinuate in lateral view, apex tapering, and with two pairs of processes, the apical processes located dorsal margin, serrated, the subapical processes located lateral margin, reflexed in ventral aspect view, apex digitation, the processes with a membranous connection (Figs 47-48). Style parallel-margined and angled on the apical third, the apex obliquely truncate, produced a narrow truncate process on dorsal margin (Fig. 49). Dorsal connective complex and sinuate, apex bulbous, produced a long process from caudal margin to dorsad, and mesal-ventral apical margin minutely serrated (Fig. 50). Connective broader basally, a finger-like protrusion in middle, both sides bent to the inside (Figs 51-52).
Female. Similar to male in coloration and appearance. The seventh sternite 1.5 times the sixth sternite, carved in middle-posterior margin (Fig. 41) Male genitalia. Pygofer broad, obliquely truncate, the apex obtuse in lateral view, produced regularly spike-spines and setae on the ventral margin (Fig. 53). Subgenital plate slender with many setae, several especially long in the end (Fig. 54). Aedeagus broader basally, shaft strongly sinuated, angled heavily on apical third and bulge occurred in middle-dorsal in lateral view; apex tapering, and with two pairs of processes, the apical processes small and produced on dorsal margin, the subapical processes located lateral margin, broad as lamella (Figs 55-56). Style (Fig. 57 Diagnosis. This species is similar to P. (P.) yunnana Zhang & Viraktamath, 2010 but differs markedly from the latter in having the apical processes on aedeagal shaft occurred in dorsal margin; the subapical processes broad, lamella-like; the pygofer with regularly spike-spines and setae on the ventral margin.
Etymology. Th e species name is derived from the Latin words "tabulatus", indicating the subapical processes of adeagal shaft are lamella-like.