Research Article |
Chuan Feng‡§, Xing-Ke Yang‡|, Yang Liu§, Zhi-Qiang Li‡
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Corresponding author: Yang Liu ( liuyangent@nwu.edu.cn ) Corresponding author: Zhi-Qiang Li ( lizq@giz.gd.cn ) Academic editor: Ron Beenen
© 2023 Chuan Feng, Xing-Ke Yang, Yang Liu, Zhi-Qiang Li.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Feng C, Yang X-K, Liu Y, Li Z-Q (2023) Revision of Aplosonyx Chevrolat, 1836 (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Galerucinae) from China, with descriptions of three new species. ZooKeys 1154: 159-222. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1154.98336
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Abstract
In this study, 21 species of the leaf-beetle genus Aplosonyx in China are described, including three new species, Aplosonyx ancorella sp. nov., Aplosonyx nigricornis sp. nov. and Aplosonyx wudangensis sp. nov., and 1 new record, Aplosonyx duvivieri Jacoby, 1900. Additionally, Aplosonyx ancora fulvescens Chen, 1964 is elevated to species. A key to the Chinese species of Aplosonyx is provided.
Keywords
Aplosonyx, leaf beetles, new record, new species, taxonomy, China
Introduction
The genus Aplosonyx was established by
Materials and methods
The morphological characters were examined with an Olympus SZ61 microscope. The genitalia of males from each species were dissected using the following procedure: for dried or ethanol preserved specimens, the abdomen was removed from each specimen, bathed in boiling water for 5–10 minutes, then transferred to a vial containing 10% KOH solution. The abdomen with the aedeagus was washed in distilled water 3 or 4 times, transferred onto a cavity slide using fine forceps and the aedeagus was separated from the abdomen using a hooked, fine dissecting needle.
Habitus images were taken using a Canon 5DSR/Nikon SMZ25 digital camera. Aedeagus images were taken using a Nikon D610 digital camera, attached to a Zeiss V/A1 microscope (with 5× objective lens). A cable shutter release was used to prevent the camera from shaking. To obtain the full depth of focus, all images were stacked using HELICON FOCUS 7 and the resulting output was edited with Adobe Photoshop CC.
Abbreviations and depositories used in the paper
TL type locality;
IZGAS Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China;
Results
Aplosonyx is similar to several genera, and a short key to the more closely related genera of Aplosonyx in the Hylaspini is provided below.
Key to the similar genera of Hylaspini
| 1 | Anterior metasternal process not extending beyond the front edge of the meso-coxal cavities, basal border of pronotum not margined | 2 |
| – | Anterior metasternal process extending beyond the front edge of the meso-coxal cavities, pronotum borders margined, disc with or without a pair of transverse depressions | Gallerucida Motschulsky, 1860 |
| 2 | Anterior and lateral border of pronotum margined, posterior corner of pronotum acute, disc with deep transverse depressions | Aplosonyx Chevrolat, 1836 |
| – | Lateral border of pronotum margined, posterior corner of pronotum rounded, disc without deep transverse depressions | Sphenoraia Clark, 1865 |
Aplosonyx
Aplosonyx
Chevrolat, 1836: 375. Type species: Galleruca albicornis Wiedemann, 1821, designated by
Haplosonyx Gistel, 1848: 14 (emend. for Aplosonyx Chevrolat).
Berecyntha
Baly, 1865: 98. Type species: Berecyntha tibialis Baly, 1865, original designation. Synonymized by
Caritheca
Baly, 1877: 226. Type species: Caritheca quadripustulata Baly, 1877, by monotypy. Synonymized by
Haplonyx
Jacobson, 1895: 555 (unjustified emendation). Synonymized by
Distribution
Oriental Region.
Key to Chinese species of Aplosonyx
| 1 | Elytral punctures stronger, interstices of punctures equal to or narrower than diameter of single puncture | 2 |
| – | Elytral punctures relatively not strong, interstices of punctures wider than diameter of single puncture | 5 |
| 2 | Elytron reddish brown with a broad purplish band anterior to middle, which extends forward along suture and expands again on base; in some specimens’ dorsal surface entirely reddish brown | 3 |
| – | Elytron black with all margins yellow, including the suture | A. cinctus Chen, 1964 |
| 3 | Elytral punctures close, interstices of punctures narrower than diameter of single puncture; punctures in pronotum close and more in number | 4 |
| – | Elytral punctures sparse, interstices of punctures equal to diameter of single puncture; punctures in pronotum sparse and fewer in number | A. fulvescens Chen, 1964 |
| 4 | Abdomen without black spots, elytral surface without wrinkles | A. ancora Laboissière, 1934 |
| – | Abdomen with five pair of black spots, elytral surface somewhat wrinkled | A. ancorella sp. nov. |
| 5 | Elytron entirely yellow or yellowish brown | 6 |
| – | Elytron partly or largely pitchy or metallic | 10 |
| 6 | Pronotum black | 7 |
| – | Pronotum yellowish brown | 8 |
| 7 | Elytron reddish brown; elytron with punctures arranged in approximately 10 longitudinal striae | A. rufipennis Duvivier, 1892 |
| – | Elytron pale yellow; elytron with very close punctures, which arranged in approximately 20 irregular longitudinal striae | A. flavipennis Chen, 1964 |
| 8 | Legs black with femur yellowish brown; abdomen yellowish brown; antennae pitchy black with first antennomere brown | A. orientalis Jacoby, 1892 |
| – | Legs entirely black | 9 |
| 9 | Abdomen pitchy black; antennae yellowish brown with apical two or three antennomeres blackish | A. robinsoni Jacoby, 1905 |
| – | Abdomen yellowish brown; antennae black | A. duvivieri Jacoby, 1900 |
| 10 | Elytron entirely or mostly metallic | 11 |
| – | Elytron brownish with pitchy markings | 13 |
| 11 | Pronotum black, elytron dark bluish green with apex cupreous | A. emeishanicus (Lopatin, 2005) |
| – | Pronotum brownish, elytron entirely bluish or violaceous | 12 |
| 12 | Pronotum with four raised areas in front of transverse furrow; elytron blue or purplish-blue | A. chalybaeus (Hope, 1831) |
| – | Pronotum without any distinctly raised areas in front of transverse furrow; elytron violaceous or greenish | A. sublaevicollis Jacoby, 1889 |
| 13 | Pronotum black | 14 |
| – | Pronotum yellowish brown with black spots | 17 |
| 14 | Elytron with blackish band | 15 |
| – | Elytron with black spots, without blackish band | 16 |
| 15 | Elytron with a broad black band at middle, which extends along suture and expands again on base | A. ornatus Jacoby, 1892 |
| – | Elytron with a broad black band at side, which extends along lateral margin of elytron | A. gansuicus (Chen, 1942) |
| 16 | Elytron each with 5 black spots | A. nigriceps Yang, 1995 |
| – | Elytron each with 6 black spots | A. nigricornis sp. nov. |
| 17 | Pronotum with 3 black spots, elytron with 5 spots | 18 |
| – | Pronotum with only 1 black spot | 19 |
| 18 | Black spots on both sides are large on pronotum | A. yunlongensis Jiang, 1992 |
| – | Black spots on both sides are small on pronotum and almost invisible | A. wudangensis sp. nov. |
| 19 | Elytron with 5 spots | A. omeiensis Chen, 1942 |
| – | Elytron with 2 longitudinal strips, 1 or 2 black spots apically | 20 |
| 20 | Apex of elytron with 1 spot | A. pictus Chen, 1942 |
| – | Apex of elytron with 2 spots | A. tianpingshanensis Yang, 1995 |
Aplosonyx ancora
Aplosonyx ancora Laboissière, 1934: 110.
Aplosonyx ancora ancora:
Specimens examined
3♂♂2♀♀, China, Guangdong Province, Nanling, Chengjia; 720 m a. s. l.; 26 May 2022; Chuang Feng leg.; IZGAS. 1♂2♀♀, China, Guangdong Province, same data as for preceding; 31 May 2022; Chuang Feng leg.; IZGAS. 3♂♂4♀♀, China, Guangdong Province, Foshan, Lutian; 1 Sept 2021; Zulong Liang leg.; IZGAS. ♀, China, Guangxi Province, Jinxiu, Luoxiang; 400 m a. s. l.; 15 May 1999; Decheng Yuan leg.;
Diagnosis
This species differs from A. fulvescens Chen in the antennae with antennomeres 1–6 yellow and antennomeres 7–11 brown, pronotum and elytron densely covered with large punctures, and the aedeagus apex is distinctly pointed. However, the pronotum and elytron of A. fulvescens are sparsely covered with punctures, the antennae are brown with antennomeres 1–3 yellow, and the aedeagus is narrowed in the middle with its apex slightly pointed; in lateral view the apex is strongly bent. This species differs from A. ancorella sp. nov. in the abdomen having no black spots, and the interstices of punctures in the elytron not being wrinkled.
Redescription
Male. Length 9.8–12.6 mm, width 5.8–6.6 mm.
Head, pronotum, abdomen, and leg orange, elytra orange or reddish brown, antennae with antennomeres 1–6 yellow and antennomeres 7–11 brown, scutellum black, ventral surface of the thorax black with yellow middle, pronotum with single purple or black spot at base, elytron with a broad purplish band from anterior to middle, extending forward along suture and expanding again on base.
Vertex finely and sparsely covered with punctures. Interocular space 2 × as wide as transverse diameter of eye. Interantennal space 1.3 × as wide as transverse diameter of antennal socket. Frontal tubercles transverse, distinctly raised, each separated by a deep furrow; antennae slender, extended to the middle of the elytra, 0.75 × as long as body; antennomeres 1–3 shiny; antennomeres 4–11 covered with pubescence, antennomere 2 shortest, antennomere 3 longer than antennomere 2, approximately 1.8 × as long as second; antennomere 4 longest, approximately 1.5 × as long as antennomeres 2 and 3 combined; antennomeres 5–10 gradually shortened, shorter than antennomere 4; antennomere 11 slightly longer than antennomere 10, pointed.
Pronotum approximately 2 × as wide as long, lateral border margined, widest at anterior 1/3; disc with transverse furrow, densely covered with large punctures, the interstices of punctures slightly narrower than diameter of punctures, with sparse small punctures in base and apex area of pronotum.
Scutellum triangular, finely covered with punctures.
Elytra wider than pronotum, 0.8 × as long as body, 1.6 × as long as wide, epipleura basally widened, dorsal surface slightly convex, irregularly covered with large and deep punctures, the interstices of punctures narrower than diameter of punctures and lightly covered with small punctures in interstices.
Metasternum 2 × as long as mesosternum. Ventral surface of abdomen with five ventrites, ventrite 1 longest, ventrites 2–4 gradually shortened, apical ventrite slightly longer than ventrite 3, with two subtriangular incisions.
Aedeagus slender, parallel-sided, basally widened, apex pointed, in lateral view slightly bent.
Female. Length 9.6–13.2 mm, width 5.6–6.7 mm.
Antennae slightly thinner than in male, antennomere 2 shortest, antennomere 3 approximately 2.5 × as long as second; antennomere 4 longest, 1.2 × as long as antennomeres 2 and 3 combined; apical sternite without incisions.
Distribution
China: Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan; Vietnam.
Aplosonyx chalybeus
Galleruca chalybea Hope, 1831: 28.
Haplosonyx chalybeus:
Aplosonyx chalibea:
Aplosonyx chalybeus
var. Jeanvoinei Laboissière, 1935: 109. Synonymized by
Type specimen examined
♀ Syntype of Galleruca chalybea: chalybea. Hope. 4137; Hardwicke Bequest; Nepal. NHMUK014596221.
Additional specimens examined
♀, China, Yunnan province, Lushui; 2150 m a. s. l.; 11 Jun. 1981; Subai Liao leg.;
Diagnosis
This species can be distinguished from other Chinese species by the yellow antennae with black antennomeres 5–8, the apex of the pronotum with four raised areas, and blue or purplish blue elytra. This species differs from A. sublaevicollis in pronotum being widest at anterior 1/3.
Redescription
Male. Length 12.2–14.0 mm, width 6.8–7.4 mm.
Head, pronotum, scutellum, and ventral surface of body yellow, antennae yellow with antennomeres 5–8 black, legs black with femur yellow, elytra blue or purplish blue.
Vertex covered with several large punctures; Interocular space 2.6 × as wide as transverse diameter of eye. Interantennal space 1.9 × as wide as transverse diameter of antennal socket. Frontal tubercles transverse, distinctly raised, each separated by a deep furrow; antennae slender, extended to the middle of the elytra, 0.65 × as long as body; antennomeres 1–3 shiny; antennomeres 4–11 covered with pubescence, antennomere 2 shortest, antennomere 3 twice as long as second; antennomere 4 longest, slightly longer than antennomeres 2 and 3 combined; antennomeres 5–10 gradually shortened, shorter than antennomere 4; antennomere 11 slightly longer than antennomere 10, pointed.
Pronotum approximately 1.6 × as wide as long, lateral border margined, widest at anterior 1/3, apex of disc with four raised areas, middle of disc with deep transverse furrow; closely covered with large punctures in furrow and with sparsely small punctures in other parts of pronotum.
Scutellum triangular, finely covered with punctures.
Elytra wider than pronotum, 0.75 × as long as body, 1.9 × as long as wide, with lateral margins straight and subparallel, epipleura basally widened, posteriorly gradually narrowing towards apex, dorsal surface slightly convex, irregularly covered with large punctures, the interstices of punctures wider than diameter of individual punctures, approximately 2 × as wide as diameter of punctures and lightly covered with small punctures in interstices.
Metasternum 2 × as long as mesosternum. Ventral surface of abdomen with five ventrites, ventrite 1 longest, ventrites 2–4 gradually shortened, apical ventrite slightly longer than ventrite 3, with two subtriangular incisions.
Aedeagus slender, parallel-sided, basally widened, apex slightly pointed, in lateral view base and apex slightly bent.
Female. Length 12.0–14.2 mm, width 6.6–7.8 mm.
Antennae slightly thinner than in male, antennomere 2 shortest, antennomere 3 approximately 1.5 × as long as second; antennomere 4 longest, 1.4 × as long as antennomeres 2 and 3 combined; apical sternite without incisions.
Distribution
China: Yunnan, Xizang; Vietnam; Myanmar; India; Nepal; Sikkim.
Aplosonyx cinctus
Aplosonyx cinctus
Type specimens examined
Holotype
: ♀, China, Yunnan province, Jinping, Changpotou; 1200 m a. s. l.; 23 May 1956; Keren Huang leg.;
Paratype : ♀, same data as for holotype; IOZ(E)215624.
Additional specimens examined
♂, China, Yunnan province, Xishuangbanna, Damenglong; 650 m a. s. l.; 4 May 1958; Chunpei Hong leg.;
Diagnosis
This species can be distinguished from other congeners by the black pronotum and elytra, all margins of pronotum and elytra yellow, including the yellow suture. This species differs from A. orientalis in the color of the body, the slender aedeagus, and in lateral view the apex is strongly bent.
Redescription
Male. Length 9.0–10.2 mm, width 5.0–6.0 mm.
Head and abdomen yellow, antennae and ventral surface of thorax black, elytra black with all margins yellow, including the suture of elytra; scutellum black with apex yellow; femur and tibia outside black inside yellow, tarsus and claws brown.
Vertex finely covered with punctures. Interocular space 2.2 × as wide as transverse diameter of eye. Interantennal space 1.7 × as wide as transverse diameter of antennal socket. Frontal tubercles distinctly raised, hook-like, each separated by a deep furrow; antennae slender, 0.7 × as long as body; antennomeres 1–3 shiny; antennomeres 4–11 covered with pubescence, antennomere 2 shortest, antennomere 3 approximately 1.2 × as long as second; antennomere 4 longest, approximately 1.8 × as long as antennomeres 2 and 3 combined; antennomeres 5–10 gradually shortened, shorter than antennomere 4; antennomere 11 slightly longer than antennomere 10, pointed.
Pronotum 2 × as wide as long, lateral border margined, widest at posterior corners, disc with deep transverse furrow, less distinct in middle; closely covered with large punctures in furrow and with sparsely small punctures in other parts of pronotum.
Scutellum triangular, finely covered with punctures.
Elytra wider than pronotum, 0.75 × as long as body, 1.6 × as long as wide, epipleura wide at anterior 1/4, posteriorly gradually narrowing towards apex, dorsal surface slightly convex, irregularly covered with punctures, the interstices of punctures lightly wider than diameter of individual punctures and covered with small punctures in the interstices.
Metasternum 2 × as long as mesosternum. Ventral surface of abdomen with five ventrites, ventrite 1 longest, ventrites 2–4 gradually shortened, apical ventrite slightly longer than ventrite 3, with two subtriangular incisions.
Aedeagus slender, parallel-sided, slightly narrowed in middle, strongly narrowing in apical tenth, ending in pointed apex, in lateral view apex strongly bent.
Female. Length 9.6–10.4 mm, width 5.0–5.8 mm.
Antennae slightly thinner than in male, antennomere 2 shortest, antennomere 3 twice as long as second; antennomere 4 longest, 1.7 × as long as antennomeres 2 and 3 combined; apical sternite without incisions.
Distribution
China: Yunnan.
Aplosonyx duvivieri
Haplosonyx duvivieri Jacoby, 1900, 7: 130.
Aplosonyx duvivieri:
Type specimen examined
♀, syntype of Haplosonyx duvivieri Jacoby; Andrewes Bequest; B.M.1922-221;
Additional specimen examined
♂, China, Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna, Menga; 29 May. 1958; Shuyong Wang leg.; IOZ(E)1566284.
Diagnosis
This species can be distinguished from other Chinese species by yellow body, antennae, legs, labrum, and mandible black, and dense punctures on the elytra. This species differs from A. flavipennis in the head, pronotum, scutellum, and ventral surface of the thorax all being yellow.
Redescription
Male. Length 8.9 mm, width 4.4 mm.
Body yellow; antennae, legs, labrum, and mandibles black.
Vertex covered with punctures. Interocular space 2.5 × as wide as transverse diameter of eye. Interantennal space 1.5 × as wide as transverse diameter of antennal socket. Frontal tubercles transverse, each separated by a deep furrow; antennae slender, extended to the middle of the elytra, 0.7 × as long as body; antennomeres 1–3 shiny; antennomeres 4–11 covered with pubescence, antennomere 2 shortest, antennomere 3 approximately 1.8 × as long as second; antennomere 4 longest, approximately 1.5 × as long as antennomeres 2 and 3 combined; antennomeres 5–10 gradually shortened, shorter than antennomere 4; antennomere 11 slightly longer than antennomere 10, pointed.
Pronotum approximately 2 × as wide as long, lateral border margined, widest at posterior corners; disc with deep transverse furrow, covered with large punctures in furrow and with sparsely small punctures in other parts of pronotum.
Scutellum triangular, covered with fine punctures.
Elytra wider than pronotum, 0.7 × as long as body, 1.65 × as long as wide, with lateral margins straight and almost parallel, epipleura wide at anterior 1/4, posteriorly gradually narrowing towards apex, dorsal surface slightly convex, regularly covered with large deep punctures, the interstices of punctures narrower than diameter of punctures, and covered with small punctures in interstices.
Metasternum 2 × as long as mesosternum. Ventral surface of abdomen with five ventrites, ventrite 1 longest, ventrites 2–4 gradually shortened, apical ventrite slightly longer than ventrite 3, two subtriangular incisions.
Aedeagus slender, parallel-sided, basally widened, narrowed in middle, apex pointed, in lateral view moderately bent.
Female. Length 9.4 mm, width 4.7 mm.
Antennae slightly thinner than in male, antennomere 2 shortest, antennomere 3 twice as long as second; antennomere 4 longest, 1.7 × as long as antennomeres 2 and 3 combined; apical sternite without incisions.
Distribution
China: Yunnan; India.
Aplosonyx emeishanicus
Gallerucida emeishanica Lopatin, 2005: 877.
Aplosonyx metallicus
Chen in
Aplosonyx emeishanica:
Additional specimens examined
♂, China, Sichuan Province, Mount Emei; 18 Jun. 1955; Keren Huang leg.;
Diagnosis
This species can be distinguished from other Chinese species by the dark bluish green color of the head, pronotum, and elytra.
Redescription
Male. Length 4.4–4.8 mm, width 2.6–3.0 mm.
Head, pronotum, scutellum, and ventral surface of body green, antennae and legs brown, elytra dark bluish green with apex cupreous.
Vertex covered with several large punctures. Interocular space 2.3 × as wide as transverse diameter of eye. Interantennal space 1.4 × as wide as transverse diameter of antennal socket. Frontal tubercles transverse, each separated by a deep furrow; antennae slender, 0.85 × as long as body; antennomeres 1–3 shiny; antennomeres 4–11 covered with pubescence, antennomere 2 shortest, antennomere 3 approximately 1.6 × as long as second; antennomere 4 longest, approximately 1.2 × as long as antennomeres 2 and 3 combined; antennomeres 5–10 gradually shortened, shorter than antennomere 4; antennomere 11 slightly longer than antennomere 10, pointed.
Pronotum approximately 1.6 × as wide as long, lateral border margined, widest at anterior 1/3, disc with transverse furrow, finely covered with punctures, only with several large punctures in furrow.
Scutellum triangular, smooth, impunctate.
Elytra wider than pronotum, 0.8 × as long as body, 1.65 × as long as wide, epipleura wide at anterior 1/3, posteriorly gradually narrowing towards apex, dorsal surface slightly convex, regularly covered with punctures, partially arranged in ten rows in each elytron, interstices between punctures approximately 3.5 × as wide as diameter of individual punctures and lightly covered with small punctures.
Metasternum 2 × as long as mesosternum. Ventral surface of abdomen with five ventrites, ventrite 1 longest, ventrites 2–4 gradually shortened, apical ventrite slightly longer than ventrite 3, with two subtriangular incisions.
Aedeagus slender, parallel-sided, basally widened, middle narrowed, apex pointed, in lateral view base and apex slightly bent.
Female. Length 4.4–5.0 mm, width 2.5–3.0 mm.
Antennae slightly thinner than in male, antennomere 2 shortest, antennomere 3 approximately 1.2 × as long as second; antennomere 4 longest, 1.5 × as long as antennomeres 2 and 3 combined; apical sternite without incisions.
Distribution
China: Sichuan.
Aplosonyx flavipennis
Aplosonyx flavipennis Chen, 1964: 203.
Type specimens examined
Holotype
: ♂, China, Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna, Menghun; 750 m a. s. l.; 3 Jun. 1958;
Paratype
: ♂, China, Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna, Menga; 1050 m a. s. l.; 7 Jun. 1958; Shuyong Wang leg.;
Allotype
: ♀, China, Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna, Mengzhe; 870 m a. s. l.; 7 Jul. 1958; Shuyong Wang leg.;
Additional specimens examined
♀, China, Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna, Menga; 1050 m a. s. l.; 7 Jun. 1958; Shuyong Wang leg.;
Diagnosis
This species can be distinguished from other Chinese species by its black head and pronotum, and the elytra without any spots. This species differs from A. duvivieri in the color of the head, pronotum, scutellum, and ventral surface of thorax being black.
Redescription
Male. Length 8.8–10.8 mm, width 4.8–6.0 mm.
Head, antennae, pronotum, scutellum, leg, and ventral surface of thorax black, elytra and abdomen yellow.
Vertex finely covered with punctures. Interocular space 2 × as wide as transverse diameter of eye. Interantennal space 1.5 × as wide as transverse diameter of antennal socket. Frontal tubercles transverse, distinctly raised, each separated by a deep furrow; antennae slender, 0.75 × as long as body; antennomeres 1–3 shiny; antennomeres 4–11 covered with pubescence, antennomere 2 shortest, antennomere 3 approximately 1.4 × as long as second; antennomere 4 longest, approximately 1.8 × as long as antennomeres 2 and 3 combined; antennomeres 5–10 gradually shortened, shorter than antennomere 4; antennomere 11 slightly longer than antennomere 10, pointed.
Pronotum approximately 1.8 × as wide as long, lateral border margined, widest at posterior corners; disc with deep transverse furrow, closely covered with large punctures in furrow and sparsely with small punctures in other parts of pronotum, the interstices of punctures equal to diameter of individual punctures in furrow, and smooth, impunctate in middle of furrow.
Scutellum triangular, finely covered with punctures.
Elytra: wider than pronotum, 0.8 × as long as body, 1.7 × as long as wide, epipleura moderately wide at anterior 1/4, posteriorly gradually narrowing towards apex, dorsal surface slightly convex, regularly covered with large and deep punctures, partially arranged in twenty rows in each elytron, the interstices between punctures wider than the diameter of individual punctures, approximately 2 × as wide as diameter of punctures and lightly covered with small punctures in the interstices.
Metasternum 2 × as long as mesosternum. Ventral surface of abdomen with five ventrites, ventrite 1 longest, ventrites 2–4 gradually shortened, apical ventrite slightly longer than ventrite 4, with two subtriangular incisions.
Aedeagus slender, parallel-sided, basally widened, narrowed in middle, apex distinctly pointed, in lateral view base and apex distinctly bent.
Female. Length 9.0–10.2 mm, width 4.8–5.5 mm.
Antennae slightly thinner than in male, antennomere 2 shortest, antennomere 3 1.6 × as long as second; antennomere 4 longest, 2 × as long as antennomeres 2 and 3 combined; apical sternite without incisions.
Distribution. China: Yunnan.
Aplosonyx fulvescens , stat. nov.
Aplosonyx ancora fulvescens Chen, 1964: 204.
Type specimens examined
Holotype
: ♂, China, Hainan Province; 25 Mar. 1934;
Paratype
: ♂, same data as for preceding; IOZ(E)215622. ♀, China, Fujian Province, Fuzhou;
Additional specimens examined
♀, China, Hainan Province, Bawangling; 9 Apr. 1984;
Diagnosis
Redescription
Male. Length 10.6–12.6 mm, width 5.8–6.8 mm.
Head, pronotum, abdomen and leg yellow, elytra reddish brown, antennae brown with antennomeres 1–3 yellow, scutellum black, ventral surface of thorax black with yellow middle, pronotum with 1 small black spot in base, elytra with a broad purplish band from anterior to middle, which extends forward along suture and expends again on base.
Vertex finely covered with punctures. Interocular space 2.2 × as wide as transverse diameter of eye. Interantennal space 1.4 × as wide as transverse diameter of antennal socket. Frontal tubercles transverse, distinctly raised, each separated by a deep furrow; antennae slender, 0.65 × as long as body; antennomeres 1–3 shiny; antennomeres 4–11 covered with pubescence, antennomere 2 shortest, antennomere 3 approximately 1.5 × as long as second; antennomere 4 longest, approximately 1.5 × as long as antennomeres 2 and 3 combined; antennomeres 5–10 gradually shortened, shorter than antennomere 4; antennomere 11 slightly longer than antennomere 10, pointed.
Pronotum approximately 2 × as wide as long, lateral border margined, widest at posterior corners, disc with transverse furrow, sparsely covered with several large punctures, the interstices of punctures equal to diameter of individual punctures.
Scutellum triangular, finely covered with punctures.
Elytra wider than pronotum, 0.78 × as long as body, 1.65 × as long as wide, epipleura wide at anterior 1/4, posteriorly gradually narrowing towards apex, dorsal surface slightly convex, irregularly covered with punctures, the interstices of punctures equal to diameter of individual punctures and lightly covered with small punctures in the interstices.
Metasternum 2 × as long as mesosternum. Ventral surface of abdomen with five ventrites, ventrite 1 longest, ventrites 2–4 gradually shortened, apical ventrite slightly longer than ventrite 3, two subtriangular incisions.
Aedeagus slender, basally widened, apex slightly pointed, in lateral view apex bent.
Female. Length 10.8–12.4 mm, width 6.0–6.8 mm.
Antennae slightly thinner than in male, antennomere 2 shortest, antennomere 3 longer than antennomere 2, approximately 1.8 × as long as second; antennomere 4 longest, 1.6 × as long as antennomeres 2 and 3 combined; apical sternite without incisions.
Distribution
China: Fujian, Hainan.
Aplosonyx gancuicus
Galerucida [sic!] gancuica Chen, 1942: 38.
Gallerucida gancuica:
Aplosonyx gancuica: Xu, Nie and Yang 2022: 52.
Type specimen examined
Holotype
: ♂, China, Gansu Province; 8 May 1919;
Diagnosis
This species can be distinguished from other species by the elytra with a broad black band at the side, which extends along the lateral margin of each elytron, and three black spots on each side of the suture.
Redescription
Male. Length 6.1 mm, width 3.6 mm.
Head, antennae, pronotum, scutellum, legs, and ventral surface of body black, elytra yellow, each elytron with a broad black band and three black spots.
Vertex sparsely covered with punctures. Interocular space 2 × as wide as transverse diameter of eye. Interantennal space 1.8 × as wide as transverse diameter of antennal socket. Frontal tubercles transverse and raised, each separated by a deep furrow; antennae slender, antennomeres 1–3 shiny; antennomeres 4–8 covered with pubescence, antennomere 2 shortest, antennomere 3 approximately 1.5 × as long as second; antennomere 4 longest, approximately 1.5 × as long as antennomeres 2 and 3 combined; antennomeres 5–8 gradually shortened, shorter than antennomere 4.
Pronotum 1.8 × as wide as long, lateral border margined, widest at posterior corners, disc with sparse punctures.
Scutellum triangular, finely covered with punctures.
Elytra: wider than pronotum, 0.7 × as long as body, 1.6 × as long as wide, epipleura moderately wide at anterior 1/3, posteriorly gradually narrowing towards apex, dorsal surface slightly convex, covered with large deep punctures, partially arranged in ten rows in each elytron, the interstices between punctures wider than diameter of individual punctures, approximately 2 × as wide as the diameter of individual punctures and lightly covered with small punctures in interstices.
Metasternum 2 × as long as mesosternum. Ventral surface of abdomen with five ventrites, ventrite 1 longest, ventrites 2–4 gradually shortened, apical ventrite slightly longer than ventrite 3, with two subtriangular incisions.
Aedeagus slender, parallel-sided, apically pointed, in lateral view moderately wavy in apex.
Distribution
China: Gansu.
Aplosonyx nigriceps
Aplosonyx nigriceps Yang, 1995: 91.
Type specimens examined
Holotype
: ♂, China, Hubei Province, Lichuan; 1300 m a. s. l.; 23 Jul. 1989; Shuyong Wang leg.;
Allotype
: ♀, China, Hubei Province, Lichuan, Xingdou Mt; 810 m a. s. l.; 22 Jul. 1989; Shuyong Wang leg.;
Paratype
: 1♂1♀, China, Hubei Province, Lichuan; 1300 m a. s. l.; 23 Jul. 1989; Shuyong Wang leg.;
Diagnosis
This species can be distinguished from other species by its black pronotum, and each elytron with five black spots: one at the base near the scutellum, a pair in the middle, and apically two spots which are connected. This species differs from A. omeiensis in having a black head and pronotum, the abdomen yellowish brown, and the shape of the spots on the elytra.
Redescription
Male. Length 4.5–5.0 mm, width 2.7–3.2 mm.
Head, pronotum and scutellum black, antennae, ventral surface of the thorax and legs brown, abdomen yellowish brown, elytra yellow, each elytron with five black spots, one at base near scutellum, a pair in the middle, and a pair of apical spots which are connected.
Vertex finely and sparsely covered with punctures. Interocular space 2.1 × as wide as transverse diameter of eye. Interantennal space 1.5 × as wide as transverse diameter of antennal socket. Frontal tubercles transverse, each separated by a deep furrow; antennae slender, 0.75 × as long as body; antennomeres 1–3 shiny; antennomeres 4–11 covered with pubescence, antennomeres 2 and 3 shortest, antennomere 3 nearly equal in length and shape to antennomere 2, antennomere 4 longest, approximately 1.5 × as long as antennomeres 2 and 3 combined; antennomeres 5–10 gradually shortened, shorter than antennomere 4; antennomere 11 slightly longer than 10, pointed.
Pronotum 1.9 × as wide as long, lateral border margined, widest at anterior 1/3; disc with deep transverse furrow, less distinct in middle; closely covered with large punctures in furrow and with sparsely small punctures in other parts of pronotum.
Scutellum triangular, finely covered with punctures.
Elytra: wider than pronotum, 0.7 × as long as body, 1.5 × as long as wide, epipleura wide at anterior 1/3, posteriorly gradually narrowing towards apex, dorsal surface slightly convex, regularly covered with large and deep punctures, partially arranged in ten rows in each elytron, the interstices between punctures wider than diameter of individual punctures, approximately 2.5 × as wide as the diameter of individual punctures and lightly covered with small punctures in interstices.
Metasternum 2 × as long as mesosternum. Ventral surface of abdomen with five ventrites, ventrite 1 longest, ventrites 2–4 gradually shortened, apical ventrite slightly longer than ventrite 3, with two subtriangular incisions.
Aedeagus slender, parallel-sided, basally widened, apically pointed, in lateral view moderately bent.
Female. Length 4.6–5.0 mm, width 2.8–3.2 mm.
Antennae slightly thinner than in male, without short hairs, antennomere 4 longest, approximately 1.2 × as long as antennomeres 2 and 3 combined; apical sternite without incisions.
Distribution
China: Hubei, Sichuan.
Aplosonyx omeiensis
Aplosonyx pictus omeiensis Chen, 1942: 40.
Aplosonyx omeiensis:
Type specimens examined
Paratypes
: 2♂♂3♀♀, China, Sichuan Province, Mount Emei, Sep. 1912;
Additional specimens examined
♂, China, Sichuan Province, Mount Emei, Jiulaodong; 1800 m a. s. l.; 7 Jul. 1957; Fuxing Zhu leg.;
Diagnosis
This species can be distinguished from other species by the pronotum with a black spot, each elytron with five black spots, the middle and apex with one pair of spots, and one spot at the base. This species differs from A. nigriceps in having a black abdomen with pale margins.
Redescription
Male. Length 4.6–4.8 mm, width 2.6–2.8 mm.
Head, antennae, pronotum, elytra and leg yellow, vertex, scutellum and ventral surface of the body black, abdomen with pale margins, pronotum with a black spot in middle, each elytron with five black spots, middle and apex with one pair of spots, and base with one spot.
Vertex finely and sparsely covered with punctures. Interocular space 2 × as wide as transverse diameter of eye. Interantennal space 1.5 × as wide as transverse diameter of antennal socket. Frontal tubercles transverse, each separated by a deep furrow; antennae slender, 0.7 × as long as body; antennomeres 1–3 shiny; antennomeres 4–11 covered with pubescence, antennomere 2 shortest, antennomere 3 twice as long as second; antennomere 4 longest, approximately 1.2 × as long as antennomeres 2 and 3 combined; antennomeres 5–10 gradually shortened, shorter than antennomere 4; antennomere 11 slightly longer than antennomere 10, pointed.
Pronotum 1.8 × as wide as long, lateral border margined, widest at anterior 1/3; disc with deep transverse furrow, covered with several punctures in furrow and with sparsely small punctures in other parts of pronotum.
Scutellum triangular, finely covered with punctures.
Elytra wider than pronotum, 0.7 × as long as body, 1.6 × as long as wide, epipleura wide at anterior 1/3, posteriorly gradually narrowing towards apex; dorsal surface slightly convex, covered with punctures in irregular rows, the interstices 2 × as wide as diameter of punctures and slightly covered with fine punctuation.
Metasternum 2 × as long as mesosternum. Ventral surface of abdomen with five ventrites, ventrite 1 longest, ventrites 2–4 gradually shortened, apical ventrite slightly longer than ventrite 3, with two subtriangular incisions.
Aedeagus slender, parallel-sided, slightly narrowed in middle, basally widened, apex pointed, in lateral view slightly bent.
Female. Length 4.4–4.8 mm, width 2.6–3.0 mm.
Antennae slightly thinner than in male, antennomere 2 shortest, antennomere 3 approximately 1.5 × as long as second; antennomere 4 longest, 1.5 × as long as antennomeres 2 and 3 combined; apical sternite without incisions.
Distribution
China: Sichuan.
Aplosonyx orientalis
Haplosonyx orientalis Jacoby, 1892: 962.
Haplosonyx varipes
Jacoby, 1892: 964. Synonymized by
Sphenoraia tonkinensis
Laboissière, 1922: 102. Synonymized by
Aplosonyx orientalis:
Type specimen examined
♀ Syntype of Haplosonyx varipes: Haplosonyx varipes Jac.; Malewoon (Tenasserim)L. Fea. VII. VIII. 87; Jacoby Coll. 1909-28a.; Type H. T.;
Additional specimens examined
8♂♂7♀♀, China, Guangdong Province, Enping Qixingkeng; 22 Jun. 2022; Chuan Feng leg.; IZGAS. 4♂♂6♀♀, China, Guangxi Province, Maoershan; 25 Aug. 2020; IZGAS. ♂, China, Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna, Menghun; 1200 m a. s. l.; 24 May 1958; Xuwu Meng leg.;
Diagnosis
This species can be distinguished from other species by the antennae with first antennomere yellow, and antennomeres 2–11 black; the legs are black with yellow femurs. This species differs from A. cinctus in having the aedeagus widened towards middle, in lateral view moderately bent.
Redescription
Male. Length 9.5–10.4 mm, width 5.0–5.8 mm.
Head, pronotum, elytra, scutellum, and abdomen yellow; antennae black with first antennomere yellow; ventral surface of thorax black and in middle area yellow; legs black with femur, inner sides of tibiae, coxae and trochanters are yellow.
Vertex finely covered with punctures. Interocular space 2 × as wide as transverse diameter of eye. Interantennal space 1.5 × as wide as transverse diameter of antennal socket. Frontal tubercles transverse, each separated by a deep furrow; antennae slender, 0.75 × as long as body; antennomeres 1–3 shiny; antennomeres 4–11 covered with pubescence, antennomere 2 shortest, antennomere 3 approximately 1.8 × as long as second; antennomere 4 longest, approximately 1.4 × as long as antennomeres 2 and 3 combined; antennomeres 5–10 gradually shortened, shorter than antennomere 4; antennomere 11 slightly longer than antennomere 10, pointed.
Pronotum approximately 2 × as wide as long, lateral border margined, widest at posterior corners; disc with deep transverse furrow, closely covered with large punctures in furrow and with sparse small punctures in other parts of pronotum, in furrow the interstices between the punctures equal to diameter of individual punctures.
Scutellum triangular, finely covered with punctures.
Elytra: wider than pronotum, 0.75 × as long as body, 1.55 × as long as wide, epipleura wide at anterior 1/4, posteriorly gradually narrowing towards apex, dorsal surface slightly convex, regularly covered with large and deep punctures, partially arranged in twenty rows in each elytron, the interstices of the punctures in rows approximately 2 × as wide as diameter of punctures and slightly covered with fine punctuation.
Metasternum 2 × as long as mesosternum. Ventral surface of abdomen with five ventrites, ventrite 1 longest, ventrites 2–4 gradually shortened, apical ventrite slightly longer than ventrite 3, with two subtriangular incisions.
Aedeagus gradually widening from base to middle, gradually narrowing from middle towards apex, at one tenth from apex strongly narrowing, ending in a pointed apex. in lateral view moderately bent, with distinctly bent apex.
Female. Length 9.2–10.5 mm, width 4.8–5.6 mm.
Antennae slightly thinner than in male, antennomere 2 shortest, antennomere 3 longer than antennomere 2, twice as long as second; antennomere 4 longest, 1.6 × as long as antennomeres 2 and 3 combined; apical sternite without incisions.
Distribution
China: Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan; Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, Myanmar, India.
Aplosonyx ornatus
Haplosonyx ornata Jacoby, 1892: 963.
Aplosonyx ornata: Maulik, 1936: 622.
Type specimen examined
♂ Haploson. ornata Jac.; Carin Chebà, 900–1100 m, L. Fea V XII-88; Jacoby Coll., 1909-28a.; syntype, NHMUK014596214.
Additional specimens examined
♀, China, Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna, Menga; 1050 m a. s. l.; 17 May 1958; Shuyong Wang leg.;
Diagnosis
This species can be distinguished from the other species by its black pronotum and yellow elytra with a broad blackish band in the middle, which extends along the suture and onto the base.
Redescription
Male. Length 4.6–5.4 mm, width 3.0–3.4 mm.
Head, antennae, pronotum, scutellum ventral surface of body black or brown; elytra yellow with a broad blackish band in middle, which extends along suture and expends on base.
Vertex finely covered with punctures. Interocular space 1.6 × as wide as transverse diameter of eye. Interantennal space 1.2 × as wide as transverse diameter of antennal socket. Frontal tubercles distinctly raised, hook-like, each separated by a deep furrow; antennae slender, 0.75 × as long as body; antennomeres 1–3 shiny; antennomeres 4–11 covered with pubescence, antennomere 2 shortest, antennomere 3 approximately 1.6 × as long as second; antennomere 4 longest, approximately 1.5 × as long as antennomeres 2 and 3 combined; antennomeres 5–10 gradually shortened, shorter than antennomere 4; antennomere 11 slightly longer than antennomere 10, pointed.
Pronotum approximately 1.5 × as wide as long, lateral border margined, widest at posterior corners; disc with deep transverse furrow, sparsely covered with large punctures in furrow.
Scutellum triangular, finely covered with punctures.
Elytra wider than pronotum, 0.75 × as long as body, 1.8 × as long as wide, epipleura wide at anterior 1/3, posteriorly gradually narrowing towards apex, dorsal surface slightly convex, regularly covered with large and deep punctures, partially arranged in ten rows in each elytron, the interstices between punctures wider than diameter of individual punctures, 2 × as wide as the diameter of individual punctures and lightly covered with small punctures in interstices.
Metasternum 2 × as long as the mesosternum. Ventral surface of abdomen with five ventrites, ventrite 1 longest, ventrites 2–4 gradually shortened, apical ventrite slightly longer than ventrite 3, with two subtriangular incisions.
Aedeagus slender, parallel-sided, basally widened, middle slightly narrowed, apex pointed, in lateral view obviously bent.
Female. Length 4.8–5.5 mm, width 2.8–3.2 mm.
Antennae slightly thinner than in male, antennomere 2 shortest, antennomere 3 longer than antennomere 2, twice as long as second; antennomere 4 longest, 1.6 × as long as antennomeres 2 and 3 combined; apical sternite without incisions.
Distribution
China: Yunnan; Laos, Myanmar.
Aplosonyx pictus
Aplosonyx pictus Chen, 1942: 39.
Sphenoraia picta:
Aplosonyx pictus:
Type specimens examined
Holotype
: ♂, China, Gansu Province; 8 May 1919;
Paratype
: ♂, China, Gansu Province; 8 May 1919;
Additional specimens examined
♂, China, Gansu Province, Qinghe; 1400 m a. s. l.; 7 Jul. 1999; Jian Yao leg.;
Diagnosis
This species can be distinguished from other species by each elytron with two longitudinal black stripes, and the apex with one black spot. This species differs from A. tianpingshanensis in the aedeagus apex being distinctly pointed; in lateral view the apex is moderately bent.
Redescription
Male. Length 4.6–4.9 mm, width 2.5–3.0 mm.
Head, antennae, pronotum, elytra and leg yellow, vertex, scutellum, and ventral surface of the body black, pronotum with a black spot in middle, each elytron with two longitudinal black stripes, and apex with one black spot.
Vertex finely and sparsely covered with punctures. Interocular space 1.5 × as wide as transverse diameter of eye. Interantennal space 1.2 × as wide as transverse diameter of antennal socket. Frontal tubercles transverse, each separated by a deep furrow; antennae slender, 0.7 × as long as body; antennomeres 1–3 shiny; antennomeres 4–11 covered with pubescence, antennomeres 2 and 3 shortest, antennomere 3 nearly equal in length and shape to antennomere 2, antennomere 4 longest, approximately 1.8 × as long as antennomeres 2 and 3 combined; antennomeres 5–10 gradually shortened, shorter than antennomere 4; antennomere 11 slightly longer than antennomere 10, pointed.
Pronotum 1.8 × as wide as long, lateral border margined, widest at posterior corners; disc with deep transverse furrow, covered with closely large punctures in furrow and with sparsely small punctures in other parts of pronotum.
Scutellum triangular, with rounded apex, smooth, impunctate.
Elytra: wider than pronotum, 0.75 × as long as body, 1.65 × as long as wide, epipleura wide at anterior 1/3, posteriorly gradually narrowing towards apex, dorsal surface slightly convex, regularly covered with large and deep punctures, partially arranged in ten rows in each elytron, the interstices of punctures in rows wider than diameter of punctures, approximately 2 × as wide as diameter of punctures and lightly covered with small punctures in interstices.
Metasternum 2 × as long as the mesosternum. Ventral surface of abdomen with five ventrites, ventrite 1 longest, ventrites 2–4 gradually shortened, apical ventrite slightly longer than ventrite 4, with two subtriangular incisions.
Aedeagus slender, parallel-sided, basally widened, apex distinctly pointed, in lateral view apex moderately bent.
Female. Length 4.4–5.0 mm, width 2.6–3.2 mm.
Antennae slightly thinner than in male, without short hairs, antennomere 2 shortest, antennomere 3 approximately 1.5 × as long as second; antennomere 4 longest, approximately 1.5 × as long as antennomeres 2 and 3 combined; apical sternite without incisions.
Distribution
China: Gansu, Shaanxi.
Aplosonyx robinsoni
Haplosonyx robinsoni Jacoby, 1905: 6.
Aplosonyx robinsoni:
Type specimen examined
♂ Syntype of Haplosonyx robinsoni Siamese Malay States. Nawngchik: Bukit Besar. 2500 ft. May 1901. Coll. N. Annandale and H. C. Robinson. No; Jacoby Coll. 1909-28a. NHMUK015014023.
Additional specimens examined
♀, China, Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna, Mengzhe; 870 m a. s. l.; 11 Jul. 1958; Shuyong Wang leg.;
Diagnosis
This species can be distinguished from other species by the yellow body, black legs, and yellow antennae with the apical two or three antennomeres black.
Redescription
Male. Length 9.8–13.0 mm, width 6.5–7.4 mm.
Head, pronotum, scutellum, and elytra yellow; legs and ventral surface of the body black; antennae yellow with apical two or three antennomeres black.
Vertex finely covered with punctures. Interocular space 1.5 × as wide as transverse diameter of eye. Interantennal space 1.7 × as wide as transverse diameter of antennal socket. Frontal tubercles transverse, each separated by a deep furrow; antennae slender, 0.7 × as long as body; antennomeres 1–3 shiny; antennomeres 4–11 covered with pubescence, antennomere 2 shortest, antennomere 3 twice as long as second; antennomere 4 longest, 2 × as long as antennomeres 2 and 3 combined; antennomeres 5–10 gradually shortened, shorter than antennomere 4; antennomere 11 slightly longer than antennomere 10, pointed.
Pronotum approximately 2 × as wide as long, lateral border margined, widest at posterior corners; disc with deep transverse furrow, closely covered with large punctures in furrow and sparsely with small punctures in other parts of pronotum, the interstices of punctures equal to diameter of individual punctures in furrow, smooth and impunctate in middle of furrow.
Scutellum triangular, finely covered with punctures.
Elytra: wider than pronotum, 0.8 × as long as body, 1.7 × as long as wide, epipleura wide at anterior 1/4, posteriorly gradually narrowing towards apex, dorsal surface slightly convex, regularly covered with large and deep punctures, partially arranged in twenty rows in each elytron, the interstices of punctures wider than diameter of individual punctures, approximately 2 × as wide as diameter of punctures and lightly covered with small punctures in interstices.
Metasternum 2 × as long as the mesosternum. Ventral surface of abdomen with five ventrites, ventrite 1 longest, ventrites 2–4 gradually shortened, apical ventrite slightly longer than ventrite 3, with two subtriangular incisions.
Aedeagus slender, parallel-sided, basally widened, apex distinctly pointed, in lateral view base and apex moderately bent.
Female. Length 10.2–12.8 mm, width 6.6–7.2 mm.
Antennae slightly thinner than in male, antennomere 2 shortest, antennomere 3 twice as long as second; antennomere 4 longest, 1.6 × as long as antennomeres 2 and 3 combined; apical sternite without incisions.
Variability
The syntype studied has different coloration, antennae with antennomeres 1–3 yellow, ventral surface of the body, coxae, and trochanters yellow.
Distribution
China: Yunnan; Thailand, Myanmar, Malaysia, Indonesia.
Aplosonyx rufipennis
Haplosonyx rufipennis Duvivier, 1892: 439.
Aplosonyx rufipennis: Laboissière 1934: 110.
Aplosonyx rubra
Maulik, 1936: 620. Synonymized by
Type specimen examined
♂ Syntype of Aplosonyx rubra: Doherty, 64478, Birmah Ruby Mes; Fry Coll., 1905. 100; Aplosonyx rubra M.; S. Maulik; Type 1935, NHMUK015014024.
Additional specimens examined
♀, China, Yunnan Province, Pingbian; 700 m a. s. l.; 29 Jun. 1956; Bangfeiluofu leg.;
Diagnosis
This species can be distinguished from other species by its black head and pronotum, and the reddish brown elytra without any spots.
Redescription
Male. Length 8.4–10.6 mm, width 5.2–6.0 mm.
Head, antennae, pronotum, scutellum and leg black, elytra reddish brown, ventral surface of thorax yellow with lateral area black, abdomen yellow.
Vertex finely covered with punctures. Interocular space 1.6 × as wide as transverse diameter of eye. Interantennal space 1.5 × as wide as transverse diameter of antennal socket. Frontal tubercles transverse, each separated by a deep furrow; antennae slender, 0.65 × as long as body; antennomeres 1–3 shiny; antennomeres 4–11 covered with pubescence, antennomere 2 shortest, antennomere 3 approximately 1.5 × as long as second; antennomere 4 longest, approximately 1.8 × as long as antennomeres 2 and 3 combined; antennomeres 5–10 gradually shortened, shorter than antennomere 4; antennomere 11 slightly longer than antennomere 10, pointed.
Pronotum 1.8 × as wide as long, lateral border margined, widest at posterior corners; disc with deep transverse furrow, less distinct, smooth and impunctate in middle; covered with several large punctures in furrow and with sparsely small punctures in other parts of pronotum.
Scutellum triangular, finely covered with punctures.
Elytra: wider than pronotum, 0.75 × as long as body, 1.65 × as long as wide, epipleura wide at anterior 1/4, posteriorly gradually narrowing towards apex, dorsal surface convex slightly, covered with large punctures regularly, partially arranged in ten rows in each elytron, the interstices of punctures wider than diameter of punctures, approximately 2 × as wide as diameter of punctures, covered with small punctures.
Metasternum 2 × as long as the mesosternum. Ventral surface of abdomen with five ventrites, ventrite 1 longest, ventrites 2–4 gradually shortened, apical ventrite slightly longer than ventrite 3, with two subtriangular incisions.
Aedeagus slender, parallel-sided, basally widened, narrowed in middle, apex round with slightly pointed, in lateral view base and apex slightly bent.
Female. Length 9.2–10.5 mm, width 4.8–5.6 mm.
Antennomere 2 shortest, antennomere 3 longer than antennomere 2, twice as long as second; antennomere 4 longest, slightly long than antennomeres 2 and 3 combined; apical sternite without incisions.
Distribution
China: Shanghai, Yunnan; Vietnam, India.
Aplosonyx sublaevicollis
Haplosonyx sublaevicollis Jacoby, 1889: 218.
Aplosonyx sublaevicollis:
Additional specimens examined
♂, China, Yunnan Province, Xishuangbanna, Xiaomengyang; 850 m a. s. l.; 25 Jun. 1957; Lingchao Zang leg.;
Diagnosis
This species can be distinguished from other Chinese species by its purplish blue elytra, and the apex of the pronotum without a raised area. This species differs from A. chalybeus in the pronotum being widest at its posterior corners.
Redescription
Male. Length 9.0–10.8 mm, width 4.8–5.2 mm.
Head, antennae, pronotum, scutellum and ventral surface of body yellow, legs brown with femur yellow, elytra purplish blue.
Vertex covered with several large punctures. Interocular space 1.65 × as wide as transverse diameter of eye. Interantennal space 1.4 × as wide as transverse diameter of antennal socket. Frontal tubercles distinctly raised, hook-like, each separated by a deep furrow; antennae slender, 0.75 × as long as body; antennomeres 1–3 shiny; antennomeres 4–11 covered with pubescence, antennomere 2 shortest, antennomere 3 twice as long as second; antennomere 4 longest, approximately 1.8 × as long as antennomeres 2 and 3 combined; antennomeres 5–10 gradually shortened, shorter than antennomere 4; antennomere 11 slightly longer than antennomere 10, pointed.
Pronotum approximately 2 × as wide as long, lateral border margined, widest at posterior corners; middle of disc with transverse furrow; closely covered with large punctures in furrow and with sparsely small punctures in other parts of pronotum.
Scutellum triangular, smooth, impunctate.
Elytra: wider than pronotum, 0.8 × as long as body, 1.7 × as long as wide, epipleura wide at anterior 1/4, posteriorly gradually narrowing towards apex, dorsal surface slightly convex, irregularly covered with large punctures, the interstices of punctures wider than diameter of individual punctures, approximately 2 × as wide as diameter of individual punctures and lightly covered with small punctures in interstices.
Metasternum 2 × as long as the mesosternum. Ventral surface of abdomen with five ventrites, ventrite 1 longest, ventrites 2–4 gradually shortened, apical ventrite slightly longer than ventrite 3, with two subtriangular incisions.
Aedeagus slender, parallel-sided, basally widened, narrowed in middle, apex distinctly pointed, in lateral view base and apex distinctly bent.
Female. Length 8.8–10.6 mm, width 4.6–5.4 mm.
Antennae slightly thinner than in male, antennomere 2 shortest, antennomere 3 approximately 1.5 × as long as second; antennomere 4 longest, 1.5 × as long as antennomeres 2 and 3 combined; apical sternite without incisions.
Distribution
China: Yunnan; Laos; Thailand; Myanmar; Malaysia; Indonesia.
Aplosonyx tianpingshanensis
Aplosonyx tianpingshanensis Yang, 1995: 91.
Type specimens examined
Holotype
: ♂, China, Hunan Province, Sangzhi, Tianping Mt; 1640 m a. s. l.; 13 Aug. 1988; Xingke Yang leg.;
Paratype
: ♀, same data as for holotype. ♀, China, Hubei Province, Hefeng, Fenshuiling; 1250 m a. s. l.; 3 Aug. 1989; Xiaochun Zhang leg.;
Additional specimen examined
♀, China, Hunan Province, Sangzhi, Tianping Mt; 1640 m a. s. l.; 14 Aug. 1988; Xingke Yang leg.;
Diagnosis
This species can be distinguished from the other Chinese species by each elytron having two broad longitudinal black stripes, and the apex with two black spots. This species differs from A. pictus in the aedeagus being slightly narrowed in the middle, and the apex widened.
Redescription
Male. Length 5.0–5.3 mm, width 3.0–3.2 mm.
Head, antennae, pronotum, elytra and legs yellow, vertex, scutellum and ventral surface of the body black, margin and apex of abdominal ventrite yellow, pronotum with a black spot in middle, each elytron with two longitudinal black stripes, and apex with one pair of black spots.
Vertex finely and sparsely covered with punctures. Interocular space 2 × as wide as transverse diameter of eye. Interantennal space 1.4 × as wide as transverse diameter of antennal socket. Frontal tubercles transverse, each separated by a deep furrow; antennae slender, 0.7 × as long as body; antennomeres 1–3 shiny; antennomeres 4–11 covered with pubescence, antennomere 2 shortest, antennomere 3 approximately 1.5 × as long as second; antennomere 4 longest, approximately 1.6 × as long as antennomeres 2 and 3 combined; antennomeres 5–10 gradually shortened, shorter than antennomere 4; antennomere 11 slightly longer than antennomere 10, pointed.
Pronotum approximately 1.8 × as wide as long, lateral border margined, widest at posterior corners; disc with deep transverse furrow, covered with several punctures in furrow and with sparsely small punctures in anterior angle.
Scutellum triangular, smooth, impunctate.
Elytra: wider than pronotum, 0.75 × as long as body, 1.75 × as long as wide, epipleura wide at anterior 1/3, posteriorly gradually narrowing towards apex, dorsal surface slightly convex, regularly covered with large and deep punctures, partially arranged in ten rows in each elytron, the interstices of punctures wider than diameter of punctures, approximately 2 × as wide as diameter of punctures and lightly covered with small punctures in interstices.
Metasternum 2 × as long as the mesosternum. Ventral surface of abdomen with five ventrites, ventrite 1 longest, ventrites 2–4 gradually shortened, apical ventrite slightly longer than ventrite 3, with two subtriangular incisions.
Aedeagus slender, parallel-sided, slightly narrowed in middle, basally widened, apex widened, in lateral view strongly bent.
Female. Length 5.0–5.2 mm, width 2.8–3.2 mm.
Antennae slightly thinner than in male, antennomere 2 shortest, antennomere 3 approximately 1.6 × as long as second; antennomere 4 longest, 1.4 × as long as antennomeres 2 and 3 combined; punctures densely in groove of pronotum, the interstices between punctures equal to diameter of individual punctures, apical sternite without incisions.
Distribution
China: Gansu, Shaanxi, Hunan, Hubei, Guizhou.
Aplosonyx yunlongensis
Aplosonyx yunlongensis Jiang, 1992: 664.
Type specimens examined
Holotype
: ♂, China, Yunnan Province, Yunlong, Zhiben Mt; 2250 m a. s. l.; 21 Jun. 1981; Shuyong Wang leg.;
Paratype
: ♀, China, Yunnan Province, Yunlong, Zhiben Mt; 2250 m a. s. l.; 21 Jun. 1981; Shuyong Wang leg.;
Additional specimen examined
♀, China, Yunnan Province, Yunlong, Zhiben Mt; 2250 m a. s. l.; 21 Jun. 1981; Shuyong Wang leg.;
Diagnosis
This species can be distinguished from other Chinese species by each elytron having five black spots, the pronotum with three obvious black spots. This species differs from A. omeiensis in the aedeagus being slightly widened at the middle, and the base expanded into a fan shape.
Redescription
Male. Length 5.4–5.8 mm, width 3.6–3.8 mm.
Head, antennae, pronotum, elytra, and leg yellow; vertex, scutellum, and ventral surface of the body black, apical ventrite of abdomen yellow, pronotum with three black spots, one large black spot in the middle, and one small black spot on each side; each elytron with five black spots, middle and apex with one pair of spots and base with one spot.
Vertex finely and sparsely covered with punctures. Interocular space 1.4 × as wide as transverse diameter of eye. Interantennal space 1.3 × as wide as transverse diameter of antennal socket. Frontal tubercles distinctly raised, hook-like, each separated by a deep furrow; antennae slender, 0.75 × as long as body; antennomeres 1–3 shiny; antennomeres 4–11 covered with pubescence, antennomere 2 shortest, antennomere 3 twice as long as second; antennomere 4 longest, approximately 1.6 × as long as antennomeres 2 and 3 combined; antennomeres 5–10 gradually shortened, shorter than antennomere 4; antennomere 11 slightly longer than antennomere 10, pointed.
Pronotum approximately 2 × as wide as long, lateral border margined, widest at posterior corner; disc with transverse furrow, less distinct in middle; sparsely covered with several large punctures in furrow.
Scutellum triangular, finely covered with punctures.
Elytra: wider than pronotum, 0.78 × as long as body, 1.7 × as long as wide, epipleura wide at anterior 1/3, posteriorly gradually narrowing towards apex, dorsal surface slightly convex, regularly covered with large and deep punctures, partially arranged in ten rows on each elytron, the interstices of punctures 2 × as wide as diameter of punctures and lightly covered with small punctures.
Metasternum 2 × as long as the mesosternum. Ventral surface of abdomen with five ventrites, ventrite 1 longest, ventrites 2–4 gradually shortened, apical ventrite slightly longer than ventrite 3, with two subtriangular incisions.
Aedeagus slender, slightly widened at middle, basally enlarged in a fan shape, apex pointed, in lateral view slightly bent.
Female. Length 5.6–6.0 mm, width 3.5–3.9 mm.
Antennae slightly thinner than in male, antennomere 2 shortest, antennomere 3 approximately 1.5 × as long as second; antennomere 4 longest, 1.3 × as long as antennomeres 2 and 3 combined; apical sternite without incisions.
Distribution
China: Yunnan.
Aplosonyx ancorella sp. nov.
Type material
Holotype
: ♂, China, Yunnan Province, Menga; 1100 m a. s. l.; 18 Apr. 1982; Subai Liao leg.;
Diagnosis
The new species closely resembles A. ancora and A. fulvescens. In A. ancora, the antennae with antennomeres 1–7 yellow and antennomeres 8–11 brown, abdomen with five pairs of black spots, the pronotum and elytra densely covered with large punctures, and the interstices of the punctures in the elytra are somewhat wrinkled. In A. fulvescens, the antennae with antennomeres 1–3 yellow and antennomeres 4–11 brown, the pronotum and elytra are sparsely covered with small punctures.
Description
Male. Length 10.8–12.0 mm, width 5.8–6.2 mm.
Head, pronotum, abdomen and leg yellow, elytra reddish brown, antennae with antennomeres 1–7 yellow and antennomeres 8–11 brown, scutellum black, ventral surface of thorax black with yellow middle, pronotum purple or black, with lateral margin and anterior margin yellow, elytra with a broad purplish band from anterior to middle, which extends forward along suture and expends again on base, abdomen with five pair of black spots at side on each visible sternites.
Vertex finely and sparsely covered with punctures. Interocular space 1.9 × as wide as transverse diameter of eye. Interantennal space 1.3 × as wide as transverse diameter of antennal socket. Frontal tubercles transverse, each separated by a deep furrow; antennae slender, 0.7 × as long as body; antennomeres 1–3 shiny; antennomeres 4–11 with short hairs, antennomere 2 shortest, antennomere 3 approximately 1.5 × as long as second; antennomere 4 longest, approximately 2 × as long as antennomeres 2 and 3 combined; antennomeres 5–10 gradually shortened, shorter than antennomere 4; antennomere 11 slightly longer than antennomere 10, pointed.
Pronotum approximately 2 × as wide as long, disc with transverse furrow, densely covered with large punctures, the interstices of punctures distinctly narrower than diameter of punctures and with sparsely small punctures in apex of pronotum.
Scutellum triangular, finely covered with punctures.
Elytra: wider than pronotum, 0.7 × as long as body, 1.5 × as long as wide, epipleura wide at anterior 1/4, posteriorly gradually narrowing towards apex, dorsal surface slightly convex, irregularly covered with large and deep punctures, the interstices of punctures narrower than diameter of punctures and lightly covered with small punctures in interstices. their interstices somewhat wrinkled.
Metasternum 2 × as long as mesosternum. Ventral surface of abdomen with five ventrite, ventrite 1 longest, ventrites 2–4 gradually shortened, apical ventrite slightly longer than ventrite 3, with two subtriangular incisions.
Aedeagus slender, parallel-sided, basally widened, apex rounded, in lateral view apex distinctly bent.
Etymology
The name refers to the similarity with Aplosonyx ancora.
Distribution
China: Yunnan.
Aplosonyx nigricornis sp. nov.
Type material
Holotype
: ♂, China, Sichuan Province, Qianjiang; 1750 m a. s. l.; 14 Jul. 1989;
Diagnosis
The new species closely resembles A. nigriceps but differs due to each elytron with five black spots in A. nigriceps; in this new species each elytron has six black spots, and the aedeagus apex is rounded.
Description
Male. Length 5.0 mm, width 3.2 mm.
Head, antennae, pronotum, scutellum, ventral surface of thorax, abdomen, and legs black, elytra yellow, each elytron with six black spots, base, middle and apex with one pair of spots.
Vertex finely and sparsely covered with punctures. Interocular space 2.1 × as wide as transverse diameter of eye. Interantennal space 1.6 × as wide as transverse diameter of antennal socket. Frontal tubercles transverse, each separated by a deep furrow; antennae slender, 0.7 × as long as body; antennomeres 1–3 shiny; antennomeres 4–11 with short hairs, antennomere 2 shortest, antennomere 3 approximately 1.2 × as long as second; antennomere 4 longest, approximately 1.5 × as long as antennomeres 2 and 3 combined; antennomeres 5–10 gradually shortened, shorter than antennomere 4; antennomere 11 slightly longer than antennomere 10, pointed.
Pronotum 2 × as wide as long, lateral border margined, widest at anterior 1/3; disc with transverse furrow, less distinct in middle; covered with several large punctures in furrow and with sparsely small punctures in other parts of pronotum.
Scutellum triangular, only on base sparsely covered with small punctures.
Elytra wider than pronotum, 0.7 × as long as body, 1.65 × as long as wide, epipleura wide at anterior 1/3, posteriorly gradually narrowing towards apex, dorsal surface slightly convex, regularly covered with large punctures, partially arranged in ten rows in each elytron, the interstices of punctures in rows approximately 2.5 × as wide as the diameter of punctures and lightly covered with small punctures in interstices.
Metasternum 2 × as long as the mesosternum. Ventral surface of abdomen with five ventrites, ventrite 1 longest, ventrites 2–4 gradually shortened, apical ventrite slightly longer than ventrite 3, two subtriangular incisions.
Aedeagus slender, parallel-sided, basally widened, apically rounded, in lateral view distinctly bent.
Etymology
The species name refers to the black antennal color.
Distribution
China: Sichuan.
Aplosonyx wudangensis sp. nov.
Type material
Holotype
: ♂, China, Hubei Province, Wudang; 15 Aug. 1984;
Diagnosis
The new species closely resembles A. yunlongensis in spots of elytra, but the pronotum of A. yunlongensis has three obvious black spots. The new species is different in that the black spots on both sides of pronotum are small and almost invisible. The new species also closely resembles A. tianpingshanensis in the aedeagus, where the apex is wide and flat in A. tianpingshanensis, while the new species is round and slightly pointed. The interstices of punctures on elytra of new species are narrower than that on the elytra of A. yunlongensis and A. tianpingshanensis.
Description
Male. Length 5.0 mm, width 3.1 mm.
Head, antennae, pronotum, elytra and leg yellow, vertex, scutellum, and ventral surface of the body black, apical ventrite of abdomen yellow, pronotum with a black spot in middle, the black spots on both sides are small and almost invisible. each elytron with five black spots, middle and apex with one pair of spots and base with one spot.
Vertex sparsely covered with punctures. Interocular space 2.1 × as wide as transverse diameter of eye. Interantennal space 1.5 × as wide as transverse diameter of antennal socket. Frontal tubercles transverse, each separated by a deep furrow; antennae slender, 0.75 × as long as body; antennomeres 1–3 shiny; antennomeres 4–11 covered with pubescence, antennomere 2 shortest, antennomere 3 slightly longer than antennomere 2, approximately 1.4 × as long as second; antennomere 4 longest, approximately 1.2 × as long as antennomeres 2 and 3 combined; antennomeres 5–10 gradually shortened, shorter than antennomere 4; antennomere 11 slightly longer than antennomere 10, pointed.
Pronotum approximately 1.8 × as wide as long, lateral border margined, widest at anterior 1/3; disc with transverse furrow, the punctures are evenly distributed on the disc.
Scutellum triangular, smooth, impunctate.
Elytra: wider than pronotum, 0.8 × as long as body, 1.6 × as long as wide, epipleura wide at anterior 1/3, posteriorly gradually narrowing towards apex, dorsal surface slightly convex, regularly covered with large and deep punctures, partially arranged in ten rows in each elytron, the interstices of punctures lightly wider than diameter of individual punctures and covered with small punctures in the interstices.
Metasternum 2 × as long as the mesosternum. Ventral surface of abdomen with five ventrites, ventrite 1 longest, ventrites 2–4 gradually shortened, apical ventrite slightly longer than ventrite 3, two subtriangular incisions.
Aedeagus slender, parallel-sided, basally widened, apex rounded, in lateral view moderately bent.
Etymology
This new species was named after the type locality.
Distribution
China: Hubei.
Acknowledgements
We thank the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, for providing the specimens. We acknowledge Prof. Derek Dunn for checking the English and giving useful comments. We acknowledge Professor Yang Yuxia (Hebei University) for helping to contact the
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