Research Article |
Corresponding author: Ryan Lumen ( rplumen@gmail.com ) Academic editor: Patrice Bouchard
© 2023 Ryan Lumen, Marcin Jan Kamiński.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Lumen R, Kamiński MJ (2023) Taxonomic revision of the genus Phylacastus Fairmaire (Tenebrionidae, Eurynotina): shortfalls of anatomical nomenclature with notes on aedeagal homology. ZooKeys 1138: 1-27. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1138.95968
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The genus Phylacastus Fairmaire (Tenebrionidae, Blaptinae, Platynotini, Eurynotina) is revised. Two new species and one new synonymy are presented along with new diagnoses, descriptions, a distribution map, and key to species. The resulting species of Phylacastus are: P. ancoralium sp. nov., P. crypticoides Koch (= P. pretoriensis Koch syn. nov.), P. makskacymirowi sp. nov., P. rhodesianus Koch, and P. striolatus Fairmaire. Lectotypes are designated for the type species, P. striolatus, to fix the taxonomic status of the species and genus. As a result of examination and subsequent description of P. ancoralium sp. nov., a brief review and treatment of aedeagal morphology is presented. The nomenclature (“clavae” versus “laciniae”) and phylogenetic occurrence of accessory structures of the paramere-median lobe area within Blaptinae Leach and Adelinina LeConte (Diaperinae, Diaperini) are discussed. New descriptive terminology (i.e., ancora [singular] and ancorae [plural]) is proposed for these aedeagal structures in Blaptinae to clarify their function and resolve past ambiguities. The morphology within representatives of Adelina Dejean, Alphitophagus Stephens, Gnatocerus Thunberg, and Sitophagus Mulsant is also briefly contrasted and outlined.
Amphidorini, clavae, Dendarini, laciniae, median lobe, parameres, Pedinini, South Africa
Eurynotina Mulsant & Rey is a subtribe of darkling beetles from Southern Africa within the tribe Platynotini Mulsant & Rey and subfamily Blaptinae Leach (
Platynotini has received attention from many generations of entomologists (
After queries to several entomological collections (see list in Materials and Methods) we identified new specimens and species of the genus. These materials provided the opportunity to test the taxonomic concepts of Phylacastus and its species. Furthermore, as one of the newly discovered species challenges
Pinned material for morphological examination of Phylacastus and other taxa was borrowed from the following institutional insect collections:
Original label data for specimens are given in quotation marks and separated by a comma. Morphological terminology follows that of Matthews at al. (2010), with additional specialized terms used for the female terminalia following
Revelation of new structures on the aedeagus of Phylacastus ancoralium sp. nov. necessitated a review of aedeagal morphology to confirm its affiliation. To this end, we performed a historical literature review, and assessed aedeagal terminology and morphology (
Phylacastus
Fairmaire, 1897: 116.
Phylacastus striolatus Fairmaire; by monotypy.
Within Eurynotina, Phylacastus largely resembles Eurynotus and Capidium Koch. All three have relatively sharp basal pronotal angles, rather than broadly rounded as is the case in the rest of Eurynotina (
Phylacastus lateral aspect photographs and close-up of apical elytral tubercles and striae A Phylacastus ancoralium lateral angle B P. ancoralium close-up of elytra apical declivity C P. rhodesianus lateral angle D P. rhodesianus close-up of elytra apical declivity E P. striolatus lateral angle F P. striolatus close-up of elytra apical declivity.
Eurynotus, the most closely affiliated genus according to
Diagnostic features of Phylacastus species A–C mentum (Median keel red, middle portion and lateral wings blue and green respectively) D–E prosternal process F–G abdominal ventrite V A, D, F Phylacastus crypticoides B P. makskacymirowi C P. rhodesianus E P. ancoralium G P. striolatus. Scale bars: 0.1 mm
Capidium can be separated from Phylacastus most reliably via the structure of the prosternal process and abdominal ventrite V (prosternal process rounded and not produced in Capidium, angular and produced in Phylacastus (
Length 4–8 mm. Shining to dull; colored tenebrous; reddish to dark brown/black. Head: epistoma with well-defined median notch. Transition between clypeus and frons gradual and smooth along lateral edge, or with slight depression. Coarsely punctate, punctures large and closely spaced, separated by ≤ 1 feature diameter. Mentum with enlarged, ventrally projecting middle portion parallel-sided to slightly narrowing apically with reduced/slightly hidden lateral wings. Gula with stridulatory file. Eye constricted in middle and reniform, with strong to weakly impressed sulcus situated around posterior perimeter of dorsal lobe. Antennae with 11 antennomeres, terminal members forming weak club. Prothorax: pronotum base straight, with basal angles roundly produced. Without lateral depression or flattening along margins. Hypomeron at most only finely sculptured and finely punctured, dull to shining. Prosternal process angulate in lateral view, weakly produced or rounded at apex, with clear sulcus running perimeter, projecting at most only weakly toward midcoxae. Pterothorax: scutellar shield small and transversely triangular. Elytra not costate, with or without shallow or weakly defined punctate striae. Intervals punctate, without microtubercles; weak to well-defined tubercles (when present) only on apical declivity. Interval X terminating before reaching elytra base. Epipleura without microtubercules, broad basally, narrowing apically. Apterous. Abdomen: punctate. Ventrite V with sulcus running parallel to apical perimeter. Legs: femora slightly curved and expanded toward apex. Tibiae dorsoventrally compressed. Meso- and metatibia slightly curved. Foretibia dilated triangularly toward apex with coarse spines underneath. Male terminalia: tegmen bipartite with or without ancorae (small ancorae present in one species); basal portion membranous ventrally; dorsally with small, triangular membranous field at base of apical portion. Parameres fused dorsally at base, apical opening (in dorsal view) small or broad (Fig.
Phylacastus species spp. aedeagi A–D aedeagus dorsal view E, F aedeagus Ventral view A, H Phylacastus striolatus B, G P. ancoralium (ancorae highlighted blue) C P. rhodesianus E P. crypticoides D, F P. makskacymirowi (subapical sutures highlighted blue). Median lobes highlighted green. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.
(5). Phylacastus ancoralium sp. nov., P. crypticoides, P. makskacymirowi sp. nov., P. rhodesianus, P. striolatus.
1 | Well-defined tubercles present on apical declivity of elytra (Fig. |
2 |
– | Well-defined tubercles absent on apical declivity of elytra (Fig. |
3 |
2 | Male parameres widely spaced with large dorsal opening exposing median lobe (Fig. |
P. rhodesianus Fairmaire |
– | Male parameres not widely spaced, with small dorsal opening exposing at most only the tip of the median lobe (Fig. |
P. makskacymirowi sp. nov. |
3 | Aedeagus with ancorae (Fig. |
P. ancoralium sp. nov. |
– | Aedeagus lacking ancorae (Fig. |
4 |
4 | Mentum with narrow carina/keel running up median (Fig. |
P. crypticoides Koch |
– | Mentum lacking narrow carina/keel running up median; 5th abdominal sulcus widely separated from apex (Fig. |
P. striolatus Fairmaire |
(data represents single specimens unless otherwise noted). Holotype (
Paratypes
(n = 11) (
Phylacastus ancoralium is highly modified compared with its congeners. In addition to its wide geographic separation from other species (Lesotho), it can be separated from all other species of Phylacastus via the elytra (with extremely weak to absent elytral striae), prosternum (weakly produced between forecoxae, rather than projecting more strongly beyond (Fig.
This species is named for the ancorae of the male aedeagus, which in Blaptinae are hypothesized to anchor the male genitalia during copulation. To date, this is the only species within the subtribe Eurynotina with ancorae.
Length 6–7 mm. Head: punctures separated by ~1 feature diameter. Mentum midportion slightly narrowing apically, exposing lateral wings, midportion without distinct median carina. Prothorax: pronotum finely punctate, punctures widely spaced, separated by > 1 feature diameter. Hypomeron lightly wrinkled and finely punctate. Prosternal process weakly produced between forecoxae. Pterothorax: elytra width about equal to pronotal width. Elytral striae and intervals punctate; striae very weakly impressed or absent. Interval punctures fine and widely spaced (>1 feature diameter), distinctly smaller than strial punctures. Elytral tubercles absent. Abdomen: ventrite V sulcus narrowly separated from apical border. Terminalia: male: parameres tapering apically, fused basally with narrow opening at apex exposing median lobe. Each paramere bearing a small, ventral medial ancora. Female: Ratio of ovipositor coxites I–IV to paraprocts nearly 1:1. Bursa copulatrix not bilobate, accessory gland present near-to spermatheca, accessory pouch present.
Lesotho.
Phylacastus crypticoides
Koch, 1954a: 286.
= Phylacastus pretoriensis Koch, 1954a: 285, syn. nov.
(data represents single specimens unless otherwise noted). Holotype (
(
Koch described both Phylacastus crypticoides and P. pretoriensis (1954a), differentiating them from the already described P. striolatus and his additional species P. rhodesianus based on the following: P. pretoriensis with a basal pronotal margin that is reduced medially, and P. crypticoides with a cariniform structure of the mentum and a more apically positioned sulcus on abdominal ventrite V. Upon investigation here, the margination of the pronotal base, while variable, appears to be consistently present in all species with no uniform reduction in restricted populations or collection events examined here. The sulcus of abdominal ventrite V is also consistent between specimens of both of Koch’s species. Furthermore, P. crypticoides and P. pretoriensis specimens compared with his type material bear the carina attributed to P. crypticoides. As such, we have decided here to synonymize the two species under P. crypticoides.
Length 6–7 mm. Head: punctures separated by < 1 diameter. Mentum broad, lateral wings concealed, midportion with thin, distinct medial carina. Prothorax: pronotum punctate, punctures closely spaced, separated by ≤ 1 diameter. Hypomeron lightly wrinkled to rugose. Prosternal process produced between forecoxae (Fig.
South Africa.
(data represents single specimens unless otherwise noted). Holotype (
Paratypes
(n = 11) (
As of this revision, this is the smallest species of the genus (4–6 mm). In addition to its size, this species is further defined by the presence of well-defined tubercles on the apical declivity of the elytra—a trait shared only by P. rhodesianus, which is larger and can be further differentiated by 1) punctures on elytral intervals (more numerous and dense in P. rhodesianus); 2) the shape of the mentum is broad, not tapered, further concealing the lateral wings in P. rhodesianus (Fig.
Named after young bug enthusiast Maksymilian Jan Kacymirow (born on December 17, 2014 in Warsaw, Poland).
Length 4–6 mm. Head: punctures separated by < 1 diameter. Mentum midportion medially raised but without distinct median carina, laterally tapering slightly toward apex, lateral wings exposed. Prothorax: pronotum finely punctate, punctures smaller and widely spaced, separated by > 1 diameter. Hypomeron very finely punctate and lightly sculptured/wrinkled. Prosternal process produced between forecoxae. Pterothorax: elytra wider than pronotal width. Elytral striae and intervals punctate; striae clearly impressed. Interval punctures fine, widely spaced (>1 diameter), distinctly smaller than strial punctures. Elytra distinctly tuberculate on apical declivity. Abdomen: ventrite V sulcus narrowly separated from apical border. Terminalia: male: parameres tapering apically, fused basally with narrow opening at apex exposing median lobe. Each paramere bearing a small, weak, subapical suture (Fig.
South Africa.
Phylacastus rhodesianus
Koch, 1954a: 287.
(data represents single specimens unless otherwise noted). Holotype (
(
Length 6–8 mm. Head: punctures separated by ≤ 1 diameter. Mentum midportion broad, concealing lateral wings, midportion without distinct median carina. Prothorax: pronotum punctate, punctures closely spaced, separated by ~1 diameter. Hypomeron very lightly textured, without clear punctation. Prosternal process produced between forecoxae. Pterothorax: elytra width about equal to pronotal width. Elytral striae and intervals punctate; striae impressed. Interval punctures fine, closely spaced (~1 diameter), distinctly smaller than strial punctures. Elytral tubercles present on apical declivity. Abdomen: ventrite V sulcus narrowly separated from apical border. Terminalia: male: parameres converging apically, fused basally with deep and wide opening at apex exposing median lobe (Fig.
Zimbabwe.
Phylacastus striolatus
Fairmaire, 1897: 117.
(data represents single specimens unless otherwise noted). Lectotype (
(
Length 8 mm. Head: punctures separated by < 1 diameter. Mentum midportion broad, concealing lateral wings, midportion without distinct median carina. Prothorax: pronotum punctate, punctures closely spaced, separated by ≤ 1 diameter. Hypomeron lightly wrinkled. Prosternal process produced between forecoxae. Pterothorax: elytra width slightly greater than pronotal width. Elytral striae and intervals punctate; striae impressed. Interval punctures closely spaced (~1 diameter), smaller than strial punctures. Elytral tubercles absent; apical declivity with at most weak bumps or callosities. Abdomen: ventrite V sulcus widely separated from apical border. Terminalia: male: parameres converging apically, fused basally with small opening at apex exposing median lobe. Female: ovipositor slightly elongate (ratio of ovipositor coxites I–IV to paraprocts < 1:1). Bursa copulatrix bilobate, accessory gland present near-to spermatheca, accessory pouch present.
South Africa.
While Fairmaire did not specify the number of specimens he examined in his original description, he did make mention of the collector (E. Simon) and locality, making specimens of his syntype series identifiable. Two specimens from
Overall, there were relatively few specimens available for study (n = 45), which may represent restricted ranges or collecting bias, although the collections we sampled represent older historical collections of their range. Despite the number of specimens, we borrowed and examined all of the type material, as well as additional representatives of all species. As of this revision, many of the traits that
Our discovery of accessory structures on the parameres of P. ancoralium (Fig.
Distribution of ancorae in Blaptinae (displayed on Bayesian molecular topology from
The aforementioned accessory structures to the median lobe and parameres have been recorded in two subfamilies and appear to be uncommon within Tenebrionidae. The first subfamily, Blaptinae, has several tribes (Amphidorini LeConte, Dendarini Mulsant & Rey, Pedinini, and Platynotini), and the second, Diaperinae, has one subtribe (Adelinina LeConte) that seem to have evolved variations of this characteristic morphology (
Dissections of ancorae variation and aedeagal morphology from Blaptinae A Amatodes Dejean (Pedinini, Helopinina) median lobe with basal apophyses B Trigonopus similis Iwan (Platynotini, Platynotina) parameres, median lobe, and ancorae C Eleodes obscura (Say) (Amphidorini) intact and extracted parameres, median lobe, and ancorae D Anomalipus mastodon Fåhraeus, 1870 (Platynotini, Platynotina). Abbreviations: an - ancorae, bap - basal aphophyses, bp - basal portion of tegmen, cc - cuticular connection of ancorae to parameres, ml - median lobe, pan 1–3 - pseudo ancorae, par - parameres.
We examined published records and dissected representatives of Blaptinae (e.g. Anomalipus and Eleodes) (Fig.
Sampled Adelenina (Diaperinae: Diaperini: Adelinina) aedeagi A Sitophagus hololeptoides (Laporte) B Adelina plana (Fabricius) C Alphitophagus bifasciatus (Say) D Gnatocerus cornutus (Fabricius) Abbreviations: bap - basal apophyses, cl - “clavae”, ml - median lobe, par - parameres, bp - basal portion of aedeagus, cm - connective membrane.
We thank Ruth Müller (
Table of Phylacastus distributional data in .csv format.
Genus, Species,Verbatim Label, date (d.m.y), Determined Lat, Determined Long, note(s)
Phylacastus, striolatus, Makapan (TR.) E. Simon 1893; Phylacastus striolatus ? Cafrar; , 1893, -24.1586, 29.1769, Type Locality; Point based on Makapan valley archeological site near to Mokopan.
Phylacastus, striolatus, Makapan (TR.) E. Simon 1893, 1893, -24.1586, 29.1769, Point based on Makapan valley archeological site near to Mokopan.
Phylacastus, striolatus, Transvaal Soutpansberg Mphome Magd Knothe S, -,-23.0084, 29.7690, point based on Soutpansberg Mountain.
Phylacastus, striolatus, Transvaal Soutpansberg Mphome Magd Knothe S, -,-23.0084, 29.7690, point based on Soutpansberg Mountain.
Phylacastus, rhodesianus, Marandella Mashld XI.97 GKMarshall; Holotype No: 1877 Phylacastus rhodesianus KOCH; Phylacastus rhodesianus Koch DET.C.KOCH; rhodesianus Koch, 11.1897, -18.1897, 31.5467, Type locality; Marondera (Marandella synonym).
Phylacastus, rhodesianus, 9.VI.1970 Vumba SUD RHODESIE Cl. Besnard leg.,9.VI.1970, -19.1000, 32.7833, Point based on Bvumba Mts.
Phylacastus, rhodesianus, 8.VI.1970 Inyanga SUD RHODESIE Cl. Besnard leg.,8.VI.1970, -18.2100, 32.7400,"Point based on Nyanga, Zimbabwe".
Phylacastus, rhodesianus, 8.VI.1970 Inyanga SUD RHODESIE Cl. Besnard leg.,8.VI.1970, -18.2100, 32.7400,"Point based on Nyanga, Zimbabwe".
Phylacastus, rhodesianus, 8.VI.1970 Inyanga SUD RHODESIE Cl. Besnard leg.,8.VI.1970, -18.2100, 32.7400,"Point based on Nyanga, Zimbabwe".
Phylacastus, rhodesianus, 8.VI.1970 Inyanga SUD RHODESIE Cl. Besnard leg.,8.VI.1970, -18.2100, 32.7400,"Point based on Nyanga, Zimbabwe".
Phylacastus, rhodesianus, 8.VI.1970 Inyanga SUD RHODESIE Cl. Besnard leg.,8.VI.1970, -18.2100, 32.7400,"Point based on Nyanga, Zimbabwe".
Phylacastus, rhodesianus, 8.VI.1970 Inyanga SUD RHODESIE Cl. Besnard leg.,8.VI.1970, -18.2100, 32.7400,"Point based on Nyanga, Zimbabwe".
Phylacastus, rhodesianus, 8.VI.1970 Inyanga SUD RHODESIE Cl. Besnard leg.,8.VI.1970, -18.2100, 32.7400,"Point based on Nyanga, Zimbabwe".
Phylacastus, rhodesianus, 8.VI.1970 Inyanga SUD RHODESIE Cl. Besnard leg.,8.VI.1970, -18.2100, 32.7400,"Point based on Nyanga, Zimbabwe".
Phylacastus, rhodesianus, 8.VI.1970 Inyanga SUD RHODESIE Cl. Besnard leg.,8.VI.1970, -18.2100, 32.7400,"Point based on Nyanga, Zimbabwe".
Phylacastus, rhodesianus, 8.VI.1970 Inyanga SUD RHODESIE Cl. Besnard leg.,8.VI.1970, -18.2100, 32.7400,"Point based on Nyanga, Zimbabwe".
Phylacastus, makskacymirowi, "S.Afr.,E.Transvaal Berlin;Karst plat. 25.31 S - 30.46 E; 23.10.1986; E-Y:2001 groundtraps, 42 days leg. Endrödy-Younga; ground trap with meat bait",23.10.1986, -25.52, 30.77.
Phylacastus, makskacymirowi, "S.Afr.,E.Transvaal Berlin;Karst plat. 25.31 S - 30.46 E; 20.9.1986; E-Y:2279 groundtraps, 33 days leg. Endrödy-Younga; ground trap with meat bait",20.8.1986, -25.52, 30.77, Type locality.
Phylacastus, makskacymirowi, "S.Afr.,E.Transvaal Berlin;Karst plat. 25.31 S - 30.46 E; 20.9.1986; E-Y:2279 groundtraps, 33 days leg. Endrödy-Younga; ground trap with meat bait",20.8.1986, -25.52, 30.77.
Phylacastus, makskacymirowi, "S.Afr.,E.Transvaal Berlin;Karst plat. 25.31 S - 30.46 E; 20.9.1986; E-Y:2279 groundtraps, 33 days leg. Endrödy-Younga; ground trap with meat bait",20.8.1986, -25.52, 30.77.
Phylacastus, makskacymirowi, "S.Afr.,E.Transvaal Berlin;Karst plat. 25.31 S - 30.46 E; 20.9.1986; E-Y:2279 groundtraps, 33 days leg. Endrödy-Younga; ground trap with meat bait",20.8.1986, -25.52, 30.77.
Phylacastus, makskacymirowi, "S.Afr.,E.Transvaal Berlin;Karst plat. 25.31 S - 30.46 E; 4.2.1986 E-Y:2414 under fungous logs leg. Endrödy-Younga",4.2.1986, -25.52, 30.77.
Phylacastus, makskacymirowi, "S.Afr.,E.Transvaal Berlin;Karst plat. 25.31 S - 30.46 E; 8.12.1986 E-Y:2363 fungous Pinus logs leg. Endrödy-Younga",8.12.1986, -25.52, 30.77.
Phylacastus, makskacymirowi, S.Afr.;Mpumalanga 10km E Kaapsehoop 25.36 S - 30.43 E; 4-6.1.2014: E-Y:3943 sifting; indigenous forest leg. Ruth Müller, 4-6.1.2014, -25.60, 30.72.
Phylacastus, makskacymirowi, "S.Afr.;Mpumalanga Sjonajona, Badplaas 24.44 S - 30.40 E; 11.11.2002; E-Y:3565 general collect. 1410m leg. TMSA staff",11.11.2002, -25.73, 30.67.
Phylacastus, makskacymirowi, "S.Afr.;Mpumalanga Sjonajona, Badplaas 24.44 S - 30.40 E; 11.11.2002; E-Y:3565 general collect. 1410m leg. TMSA staff",11.11.2002, -25.73, 30.67.
Phylacastus, makskacymirowi, "S.Afr.;Mpumalanga Sjonajona, Badplaas 24.44 S - 30.40 E; 11.11.2002; E-Y:3565 general collect. 1410m leg. TMSA staff",11.11.2002, -25.73, 30.67.
Phylacastus, makskacymirowi, "S.Afr.;Mpumalanga Sjonajona, Badplaas 24.44 S - 30.40 E; 11.11.2002; E-Y:3565 general collect. 1410m leg. TMSA staff",11.11.2002, -25.73, 30.67.
Phylacastus, crypticoides, Lydenburg Distr. 1896 P.A. Krantz; Phylacastus crypticoides DET.C.KOCH 1953; Holotype No: 1873 Phylacastus crypticoides KOCH; crypticoides Koch; Eurynotus? sp.,1896, -25.0960, 30.4460, Approximated in Google Earth.
Phylacastus, crypticoides, "S.Afr.,N.Transvaal Nylsvley Met.Sta. 24.40 S - 28.42 E; 285.1975; E-Y:1160 humus, Berlese, open leg. Endrödy-Younga",28.5.1975, -25.67, 28.70.
Phylacastus, crypticoides, "S.Afr.,N.Transvaal Nylsvley, Smith frm 24.40S-24.42E 15.11.1975; E-Y: 952 cattle dung leg. Endrödy-Younga; trench; rep: 5 cage mesh 9mm 7 day aft.sett.",15.11.1975, -25.67, 28.70.
Phylacastus, crypticoides, "S.Afr.,N.Transvaal Nylsvley Met.Sta. 24.40 S - 28.42 E; 29.3.1976; E-Y:1112 sifted litter, open leg. Endrödy-Younga",29.3.1976, -25.67, 28.70.
Phylacastus, crypticoides, "S.Afr.;Limpopo Prov. Lindani Nat Res 1336m 24.02 S - 28.23 E; 8.12.2005; E-Y:3687 single, bushveld leg.Gusmann, Müller",8.12.2005, -24.03, 28.38.
Phylacastus, crypticoides, "S.Afr.,N.Transvaal Nylsvley, Smith frm 24.40S-24.42E 8.1.1976; E-Y: 990 sifted litter. Endrödy-Younga",8.1.1976, -25.67, 28.70.
Phylacastus, crypticoides, S.Afr.Tvl.Waterbg Lapalala Wilderness 23.49 S- 20.17 E; 16.8.1975; E-Y:829 from under stones leg. Endrödy-Younga, 16.8.1975, -23.82, 20.28.
Phylacastus, crypticoides, S.Afr.Tvl.Waterbg Lapalala Wilderness 23.49 S- 20.17 E; 16.8.1975; E-Y:829 from under stones leg. Endrödy-Younga, 16.8.1975, -23.82, 20.28.
Phylacastus, crypticoides, S.Afr.Tvl.Waterbg Lapalala Wilderness 23.49 S- 20.17 E; 16.8.1975; E-Y:829 from under stones leg. Endrödy-Younga, 16.8.1975, -23.82, 20.28.
Phylacastus, crypticoides, S.Afr.Tvl.Waterbg Lapalala Wilderness 23.49 S- 20.17 E; 16.8.1975; E-Y:829 from under stones leg. Endrödy-Younga, 16.8.1975, -23.82, 20.28.
Phylacastus, crypticoides, S.Afr.Tvl.Waterbg Lapalala Wilderness 23.49 S- 20.17 E; 16.8.1975; E-Y:829 from under stones leg. Endrödy-Younga, 16.8.1975, -23.82, 20.28.
Phylacastus, crypticoides, S.Afr.Tvl.Waterbg Lapalala Wilderness 23.49 S- 20.17 E; 16.8.1975; E-Y:829 from under stones leg. Endrödy-Younga, 16.8.1975, -23.82, 20.28.
Phylacastus, crypticoides, S.Afr.Tvl.Waterbg Lapalala Wilderness 23.49 S- 20.17 E; 16.8.1975; E-Y:829 from under stones leg. Endrödy-Younga, 16.8.1975, -23.82, 20.28.
Phylacastus, pseudoclavum, S.Afr.Basutoland Makheke Mnts 15 miles ENE Mokhotlong. 8.IV.51 No. 268;Swedish South Africa Expedition 1950-1951; red label, 8.IV.1951, -29.19, 29.29, Approximated in Google Earth.
Phylacastus, pseudoclavum, "S.Afr.;E. Lesotho Hodson's Peak 300m 29.37S - 29.17 E; 11.3.1976;E-Y:1069 fr.und.stones, 3150m leg. Endrödy-Younga",11.3.1976, -29.62, 29.28, Type locality.
Phylacastus, pseudoclavum, "S.Afr.;E. Lesotho Hodson's Peak 300m 29.37S - 29.17 E; 11.3.1976;E-Y:1069 fr.und.stones, 3150m leg. Endrödy-Younga",11.3.1976, -29.62, 29.28.
Phylacastus, pseudoclavum, "S.Afr.;E. Lesotho Hodson's Peak 300m 29.37S - 29.17 E; 11.3.1976;E-Y:1069 fr.und.stones, 3150m leg. Endrödy-Younga",11.3.1976, -29.62, 29.28.
Phylacastus, pseudoclavum, S.Afr.;E. Lesotho Hodson's Peak 300m 29.37S - 29.17 E; 11.3.1976;E-Y:1067 from under stones leg. Endrödy-Younga, 11.3.1976, -29.62, 29.28.
Phylacastus, pseudoclavum, S.Afr.;E. Lesotho Hodson's Peak 300m 29.37S - 29.17 E; 11.3.1976;E-Y:1067 from under stones leg. Endrödy-Younga, 11.3.1976, -29.62, 29.28.
Phylacastus, pseudoclavum, S.Afr.;E. Lesotho Hodson's Peak 300m 29.37S - 29.17 E; 11.3.1976;E-Y:1067 from under stones leg. Endrödy-Younga, 11.3.1976, -29.62, 29.28.
Phylacastus, pseudoclavum, S.Afr.;E. Lesotho Hodson's Peak 300m 29.37S - 29.17 E; 11.3.1976;E-Y:1067 from under stones leg. Endrödy-Younga, 11.3.1976, -29.62, 29.28.
Phylacastus, pseudoclavum, S.Afr.;E. Lesotho Hodson's Peak 300m 29.37S - 29.17 E; 11.3.1976;E-Y:1067 from under stones leg. Endrödy-Younga, 11.3.1976, -29.62, 29.28.
Phylacastus, pseudoclavum, "S.Afr., Lesotho Drakensbg, Black Mt. 29.31 S - 29.12 E; 9.3.1976;E-Y:1060 from under stones leg. Endrödy-Younga",9.3.1976, -29.52, 29.20.
Phylacastus, pseudoclavum, "S.Afr., E.Lesotho Sani Pass Valley 29.39 S - 29.12 E; 10.3.1976; E-Y:1066 from under stones leg. Endrödy-Younga",10.3.1976, -29.52, 29.20.
Phylacastus, pseudoclavum, "S.Afr., E.Lesotho Sani Pass Valley 29.39 S - 29.12 E; 10.3.1976; E-Y:1066 from under stones leg. Endrödy-Younga",10.3.1976, -29.52, 29.20.