Catalogue |
Corresponding author: Ali Salur ( alisalur@gmail.com ) Academic editor: Ben Price
© 2016 Ali Salur, Mustafa Darilmaz, Ernst Bauernfeind.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Salur A, Darilmaz MC, Bauernfeind E (2016) An annotated catalogue of the mayfly fauna of Turkey (Insecta, Ephemeroptera). ZooKeys 620: 67-118. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.620.9405
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The mayfly fauna of Turkey was reviewed including all hitherto known distribution records together with references and a few new records. Additionally, comments on taxonomy, identification and nomenclature are provided. Two species are new for the Turkish fauna: Ephemera romantzovi Kluge, 1988 and Thraulus thraker Jacob, 1988. A list of taxa including their recorded distribution in Turkey (according to provinces) is provided in the annotated catalogue. The type locality is also given for each species originally described from Turkey. According to the literature and the new records, 157 mayfly taxa representing 33 genera and 14 families were described from Turkey. Among them, 24 species are considered endemic to Anatolia.
Annotated catalogue, bibliography, Ephemeroptera , Turkey
Turkey is located among three continents geographically and covers a region also known as Asia Minor and Anatolia.
The websites www.faunaturkey.com and www.faunaturkey.org (established in 2013) aim to contribute more information on researchs about the fauna of Turkey. The data provided will be also added to the websites after publication. Our hope is to keep this list up-to-date with further additions and some corrections periodically, so we welcome information on any omissions, errors, and updates.
Data in this review have been based on a detailed study of literature on Ephemeroptera in Turkey as well as on hitherto unpublished material housed in the
157 species-group taxa (153 species and 4 subspecies) of mayflies representing 33 genera and 14 families have been recorded from Turkey. Among them, 24 species (15.3%) are presently considered endemic to Turkey. Three species have been excluded from the Turkish checklist.
Ameletus inopinatus Eaton, 1887
Distribution in Turkey. Ankara, Eskişehir (
Metreletus balcanicus (Ulmer, 1920)
Distribution in Turkey. Kırklareli (
Siphlonurus aestivalis Eaton, 1903
Distribution in Turkey. Kırklareli, Tekirdağ (
Comment. Considering the difficulties in identification of Siphlonurus taxa at the larval stage, records based on male imagines would be desirable.
Siphlonurus lacustris Eaton, 1870
Distribution in Turkey. Aydın (
Braasch, 1983
Type country and locality. Turkey, approximately 170-180 km south-east Amasia, Reşadiye district, the province of Tokat (
Distribution in Turkey. Tokat (
Comment. Larva not described.
Note. Endemic to Turkey.
Comment. Acentrella is either considered of generic rank (
Baetis (Acentrella) inexpectatus (Tshernova, 1928)
Distribution in Turkey. Elazığ (
Baetis (Acentrella) lapponicus (Bengtsson, 1912)
Distribution in Turkey. Bolu (
Comment. Occurrence of B. (A.) lapponicus in Turkey [syntopic with B. (A.) sinaicus] seems rather doubtful and a re-examination of voucher specimens would be useful.
Baetis (Acentrella) sinaicus (Bogoescu, 1931)
Distribution in Turkey. Bolu (
Baetis (Baetis) alpinus (Pictet, 1843)
Distribution in Turkey. Ankara, Ağrı, Antalya, Bayburt, Erzurum, Kars, Konya (
Comment. Taxonomy of the Baetis alpinus species-group sensu
Baetis (Baetis) buceratus Eaton, 1870
Distribution in Turkey. Ankara, Antalya, Balıkesir, Bayburt, Bingöl, Bolu, Elazığ, Erzurum, Eskişehir, Isparta, Kırşehir, Konya, Sivas, Van (
Baetis (Baetis) elazigi Berker, 1981
Type country and locality. Turkey, Keban Deresi (the type locality is located in the province of Elazığ) (
Distribution in Turkey. Elazığ (
Note. Endemic to Turkey
Comment. Description and drawings do not allow identification without some doubt. A re-examination of type material (not specified) is necessary to ascertain the taxonomic status of this species.
Baetis (Baetis) fuscatus (Linnaeus, 1761)
Distribution in Turkey. Hatay [as Baetis bioculatus Linnaeus, 1758 (
Baetis (Baetis) lutheri Müller-Liebenau, 1967
Distribution in Turkey. Muş (
Comment. Subspecific identity of records as Baetis lutheri (as above) is not clear.
Baetis (Baetis) lutheri georgiensis Zimmermann, 1981
Distribution in Turkey. Artvin, Erzincan, Tunceli (
Comment. Larval characters of Baetis lutheri georgensis Zimmermann have so far not been described. Identification and separation of subspecies Baetis lutheri lutheriMüller-Liebenau and Baetis lutheri georgensis Zimmermann in the larval stage remain therefore doubtful at present.
Baetis (Baetis) macani Kimmins, 1957
Distribution in Turkey. Elazığ (
Comment. Taxonomy and identification of B. macani and related taxa is rather complicated (see
Baetis (Baetis) melanonyx (Pictet, 1843)
Distribution in Turkey. Hatay (
Baetis (Baetis) meridionalis Ikonomov, 1954
Distribution in Turkey. Ankara, Muş, Sivas (
Baetis (Baetis) pavidus Grandi, 1951
Distribution in Turkey. Elazığ (
Baetis (Baetis) nexus Navás, 1918
Distribution in Turkey (as Baetis pentaphlebodes Ujhelyi, 1966). Kars, Erzurum (
Comment. Baetis pentaphlebodes Ujhelyi, 1966 is usually considered to represent a junior subjective synonym of Baetis nexus Navás, 1918 (
Baetis (Baetis) samochai Koch, 1981
Distribution in Turkey. Diyarbakır (
Baetis (Baetis) scambus Eaton, 1870
Distribution in Turkey. Ankara (
Comment. Larvae are very similar to B. fuscatus, not always reliably separated. Identification is comparatively easy if larvae and male imagines are associated.
Baetis (Baetis) vardarensis caucasicus Zimmermann, 1981
Distribution in Turkey. Trabzon (
Baetis (Baetis) vernus Curtis, 1834
Distribution in Turkey. Elazığ (
Comment. Labiobaetis is either considered of generic rank (
Baetis (Labiobaetis) atrebatinus Eaton, 1870
Distribution in Turkey. Manisa, Uşak (
Baetis (Labiobaetis) balcanicus Müller-Liebenau & Soldán, 1981
Distribution in Turkey. Balıkesir (
Baetis (Labiobaetis) tricolor Tshernova, 1928
Distribution in Turkey. Diyarbakır (
Comment. Occurrence of potamalic B. tricolor in high mountain streams (Erzincan, Tunceli at between 1000–1500 m a.s.l.) is rather doubtful. In the larval stage, usually not separable from B. calcaratus Keffermüller, 1972. A re-examination of voucher specimens would be desirable.
Baetis (Rhodobaetis) bisri Thomas & Dia, 1983
Distribution in Turkey. Hakkari, Dicle River Basin, 1500 m, 10. 7. 1986, 3 larvae (
Comment. Novikova (1987: 79) suggested the possible synonymy of B. bisri with B. stipposus Kluge, 1982 [presently considered a junior subjective synonym of B. braaschi Zimmermann, 1980]. However,
Baetis (Rhodobaetis) braaschi Zimmermann, 1980
Distribution in Turkey. Probably Hakkari (as B. bisri;
Comment. For diagnostic characters and their variability see Sroka et al. (2012).
Baetis (Rhodobaetis) gemellus Eaton, 1885
Distribution in Turkey. Ankara, Bingöl, Erzurum, Yozgat (
Comment. Baetis gemellus Eaton is considered an insufficiently known taxon, at present represented by the male lectotype (
Baetis (Rhodobaetis) macrospinosus Koch, 1985
Type country and locality. Turkey, Dicle river, 100 m upstream Dicle Bridge (at Gözlü Köprü), province of Diyarbakır (
Distribution in Turkey. Diyarbakır (
Note. Endemic to Turkey.
Baetis (Rhodobaetis) milani Godunko, Prokopov & Soldán, 2004
Distribution in Turkey. Balıkesir (
Comment. According to
Baetis (Rhodobaetis) pseudogemellus Soldán, 1977
Distribution in Turkey. Siirt (
Comment. Occurrence of B. pseudogemellus in Turkey is extremely unlikely (
Baetis (Rhodobaetis) rhodani (Pictet, 1843)
Distribution in Turkey. Antalya, Osmaniye (
Comment. Taxonomy of the Baetis rhodani species-group sensu
Baetis (Rhodobaetis) vadimi Godunko, Palatov & Martynov, 2015
Type country and locality. Turkey, Unnamed brook, small right-side tributary of upper part of Fırtına Deresi (Kaçkar Mountains), district of Ardeşen, Rize province (
Distribution in Turkey. Rize (
Comment. Various earlier records as Baetis gemellus may in fact represent Baetis (Rhodobaetis) vadimi (see Comment above).
Comment. Nigrobaetis is either considered of generic rank (
Baetis (Nigrobaetis) digitatus Bengtsson, 1912
Distribution in Turkey. Bolu, Muş, Sivas (
Comment. Taxonomy of B. digitatus is insufficiently known and specific identity of southern (Mediterranean) and southeastern (Turkey, Caucasus region) representatives probably questionable. A series of reared material from Turkey would be especially interesting towards solving this question.
Baetis (Nigrobaetis) gracilis Bogoescu & Tabacaru, 1957
Distribution in Turkey. Balıkesir (
Baetis (Nigrobaetis) kars Thomas & Kazancı, 1989
Type country and locality. Turkey, Kızılsu (the type locality is a stream and is located in the province of Şırnak) (
Distribution in Turkey. Hakkari, Kars, Şırnak (
Baetis (Nigrobaetis) muticus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Distribution in Turkey. Bingöl, Van (
Baetis (Nigrobaetis) niger (Linnaeus, 1761)
Distribution in Turkey. Samsun (
Centroptilum luteolum (O.F. Müller, 1776)
Distribution in Turkey. Ankara (
Cloeon dipterum (Linnaeus, 1761)
Distribution in Turkey. Zonguldak (
Cloeon simile Eaton, 1870
Distribution in Turkey. Ankara, Erzincan, Kırşehir (
Procloeon bifidum (Bengtsson, 1912)
Distribution in Turkey. Eskişehir (
Procloeon nana (Bogoescu, 1951)
Distribution in Turkey. Ağrı (as Centroptilum nanum;
Comment. Frequently placed in the subgenus (originally genus) Pseudocentroptilum Bogoescu, 1947. Very similar to (or conspecific with) P. macronyx (
Procloeon pennulatum (Eaton, 1870)
Distribution in Turkey. Ağrı, Ankara, Erzurum (as Centroptilum pennulatum;
Comment. Frequently placed in the subgenus (originally genus) Pseudocentroptilum Bogoescu, 1947.
Procloeon pulchrum (Eaton, 1885)
Distribution in Turkey. Bingöl, Kars (as Centroptilum pulchrum;
Comment. Frequently placed in the subgenus (originally genus) Pseudocentroptilum Bogoescu, 1947.
Pseudocentroptiloides shadini (Kazlauskas, 1964)
Distribution in Turkey. Çankırı, Kırşehir (
Comment. Has been placed in Psammonella Glazaczow (in Jacob and Glazaczow), 1986 by
Isonychia ignota Walker, 1853
Material. Yalova, brook I Köseler, Koruköy, male imago, female imago, 30.5.1992, H. Malicky leg., 38°50'N, 27°10'E (
Distribution in Turkey. Samsun, Zonguldak (
Oligoneuriella magna Bojková & Soldán in
Type country and locality. Turkey, Kayseri, Zamantı Irmağı River, Eşelik (near Taşçı); 38°12'42.7"N / 35°50'31.1"E.
Distribution in Turkey. Kayseri (
Note. Endemic to Turkey.
Comment. Imago not described.
Oligoneuriella orontensis Koch, 1980
Distribution in Turkey. Hatay (
Comment. Imago not described.
Oligoneuriella pallida (Hagen, 1855)
Distribution in Turkey. Amasya (as Oligoneuriella mikulskii Sowa, 1961;
Oligoneuriella paulopilosa Sroka in
Type country and locality. Turkey, Adıyaman, Sürgü Çayı river near Gölbaşı; 37°50'10.2"N / 37°41'06.9"E (
Distribution in Turkey. Adıyaman (
Note. Endemic to Turkey.
Comment. Imago not described.
Oligoneuriella pectinata Bojková & Soldán in
Type country and locality. Turkey, Adıyaman, right tributary of Göksu Çayı, Taşlıyazı (near Besni); 37°42'36.9"N / 37°56'16.0"E (
Distribution in Turkey. Adıyaman (
Note. Endemic to Turkey.
Oligoneuriella rhenana (Imhoff, 1852)
Distribution in Turkey. Kırklareli (
Oligoneuriella tskhomelidzei Sowa & Zosidze, 1973
Distribution in Turkey. Van (as Oligoneuriella baskale
Comment. Imago of O. tskhomelidzei not described. Both, Oligoneuriella baskale Soldán and Landa, 1977 and Oligoneuriella zanga Soldán and Landa, 1977 have been considered to represent junior subjective synonyms of Oligoneuriella tskhomelidzei Sowa and Zosidze, 1973 by
Comment. For use of the name Ecdyonurus see
Ecdyonurus bimaculatus Tanatmış & Haybach, 2010
Type country and locality. Turkey, Emet Stream (Emet Stream is located in the Harmancık – Dursunbey Road 24.km, Hopanlar village, the province of Balıkesir) (
Distribution in Turkey. Balıkesir, Bursa, Karabük, Kütahya, Sinop, Zonguldak (
Note. Endemic to Turkey.
Comment. Tentatively placed in Ecdyonurus by
Ecdyonurus (Ecdyonurus) aurantiacus (Burmeister, 1839)
Distribution in Turkey. Erzurum (
Ecdyonurus (Ecdyonurus) autumnalis Braasch, 1980
Distribution in Turkey. Artvin (
Comment. Larva not described.
Ecdyonurus (Ecdyonurus) dispar (Curtis, 1834)
Distribution in Turkey. Ankara (as Ecdyonurus fluminum Pictet, 1843;
Ecdyonurus (Ecdyonurus) insignis (Eaton, 1870)
Distribution in Turkey. İstanbul, Kırklareli, Tekirdağ (
Ecdyonurus (Ecdyonurus) macani Thomas & Sowa, 1970
Distribution in Turkey. Giresun (
Comment. Occurrence of E. macani Thomas and Sowa in Turkey is probably doubtful and a re-examination of material would be advisable.
Ecdyonurus (Ecdyonurus) ornatipennis Tshernova, 1938
Distribution in Turkey. Muş (
Ecdyonurus (Ecdyonurus) russevi Braasch & Soldán, 1985
Distribution in Turkey. Balıkesir (
Comment. First larval description (and redescription of imaginal stages) was given by
Ecdyonurus (Ecdyonurus) submontanus Landa, 1969
Distribution in Turkey. Ardahan (
Comment. Occurrence of E. submontanus Landa in Turkey rather questionable, a re-examination of voucher specimens would be advisable.
Ecdyonurus (Ecdyonurus) starmachi Sowa, 1971
Distribution in Turkey. Bolu (
Ecdyonurus (Ecdyonurus) venosus (Fabricius, 1775)
Distribution in Turkey. Bolu, Bursa, Eskişehir, Kütahya (
Comment. Occurrence in Turkey rather doubtful, probably based on misidentification. A re-examination of voucher specimens would be advisable.
Ecdyonurus (Helvetoraeticus) helveticus Eaton, 1883
Distribution in Turkey. Ankara, Bolu, Eskişehir (
Comment. Occurrence of the alpine taxon E. helveticus Eaton in Turkey is rather doubtful and most probably based on misidentification. A re-examination of material would be advisable.
Ecdyonurus (Helvetoraeticus) picteti (Meyer-Dür, 1864)
Distribution in Turkey. Giresun, Rize (
Comment. Occurrence of the alpine taxon E. picteti (Meyer-Dür) in Turkey is rather doubtful and most probably based on misidentification. A re-examination of material would be advisable.
Electrogena affinis (Eaton, 1883)
Distribution in Turkey. Balıkesir (
Electrogena anatolica (Kazanci & Braasch, 1986)
Type country and locality. Turkey, Ardahan (
Distribution in Turkey. Ankara, Ardahan, Bingöl, Bolu, Kars (as Ecdyonurus anatolicus;
Note. Endemic to Turkey.
Comment. Larva not described.
Electrogena antalyensis (Braasch & Kazanci in Kazancı & Braasch, 1986)
Type country and locality. Turkey, Burçak Village (the type locality is located in the province of Ankara) (
Material. Samsun, Sahinkaya, male imago, 6.6.1992, Malicky leg., 40°11'N, 25°46'E (
Distribution in Turkey. Ankara, Antalya, Çorum, Yozgat (as Ecdyonurus antalyensis;
Comment. For description of larva (and redescription of imaginal stages) see
Electrogena boluensis Kazanci, 1990b
Type country and locality. Turkey, Bolu-Gerede road, 10 km to Gerede (the type locality is located in the province of Bolu) (
Distribution in Turkey. Bolu (
Note. Endemic to Turkey.
Comment. Larva not described.
Electrogena dirmil Kazanci, 1990b
Type country and locality. Turkey, Dirmil Pass (the type locality is located in the district of Fethiye, the province of Muğla) (
Distribution in Turkey. Muğla (
Note. Endemic to Turkey.
Comment. Larva not described.
Electrogena hakkarica (Kazanci, 1986b)
Type country and locality. Turkey, Güzereş Köyü (Güzereş Köyü is a village and is located in the district of Çukurca, the province of Hakkari) (
Distribution in Turkey. Hakkari (as Ecdyonurus hakkaricus;
Note. Endemic to Turkey.
Comment. Larva not described.
Electrogena lateralis (Curtis, 1834)
Distribution in Turkey. Ankara (as Ecdyonurus lateralis;
Electrogena monticola (Braasch, 1980)
Distribution in Turkey. Tunceli (
Comment. Originally as Ecdyonurus monticolus. Larva not described.
Electrogena necatii (Kazanci, 1987a)
Type country and locality. Turkey, Akyarma Pass (Akyarma Geçidi is a pass and is located between Bolu-Ankara Road;
Distribution in Turkey. Ankara, Bolu (as Ecdyonurus necatii;
Note. Endemic to Turkey
Comment. Larva not described.
Electrogena pseudaffinis (Braasch, 1980)
Distribution in Turkey. Trabzon (as Ecdyonurus pseudaffinis;
Electrogena quadrilineata (Landa, 1969)
Distribution in Turkey. Giresun, Rize, Trabzon (
Comment. Electrogena quadrilineata has so far only been recorded from a few localities in Central Europe and occurrence in Turkey is rather questionable. For confusing taxa see
Electrogena ressli (Braasch, 1981)
Type country and locality. Turkey, Van Gölü (the type locality is located in the province of Muş) (
Distribution in Turkey. Muş (as Ecdyonurus ressli;
Comment. Larva not described.
Afronurus kugleri Demoulin, 1973
Material. Yalova, brook I Köseler, Koruköy, male subimago, 30.5.1992, H. Malicky leg., 38°50'N, / 27°14'E (
Distribution in Turkey. Hatay (
Comment. Taxonomic position of palaearctic representatives of Afronurus (A. kugleri, A. madli and A. zebratus) remains uncertain and rather provisional (included in Electrogena by
Afronurus madli Kazanci, 1992
Type country and locality. Turkey, Karacadağ (the type locality is located in the province of Diyarbakır) (
Distribution in Turkey. Diyarbakır (
Comment. Larva not described. Taxonomic position of palaearctic representatives of Afronurus (A. kugleri, A. madli and A. zebratus) remains uncertain and rather provisional (included in Electrogena by
Note. Endemic to Turkey.
Epeorus (Caucasiron) alpestris (Braasch, 1979)
Distribution in Turkey. Artvin, Kars (as Iron alpestris;
Comment. Taxonomy follows
Epeorus (Caucasiron) caucasicus (Tshernova, 1938)
Distribution in Turkey. Van (as Iron caucasicus;
Comment. Taxonomy follows
Epeorus (Caucasiron) fuscus (Sinitshenkova, 1976)
Distribution in Turkey. Erzincan (
Epeorus (Caucasiron) longimaculatus (Braasch, 1980)
Distribution in Turkey. Bursa (as Iron longimaculatus;
Epeorus (Caucasiron) magnus (Braasch, 1978)
Distribution in Turkey. Rize (as Iron magnus;
Epeorus (Caucasiron) nigripilosus (Sinitshenkova, 1976)
Distribution in Turkey. Hakkari (as Iron nigripilosus;
Epeorus (Caucasiron) znojkoi (Tshernova, 1938 [sub Iron znojkoi])
Distribution in Turkey. Van (as Iron znojkoi; Braasch, 1981); Giresun, Rize, Trabzon (
Comment. Not to be confused with Ecdyonurus znojkoi Tshernova, 1938 (presently placed in Rhithrogena). For the generic placement see
Epeorus (Epeorus) assimilis Eaton, 1885
Distribution in Turkey. Kırklareli (as Epeorus sylvicola;
Comment. Frequently considered a junior subjective synonym of Epeorus (Epeorus) sylvicola (Pictet, 1865), but see
Epeorus (Epeorus) zaitzevi Tshernova, 1981
Distribution in Turkey. Şanlıurfa (as Epeorus zaitcevi [injustified emendation (see
Comment. Larval characters of Epeorus znojkoisensu
Epeorus (Ironopsis) alpicola (Eaton, 1871)
Distribution in Turkey. Bursa, Eskişehir, Kütahya (
Comment. Taxonomy follows
Rhithrogena amseli (Demoulin, 1964) [sub Epeiron]
Distribution in Turkey. Hakkari, Muş (
Comment. By most authors Epeiron Demoulin is currently considered to represent a junior synonym of Rhithrogena Eaton [cf.
Rhithrogena anatolica Kazancı, 1985b
Type country and locality. Turkey, Kızılırmak River in Kırıkkale Province (
Distribution in Turkey. Erzurum, Kırıkkale, Siirt, Sivas (
Note. Endemic to Turkey.
Comment. Larva not described. Placed in Epeiron
Rhithrogena beskidensis Alba-Tercedor & Sowa, 1987
Distribution in Turkey. Rize (
Comment. So far considered to represent rather a west Palaearctic taxon, distribution on the Balkans and in Turkey probably questionable (
Rhithrogena braaschi Jacob, 1974
Material. Elazığ, Soğukpınar, E-Anatolia, male imago, female imago, 4.6.1992, H. Malicky leg., 38°25'N, / 39°15'E (
Distribution in Turkey. Bolu (
Rhithrogena caucasica Braasch, 1979
Distribution in Turkey. Hakkari (
Rhithrogena expectata Braasch, 1979
Distribution in Turkey. Erzurum (
Rhithrogena germanica Eaton, 1885
Distribution in Turkey. Giresun, Rize, Trabzon (
Comment. Larvae are very difficult to separate from several representatives of the R. semicolorata species-group and occurrence in Turkey probably doubtful (
Rhithrogena iranica Braasch, 1983
Distribution in Turkey. Muş (
Comment. Larva not described.
Rhithrogena iridina kownackorum Sowa & Zimmermann, 1975
Distribution in Turkey. Gümüşhane (
Comment. Larvae are very difficult to separate from several representatives of the R. semicolorata species-group.
Rhithrogena loyolaea Navás, 1922
Distribution in Turkey. Artvin (
Comment. So far considered to represent a west-central Palaearctic taxon, distribution on the Balkans and in Turkey probably questionable (
Rhithrogena pontica Sowa, Soldán & Kazanci, 1986
Type country and locality. Turkey, stream 30 km south of Tortum (the type locality is located in the district of Tortum, the province of Erzurum) (
Distribution in Turkey. Erzurum (
Note. Endemic to Turkey.
Comment. Larva not described.
Rhithrogena potamalis Braasch, 1979
Distribution in Turkey. Kahramanmaraş (
Comment. Imago not described.
Rhithrogena puytoraci Sowa & Degrange, 1987
Distribution in Turkey. Giresun, Rize, Trabzon (
Comment. So far considered to represent rather a central Palaearctic taxon, distribution in Turkey is probably questionable (
Rhithrogena semicolorata (Curtis, 1834)
Distribution in Turkey. Bayburt, Çankırı (
Rhithrogena sublineata Kazanci & Braasch, 1988
Type country and locality. Turkey, Otluca (Otluca is a village and is located in the province of Hakkari) (
Distribution in Turkey. Hakkari (
Note. Endemic to Turkey.
Comment. The taxon was described from a male subimago, larvae and imagines not known so far and generic placement doubtful.
Rhithrogena tibialis (Ulmer, 1920)
Type country and locality. Turkey, Brussa [i.e. immediate surroundings of the city of Bursa (
Distribution in Turkey. Bursa (as Cinygma tibiale;
Note. Endemic to Turkey.
Comment. Generic placement is not clear, placed in genus Epeiron Demoulin, 1964 by
Rhithrogena theischingeri Braasch, 1981
Type country and locality. Turkey, Van Gölü (the type locality is the located in the district of the Tatvan, the province of Van) (
Distribution in Turkey. Van (
Note. Endemic to Turkey.
Comment. Larva not described.
Rhithrogena zelinkai Sowa & Soldán, 1984
Distribution in Turkey. Giresun, Rize, Trabzon (
Comment. So far considered to represent a central Palaearctic taxon, distribution in Turkey is probably questionable (
Rhithrogena znojkoi (Tshernova, 1938) [sub Ecdyonurus ? znojkoi]
Distribution in Turkey. Erzurum (as Epeiron znojkoi;
Comment. Not to be confused with Iron znojkoi Tshernova, 1938 (presently placed in Epeorus). For the generic placement and redescriptions see
Heptagenia (Dacnogenia) coerulans Rostock, 1878
Distribution in Turkey. Ankara (
Comment. Dacnogenia Kluge, 1988 (originally proposed as a subgenus of Heptagenia) is considered of generic rank by various authors.
Heptagenia (Dacnogenia) coerulans micracantha Kluge, 1989
Distribution in Turkey. Zonguldak (as Heptagenia coerulans;
Heptagenia (Heptagenia) longicauda (Stephens, 1836)
Distribution in Turkey. Eskişehir (
Heptagenia (Heptagenia) perflava Brodsky, 1930
Distribution in Turkey. Siirt (
Comment. Sometimes placed in the genus Sigmoneuria Demoulin, 1964, considered to represent a junior subjectiv synonym of Sigmoneuria amseli Demoulin, 1964 (see
Heptagenia (Heptagenia) sulphurea (O.F. Müller, 1776)
Distribution in Turkey. Eskişehir (
Thalerosphyrus determinatus (Walker, 1853)
Distribution in Turkey. Ankara (as Thalerosphyrus (?);
Comment. Usually considered to represent an exclusively Oriental taxon, occurrence in Turkey is rather unlikely. Association of imaginal stages are somewhat doubtful, for a redescription of larvae see
Calliarcys van Godunko & Bauernfeind in Godunko, Sroka, Soldán & Bojková, 2015
Type country and locality. Turkey, Bitlis Province, Kavuşşahap Dağları mountain range, Pınarca Çayı [river] and its small unnamed right tributary above Kuşlu village, 38°22'32"N, 42°15'31"E, 1720 m a.s.l., about 20 km S of Tatvan town (western shore of the Van Lake) (
Distribution in Turkey. Bitlis, İzmir (
Note. Endemic to Turkey.
Comment. Frequently considered of generic rank (
Choroterpes (Choroterpes) picteti Eaton, 1871
Distribution in Turkey. Ankara, Bingöl (
Comment. Frequently considered of generic rank (
Choroterpes (Euthraulus) balcanica (Ikonomov, 1961)
Distribution in Turkey. Trakya (
Comment. Imago not described.
Comment. Sometimes considered to represent a subgenus of Leptophlebia (see
Paraleptophlebia submarginata (Stephens, 1836)
Distribution in Turkey. Erzincan (
Paraleptophlebia cincta (Retzius, 1783)
Material. İzmir, Kamberler, male subimago, female subimago, 21.5.1992, H. Malicky leg., 38°21'N, / 27°36'E (
Distribution in Turkey. Bolu (
Paraleptophlebia werneri Ulmer, 1920
Distribution in Turkey. Edirne, İstanbul, Kırklareli, Tekirdağ (
Habroleptoides caucasica Tshernova, 1931
Distribution in Turkey. Bolu (
Comment. Larvae is rather similar to Habroleptoides pontica Kluge, 1994 and other related taxa.
Habroleptoides confusa Sartori & Jacob, 1986
Distribution in Turkey. Bolu, Çankırı (as Habroleptoides modesta Hagen, 1864;
Comment. Prior to the paper by
Habroleptoides kavron Kazancı & Türkmen, 2011
Type country and locality. Turkey The stream that is inflowing Büyük Deniz Lake (the type locality is located in the Kaçkar Mountains, Upper Kavron Highland, the province of Rize) (
Distribution in Turkey. Rize (
Note. Endemic to Turkey.
Comment. Larva not described. Imagines very similar to Habroleptoides confusa Sartori and Jacob, 1986 and other related taxa, hardly separable without doubt.
Habroleptoides umbratilis Eaton, 1884
Distribution in Turkey. Bursa, Eskişehir, Kütahya (
Comment. Larva is similar to Habroleptoides confusa and related taxa; discriminating characters provided by
Habrophlebia fusca (Curtis, 1834)
Distribution in Turkey. Antalya, İçel (
Comment. Occurrence in Turkey is rather questionable, probably based on misidentification or confused with mediterranean Habrophlebia eldae Jacob and Sartori, 1984.
Habrophlebia lauta Eaton, 1884
Distribution in Turkey. Ankara, Bolu, Giresun, Trabzon (
Thraulus bellus Eaton, 1881
Distribution in Turkey. Sinop (
Comment. Occurrence in Turkey is rather questionable, probably based on misidentification (confusion with T. thraker).
Thraulus thraker Jacob, 1988
First record from Turkey. Material. Yalova, rivulet I Köseler, Koruköy, ♀SI, 38°50'N, 27°10'E, 200 m a.s.l., 30.5.1992, H. Malicky leg. (
Comment. Larva is not described. Imagines are rather similar to T. bellus Eaton, but easily separable by colouration of extreme wing roots (sooty black) and egg chorionic structures (figured in
Ephemera danica Müller, 1764
Distribution in Turkey. Bolu (
Ephemera glaucops Pictet, 1843
Distribution in Turkey. Eskişehir (
Comment. Frequently placed in subgenus Sinephemera Kluge, 2004 which is especially well characterized in male imagines (shape of titillator).
Ephemera lineata Eaton, 1870
Distribution in Turkey. Bolu (
Ephemera romantzovi Kluge, 1988
First record from Turkey. Material. İzmir, Kozak, W Anatolia, 39°17'N, 26°59'E, 250 m a.s.l., female imago, 31.5.1992, Malicky and Sipahiler leg., (
Ephemera vulgata Linnaeus, 1758
Distribution in Turkey. Muş (
Ephemera zettana Kimmins, 1937
Distribution in Turkey. Kütahya (
Palingenia anatolica Jacob, 1977
Type country and locality. Turkey, immediate vicinity of Silifke, Göksu River (the type locality is located in the district of Silifke, the province of İçel) (
Distribution in Turkey. İçel (
Note. Endemic to Turkey.
Comment. Larva is not described.
Ephoron virgo (Olivier, 1791)
Distribution in Turkey. Bingöl (
Potamanthus luteus (Linné, 1767)
Distribution in Turkey. Ankara, Bolu, Çankırı (
Ephemerella mucronata (Bengtsson, 1909)
Distribution in Turkey. Sivas (
Ephemerella notata Eaton, 1887
Distribution in Turkey. Ankara, Bolu, Muğla (
Ephemerella ignita (Poda, 1761)
Distribution in Turkey. Antalya, İzmir (
Comment. Placed in Serratella Edmunds, 1959 by some authors (e.g.
Ephemerella mesoleuca (Brauer, 1857)
Distribution in Turkey. Karabük (
Comment. Placed in Teloganopsis Ulmer, 1939 by
Drunella karia Kazanci, 1990
Type country and locality. Turkey, Çırpı Köyü (Çırpı Köyü is a village and is located in the province of Muğla (
Distribution in Turkey. Muğla (
Note. Endemic to Turkey.
Comment. Placed in Serratella Edmunds, 1959 by some authors (e.g.
Drunella euphratica Kazanci, 1987
Type country and locality. Turkey, Yuva Köyü (Yuva Köyü is a village and is located in the district of Kemaliye, the province of Erzincan) (
Distribution in Turkey. Erzincan, Hakkari, Malatya, Tunceli (
Note. Endemic to Turkey.
Comment. Placed in Quatica Jacobus and McCafferty, 2008 by some authors or in Torleya Lestage, 1917 following
Torleya major (Klapálek, 1905)
Distribution in Turkey. Ankara, Bolu, Erzincan (
Brachycercus harrisellus Curtis, 1834
Distribution in Turkey. Balıkesir (
Caenis horaria (Linnaeus, 1758)
Distribution in Turkey. Ankara (
Caenis luctuosa (Burmeister, 1839)
Distribution in Turkey. Ankara, Bolu, Bursa, Eskişehir, Kütahya (
Caenis macrura Stephens, 1836
Distribution in Turkey. Kocaeli (
Comment. Discrimination of larvae is frequently difficult. Two subspecies from the Mediterranean have been described by
Caenis martae Belfiore, 1984
Distribution in Turkey. Bolu (
Comment. Discrimination of larvae is frequently difficult. For micrographs of discriminating characters see
Caenis pseudorivulorum Keffermüller, 1960
Distribution in Turkey. Ankara (
Caenis rivulorum Eaton, 1884
Distribution in Turkey. Elazığ (
Comment. Correct identification of Caenis taxa in all stages has been greatly improved by
Caenis robusta Eaton, 1884
Distribution in Turkey. Antalya, İzmir (
Prosopistoma orhanelicum Dalkiran, 2009
Type country and locality. Turkey, Deliballılar site (Deliballılar is located in the district of Orhaneli in Orhaneli stream, the province of Bursa) (
Distribution in Turkey. Bursa (
Note. Endemic to Turkey.
Comment. Differences between larvae of P. orhanelicum and P. pennigerum are, however, rather slight, and discrimination may sometimes be doubtful. Manifestations of morphological characters are age dependent (
Prosopistoma pennigerum (O.F. Müller, 1785)
Distribution in Turkey. Diyarbakır (sub Prosopistoma foliaceum (Fourcroy, 1785);
Comment. Differences between larvae of P. orhanelicum and P. pennigerum are, however, rather slight, and discrimination doubtful. Manifestations of morphological characters are age-dependent (
Pseudocloeon inopinum Gillies 1949
Distribution in Turkey. Elazığ (
Comment. Occurrence of this Oriental taxon in Turkey has most probably been based on misidentified material as already stated by
Pseudocloeon rubellum Navás, 1931
Distribution in Turkey. Elazığ (
Comment. Occurrence of this Oriental taxon in Turkey has most probably been based on misidentified material as already stated by
Rhithrogena pellucida Daggy, 1945
Distribution in Turkey. Elazığ (
Comment. Occurrence of this Nearctic taxon in Turkey has most probably been based on misidentified material as already stated by
Ephemeroptera fauna of some provinces is remarkable and comparatively well-investigated, whereas some provinces have so far been not or insufficiently studied. Best known provinces are Ankara, Balıkesir Bartın, Bingöl, Bolu, Bursa, Çanakkale, Çankırı, Düzce, Erzincan, Erzurum, Eskişehir, Hakkari, Kars, Kastamonu, Karabük, Kırklareli, Kütahya, Muğla, Muş, Sinop, Tekirdağ, and Zonguldak provinces while Adana, Aksaray, Batman, Burdur, Gaziantep, Karaman, Kilis, Mardin, Niğde, Ordu there was not a single record observed. For faunistic research on Ephemeroptera, priority should be given to Adana, Aksaray, Batman, Burdur, Gaziantep, Karaman, Kilis, Mardin, Niğde, Ordu provinces.
Some taxa are known so far only from a single locality or from early records that are in need of updating and a careful re-examination based on modern taxonomic standards. Additionally, it would be advisable to revise discriminating characters for some problematic taxa.
Areas which have endemic species and their protection status should eventually be reconsidered due to their expected high endemism ratio.
We hope, however, there will be young scientists who will critically evaluate the present data, confirm or correct taxonomically doubtful records, and complete the missing parts in the taxonomic and faunistic knowledge about Ephemeroptera in Turkey.
As shown in Table
Diversity among the different families occurring in Turkey (Nb = number, % Total = % of total species number, % Fam. = % only within the family).
Family | Diversity | Endemism | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nb | % Total | Nb | % Total | % Fam. | |
Ameletidae | 2 | 1.27 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Siphlonuridae | 3 | 1.91 | 1 | 4.17 | 33.33 |
Baetidae | 42 | 26.75 | 2 | 8.33 | 4.76 |
Isonychiidae | 1 | 0.64 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Oligoneuriidae | 7 | 4.46 | 3 | 12.5 | 42.86 |
Heptageniidae | 62 | 39.50 | 12 | 50 | 19.35 |
Leptophlebiidae | 14 | 8.92 | 2 | 8.33 | 14.28 |
Ephemeridae | 6 | 3.82 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Palingeniidae | 1 | 0.64 | 1 | 4.17 | 100 |
Polymitarcyidae | 1 | 0.64 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Potamanthidae | 1 | 0.64 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Ephemerellidae | 7 | 4.46 | 2 | 8.33 | 28.57 |
Caenidae | 8 | 5.10 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Prosopistomatidae | 2 | 1.27 | 1 | 4.17 | 50 |
Total | 157 | 100 | 24 | 100 |
As shown in Table
Diversity among the different genera occurring in Turkey (Nb = number, % Total = % of total species number, % Genus = % only within the genus).
Genus | Diversity | Endemism | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nb | % Total | Nb | % Total | % Genus | |
Ameletus | 1 | 0.64 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Metreletus | 1 | 0.64 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Siphlonurus | 3 | 1.91 | 1 | 4.17 | 33.33 |
Baetis | 34 | 21.66 | 2 | 8.33 | 5.88 |
Centroptilum | 1 | 0.64 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Cloeon | 2 | 1.27 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Procloeon | 4 | 2.55 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Pseudocentroptiloides | 1 | 0.64 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Isonychia | 1 | 0.64 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Oligoneuriella | 7 | 4.46 | 3 | 12.5 | 42.86 |
Ecdyonurus | 13 | 8.28 | 1 | 4.17 | 7.69 |
Electrogena | 12 | 7.64 | 5 | 20.83 | 41.66 |
Afronurus | 2 | 1.27 | 1 | 4.17 | 50 |
Epeorus | 10 | 6.37 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Rhithrogena | 19 | 12.10 | 5 | 20.83 | 26.31 |
Heptagenia | 5 | 3.18 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Thalerosphyrus | 1 | 0.64 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Calliarcys | 1 | 0.64 | 1 | 4.17 | 100 |
Choroterpes | 2 | 1.27 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Paraleptophlebia | 3 | 1.91 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Habroleptoides | 4 | 2.55 | 1 | 4.17 | 25.00 |
Habrophlebia | 2 | 1.27 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Thraulus | 2 | 1.27 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Ephemera | 6 | 3.82 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Palingenia | 1 | 0.64 | 1 | 4.17 | 100 |
Ephoron | 1 | 0.64 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Potamanthus | 1 | 0.64 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Ephemerella | 4 | 2.55 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Drunella | 2 | 1.27 | 2 | 8.33 | 100 |
Torleya | 1 | 0.64 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Brachycercus | 1 | 0.64 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Caenis | 7 | 4.46 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Prosopistoma | 2 | 1.27 | 1 | 4.17 | 50 |
Total | 157 | 100 | 24 | 100 |
The endemic species are separated into two groups, those having a wide distribution in Anatolia (macro-endemic species) and those only occurring in a small mountainous massif or in a narrow part of the Taurus or Pontus (micro-endemic species). There are seven macro-endemic species: E. bimaculatus, E. anatolica, E. hakkarica, R. anatolica, R. tibialis, C. van, and D. euphratica and 17 micro-endemic species: S. muchei, B. elazigi, B. macrospinosus, O. magna, O. paulopilosa, O. pectinata, E. boluensis, E. dirmil, E. necatii, A. madli, R. pontica, R. sublineata, R. theischingeri, H. kavron, P. anatolica, D. karia, and P. orhanelicum.
We would like to express our sincere thanks to Prof. Dr. Murat Barlas and Dr. Bülent Yorulmaz (Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Univ., Muğla, Turkey) for their help and consideration in various ways concerning our study. We are especially grateful to Prof. Dr. Hans Malicky (Lunz, Austria) for the generous gift of material and Prof. Dr. Alain Thomas (Toulouse, France) for his most valuable comments during the reviewing process.
Prof. Dr. Nilgün Kazancı, Hacettepe University, Turkey
Dr. Mustafa Tanatmış, Anadolu University, Turkey