Research Article |
Corresponding author: Ye Xu ( yexu@jxau.edu.cn ) Corresponding author: Dao-Zheng Qin ( qindaozh0426@aliyun.com ) Academic editor: Mick Webb
© 2023 Ye Xu, Christopher H. Dietrich, Dao-Zheng Qin.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Xu Y, Dietrich CH, Qin D-Z (2023) A key to genera of Dikraneurini from China, with description of a new species of Cornicola Ohara & Hayashi (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Typhlocybinae). ZooKeys 1145: 191-200. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1145.94800
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The leafhopper genus Cornicola Ohara & Hayashi, previously recorded from Japan, is recorded from China for the first time and a new species, C. maculatus Xu, Dietrich & Qin, sp. nov., is described and illustrated, including its color polymorphism. This genus has male genitalia and hind wing venation similar to those found in Empoascini but it is more appropriately placed in Dikraneurini. A key to species of Cornicola is given together with a key to the genera of Dikraneurini from China.
Auchenorrhyncha, distribution, Homoptera, leafhopper, morphology, polymorphism, taxonomy
The tribe Dikraneurini is a diverse group and differs from other Typhlocybinae leafhoppers in lacking an appendix in the forewing and in usually having the hind wing submarginal vein complete and extended past vein RA or RP basad along the costal margin (
The specimens examined in this study were preserved in 95% ethanol stored for three years resulting in loss of the original color; they are now deposited in the insect collection of Illinois Natural History Survey, Champaign, Illinois (
Family Cicadellidae Latreille, 1825
Subfamily Typhlocybinae Kirschbaum, 1868
Cornicola mizuki Ohara & Hayashi, 2022, by original designation.
Cornicola is easily distinguishable from all other known Typhlocybinae in having the following combination of characters: (1) crown of head much narrower than pronotum and strongly elevated above anterior margin of pronotum (Figs
Cornicola maculatus Xu, Dietrich & Qin sp. nov. 1, 2 Adults showing different body coloration 3 female adult, dorsal view 4 female adult, left lateral view 5, 8 face 6 male adult (abdomen removed), dorsal view 7 male adult (abdomen removed), left lateral view 9 forewing 10 hind wing 11 left femur and base of tibia, anterior view 12 left middle femur, anterior view 13 left hind femur apex and base of tibia, anterior view 14 distal part of hind tibia and tarsus, anterior view 15 sternal apodemes.
Cornicola maculatus Xu, Dietrich & Qin sp. nov. 16 male genital capsule, left lateral view 17 male pygofer, dorsal view 18 anal tube, left lateral view 19 subgenital plates 20 connective, lateral view 21 connective, dorsal view 22 style 23 aedeagus, left lateral view 24 aedeagus, ventral view.
Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku) and China (Chongqing).
1 | Male 2S apodemes extended nearly to posterior margin of segment V; aedeagus with shaft not widened at apex in lateral view, distal processes not forked at base, evenly curved in posterior view | Cornicola mizuki Ohara & Hayashi |
– | Male 2S apodemes reaching to end of segment IV (Fig. |
Cornicola maculatus Xu, Dietrich & Qin, sp. nov. |
Holotype. ♂ (
Body length: male 3.1–3.5 mm, female 3.2–3.5 mm.
Adults of this species are polymorphic with two color forms, one being mostly white (Figs
Basal sternal abdominal apodemes parallel sided, reaching end of segment IV (Fig.
This new species differs from Cornicola mizuki by the characters noted in the key.
China (Chongqing).
The species name is derived from the Latin words ‘maculatus’, referring to the black spots on the crown and thorax.
1 | Subgenital plates fused basally (Fig. |
2 |
– | Subgenital plates separate | 6 |
2 | Hind wing with submarginal vein obsolete along costal margin (Fig. |
Cornicola Ohara & Hayashi, 2022 |
– | Hind wing with submarginal vein complete, extending along costal margin, around apex | 3 |
3 | Hind wing with MP and CuA fused for short distance | Karachiota Ahmed, 1969 |
– | Hind wing with MP and CuA separate, connected by a short cross-vein (Fig. |
4 |
4 | Forewing with veins R2 and RM confluent preapically | Motschulskyia Kirkaldy, 1905 |
– | Forewing with veins R2 and RM separate, connected by a cross-vein | 5 |
5 | Connective about twice longer than wide | Cuanta Dworakowska, 1993 |
– | Connective nearly as long as wide | Platfusa Dworakowska, 1993 |
6 | Hind wing with veins R and RA free, connected by a cross-vein | Urvana Dworakowska, 1993 |
– | Hind wing with veins R and RA confluent distally | 7 |
7 | Forewing with veins R2, RM and MCu confluent preapically | 8 |
– | Forewing with veins R2 and MCu separate preapically | 9 |
8 | Male pygofer with dense setae distally; 2S apodemes surpassing segment III | Flatseta Jiao & Yang, 2015 |
– | Male pygofer without dense setae distally; 2S apodemes not reaching segment III | Takagioma Thapa, 1989 |
9 | Pygofer ventral appendage present | Golwala Dworakowska, 1993 |
– | Pygofer ventral appendage absent | 10 |
10 | Style moderately long and thin, longer than subgenital plate | Uniformus Jiao & Yang, 2020 |
– | Style shorter than subgenital plate | 11 |
11 | Forewing with vein MCu reduced, not extending to wing margin | 12 |
– | Forewing with vein MCu complete | 13 |
12 | Subgenital plates triangular, narrowed apicad | Naratettix Matsumura, 1931 |
– | Subgenital plates nearly oblong, truncated apicad | Dicraneurula Vilbaste, 1968 |
13 | Connective absent | Forcipata DeLong & Caldwell, 1942 |
– | Connective present | 14 |
14 | Connective immovably attached or fused with base of aedeagus | 15 |
– | Connective movably articulated with base of aedeagus | 16 |
15 | Male pygofer with upper appendage, without articulated caudal sclerite; subgenital plate with few macrosetae | Togaricrania Matsumura, 1931 |
– | Male pygofer without upper appendage, with articulated caudal sclerite; subgenital plate without macrosetae | Trifida Thapa & Sohi, 1986 |
16 | Forewing with vein R2 and RM confluent preapically | 17 |
– | Forewing with veins R2 and RM separate, connected by cross-vein | 21 |
17 | Aedeagus with pair of processes on shaft | 18 |
– | Aedeagus without processes | 20 |
18 | Subgenital plate with more than eight macrosetae, arranged roughly in two rows | Michalowskiya Dworakowska, 1972 |
– | Subgenital plate with fewer than five macrosetae, arranged in single row | 19 |
19 | Male pygofer nearly rectangular, without process; subgenital plate with few basal setae | Iniesta Dworakowska, 1993 |
– | Male pygofer variable in shape, with process; subgenital plate without basal setae | Anaka Dworakowska & Viraktamath, 1975 |
20 | Aedeagus with gonopore apical, with circle of unpigmented cuticular outgrowths; male 2S apodemes surpassing segment V | Uzeldikra Dworakowska, 1971 |
– | Aedeagus with gonopore not as above; male 2S apodemes surpassing segment IV | Igutettix Matsumura, 1932 |
21 | Subgenital plates not surpassing pygofer lobe | 22 |
– | Subgenital plates surpassing pygofer lobe | 23 |
22 | Style with well-developed preapical lobe | Dikraneura Hardy, 1850 |
– | Style without preapical lobe | Ayubiana Ahmed, 1969 |
23 | Aedeagus with dorsal apodeme absent | Riyavaroa Dworakowska, 1993 |
– | Aedeagus with dorsal apodeme present | 24 |
24 | Aedeagus with paired shafts | Notus Fieber, 1866 |
– | Aedeagus with single shaft | 25 |
25 | Male pygofer triangular; aedeagus without processes | Wagneriala Anufriev, 1970 |
– | Male pygofer nearly round; aedeagus with few processes | Erythria Fieber, 1866 |
We are very grateful to Dr Dmitry A. Dmitriev (Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois, USA) and C. A. Viraktamath (Department of Entomology University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore) for reading the manuscript and providing critical comments and suggestions. This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32160121), and National Foreign Experts Project of Jiangxi Province (no. G2021022002), One belt one road (no. DL2022022001L) and U.S. NSF grant DEB-1639601.