Research Article |
Cuiqing Gao‡, Shiya Xiao‡, Előd Kondorosy§
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Corresponding author: Cuiqing Gao ( cqgao@njfu.edu.cn ) Corresponding author: Előd Kondorosy ( kondorosy.ee@gmail.com ) Academic editor: Wenjun Bu
© 2022 Cuiqing Gao, Shiya Xiao, Előd Kondorosy.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation:
Gao C, Xiao S, Kondorosy E (2022) Revision of the genus Urvaschia Hopp (Hemiptera, Lygaeoidea, Oxycarenidae), with descriptions of two new species from China and Nepal. ZooKeys 1123: 83-97. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1123.87863
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Abstract
The species of Urvaschia Hopp, 1987 are reviewed. The following taxonomic change is proposed: Urvaschia obscuripennis (Kiritshenko, 1914), comb. nov. (transferred from Microplax Fieber, 1860). The genus Urvaschia Hopp is newly recorded from Afghanistan, China, Iran, and Tadzhikistan. Two new species of Urvaschia, Urvaschia convexa sp. nov. and U. recta sp. nov. are described from China and Nepal. A diagnosis of the genus, a key to all of the included species, habitus photographs, and male genitalia illustrations of selected species are presented.
Keywords
Asia, distribution, Heteroptera, key, Microplax, new combination, taxonomy, true bugs
Introduction
The lygaeoid family Oxycarenidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) includes, until now, 27 genera and approximately 140 species worldwide (
Materials and methods
Composite images were obtained with an M205FA Leica stereomicroscope and camera using the Leica Application Suite software (ver. 4.5.0). Localities were mapped using SimpleMappr (
Label data are cited verbatim, lines on the same label are divided by a slash (/), and different labels are divided by double slashes (//). Printed [pr] and handwritten [hw] texts are indicated. Details of male dissection methods and terminologies used in this article follow those given in
Abbreviations
BMNH Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom;
CEHI in TLMF Collection Ernst Heiss in Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum, Innsbruck, Austria;
IZAS Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica, Beijing, China;
Taxonomy
Urvaschia
Urvaschia
Hopp, 1987: 225–240;
Type species
Urvaschia pterosticta Hopp, 1987.
Diagnosis
(modified from
Differential diagnosis
Urvaschia differs from Microplax Fieber, 1860 by lacking any spine or with a very tiny spine at the distal part of the profemur (vs. one distinct spine and some tiny spines present at the distal part of profemur in Microplax); head short with a short postocular part which is less than 1/2 longitudinal diameter of the eyes (vs. head elongate with a long postocular part which is approximately as long as the diameter of eyes in Microplax); corium is clearly punctate and with many tiny spots (vs. corium lacking any punctures and unicolourous or with large spots in Microplax).
Urvaschia is also similar to Camptotelus Fieber, 1860 but it can be distinguished from the latter by bucculae not enlarged laterad, first segment of antennae exceeding clypeus, and clavus punctate (vs. the bucculae enlarged laterad, first segment of antennae not exceeding clypeus, and clavus impunctate in Camptotelus).
Urvaschia can be distinguished from Leptodemus Reuter, 1900 by the first segment of the antennae exceeding clypeus and the hemelytra punctate (vs. the first segment of antennae not exceeding clypeus and the hemelytra are impunctate in Leptodemus).
The key of
Urvaschia pterosticta
Urvaschia pterosticta: Hopp, 1987: 226: original description;
Type material examined
Holotype
(Fig.
Redescription
Colouration. Head black. Antennae blackish brown with segments II and III yellowish brown. Anterior lobe of pronotum black, with a yellow mid spot in the anterior margin; posterior lobe brown with darker punctures. Scutellum black. Corium pale yellowish brown, with sparse obscure pale brown spots including exocorium; veins thick and brown; apical angle of corium with single small blackish brown spot. Colour of membrane similar to corium, with dark brown spots on distal margin and between brown veins. Femora blackish brown; tibiae yellow with both ends brown; colour of tarsi similar to apices of tibiae.
Structure. Head slightly declined, both dorsally and ventrally with very dense, deep, large punctures. Dorsal surface flat. Eyes slightly protruding laterally. Distance between posterior margin of eyes and anterior margin of pronotum approximately one fourth of diameter of eyes. Antennae covered with short dense oblique setae; apical 1/2 of segment I surpassing clypeus.
Pronotum trapezoid, swollen, calli slightly emergent. Anterior and posterior margin straight; lateral margins slightly arched. Pronotum covered with large, dense punctures. Clavus with three distinct shallow rows of large punctures, with middle row incomplete. Corium with scattered punctures between vein Cu and clavus; apical margin strongly concave, costal margin convex; apical angle elongated and narrow; total length of corium ~ 2/3 of hemelytra. Membrane relatively long and broad (Fig.
Pygophore (based on
Distribution
Nepal (
Remarks
The female paratype from Kashmir (Fig.
It needs to be clarified that the labels of the holotype and paratype (Fig.
Urvaschia obscuripennis , comb. nov.
Camptotelus obscuripennis Kiritshenko, 1914: 411.
Microplax obscuripennis:
Type material examined
Lectotype
: Tadzhikistan • ♂; prov. Samarkand. [pr] / Laudan. 17.VII. 12 [hw] / A. N. Kiritshenko. [pr] // Camptotelus / obscuripennis n. sp. // Type [pr, red] // Lectotypus [pr] Camptotelus [hw] / bscuripennis Kir. [hw] / design. [pr] J. Péricart 1993 [hw, red label] (
Paratype of U. pterosticta Hopp. India, Kashmir • ♀; Daksum 9.-13.7. [pr]/ 2400–2700m [pr] // Kashmir, 1976 [pr]/ W. Wittmer [pr] // Urvaschia [hw] / pterodiasticta [hw] / HOPP [hw] / det. Hopp. I. 1987 [hw] // Para- [hw] / Typus [pr] [red label] (
Other material examined
China• 2♂♂, Yunnan, Yulongshan, Lijiang, Yunnan / 14.vi.1996 / 2700m. leg. Leyi Zheng [all pr] (
Examined material
(digital photograph). China, Sichuan Province, Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Jiulong County, Wulaxi Town, S215, 28.620355°N, 101.670542°E, photographed by Lu Feng. The image can be found on the iNaturalist website (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/59187411).
Redescription
Colouration. Head black. Antennae blackish brown, sometimes with segments II and III yellowish brown. Bucculae and labium blackish brown, concolourous with clypeus. Anterior lobe of pronotum black, sometimes with anterior margin yellow; posterior lobe dark blackish brown, with a short yellow midline mark near posterior margin. Scutellum black. Corium pale yellowish brown, with sparse, obscure, pale brown spots except exocorium; veins thick and brown; apical angle of corium with single blackish brown spot. Colour of membrane similar to corium, with dark brown spots between brown veins. Thoracal sterna black. Supracoxal lobe of prosternum blackish brown. Ostiolar peritreme of metathoracic scent gland blackish brown. Posterior 1/2 of mesopleuron and metapleuron broadly yellowish white. Femora blackish brown; tibiae yellow with both ends yellowish brown to blackish brown; colour of tarsi similar to apexes of tibiae. Abdominal sterna dark reddish brown.
Structure. Head slightly declined, both dorsally and ventrally, with very dense, deep, large punctures and erect white setae (ventrally decumbent). Dorsal surface flat. Eyes slightly protruding laterally. Distance between posterior margin of eyes and anterior margin of pronotum ~ 1/2 diameter of eyes. Bucculae high, covering labium, with sparse punctures. Antennae covered with short dense oblique setae; apical one quarter of segment I surpassing clypeus. Labium reaching base of mesocoxae, first segment of labium almost reaching posterior margin of bucculae.
Pronotum trapezoid, flat, calli slightly emergent. Anterior and posterior margin straight; lateral margins of pronotum slightly sinuate; both anterolateral and posterolateral pronotal angles round. Pronotum covered with large, dense punctures (smaller on calli) and long, white, erect setae, slightly leaning posteriad. Base of scutellum sunken, basal 1/2 covered with small punctures and with similar setae as pronotum; apical 1/2 of scutellum without middle ridge, only lateral margins with small punctures. Hemelytra flat, sparsely covered with short white setae; clavus with three clear rows of large shallow punctures, with middle row incomplete. Corium with scattered punctures between vein Cu and clavus, and a row of dense punctures along inner margin of exocorium, apically being superficial, sometimes absent there; apical margin strongly concave, costal margin almost straight; corium evenly broadening posteriad, body broadest near apex of corium; apical angle elongated and narrow; total length of corium ~ 2/3 of hemelytra. Membrane comparatively long, broad, inner ca 1/3 overlapping each other (Figs
Pygophore: posterior margin of pygophore and cup-like sclerite fused; distal margin of cup-like sclerite with a deep incision (Fig.
Measurements (mm, N = 8). Body length 2.68–3.50. Head length 0.34–0.47, width across eyes 0.60–0.72; antennal segments I–IV length: 0.17–0.26: 0.37–0.56: 0.27–0.32: 0.40–0.45; labium length 0.96, first segment length 0.23. Pronotum length 0.55–0.68, width of anterior margin 0.48–0.54, width of posterior margin 0.68–0.88; scutellum length 0.31–0.39, width 0.33–0.50. Distance apex clavus-corium apex 0.74–0.97; distance apex corium – apex membrane 0.70–0.88.
Distribution
Remarks
As mentioned above, the female paratype of U. pterosticta from Kashmir (Fig.
Differential diagnosis
Urvaschia obscuripennis is similar to U. pterosticta in having similar brown spots on the hemelytra and apex of the corium conspicuously concave, but the lateral margin of the corium is almost straight and the exocorium spotless, the lateral margins of pronotum are slightly sinuate (vs. lateral margin of the corium more arched and exocorium with brown spots; the lateral margins of the pronotum more arched in U. pterosticta), and the distal margin of the cup-like sclerite with a deep incision (vs. distal margin of cup-like sclerite without any incision but with a median keel in U. pterosticta).
Urvaschia convexa sp. nov.
Camptotelus obscuripennis:
Type material examined
Holotype. China • ♀; Maerkang [pr], Sichuan [pr] / 2600–2800m / 13.viii.1963 [hw] (
Description
Colouration. Head blackish brown; bucculae and labium brown; antennae dark brown. Pronotum brown, with a pale brown midline; callar area of pronotum blackish brown. Scutellum blackish brown, distal 3/4 with a brown midline. Corium pale yellowish brown, evenly covered with obscure brown spots; distal margin of corium dark brown; apical angle of corium with a small blackish brown spot. Colour of membrane similar to that of corium, with brown spots between brown veins. Thoracic sterna blackish brown except posterior 1/2 of prosterna yellowish brown. Supracoxal lobe of prosternum yellow. Mesopleuron blackish brown; inner 1/2 of ostiolar peritreme of metathoracic scent gland yellowish white, outer 1/2 of ostiolar peritreme brown. Posterior 1/2 of metapleura broadly yellowish white. Abdominal sterna dark reddish brown. Femora dark brown, tibiae ochraceous.
Structure. Head slightly declined, covered very densely with deep and large punctures and long white erect setae both dorsally and ventrally; vertex comparatively flat. Eyes slightly protruding laterally. Distance between posterior margin of eyes and anterior margin of pronotum ~ 1/3 of diameter of eyes. Bucculae high, covering labium, with sparse punctures. Antennae covered with dense oblique setae; apical quarter of segment I surpassing clypeus. Labium reaching base of mesocoxae, first segment of labium surpassing posterior margin of bucculae. Venter of head comparatively flat, covered with dense punctures and dense decumbent setae.
Pronotum trapezoid, flat, calli slightly emergent. Anterior margin straight; middle part of posterior margin slightly concave; lateral margins of pronotum sinuate; both of anterolateral and posterolateral pronotal angles rounded. Pronotum covered with dense punctures and with long erect setae, slightly leaning posteriad. Base of scutellum slightly sunken, covered with punctures and setae except midline, slightly emergent in apical 1/2. Hemelytra flat, sparsely covered with white short setae; clavus with inner and outer rows of strong and shallow punctures, scattered with many irregular punctures between them. Corium with sparse scattered punctures. Apical margin of corium convex, costal margin evenly arched; body broadest near apex of clavus, length of corium almost three fourth of hemelytra. Membrane short and small, only overlapping each other on inner edge (Fig.
Pygophore (Fig.
Measurements (mm, N = 2). Holotype. ♀ (Paratype. ♂), Body length 3.44 (3.08). Head length 0.53 (0.45), width across eyes 0.65 (0.69); antennal segments I–IV length: 0.20: 0.50: 0.36: 0.41 (0.17: 0.42: 0.31: 0.43); labium length 1.26 (covered), first segment length 0.31. Pronotum length 0.71 (0.66), width of anterior margin 0.58 (0.53), width of posterior margin 1.01 (0.85); scutellum length 0.44 (0.39), width 0.57 (0.40). Distance apex clavus– apex corium 1.03 (0.92); distance apex corium–apex membrane 0.76 (0.65).
Etymology
The species epithet, convexa, is an adjective and refers to the convex distal margin of corium.
Distribution
China (Sichuan) (Fig.
Differential diagnosis
Based on the description and figures, we conclude that the new species was always misidentified as “Camptotelus obscuripennis Kiritshenko, 1914” in China (
Urvaschia recta sp. nov.
Type material examined
Holotype. China • ♂; Lijiang [hw], Yunnan [pr] / 11.viii. [hw]1979 [pr] / leg. Jianxin Cui [pr] (
Other material examined
China • pr. Beijing / Mentougou Dist. / Beijing 130 km NW / Liyan Ling // Linshan Mt. / 1749 m, 115°30'E / 40°00', 2.VIII.2002 // leg. G. Melika (
Description
Colouration. Head blackish brown. Antennae dark blackish brown. Bucculae and labium dark brown. Pronotum with a yellowish white midline except area of calli. Anterior lobe of pronotum blackish brown, posterior lobe dark brown. Scutellum blackish brown. Hemelytra pale yellowish brown, with dense dark brown spots between brown veins covering exocorium as well; distal margin of corium dark brown; apical angle of corium with a blackish brown spot. Thoracal sterna blackish brown. Supracoxal lobes yellowish white to yellow. Mesopleuron black; inner 1/2 of ostiolar peritreme of metathoracic scent gland yellowish white, outer 1/2 of ostiolar peritreme brown. Posterior 1/2 of metapleura broadly yellowish white. Femora blackish brown; tibiae and tarsi ochraceous. Abdominal sterna dark reddish brown.
Structure. Head slightly declined, covered with large deep punctures and erect white setae. Eyes slightly protruding laterally. Distance between posterior margin of eyes and anterior margin of pronotum 1/2 diameter of eyes. Bucculae high, almost parallel to labium, visible laterad of clypeus from dorsal view. Antennae covered with dense oblique setae, apical 1/3 of segment I surpassing clypeus. First segment of labium surpassing bucculae, segment II surpassing base of head, labium reaching middle of mesocoxae. Venter of head flat, covered with punctures and dense white decumbent setae.
Pronotum trapezoid, flat, covered with large dense punctures and long white erect setae, slightly leaning posteriad; calli slightly emergent. Anterior margin of pronotum straight; posterior margin of pronotum straight with posterolateral pronotal angles slightly protruding posteriad. Base of scutellum slightly sunken; each margin covered with dense punctures, smaller than on pronotum and sparse setae, central area with sparse punctures and inconspicuous median carina. Hemelytra flat, sparsely covered with white and short setae; clavus with inner and outer rows of punctures, scattered with irregular one or two rows of punctures in middle. Corium with several punctures between vein Cu and clavus, and a row of punctures along inner margin of exocorium (Fig.
Pygophore (Fig.
Measurements (mm, N = 3). Holotype. ♂ (Paratypes. 2♀♀); Body length 3.49 (3.72–3.81). Head length 0.46 (0.50–0.51), width across eyes 0.77 (0.73–0.76); antennal segments I–IV length: 0.22: 0.46: 0.33: 0.40 (I–IV: 0.18–0.25: 0.54: 0.35: 0.45); labium length 1.34, first segment length 0.32. Pronotum length 0.73 (0.73–0.76), width of anterior margin 0.60 (0.64), width of posterior margin 1.04 (1.12–1.15); scutellum length 0.51 (0.48–0.50), width 0.56 (0.67–0.71). Distance apex clavus– apex corium 1.08 (1.08–1.18); distance apex corium–apex membrane 0.78 (0.98–1.05).
Etymology
The species epithet recta, derived from Latin adjective rectus (= straight), alludes to the straight apical margin of the corium.
Distribution
China (Beijing, Ningxia, Sichuan, Xizang, Yunnan), Nepal (Fig.
Differential diagnosis
The new species is similar to U. convexa sp. nov. in having brown spots on the hemelytra and oval body shape, but the corium is not elongated, with the length of the corium almost twice the length of the membrane from the apical angle of the corium to the apex, and its apex is almost straight (vs. corium conspicuously elongated, with the length of the corium almost three times the length of the membrane from the apical angle of the corium to the apex, and the apex of the corium is conspicuously convex in U. convexa sp. nov.); membrane almost fully overlapping (vs. membrane only overlapping on the inner edge in U. convexa sp. nov.).
Key to species of Urvaschia
| 1 | Distal margin of corium markedly concave, apex of corium elongated (Figs |
2 |
| – | Distal margin of corium convex or straight, apex of corium not elongated (Fig. |
3 |
| 2 | Costal margin of corium convex, with brown spots; lateral margin of pronotum slightly arched, not sinuate (Fig. |
U. pterosticta Hopp, 1987 |
| – | Costal margin of corium straight, excorium unicolourous, spotless; lateral margin of pronotum slightly sinuate (Fig. |
U. obscuripennis (Kiritshenko, 1914) comb. nov. |
| 3 | Distal margin of corium convex; membrane only overlapping on inner edge (Fig. |
U. convexa sp. nov. |
| – | Distal margin of corium almost straight; membrane fully overlapping each other (Fig. |
U. recta sp. nov. |
Discussion
Until now, the regional Palaearctic Urvaschia species seemed to be endemic in Nepal and Kashmir, but four species distributed in six countries documented here indicate a more widely-distributed taxon. It is interesting that the shape of the corial apical margin of Urvaschia species varies between different species, from concave, straight, to convex. This demands further investigations using both morphological and molecular evidence of species of related oxycarenid genera.
Acknowledgements
We thank Wenjun Bu (
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