Review of the genus Fibuloides Kuznetsov in China (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae, Olethreutinae)

Abstract Species of the genus Fibuloides Kuznetsov that occur in China are reviewed. Fibuloides trapezoidea, sp. n.is described as new; Fibuloides levatana (Kuznetsov) and Fibuloides modificana Kuznetsov are newly recorded for China; Acroclita nigrovenana Kuznetsov, syn. n. is considered as a synonym of Fibuloides corinthia (Meyrick); and Eucoenogenes elongata Zhang & Li and Eucoenogenes wuyiensis Zhang & Li are transferred to Fibuloides, resulting in two new combinations. A key to the nine Chinese species of Fibuloides is given.


Introduction
Fibuloides was proposed by Kuznetsov (1997b) with F. modifi cana Kuznetsov, 1997 from South Vietnam as the type species. Th e characters of Fibuloides given by Kuznetsov are as follows: the costal fold narrow in male; the forewing with R 4 and R 5 stalked, R 3 with base close to this stem; CuA 1 strongly curved and originating from near base of M 3 ; hindwing with M 3 and CuA 1 stalked; and the valva extremely modifi ed, with an unusually long, sclerotized process originating from the apex of the sacculus. Brown (2005) included one species, F. modifi cana, in the world catalogue of Tortricidae. Horak (2006) described F. phycitipalpia Horak, 2006 andF. minuta Horak, 2006 from Queensland and New South Wales, Australia, and transferred seventeen species to the genus. She pointed out that males of Fibuloides usually have a notch at the base of the fl agellum, bear modifi ed fringe scales along the anal margin of the hindwing or a pencil of long hairscales from its base, have transverse bands of modifi ed scaling dorsally on the abdomen, and the weak lateral arms of the gnathos from below middle of the tegumen end in two sclerotized vertically rising bands. Pinkaew (2008) described F. khaonanensis from Th ailand and transferred Eucoenogenes bicucullus Pinkaew, 2005 and E. vaneeae Pinkaew, 2005 to Fibuloides.
Currently the genus includes 23 species distributed in the Palaearctic, Oriental and Australian regions (Brown 2005;Horak 2006;Pinkaew 2008;Baixeras et al. 2009). Prior to this study, fi ve species were recorded from China (Kawabe et al. 1992;Liu and Li 2002;Zhang and Li 2005). In the present paper, we describe one new species, record two species new for the Chinese fauna, transfer two species from Eucoenogenes to Fibuloides, and propose Acroclita nigrovenana Kuznetsov, 1988 from North Vietnam as a synonym of F. corinthia (Meyrick, 1912) described from Sri Lanka. A key to the Chinese species is provided based on the male genitalia of the examined specimens.

Material and methods
Th is study is based on the examination of specimens collected using light traps in the forests and mountains, mainly from the southern part of China. Th e terminology for the forewing pattern follows Brown and Powell (1991) as refi ned by Baixeras (2002). Methods of genitalia dissection follow Li (2002 (Meyrick, 1912) in the shape of uncus and socius, but can be distinguished by the trapezioidal cucullus and the absence of the enlarged, fl attened bristles on the neck of valva. In F. cyanopsis the cucullus is ovate and the neck of valva has two or more short enlarged, fl attened bristles on its ventral side.
Abdomen: Male genitalia (Fig. 10). Uncus bifurcated from near base, produced into two slender, parallel and widely separated tips. Socius broad and short, about twice as long as wide, drooping, hairy, with round end. Valva broad at base; neck distinct, without enlarged, fl attened bristles; sacculus about twice size of cucullus, with a line of fl attened long bristles; cucullus trapezoidal, hairy, with marginal spines. Anellus closely surrounding basal 1/3 of aedeagus; aedeagus long tubular, cornuti consisting of a bunch of curved spines.

Distribution. China (Guizhou).
Etymology. Th e specifi c name is derived from Latin trapezoideus (= trapeziform), referring to the shape of the cucullus.

Fibuloides japonica
Remarks. Th is species is distinguished by the digitate process on the sacculus in the male genitalia bearing either dense tufted bristles or fi ve enlarged, fl attened bristles distally.
Discussion. In the examined specimens, the appearance of the adults and the female geniatlia are identical, but the male genitalia have two types (Figs 15a and 15b): in fi gure 15a, the relatively elongate uncus looks like a pair of long ears of a rabbit, and the slender digitate process of the sacculus bears fi ve enlarged, fl attened bristles distally; in fi gure 15b, the short uncus is emarginated posteriorly and somewhat heart-shaped, and the digitate process of the sacculus is relatively broad and bears dense tufted bristles distally. Th e two types of male genitlia might represent two diff erent species, but in this paper we treat these diff erences as individual variations. We may confi rm whether they are two species or just one species after a geographic analysis, which can be done when more specimens are available.

Fibuloides levatana (Kuznetsov, 1997) Figs 7, 16
Eucoenogenes levatana Kuznetsov, 1997: 197. Holotype ♂, TL: Vietnam, deposited in ZMAS. Fibuloides levatana (Kuznetsov, 1997) Kuznetsov, 1997 Fig. 8, 17 Fibuloides modifi cana Kuznetsov, 1997: 810 Remarks. Th e uncus of this species is broad and distally bifurcate, the valva has a long, sinuate, fl attened bristle on the neck, and the cucullus is elongate subrectangular and distally downcurved. In fi gure 17 the long fl attened bristle is off the inserted hole which is located on the ventral side of the neck instead of on the angle of the sacculus (see arrow in fi g. 17). It is new for China. (Zhang & Li, 2005)  Remarks. Th is species is distinguishable from its congeners by the following characters: the uncus tips are slender and closely parallel; the socius is laterally triangular; and the neck of the valva has a short fl attened bristle.